Frosting and defrosting durability test bench for external condenser in automobile heat pump air conditioner

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of automobile air conditioner testing, and relates to a frosting and defrosting durability test bench for an external condenser in an automobile heat pump air conditioner, which comprises a compressor, a water-cooling condenser, an ESV electromagnetic valve, an external condenser to be tested, a liquid storage tank and a gas-liquid separator which are circularly connected through a refrigerant pipeline, three parallel branches are arranged between the liquid storage tank and the gas-liquid separator, the first branch is sequentially connected with a first SV electromagnetic valve and an evaporator in series, the second branch is sequentially connected with an EXV electromagnetic valve and a battery cooler in series, and the third branch is provided with a second SV electromagnetic valve; a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the external condenser is arranged on the external condenser so as to judge that the external condenser is in a frosting state, and an automatic spraying device for spraying the external condenser is arranged on the external condenser; and the air conditioning system management controller is electrically connected with the compressor, the automatic spraying device, the temperature sensor, the ESV electromagnetic valve, the first SV electromagnetic valve, the EXV electromagnetic valve and the second SV electromagnetic valve.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of automotive air conditioner testing, and relates to a frosting and defrosting durability test bench for an external condenser in an automotive heat pump air conditioner. Background Technique

[0002] As the automotive emission standards and energy conservation and consumption reduction requirements introduced by various countries in the world are getting higher and higher, the application of new energy electric vehicles is becoming more and more extensive. Compared with traditional fuel vehicles, electric vehicles do not have the waste heat provided by the engine as the heating heat source. In winter, PTC electric heating is generally used for heating. The energy efficiency ratio of PTC electric heating is within 1.0. The temperature difference between the inside and outside of the cab in winter is large. When operating in the heating mode, a large amount of battery power will be consumed. In this way, the cruising range of electric vehicles will be greatly reduced; for electric vehicles, ensuring the cruising range is the primary task, and all energy-consuming components must be oriented towards energy conservation and consumption reduction. Therefore, developing a highly efficient and energy-saving heat pump air conditioner for electric vehicles is the first task to reduce battery energy consumption.

[0003] At present, the heat pump air conditioner systems of new energy electric vehicles mainly have two forms: direct type or indirect type. The technical solution of the direct type heat pump air conditioner system is mainly to add an internal condenser while there is already a wind-warm PTC required under extreme conditions in the air conditioner box. When heating and heating, the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant discharged by the compressor passes through the internal condenser of the air conditioner box. Under the action of the fan, the warm air is brought into the cab, and the external condenser is used as an evaporator to absorb the heat from the outside world, but this will cause the external condenser to frost. After frosting, the air conditioner needs to switch from the heating mode to the defrosting mode; the technical solution of the indirect type heat pump air conditioner system is mainly to use the same air conditioner box as that of traditional fuel vehicles, add a plate heat exchanger, and use coolant as the heat transfer medium. In the coolant circuit, when heating and heating, the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant discharged by the compressor first passes through the plate heat exchanger to heat the coolant, and then passes through the external condenser to absorb heat. Finally, through the action of the water pump, the flowing cooling liquid passes through the heater core, and under the action of the fan, the warm air is brought into the cab. Similarly, the condenser also has the problem of frosting. It can be seen that whether it is a direct type or an indirect type heat pump air conditioner system, after the external condenser is used as an evaporator, there is a process of frosting and defrosting.

[0004] It can be seen that the frosting and defrosting problems of the external condenser are directly related to the refrigeration effect of the air conditioner and the stability of the system. Therefore, it is very necessary to conduct frosting and defrosting durability tests on the external condenser. The traditional test method is the pressure cycle durability test. The pressure cycle durability test generally uses a pressure pulse test bench, which can simulate the alternating pressure and temperature. However, the disadvantage is that the medium of the pressure pulse test bench generally uses hydraulic oil, and it cannot simulate the real state during the operation of the air conditioner system; the real state of the condenser undergoes frosting and defrosting under the action of the refrigerant; and there is a phase change during the operation of the refrigerant. When acting as a condenser, the refrigerant changes from a gaseous state to a liquid state (defrosting process), and when acting as an evaporator, the refrigerant changes from a liquid state to a gaseous state (frosting process). At present, there is no equipment on the market that can conduct the durability test of this experiment. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a frosting and defrosting durability test bench for the external condenser of the heat pump air conditioner system of new energy vehicles. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a frosting and defrosting durability test bench for the external condenser in an automotive heat pump air conditioner. Based on an indirect heat pump air conditioner system, a simulated vehicle test bench is built and placed in a temperature and humidity chamber test box. Through the feedback signal of the surface temperature sensor of the external condenser, it is determined whether the external condenser is frosted, and through the program of the thermal management system module, the system operation of automatic frosting and defrosting is entered, so as to realize the frosting and defrosting durability test of the external condenser under the real state.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A frosting and defrosting durability test bench for the external condenser in an automotive heat pump air conditioner, including a compressor, a water-cooled condenser, an ESV solenoid valve, an external condenser to be tested, a liquid storage tank, and a gas-liquid separator connected in a refrigerant pipeline loop. And three parallel branches are arranged between the liquid storage tank and the gas-liquid separator. The first branch is successively connected in series with a first SV solenoid valve and an evaporator along the refrigerant flow direction. The second branch is successively connected in series with an EXV solenoid valve and a battery cooler along the refrigerant flow direction. The third branch is provided with a second SV solenoid valve;

[0008] A temperature sensor for detecting its temperature is provided on the external condenser, so as to judge whether it is in a frosted state, and an automatic spraying device for spraying it is arranged on the side or above the external condenser;

[0009] It also includes an air conditioner system management controller electrically connected to the compressor, the automatic spraying device, the temperature sensor, the ESV solenoid valve, the first SV solenoid valve, the EXV solenoid valve, and the second SV solenoid valve to control the operation of the test bench.

[0010] Further, it further includes a temperature and humidity test chamber for accommodating the compressor, water-cooled condenser, ESV solenoid valve, external condenser to be tested, liquid storage tank, and gas-liquid separator.

[0011] Further, an electronic fan matching the external condenser is provided on one side of the external condenser to provide air volume for the external condenser.

[0012] Further, a blower and a warm air core are respectively provided on the front and rear sides of the evaporator, and the warm air core is connected to the water circuit in the water-cooled condenser through a circulation pipeline with a water pump to simulate the real use environment of an indirect heat pump air conditioner.

[0013] Further, the air-conditioning system management controller is also electrically connected to the electronic fan and the blower to control their rotation speeds.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present utility model are as follows:

[0015] The present utility model provides a frosting and defrosting durability test bench for an external condenser in an automotive heat pump air conditioner. The test bench is based on an indirect heat pump air conditioning system to simulate the real use state of the external condenser, replacing the functions of a traditional pressure cycle test bench and an air-conditioning system comprehensive performance test bench, and being more in line with the actual operating state of the secondary heat pump air conditioning system. It greatly improves the accuracy of the frosting and defrosting durability test of the external condenser, and the test bench can achieve automated testing, reducing test costs and personnel operations, and greatly reducing the workload and working time of test equipment and test personnel, thus greatly saving labor and equipment operation costs.

[0016] Secondly, the test bench has a data recording function and displays the data in the form of a chart, which is convenient for designers to analyze the data of the reliability verification of the air-conditioning system components.

[0017] Other advantages, objectives, and features of the present utility model will be elaborated to some extent in the subsequent description, and to some extent, will be obvious to those skilled in the art based on the study of the following text, or can be taught from the practice of the present utility model. The objectives and other advantages of the present utility model can be realized and obtained through the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present utility model clearer, the present utility model will be described in detail preferably with reference to the accompanying drawings, where:

[0019] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a frosting and defrosting durability test bench for an external condenser in an automotive heat pump air conditioner in an embodiment;

[0020] Figure 2 It is a control flow chart of the control method for the frosting and defrosting durability test bench of the external condenser in an automotive heat pump air conditioner in the embodiment;

[0021] Figure 3 It is the temperature curve graph of the inlet and outlet of the external condenser under the automatic frosting and defrosting states.

[0022] Reference numerals: compressor 1, water-cooled condenser 2, external condenser 3, temperature sensor 4, electronic fan 5, liquid storage tank 6, blower 7, evaporator 8, heater core 9, battery cooler 10, gas-liquid separator 11, air conditioning system management controller 12, automatic spraying device 13, temperature and humidity test chamber 14, ESV solenoid valve 15, first SV solenoid valve 16, EXV solenoid valve 17, second SV solenoid valve 18. Specific embodiments

[0023] The following uses specific specific examples to illustrate the implementation manners of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific implementation manners. Various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that the diagrams provided in the following embodiments only illustrate the basic concept of the present invention in a schematic manner. Without conflict, the following embodiments and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0024] Among them, the drawings are only for illustrative purposes, showing only schematic diagrams, not physical diagrams, and cannot be understood as a limitation to the present invention; in order to better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some components in the drawings will be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the dimensions of the actual product; for those skilled in the art, it is understandable that some well-known structures and their descriptions in the drawings may be omitted.

[0025] In the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, the same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if there are terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc. indicating the orientation or positional relationship, they are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only for illustrative purposes and cannot be understood as a limitation to the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0026] Please refer to Figure 1, which is a durability test bench for frosting and defrosting of an external condenser in an automotive heat pump air conditioner, includes an air-conditioning system management controller 12 (ITMS), a temperature and humidity test chamber 14, and a compressor 1, a water-cooled condenser 2, an ESV solenoid valve 15, an external condenser 3 to be tested, a liquid storage tank 6, and a gas-liquid separator 11 arranged in the temperature and humidity test chamber 14 and connected in a refrigerant pipeline loop. Three parallel branches are arranged between the liquid storage tank 6 and the gas-liquid separator 11. The first branch is successively connected in series with a first SV solenoid valve 16 and an evaporator 8 along the refrigerant flow direction. The second branch is successively connected in series with an EXV solenoid valve 17 and a battery cooler 10 along the refrigerant flow direction. A second SV solenoid valve 18 is provided on the third branch;

[0027] A temperature sensor 4 for detecting its state is provided on the external condenser 3 to detect the temperature of the external condenser 3 and thus judge its state. An electronic fan 5 matching the external condenser 3 is provided on one side of the external condenser 3, and an automatic spraying device 13 for spraying water on the external condenser 3 is arranged on the side or above the external condenser 3;

[0028] The air-conditioning system management controller 12 is electrically connected to the compressor 1, the electronic fan 5, the blower 7, the automatic spraying device 13, the temperature sensor 4, the ESV solenoid valve 15, the first SV solenoid valve 16, the EXV solenoid valve 17, and the second SV solenoid valve 18 respectively to control the operation of the test bench.

[0029] Preferably, a blower 7 and a heater core 9 are respectively provided on the front and rear sides of the evaporator 8, and the heater core 9 is connected to the water circuit in the water-cooled condenser through a circulating pipeline with a water pump to simulate the real use environment of an indirect heat pump air conditioner.

[0030] Specifically, the compressor 1 is used to compress low-pressure gaseous refrigerant into high-pressure and high-temperature gaseous refrigerant; the water-cooled condenser 2 exchanges heat with the refrigerant indirectly, transfers the heat in the refrigerant system to the water supply system, and is used for water heating; the external condenser 3 cools the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant and releases heat when acting as a condenser, and absorbs heat from the air when acting as an evaporator; the temperature sensor 4 is used to collect the surface temperature of the external condenser 3 to determine which mode to operate; the electronic fan 5 provides air volume for the external condenser; the liquid storage tank 6 stores refrigerant for the refrigerant pipeline; the blower 7 provides air volume for the evaporator and the heater core; the evaporator 8 is usually used for cooling, dehumidifying, defrosting and demisting in the passenger compartment; the heater core 9 is used for heating, defrosting and demisting in the passenger compartment; the battery cooler 10 is used to cool the battery and acts as an evaporator in the defrosting mode; the gas-liquid separator 11 is used for gas-liquid separation to protect the compressor and prevent liquid hammer; the air-conditioning system management controller 12, also known as ITMS, is used to control the rotational speed of the compressor, the rotational speed of the electronic fan, the rotational speed of the blower 7, and the control of ESV, EXV, SV valves, and receives the temperature sensor signal; the automatic spraying device 13 is used to spray water on the surface of the external condenser 3; the temperature and humidity test chamber 14 is used to provide a suitable ambient temperature and humidity and has the function of adjusting the temperature and humidity in the test chamber, which is a common device in the prior art.

[0031] In another embodiment, the heater core 9 may not be provided, and the water-cooled condenser 2 may be directly connected to other water circulation systems.

[0032] Please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 , which is a control method for the frosting and defrosting durability test bench of the external condenser in an automotive heat pump air conditioner, specifically including the following steps:

[0033] Environmental arrangement: Set the temperature in the temperature and humidity test chamber 14 to 20 °C and the humidity to 50%, and determine whether the surface of the external condenser 3 is frosted by arranging the temperature sensor 4 on the surface of the external condenser 3. If the temperature of the temperature sensor 4 is higher than 15 °C, it is determined that the surface of the external condenser 3 is not frosted, and the frosting mode is entered;

[0034] Frosting mode:

[0035] The air-conditioning system management controller 12 controls the automatic sprinkler device 13 to start, and sprays the outer surface of the external condenser 3 for 1 minute. The refrigerant in the liquid storage tank 6 and the refrigerant pipeline is compressed by the compressor 1 and discharged as high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas. After releasing heat through the water-cooled condenser 2, and the water circuit of the water-cooled condenser 2 is operating normally. After the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas exchanges heat with water, it continues to enter the external condenser 3 through the ESV solenoid valve 15. At this time, the external condenser 3 is equivalent to an external evaporator, absorbing heat from the air. Since the surface temperature of the external condenser is very low, the moisture in the air and the water sprayed on the surface condense, resulting in a frosting phenomenon. And the air-conditioning system management controller 12 controls the first SV solenoid valve 16 and the EXV solenoid valve 17 to close, and the second SV solenoid valve 18 to open. The refrigerant continues to enter the gas-liquid separator 11 through the second SV solenoid valve 18, and after being compressed by the compressor 1, the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas enters the water-cooled condenser again, forming a complete refrigerant circulation loop;

[0036] At this time, the first SV solenoid valve 16 and the EXV solenoid valve 17 in the test bench are closed, and the second SV solenoid valve 18 is open. By adjusting parameters (such as the rotation speed of the compressor 1, the opening ratio of the ESV solenoid valve 15, and the rotation speed of the electronic fan 5) through the air-conditioning system management controller 12, the temperature sensor 4 reaches the target temperature of -15°C within 8 - 10 minutes (i.e., causing the external condenser to frost). Subsequently, the air-conditioning system management controller 12 controls the test bench to enter the defrosting mode;

[0037] Defrosting mode:

[0038] If the air-conditioning system management controller 12 receives the detected temperature from the temperature sensor 4 lower than -15°C, it determines that the external condenser is frosted and enters the defrosting mode;

[0039] The high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas is discharged from the compressor 1 and passes through the water-cooled condenser 2. At this time, the water circuit of the water-cooled condenser 2 is not operating, and at this time the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas does not exchange heat with the condensed water in the water-cooled condenser. The refrigerant continues to enter the external condenser 3 through the ESV solenoid valve 15 (the opening ratio is 100%, equivalent to a passage), using the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas to make the external condenser release heat to achieve the purpose of defrosting. After the refrigerant is further cooled and condensed, one path passes through the EXV solenoid valve 17 (the opening ratio is determined by ITMS) and enters the battery cooler 10, and one path passes through the first SV solenoid valve 16 and enters the evaporator 8. The two paths of refrigerant converge and then enter the gas-liquid separator 11, and after being compressed by the compressor 2 again, it enters the water-cooled condenser 2, forming a complete refrigerant circulation loop of the air-conditioning system;

[0040] At this time, the first SV solenoid valve 16 and the EXV solenoid valve 17 in the test bench are opened, and the second SV solenoid valve 18 is closed. The air-conditioning system management controller 12 adjusts parameters such as the speed of the compressor 1, the opening ratio of the EXV solenoid valve, the speed of the blower 7, and the speed of the electric fan 5, so that the temperature sensor 4 reaches the target temperature of 15 °C within 3-5 minutes (i.e., defrost the external condenser), and then the air-conditioning system management controller 12 controls the test bench to enter the frosting mode;

[0041] Repeat the above frosting mode and defrosting mode until the test is completed.

[0042] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified or equivalently replaced without departing from the purpose and scope of the present technical solution, and they should all be covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A frosting and defrosting durability test bench for an external condenser in an automobile heat pump air conditioner, characterized in that: It includes a compressor, a water-cooled condenser, an ESV solenoid valve, an external condenser to be tested, a liquid storage tank and a gas-liquid separator connected in a refrigerant pipeline cycle, and three parallel branches are arranged between the liquid storage tank and the gas-liquid separator, the first branch is connected in series with a first SV solenoid valve and an evaporator in sequence along the refrigerant flow direction, the second branch is connected in series with an EXV solenoid valve and a battery cooler in sequence along the refrigerant flow direction, and the third branch is provided with a second SV solenoid valve; A temperature sensor is provided on the external condenser for detecting its temperature, thereby determining whether it is in a frosted state, and an automatic spraying device is arranged on the side or above the external condenser for spraying it; It also includes an air conditioning system management controller electrically connected to the compressor, the automatic spray device, the temperature sensor, the ESV solenoid valve, the first SV solenoid valve, the EXV solenoid valve and the second SV solenoid valve to control the operation of the test bench.

2. The frosting and defrosting durability test bench for the external condenser in the automobile heat pump air conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a temperature and humidity test chamber for accommodating the compressor, the water-cooled condenser, the ESV solenoid valve, the external condenser to be tested, the liquid storage tank and the gas-liquid separator.

3. The frosting and defrosting durability test bench for the external condenser in the automobile heat pump air conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that: An electronic fan matching the external condenser is arranged on one side of the external condenser to provide air volume for the external condenser.

4. The frosting and defrosting durability test bench for the external condenser in the automobile heat pump air conditioner according to claim 3, characterized in that: A fan and a warm air core are respectively provided on the front and rear sides of the evaporator, and the warm air core is connected to the water circulation in the water-cooled condenser through a circulation pipeline with a water pump to simulate the actual use environment of an indirect heat pump air conditioner.

5. The frosting and defrosting durability test bench for the external condenser in the automobile heat pump air conditioner according to claim 4, characterized in that: The air conditioning system management controller is also electrically connected to the electronic fan and blower to control their rotation speed.

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