Depth-keeping, ditching, fertilizing and soil-covering machine

Abstract

The utility model discloses a depth-keeping, ditching, fertilizing and soil-covering machine, belongs to the technical field of soil-covering machines, and solves the problem that the service life of a soil-covering plate of an existing soil-covering machine is shortened due to the fact that the position of the soil-covering plate cannot be flexibly adjusted. The machine comprises a rack, an opening is formed in the bottom of the rack, a vertical ditching assembly and a self-adaptive soil covering assembly which are used for ditching are arranged at the front end and the rear end in the opening of the rack respectively, and a fertilizer discharging assembly fixed to the rack is arranged between the vertical ditching assembly and the self-adaptive soil covering assembly. According to the self-adaptive soil covering assembly disclosed by the utility model, through the arrangement of the extension spring and the elastic telescopic piece, when the soil covering plate bears a larger force due to an uneven ground or an obstacle, the component forces of the soil covering plate in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction can respectively overcome the acting forces of the extension spring and the elastic telescopic piece; therefore, the soil covering plate is prevented from being damaged, and the service life of the soil covering plate is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of soil covering machines, in particular to a depth-fixed ditch-opening fertilizing soil covering machine. Background Art

[0002] As an important agricultural machinery and equipment, the main function of a soil covering machine is to evenly cover the soil on seeds or seedlings after sowing or transplanting. However, under the existing technical conditions, the soil covering plates of many soil covering machines are usually fixedly installed. This design will expose obvious deficiencies when facing uneven terrain or obstacles on the ground. When encountering uneven ground or sundries in the soil, the fixed soil covering plate cannot flexibly adjust its position and often has to be pushed hard, which not only may lead to poor soil covering effect, but also may accelerate the wear of the equipment due to frequent impacts and frictions, shortening its service life.

[0003] For example, the prior art with the publication number of CN220875043U discloses a ditch-opening soil covering machine convenient for fertilizing, which includes a frame. A material box is fixedly connected to the frame. A plurality of telescopic rods are fixedly connected to both sides of the frame at equal intervals. A plow blade is fixedly connected to the telescopic rod on one side of the frame, and a soil covering plate is fixedly connected to the telescopic rod on the other side. Although the soil covering plate of this patent can move up and down through the telescopic rod, when there are sundries on the ground, it still has to be pushed hard, reducing the service life. Summary of the Utility Model

[0004] Aiming at the above problems in the prior art, the utility model provides a depth-fixed ditch-opening fertilizing soil covering machine, which solves the problem that the service life of the soil covering plate of the existing soil covering machine is reduced due to the inability to flexibly adjust the position.

[0005] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the utility model is as follows:

[0006] A depth-fixed ditch-opening fertilizing soil covering machine is provided, which includes a frame. The bottom of the frame is provided with an opening, and a vertical ditch-opening component for ditch-opening and an adaptive soil covering component are respectively arranged at the front and rear ends of the frame inside the opening. A fertilizer discharging component fixed to the frame is arranged between the vertical ditch-opening component and the adaptive soil covering component; the adaptive soil covering component includes an L-shaped bracket. The vertical end of the L-shaped bracket is fixed to the frame through an elastic telescopic member. The other inclined end of the L-shaped bracket is hinged to the soil covering plate, and a tension spring is arranged between the vertical end of the L-shaped bracket and the upper end of the soil covering plate.

[0007] The working principle of this solution is that the frame moves under the drive of the traction device. The vertical ditching component digs a trench in the land, the fertilizer discharging component discharges fertilizer into the trench, and at the same time, the soil covering plate covers the soil on the trench back into the trench. During operation, under the action of the elastic telescopic component, the soil covering plate always keeps in contact with the ground, ensuring that the soil thrown out by ditching is covered into the trench. During the operation process, when the force borne by the soil covering plate increases sharply due to uneven ground or obstacles, the horizontal and vertical component forces received by the soil covering plate will respectively overcome the tension of the tension spring and the elastic force of the elastic telescopic component, causing the soil covering plate to move upward and rotate backward simultaneously to avoid damage to the soil covering plate and extend its service life.

[0008] Further, the elastic telescopic component is a square sleeve welded to the frame at one end. Vertical sliding grooves are provided on both side walls of the square sleeve. The vertical end of the L-shaped bracket is inserted into the square sleeve and fixed in the two vertical sliding grooves through pins. A compression spring is arranged between the top of the vertical end of the L-shaped bracket and the top of the sleeve. The L-shaped bracket is slidably arranged in the square sleeve through the vertical sliding grooves, and the soil covering plate always keeps in contact with the ground through the compression spring. At the same time, the compression spring provides an additional buffering and stabilizing function, reducing the impact force during the operation of the soil covering plate.

[0009] Further, a U-shaped opening is provided on the inclined end of the L-shaped bracket, and a connecting block is provided on the back side of the soil covering plate. The connecting block is hinged in the U-shaped opening through a pin, and the included angle between the soil covering plate and the horizontal plane in the non-working state is 20°. Hinging the soil covering plate through the U-shaped opening ensures that the soil covering plate can swing flexibly. When the soil covering plate is in the non-working state, the 20° included angle design with the horizontal plane is beneficial to reducing the resistance of the soil covering plate to cover the soil, improving the working efficiency, and reducing the wear of the soil covering plate at the same time.

[0010] Further, lifting lugs are provided on the vertical end of the L-shaped bracket and the upper end of the back side of the soil covering plate respectively. The two ends of the tension spring are fixed on the two lifting lugs respectively. Lifting lugs are provided on the upper ends of the L-shaped bracket and the soil covering plate respectively and are connected by a tension spring, which can provide a certain supporting force for the soil covering plate to make the soil covering plate form a certain angle with the ground. When the soil covering plate encounters obstacles or uneven ground, the soil covering plate can rotate against the elastic force to avoid rigid collision and extend the service life of the equipment.

[0011] Further, the vertical ditching component includes a rotating cutter shaft. The top of the rotating cutter shaft is in transmission connection with a motor fixed on the top of the frame, and the bottom end of the rotating cutter shaft is fixedly connected with a plurality of ditching milling cutters. The rotating cutter shaft is driven by the motor to achieve efficient ditching operation, ensuring the accuracy of the depth and width of the trench and improving the fertilizing and soil covering effects.

[0012] Further, one end of the output shaft of the motor is fixedly connected to the horizontal shaft of the commutator, and the vertical shaft of the commutator is fixedly connected to the rotary cutter shaft. The commutator can convert the horizontal movement of the motor into the vertical rotation of the rotary cutter shaft.

[0013] Further, a tool holder is fixed to the bottom end of the rotary cutter shaft, and a plurality of ditching and milling blades are circumferentially distributed and obliquely fixed to the tool holder. The inclined design of the blades helps to reduce resistance, improve the ditching efficiency, and at the same time prevent soil from accumulating on the blades.

[0014] Further, the bending angle of each ditching and milling blade is 20° - 22°, and the inclination angle of each ditching and milling blade is 30° - 33°. Setting the angles of the ditching and milling blades in this way is beneficial for the soil after milling to move upward along the blade surface under the action of centrifugal force and be thrown to one side of the ditch, and to reduce the resistance of milling the soil.

[0015] Further, the fertilizer discharging assembly includes a fertilizer box fixed to the frame. A fertilizer discharger is provided at the bottom opening of the fertilizer box, and the discharge port of the fertilizer discharger is communicated with a fertilizer discharging pipe. The fertilizer discharger is electrically driven and steplessly adjusted within a speed range of 0 - 180 r / min to adjust the fertilization amount according to actual needs.

[0016] Further, a bracket is welded to the top of the frame, and the fertilizer box is welded inside the bracket. The bracket improves the fixing strength between the fertilizer box and the frame.

[0017] The utility model discloses a fixed-depth ditching, fertilizing and soil covering machine, and its beneficial effects are as follows:

[0018] Due to the arrangement of the tension spring and the elastic telescopic member in the adaptive soil covering assembly of the utility model, when the soil covering plate bears a large force due to uneven ground or encountering obstacles, the component forces of the soil covering plate in the horizontal and vertical directions will respectively overcome the acting forces of the tension spring and the elastic telescopic member, causing the soil covering plate to move upward and rotate backward simultaneously, thereby avoiding damage to the soil covering plate and prolonging its service life. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the fixed-depth ditching, fertilizing and soil covering machine;

[0020] Figure 2 is a schematic internal structure diagram of the fixed-depth ditching, fertilizing and soil covering machine;

[0021] Figure 3 is a top view of the fixed-depth ditching, fertilizing and soil covering machine;

[0022] Figure 4 is a bottom view of the fixed-depth ditching, fertilizing and soil covering machine;

[0023] Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the ditching and milling blade;

[0024] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the adaptive soil covering component;

[0025] Among them: 1. Frame; 2. Vertical trenching component; 21. Motor; 22. Commutator; 23. Rotating cutter shaft; 24. Cutter seat; 25. Trenching milling cutter blade; 3. Adaptive soil covering component; 31. Square sleeve; 32. L-shaped bracket; 33. Tensile spring; 34. Soil covering plate; 4. Fertilizer discharging component; 41. Bracket; 42. Fertilizer box; 43. Fertilizer discharger; 44. Fertilizer discharging pipe. Specific embodiments

[0026] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described below to facilitate those skilled in the art of this technology to understand the present invention. However, it should be clear that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific embodiments. For those of ordinary skill in the art of this technology, as long as various changes are within the spirit and scope of the present invention defined and determined by the appended claims, these changes are obvious, and all utility models created using the concept of the present invention are within the scope of protection.

[0027] This embodiment provides a depth-fixed trenching, fertilizing and soil covering machine. Through the setting of the adaptive soil covering component 3, the position of the soil covering plate 34 can be automatically adjusted according to the ground conditions, avoiding uneven soil covering caused by uneven ground or obstacles, and prolonging the service life of the soil covering plate 34. It solves the problem that the service life of the soil covering plate 34 of the existing soil covering machine is reduced due to the inability to flexibly adjust the position.

[0028] Refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , a depth-fixed trenching, fertilizing and soil covering machine includes a frame 1, a vertical trenching component 2, an adaptive soil covering component 3 and a fertilizer discharging component 4.

[0029] Refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 , the frame 1 has a cuboid structure and is provided with an opening at the bottom for fixedly connecting with a traction device. The traction device in this embodiment can be a tractor.

[0030] The vertical trenching component 2 is fixed on the front end inside the opening at the bottom of the frame 1 for trenching.

[0031] The adaptive soil covering component 3 is fixed on the rear end inside the opening at the bottom of the frame 1 for covering the soil.

[0032] The fertilizer discharging assembly 4 includes a bracket 41 welded to the top of the frame 1. A fertilizer tank 42 is welded to the bracket 41. A fertilizer discharger 43 is arranged at the bottom opening of the fertilizer tank 42. The discharge port of the fertilizer discharger 43 is communicated with a fertilizer discharging pipe 44. The fertilizer discharger 43 is electrically driven and steplessly adjusted within a rotational speed range of 0 - 180 r / min to adjust the fertilization amount according to actual requirements.

[0033] Specifically, as the specific structure of the vertical trenching assembly 2, refer to Figure 2 and Figure 5 , the vertical trenching assembly 2 includes a rotating cutter shaft 23. The top end of the rotating cutter shaft 23 is in transmission connection with a motor 21 fixed to the top of the frame 1. The bottom end of the rotating cutter shaft 23 is fixedly connected with a plurality of trenching milling cutters 25. By driving the rotating cutter shaft 23 by the motor 21, efficient trenching operation can be realized, ensuring the accuracy of the depth and width of the trench and improving the fertilization and soil covering effects.

[0034] A tool holder 24 is fixed to the bottom end of the rotating cutter shaft 23. A plurality of trenching milling cutters 25 are circumferentially distributed and obliquely fixed to the tool holder 24. The inclined design of the cutters helps to reduce resistance, improve the trenching efficiency, and avoid soil accumulation on the cutters.

[0035] As the specific connection mode between the motor 21 and the rotating cutter shaft 23, one end of the output shaft of the motor 21 is fixedly connected with the horizontal shaft of a commutator 22, and the vertical shaft of the commutator 22 is fixedly connected with the rotating cutter shaft 23. The commutator 22 can convert the horizontal movement of the motor 21 into the vertical rotation of the rotating cutter shaft 23.

[0036] In this embodiment, the bending angle of each trenching milling cutter 25 is 20° - 22°, preferably 21.7°, and the inclination angle of each trenching milling cutter 25 is 30° - 33°, preferably 32.5°. By setting the angles of the trenching milling cutters 25 in this way, it is beneficial for the soil after milling to move upward along the surface of the cutters under the action of centrifugal force and be thrown to one side of the trench, and reduce the resistance of milling the soil.

[0037] Specifically, as the specific structure of the adaptive soil covering assembly 3, refer to Figure 2 and Figure 6 , the adaptive soil covering assembly 3 includes an L-shaped bracket 32. The vertical end of the L-shaped bracket 32 is fixed to the frame 1 through an elastic telescopic member. The other inclined end of the L-shaped bracket 32 is hinged to a soil covering plate 34, and a tension spring 33 is arranged between the vertical end of the L-shaped bracket 32 and the upper end of the soil covering plate 34.

[0038] As a specific connection method of the tension spring 33, lugs are provided at both the vertical end of the L-shaped bracket 32 and the upper end of the back side of the soil covering plate 34. The two ends of the tension spring 33 are respectively fixed on the two lugs. The L-shaped bracket 32 and the upper end of the soil covering plate 34 are respectively provided with lugs and are connected by the tension spring 33, which can provide a certain supporting force for the soil covering plate 34, so that the soil covering plate 34 forms a certain angle with the ground. When the soil covering plate 34 encounters an obstacle or uneven ground, the soil covering plate 34 can rotate against the elastic force to avoid rigid collision and extend the service life of the equipment.

[0039] In this embodiment, the elastic telescopic member is a square sleeve 31 welded to the frame 1 at one end. Vertical chutes are provided on both side walls of the square sleeve 31. The vertical end of the L-shaped bracket 32 is inserted into the square sleeve 31 and fixed in the two vertical chutes by pins. A compression spring is provided between the top of the vertical end of the L-shaped bracket 32 and the top of the sleeve. The L-shaped bracket 32 is slidably arranged in the square sleeve 31 through the vertical chute, and the soil covering plate 34 is always kept in contact with the ground by the compression spring. At the same time, the compression spring provides an additional buffering and stabilizing function, reducing the impact force during the operation of the soil covering plate 34.

[0040] As a specific hinge structure method between the L-shaped bracket 32 and the soil covering plate 34, a U-shaped opening is provided at the inclined end of the L-shaped bracket 32, and a connecting block is provided on the back side of the soil covering plate 34. The connecting block is hinged in the U-shaped opening by a pin, and the included angle between the soil covering plate 34 and the horizontal plane in the non-working state is 20°. Hinging through the U-shaped opening ensures that the soil covering plate 34 can swing flexibly. When the soil covering plate 34 is in the non-working state, the 20° included angle design with the horizontal plane is beneficial to reducing the resistance of the soil covering plate 34 to cover the soil, improving the working efficiency, and reducing the wear of the soil covering plate 34 at the same time.

[0041] In summary, the working principle of this solution is as follows:

[0042] The frame 1 moves under the drive of the traction device. The vertical ditching assembly 2 digs a groove in the land. The fertilizer discharging assembly 4 discharges the fertilizer into the groove. At the same time, the soil covering plate 34 covers the soil on the groove back into the groove. During the operation, under the action of the elastic telescopic member, the soil covering plate 34 is always kept in contact with the ground to ensure that the soil thrown out by ditching is covered into the ditch. During the operation, when the force borne by the soil covering plate 34 increases sharply due to uneven ground or obstacles, the horizontal and vertical component forces received by the soil covering plate 34 will respectively overcome the tension of the tension spring 33 and the elastic force of the elastic telescopic member, so that the soil covering plate 34 moves upward and rotates backward at the same time to avoid damage to the soil covering plate 34 and extend the service life.

[0043] Although the specific embodiments of the utility model have been described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of protection of this patent. Within the scope described in the claims, various modifications and variations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative efforts still fall within the scope of protection of this patent.

Claims

1. A fixed depth trenching and fertilizing soil covering machine, characterized in that: The machine comprises a frame (1), the bottom of the frame (1) is provided with an opening, and a vertical ditching assembly (2) and an adaptive soil covering assembly (3) for ditching are respectively provided at the front and rear ends of the frame (1) in the opening, and a fertilizer discharge assembly (4) fixed on the frame (1) is provided between the vertical ditching assembly (2) and the adaptive soil covering assembly (3); The adaptive soil covering component (3) comprises an L-shaped bracket (32), the vertical end of the L-shaped bracket (32) is fixed to the frame (1) via an elastic telescopic member, the other inclined end of the L-shaped bracket (32) is hinged to the soil covering plate (34), and a tension spring (33) is provided between the vertical end of the L-shaped bracket (32) and the upper end of the soil covering plate (34).

2. The fixed-depth trenching and fertilizing soil covering machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The elastic telescopic member is a square sleeve (31) with one end welded to the frame (1), and vertical slide grooves are provided on both side walls of the square sleeve (31). The vertical end of the L-shaped bracket (32) is inserted into the square sleeve (31) and fixed in the two vertical slide grooves by pins, and a compression spring is provided between the top of the vertical end of the L-shaped bracket (32) and the top of the sleeve.

3. The fixed-depth trenching and fertilizing soil covering machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A U-shaped opening is provided on the inclined end of the L-shaped bracket (32), a connecting block is provided on the back side of the covering plate (34), the connecting block is hingedly arranged in the U-shaped opening through a pin, and the angle between the covering plate (34) and the horizontal plane in a non-working state is 20°.

4. The fixed-depth trenching and fertilizing soil covering machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The vertical end of the L-shaped bracket (32) and the upper end of the back side of the covering plate (34) are both provided with lifting ears, and the two ends of the tension spring (33) are respectively fixed on the two lifting ears.

5. The fixed-depth trenching and fertilizing soil covering machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vertical trenching assembly (2) comprises a rotating cutter shaft (23), the top end of the rotating cutter shaft (23) is drivingly connected to a motor (21) fixed on the top of the frame (1), and the bottom end of the rotating cutter shaft (23) is fixedly connected to a plurality of trenching milling blades (25).

6. The fixed-depth trenching and fertilizing soil covering machine according to claim 5 is characterized in that: One end of the output shaft of the motor (21) is fixedly connected to the horizontal axis of the commutator (22), and the vertical axis of the commutator (22) is fixedly connected to the rotating knife shaft (23).

7. The fixed-depth trenching and fertilizing soil covering machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: A tool seat (24) is fixed on the bottom end of the rotating tool shaft (23), and a plurality of grooving milling blades (25) are distributed in a circumference and are obliquely fixed on the tool seat (24).

8. The fixed-depth trenching and fertilizing soil covering machine according to claim 7, characterized in that: The bending angle of each of the grooving milling blades (25) is 20° to 22°, and the inclination angle of each of the grooving milling blades (25) is 30° to 33°.

9. The fixed-depth trenching and fertilizing soil covering machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fertilizer discharge assembly (4) comprises a fertilizer box (42) fixed on the frame (1); a fertilizer discharger (43) is provided at the bottom opening of the fertilizer box (42); and a discharge port of the fertilizer discharger (43) is connected to a fertilizer discharge pipe (44).

10. The fixed-depth trenching and fertilizing soil covering machine according to claim 9, characterized in that: A bracket (41) is welded to the top of the frame (1), and the fertilizer box (42) is welded inside the bracket (41).

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