Data collection system based on mountain torrent disaster prevention and control construction

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of electronic information, in particular to a construction data collection system based on mountain torrent disaster prevention and control. The system comprises a data acquisition unit, a communication unit and a remote terminal unit used for carrying out primary data processing and packaging on the data acquisition unit, the remote terminal unit comprises a power interface, a plurality of sensor interfaces, a multi-core processor and a terminal shell, and the multi-core processor is connected with the power interface and the sensor interfaces respectively. The sensor interface is provided with an overvoltage protection component and a filtering component which are used for analog quantity input, a signal pin of the sensor interface is provided with an electrostatic protection component, the input end of the power supply interface is provided with a voltage suppression component, and the communication unit comprises a baseband chip, a radio frequency chip and a signal conditioning component. According to the utility model, the influence of interference and abnormal voltage on data acquisition can be effectively reduced, and the accuracy and reliability of acquired rainfall, water level, soil humidity and other data are ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of electronic information technology, and in particular to a construction data collection system based on mountain flood disaster prevention and control. Background Technique

[0002] In the prior art, in the work of mountain flood disaster prevention and control, it is of extremely important significance to collect and transmit relevant data in a timely and accurate manner. Mountain floods are sudden and destructive natural disasters, and their occurrence is often rapid and difficult to predict. If accurate and comprehensive relevant data cannot be obtained within a short time, it is difficult to take effective countermeasures. Timely data collection means being able to obtain key information such as rainfall, river water level, soil humidity, and mountain body displacement at the first time. For example, real-time rainfall data can enable relevant departments to quickly judge the rainfall intensity and the risk level of possible mountain floods, and quickly master the changes in the river water level, so as to know in advance the rising trend of the flood and the possible inundation range.

[0003] However, there are many problems in the actual application of traditional data collection systems. When the data acquisition unit collects data such as rainfall, water level, and soil humidity, due to the lack of effective overvoltage protection measures, when there is an instantaneous high voltage, it is easy to damage the sensitive components inside the sensor, resulting in data acquisition interruption or errors. The filtering design is not perfect, and various frequency interference signals cannot be effectively filtered, making the collected data have noise and affecting the accuracy of the data. The electrostatic protection is insufficient. In a dry environment or when static electricity accumulates, electrostatic discharge may damage the circuit of the sensor, resulting in abnormal data acquisition. In addition, common simple power protection circuits are difficult to cope with complex voltage fluctuations and surges. For example, in thunderstorm weather or when the power grid is unstable, instantaneous high-voltage pulses may occur, causing damage to the power module, and then affecting the normal operation of the entire system. During the data transmission process, the signal is prone to distortion and attenuation, resulting in insufficient signal strength or excessive noise in the transmitted signal, reducing the speed and stability of data transmission. At present, a construction data collection system based on mountain flood disaster prevention and control is needed. Summary of the Utility Model

[0004] In order to solve the problems of poor stability of the data collection system and easy distortion and attenuation of the transmitted signal, the utility model provides a construction data collection system based on mountain flood disaster prevention and control.

[0005] A construction data collection system based on mountain flood disaster prevention and control provided by the utility model adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A data collection system based on mountain flood disaster prevention and control construction includes;

[0007] A data acquisition unit, a communication unit, and a remote terminal unit for preliminarily processing and encapsulating data of the data acquisition unit. The data acquisition unit is connected to the remote terminal unit through a data line, and the remote terminal unit sends data to a server through the communication unit;

[0008] The remote terminal unit includes a power interface, multiple sensor interfaces, a multi-core processor, and a terminal housing. The multi-core processor is respectively connected to the power interface and the sensor interfaces. The sensor interfaces are provided with overvoltage protection components and filtering components for analog input. The signal pins of the sensor interfaces are provided with electrostatic protection components. The input end of the power interface is provided with a voltage suppression component. The terminal housing is used for encapsulating the power interface, the sensor interfaces, and the multi-core processor. The communication unit includes a baseband chip, a radio frequency chip, and a signal conditioning component. The baseband chip is connected to the radio frequency chip for converting baseband signals and radio frequency signals. The output signal of the radio frequency chip is sent to the server through the signal conditioning component.

[0009] Further, the overvoltage protection component includes a voltage reference chip, a comparator, and an electronic switch. The voltage reference chip provides a stable reference voltage. The input ports of the comparator are respectively connected to the voltage reference chip and the sensor interface for comparing the sensor signal voltage input by the sensor interface with the reference voltage. The output end of the comparator is connected to the control end of the electronic signal.

[0010] Further, the filtering component includes a low-pass filter composed of a resistor and a capacitor. The resistor is connected in series to the signal line in the sensor interface. One end of the capacitor is connected to the connection point of the resistor and the signal line, and the other end of the capacitor is grounded.

[0011] Further, the electrostatic protection component includes an ESD diode connected in parallel between the signal pin of the sensor interface and the ground.

[0012] Further, the voltage suppression component includes a TVS diode. The anode of the TVS diode is connected to the negative pole of the power interface, and the cathode of the TVS diode is connected to the positive pole of the power interface.

[0013] Further, the voltage suppression component further includes a π-type filter composed of an inductor and multiple capacitors. The inductor is connected in series to the power line, and the capacitors are respectively connected between the power line and the ground.

[0014] Further, the signal conditioning component includes a power amplifier and a filter. The filter is connected to the output end of the radio frequency signal, and the output end of the filter is connected to the power amplifier.

[0015] Further, the signal input end of the baseband chip is connected to the multi-core processor of the remote terminal unit through a data bus, and the output signal of the baseband chip is processed by a radio frequency chip and a signal conditioning component and then sent to the server in the form of a 4G signal by an antenna.

[0016] Further, the terminal housing is internally provided with thermal conductive silica gel and heat sinks, the sensor interface mounting points of the terminal housing are provided with waterproof sealing rings, and the joints of the terminal housing are sealed with sealing strips.

[0017] Further, the data acquisition unit includes a rain gauge, a water level gauge, and a soil humidity sensor, and the rain gauge, the water level gauge, and the soil humidity sensor are all connected to the sensor interface of the remote terminal unit through signal lines.

[0018] In summary, the utility model has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0019] 1. Through the overvoltage protection, filtering, and electrostatic protection designs for the sensor interface, the utility model can effectively reduce the influence of interference and abnormal voltage on data acquisition, and ensure the accuracy and reliability of the collected data such as rainfall, water level, and soil humidity.

[0020] 2. By adopting the voltage suppression and filtering designs for the power interface and the good protection performance of the terminal housing, the utility model can protect the internal components from voltage fluctuations, electromagnetic interference, and harsh environments, extend the service life of the system, and reduce the maintenance cost.

[0021] 3. Through the collaborative work of the communication unit including the baseband chip, the radio frequency chip, and the signal conditioning component, the utility model can achieve stable data transmission, ensure that the server obtains data in a timely and accurate manner. In addition, the terminal housing is internally provided with thermal conductive silica gel and heat sinks, which can increase the adaptability of the system in complex environments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 is the overall structural connection schematic diagram of a construction data collection system based on mountain flood disaster prevention and control according to an embodiment of the utility model.

[0023] Figure 2 is the structural connection schematic diagram of the remote terminal unit in a construction data collection system based on mountain flood disaster prevention and control according to an embodiment of the utility model.

[0024] Figure 3 is the structural schematic diagram of the communication unit in a construction data collection system based on mountain flood disaster prevention and control according to an embodiment of the utility model.

[0025] Figure 4 is the structural diagram of the terminal housing of the remote terminal unit according to an embodiment of the utility model.

[0026] Among them, 1. Communication interface; 2. First sensor interface; 3. Second sensor interface; 4. Sealing strip; 5. Power supply interface; 6. Sealing ring. Specific implementation mode

[0027] The following further elaborates on the present utility model in conjunction with the attached drawings.

[0028] Embodiment 1

[0029] Referring to Figure 1 , a construction data set collection system based on mountain flood disaster prevention and control in this embodiment includes:

[0030] A data acquisition unit, a communication unit, and a remote terminal unit for preliminarily processing and encapsulating data of the data acquisition unit. The data acquisition unit is connected to the remote terminal unit through a data line, and the remote terminal unit sends data to the server through the communication unit;

[0031] The remote terminal unit includes a power supply interface, multiple sensor interfaces, a multi-core processor, and a terminal housing. The multi-core processor is respectively connected to the power supply interface and the sensor interface. The sensor interface is provided with an overvoltage protection component and a filtering component for analog input, and the signal pins of the sensor interface are provided with an electrostatic protection component. The input end of the power supply interface is provided with a voltage suppression component. The terminal housing is used for encapsulating the power supply interface, the sensor interface, and the multi-core processor. The communication unit includes a baseband chip, a radio frequency chip, and a signal conditioning component. The baseband chip is connected to the radio frequency chip to perform the conversion between baseband signals and radio frequency signals, and the output signal of the radio frequency chip is sent to the server through the signal conditioning component.

[0032] Specifically,

[0033] As Figure 1 shown, this embodiment provides a data set collection system for mountain flood disaster prevention and control. This system mainly consists of a data acquisition unit, a remote terminal unit (RTU), and a communication unit. The data acquisition unit includes a rain gauge, a water level gauge, and a soil humidity sensor. The rain gauge adopts a tipping bucket structure and can accurately measure rainfall; the water level gauge is a pressure type and can real-time feedback the change of river water level; the soil humidity sensor is based on the capacitance principle and can accurately sense the soil humidity condition. There is no limitation on the specific model of the above sensors. For sensors with analog output, they are connected to the analog input (AI) interface of the RTU through shielded cables. If it is a sensor with digital output, appropriate data cables are used to connect to the digital input (DI) interface of the RTU.

[0034] For the multi-core processor in the remote terminal unit, an ARM Cortex-A series processor is adopted. The multi-core processor contains multiple independent processing cores inside, and each core can execute instructions and process data independently. These cores cooperate with each other through shared resources such as caches, memory controllers, and buses. The multi-core processor receives data collected by various sensors (such as rain gauges, water level gauges, etc.) from the sensor interface, integrates and preliminarily processes this data from different sources and in different formats to make it a unified and standardized data format, compresses and encodes the data to reduce the amount of data and improve the transmission efficiency, and then transmits the processed data to the baseband chip of the communication unit for the next operation.

[0035] As Figure 2 shown, at the sensor interface, in order to ensure the accuracy and stability of the analog input signal, an overvoltage protection component, a filtering component, and an electrostatic protection component are set. The overvoltage protection component consists of a voltage reference chip, a comparator, and an electronic switch. The voltage reference chip provides a constant and accurate stable reference voltage. The comparator compares the input sensor signal voltage with this reference voltage in real time. When the input voltage exceeds the preset threshold, it means that an overvoltage situation has occurred, and the comparator will quickly output a control signal. This control signal acts on the electronic switch to make it conduct. Among them, the electronic switch uses a field effect transistor. The gate of the field effect transistor is connected to the output terminal of the comparator, the source is grounded, and the drain is connected to the input signal. Under normal circumstances, the comparator outputs a low level, the field effect transistor is cut off, and the input signal passes through the drain normally. When an overvoltage occurs, the comparator outputs a high level, the field effect transistor conducts, and the input signal is short-circuited from the drain directly to the source (i.e., grounded). Thus, the input signal is short-circuited to the ground. In this way, the excessive voltage will not be transmitted to the subsequent circuit, protecting the circuit components from overvoltage damage. For example, the overvoltage threshold is set to 6V. When due to some abnormal situation, such as lightning induction, the input voltage instantaneously rises to 7V, the comparator will detect this voltage exceeding 6V and immediately output a control signal to make the electronic switch conduct, short-circuiting the excessive voltage to the ground to prevent the backend circuit from being damaged.

[0036] The filtering component is a low-pass filter composed of resistors and capacitors. The resistor is connected in series on the sensor signal line, playing a role in current limiting and a certain voltage dividing. One end of the capacitor is connected to the connection point of the resistor and the sensor signal line, and the other end is grounded. For high-frequency noise signals, the capacitor presents a low impedance and bypasses them to the ground. For useful low-frequency analog signals, the capacitor presents a high impedance, enabling them to pass through smoothly, thus achieving the purpose of filtering out high-frequency noise and retaining useful low-frequency signals.

[0037] In addition, the sensor interface is divided into a differential-input sensor interface and a non-differential-input sensor interface. An ESD diode is connected in parallel between a common sensor pin (non-differential input) and ground. When the pin is subjected to an electrostatic shock, the ESD diode will conduct rapidly, quickly discharging the electrostatic charge to ground and preventing the electrostatic from damaging the circuit. For the differential-input sensor interface, an ESD protection diode is connected between the positive pin and ground and between the negative pin and ground respectively to ensure effective protection whether the positive pin or the negative pin is subjected to an electrostatic shock.

[0038] A voltage suppression component is provided at the input end of the power interface 5. Among them, the TVS diode is an electronic component used to protect the circuit from transient high voltages. When a transient high voltage higher than its normal operating voltage appears at the power interface, the cathode and anode of the TVS diode will conduct rapidly because the voltage across its two ends exceeds the breakdown voltage of the TVS diode at this time, and the current will flow from the cathode to the anode through the TVS diode, bypassing the excess energy to ground and clamping the excess voltage at a safe value, thereby protecting the backend circuit. Its anode is connected to the negative pole of the power interface, and its cathode is connected to the positive pole of the power interface. In addition, a π-type filter composed of an inductor and multiple capacitors. The inductor is connected in series on the power line and presents a high impedance to high-frequency voltage fluctuations, playing a role in suppressing high-frequency noise. The capacitors are respectively connected between the power line and ground, forming a low-impedance path for high-frequency noise and bypassing it to ground, thereby achieving a filtering effect. For example, when the nearby power transformer switches the load, it will introduce high-frequency interference on the power line. The inductance value is 1 mH, and the two capacitors are 0.01 μF and 10 μF respectively. For high-frequency interference above 100 kHz, the inductor presents a high impedance and blocks it from passing through; at the same time, the two capacitors respectively form low-impedance paths for high-frequency noise in different frequency bands and bypass the noise to ground, providing 220V power to the RTU and providing a stable power voltage to the backend circuit. Finally, the power interface, the sensor interface, and the multi-core processor are encapsulated by the terminal housing. The heat-conducting silicone and heat sink built into the terminal housing can effectively conduct the heat generated by the internal components. The heat-conducting silicone has good heat-conducting performance and can fill the tiny gaps between the heat-generating components and the housing to ensure that the heat can be quickly transferred to the heat sink. The heat sink is usually made of a metal material and has a large surface area, which can increase the contact with the surrounding air and thus dissipate the heat to the environment. The terminal housing is provided with installation points for various types of sensor interfaces, including the first sensor interface 2, the second sensor interface 3, and the sensor interface not marked in the figure. A waterproof sealing ring is provided at the sensor interface installation point, which can prevent moisture from seeping into the interior of the terminal housing at the interface. The sealing ring is usually made of a material with elasticity and water resistance, such as rubber or silicone. When the sensor is connected to the interface, the sealing ring 6 is squeezed to form a tight seal, effectively preventing moisture from entering even in a humid or rainy environment, such asFigure 4 As shown, the splicing joint of the terminal housing is sealed with a sealing strip 4, which further enhances the overall sealing performance. The sealing strip can be a continuous rubber strip or silicone strip and is installed in the groove at the splicing joint. When the housing is spliced together, the sealing strip 4 is compressed to fill the gap at the splicing joint, preventing dust, moisture and other impurities from entering the interior of the housing and protecting the internal electronic components from the external environment.

[0039] As Figure 3 shown, the baseband chip is the core processing unit for communication. The multi-core processor of the remote terminal unit transmits data to the baseband chip through the communication interface 1. The main function of the baseband chip is to encode, modulate and process these digital data and convert them into baseband signals suitable for transmission in the wireless channel. The radio frequency chip is connected to the baseband chip, and its function is to convert the baseband signal output by the baseband chip into a radio frequency signal. The radio frequency signal has a relatively high frequency and can propagate in the air in the form of electromagnetic waves. The radio frequency signal output by the radio frequency chip cannot be directly transmitted over a long distance. Therefore, it needs to be processed by the signal conditioning component. The filter in the signal conditioning component is first connected to the output end of the radio frequency signal. The function of the filter is to remove the clutter and interference components in the radio frequency signal and only allow the useful signals in a specific frequency band to pass through, thereby improving the quality and purity of the signal. The radio frequency signal after filtering then enters the power amplifier. The function of the power amplifier is to amplify the radio frequency signal and enhance its power so that it has enough energy to overcome attenuation and loss during long-distance transmission and finally reach the server. The output signal processed by the baseband chip is converted into a radio frequency signal by the radio frequency chip, and then undergoes processing such as filtering by the filter and amplification by the power amplifier, and is sent out in the form of 4G signals by the antenna. After the server receives these 4G signals, it performs corresponding demodulation, decoding and other processing to restore the original data for further analysis and application.

[0040] The above are all the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby. Therefore, all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A data collection system based on flash flood disaster prevention and control construction, characterized in that: include: A data collection unit, a communication unit and a remote terminal unit for performing preliminary data processing and packaging on the data collection unit, wherein the data collection unit is connected to the remote terminal unit via a data line, and the remote terminal unit sends data to the server via the communication unit; The remote terminal unit includes a power interface, multiple sensor interfaces, a multi-core processor and a terminal shell. The multi-core processor is connected to the power interface and the sensor interface respectively. The sensor interface is provided with an overvoltage protection component and a filtering component for analog input. The signal pin of the sensor interface is provided with an electrostatic protection component. The input end of the power interface is provided with a voltage suppression component. The terminal shell is used for encapsulating the power interface, the sensor interface and the multi-core processor. The communication unit includes a baseband chip, a radio frequency chip and a signal conditioning component. The baseband chip is connected to the radio frequency chip to convert baseband signals and radio frequency signals. The output signal of the radio frequency chip is sent to the server through the signal conditioning component.

2. A data collection system based on flash flood disaster prevention and control construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The overvoltage protection component includes a voltage reference chip, a comparator and an electronic switch. The voltage reference chip provides a stable reference voltage. The input port of the comparator is respectively connected to the voltage reference chip and the sensor interface for comparing the sensor signal voltage input by the sensor interface with the reference voltage. The output end of the comparator is connected to the control end of the electronic signal.

3. A data collection system based on flash flood disaster prevention and control construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filtering component comprises a low-pass filter composed of a resistor and a capacitor, wherein the resistor is connected in series to a signal line in the sensor interface, one end of the capacitor is connected to a connection point between the resistor and the signal line, and the other end of the capacitor is grounded.

4. A data collection system based on flash flood disaster prevention and control construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrostatic protection component includes an ESD diode connected in parallel between a signal pin of the sensor interface and ground.

5. A data collection system based on flash flood disaster prevention and control construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The voltage suppression component comprises a TVS diode, an anode of the TVS diode is connected to a negative electrode of the power interface, and a cathode of the TVS diode is connected to a positive electrode of the power interface.

6. A data collection system based on flash flood disaster prevention and control construction according to claim 5, characterized in that: The voltage suppression component further includes a π-type filter composed of an inductor and a plurality of capacitors, wherein the inductor is connected in series to the power line, and the capacitors are respectively connected between the power line and the ground.

7. A data collection system based on flash flood disaster prevention and control construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The signal conditioning component comprises a power amplifier and a filter. The filter is connected to the output end of the radio frequency signal, and the output end of the filter is connected to the power amplifier.

8. The data collection system based on flash flood disaster prevention and control construction according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The signal input end of the baseband chip is connected to the multi-core processor of the remote terminal unit through a data bus, and the output signal of the baseband chip is processed by the radio frequency chip and the signal conditioning component and sent to the server by the antenna in the form of a 4G signal.

9. A data collection system based on flash flood disaster prevention and control construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The terminal shell has built-in thermal conductive silica gel and a heat sink, a sensor interface installation point of the terminal shell is provided with a waterproof sealing ring, and the joint of the terminal shell is sealed with a sealing strip.

10. A data collection system based on flash flood disaster prevention and control construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data acquisition unit comprises a rain gauge, a water level gauge and a soil moisture sensor, and the rain gauge, the water level gauge and the soil moisture sensor are all connected to the sensor interface of the remote terminal unit through a signal line.

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