Multifunctional measuring weir

Abstract

The utility model provides a multifunctional measuring weir which comprises a rectangular canal main body, and the rectangular canal main body is sequentially provided with an upstream splayed wall, an interflow filtering and precipitating structure, an interflow and surface runoff diversion structure, a static well device and a measuring weir plate from upstream to downstream. The surface water measuring weir has the beneficial effects that all the components fully refer to the construction specification of the measuring weir, the structure is unique, and based on the basic functions of the surface water measuring weir and according to the respective characteristics of interflow and surface runoff, the functions of filtering, precipitating and shunting are added, so that a common measuring weir has the capacity of measuring the interflow, and the measuring accuracy is improved. And common online monitoring of the interflow and the surface runoff is realized, and a new technical support is provided for researching the interflow.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of weirs, and particularly to a multi-functional weir. Background Art

[0002] Subsurface flow is an important part of the soil water cycle. Understanding the generation and migration process of subsurface flow helps to rationally manage and utilize water resources. Studying subsurface flow can help us better predict and evaluate the groundwater recharge amount, providing a scientific basis for agricultural irrigation, urban water supply, etc. At the same time, the study of subsurface flow also plays an important role in soil erosion research, ecological environment protection, water quality protection, etc. At present, the research on subsurface flow in the industry is mostly limited to regularly collecting water samples on-site and bringing them back to the laboratory for research, which can only achieve the phased monitoring of subsurface flow and cannot achieve the continuous monitoring of subsurface flow.

[0003] A weir is a water-crossing structure specifically built for conducting flow measurement, which can be used to control the upstream water level and measure the flow rate. It can convert the measured water level value into the flow rate passing through the weir trough according to the corresponding flow formula, and it is generally used to monitor surface runoff.

[0004] When studying subsurface flow, there is also a need to measure surface runoff. If a weir that can not only measure surface runoff but also measure subsurface flow can be designed to provide continuous data monitoring for research, it is of great significance for the study of subsurface flow. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To solve the above problems, the present invention discloses a multi-functional weir, which can simultaneously monitor subsurface flow and surface runoff. It not only has the function of filtering and collecting subsurface flow, but also can separately introduce subsurface flow and surface runoff into different weir troughs, and then simultaneously use high-precision water level gauges for real-time monitoring, so as to realize the online monitoring of the flow rate of subsurface flow.

[0006] The specific scheme is as follows:

[0007] A multi-functional weir, characterized in that it includes a rectangular channel body main body, and the rectangular channel body main body is successively provided with an upstream splayed wall, a subsurface flow filtering and sedimentation structure, a subsurface flow and surface runoff diversion structure, a stilling well device and a weir plate from upstream to downstream. The rectangular channel body main body is a rectangular channel arranged in the direction of the water flow, and it is divided into a filtering, sedimentation and diversion channel section, an approach channel section and a tailrace channel section from upstream to downstream. The filtering, sedimentation and diversion channel section is provided with a subsurface flow filtering and sedimentation structure and a subsurface flow and surface runoff diversion structure; among them, the approach channel section and the tailrace channel section are provided with dividing walls for separating subsurface flow and surface runoff to respectively form a subsurface flow approach channel and a surface runoff approach channel; a weir plate is installed at the end of the approach channel section for separating it from the tailrace channel section; the stilling well device is installed in the approach channel section.

[0008] As a further improvement of the present invention, a cover plate is installed on the near-channel of the subsurface flow to form a buried channel, and no cover plate is installed on the near-channel of the surface water flow to form an open channel; the cover plate is divided into two parts: an upstream cover plate and a downstream cover plate. The upstream cover plate is a concrete cover plate with a length not exceeding 50 cm, and the downstream cover plate is a steel cover plate. The end length of the steel cover plate exceeds the open channel by not less than 5 cm, and the width exceeds the outer side of the open channel wall by not less than 5 cm.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present invention, the bottom length of the tail water channel section is greater than the water tongue extension length by 10 cm to prevent the water tongue from dropping and impacting the riverbed.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention, the upstream flared wall is used to control the water flow into the water measuring weir. It is composed of two symmetrically arranged walls, and the front end of the wall is inclined outward.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present invention, the subsurface flow filtration and sedimentation structure is used to block and sediment the sediment in the subsurface flow. It is a filtration sedimentation tank to prevent the upstream riverbed from collapsing due to sand-carrying in the water flow. Starting from the contact surface with the soil upstream, three kinds of filtering materials, namely, an anti-rust filter net, small stones, and large stones, are arranged in sequence. Among them, the anti-rust filter net is used to fix the sediment in the soil, the small stones are used to further filter the sediment, and the large stones are used to fix the small stones and sediment the sediment in the water.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present invention, the subsurface flow and surface runoff diversion structure is used to divert the surface water and subsurface flow and then introduce them into the near-channel of the surface water flow and the near-channel of the subsurface flow respectively. It is composed of a retaining wall and a top cover above the filtration sedimentation tank. The top cover is cast with concrete with a thickness ≥ 10 cm. The upstream end of the top cover is horizontally cast with the bottom of the incoming water riverbed, and the downstream end is flush with the lower edge of the surface runoff drop inlet of the retaining wall; the top cover is used to isolate the surface runoff and subsurface flow and introduce the surface runoff into the corresponding near-channel; the retaining wall separates the filtration sedimentation tank from the two near-channels and cooperates with the top cover for diversion; the cross-section of the retaining wall is divided into a subsurface flow functional area and a surface runoff functional area. The wall of the subsurface flow functional area is at the same height as the channel wall of the near-channel section. Permeable holes are opened at the position below the top cover in the lower half of the wall to introduce the water flow in the filtration sedimentation tank into the near-channel of the subsurface flow; the wall height of the surface runoff functional area is lower than the channel wall of the near-channel section, and the top is flush with the upper surface of the top cover to introduce the water flow into the near-channel of the surface water flow.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, the stilling well device includes two sets of stilling wells, which are respectively installed on the sides of the near-channel of the surface water flow and the near-channel of the subsurface flow, and magnetostrictive water level gauges for monitoring the water levels of the two water bodies are installed. The stilling well is a right-angle elbow pipe. The vertical pipe close to the outer side of the channel wall of the near-channel section is used to install the water level gauge, and its height is greater than the water level variation range and is matched with the magnetic rod of the water level gauge; the horizontal pipe at the bottom is used to connect the water level at the bottom of the near-channel.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present invention, the weir plate includes a surface water weir plate and a subsurface flow weir plate. The subsurface flow weir plate is a triangular weir, and the angle of the triangular notch is not greater than 30°.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: Each component fully refers to the construction specifications of the weir. The structure is unique. Based on the basic function of the surface water weir, and according to the respective characteristics of subsurface flow and surface runoff, the functions of filtration, sedimentation, and diversion are added, enabling an ordinary weir to have the ability to measure subsurface flow, realizing the simultaneous online monitoring of subsurface flow and surface runoff, and providing new technical support for the study of subsurface flow. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a top view of a multifunctional weir of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of a multifunctional weir in the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 It is a vertical sectional view of the retaining wall in the present invention.

[0019] Figure 4 It is a vertical sectional view of the sedimentation tank in the present invention.

[0020] Figure 5 It is a structural diagram of the stilling well in the present invention.

[0021] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the surface water weir plate.

[0022] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the subsurface flow weir plate.

[0023] LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS:

[0024] 1 - Dividing wall, 2 - Approach channel for subsurface flow, 3 - Approach channel for surface water, 4 - Weir plate, 5 - Upstream cover plate, 6 - Downstream cover plate, 7 - Splayed wall, 8 - Filter sedimentation tank, 9 - Rust-proof filter net, 10 - Retaining wall, 11 - Top paving, 12 - Permeable hole, 13 - Stilling well. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0025] The following further clarifies the present invention in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the following specific embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and not to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0026] As shown in the figure, the present invention provides a weir that can simultaneously monitor subsurface flow and surface runoff, including a rectangular channel body, and, starting from the upstream, an upstream splayed wall, a subsurface flow filtration and sedimentation structure, a subsurface flow and surface runoff diversion structure (including a top paving and a retaining wall), a stilling well device, and a weir plate 4 are arranged in sequence.

[0027] In this embodiment, the channel body is a rectangular channel arranged along the water flow direction and serves as the carrier for other structures of this flow measurement weir. The channel body is divided into three parts from upstream: the filtration and sedimentation and diversion channel section, the approach channel section, and the tailwater channel section. The filtration and sedimentation and diversion channel section is provided with a subsurface flow filtration and sedimentation structure and a subsurface flow and surface runoff diversion structure; no dividing wall is provided in the filtration and sedimentation and diversion channel section, while dividing walls 1 are provided in the approach channel section and the tailwater channel section to separate the subsurface flow and the surface runoff, respectively forming a subsurface flow approach channel 2 and a surface water approach channel 3; a flow measurement weir plate is installed at the end of the approach channel section to separate it from the tailwater channel section; the stilling wells are installed on both sides of the approach channel section upstream of the weir plate, and the installation positions are determined according to relevant specifications.

[0028] In this embodiment, to improve the measurement accuracy of the subsurface flow and prevent precipitation from falling into the subsurface flow channel, the subsurface flow channel needs to be covered with a cover plate. The cover plate is divided into an upstream cover plate 5 and a downstream cover plate 6. The upstream cover plate is a concrete cover plate not longer than 50 cm; for convenient maintenance, the downstream cover plate is made of a steel cover plate. At the same time, to prevent precipitation, the steel cover plate extends not less than 5 cm beyond the open channel and its width extends not less than 5 cm beyond the outer side of the open channel wall.

[0029] In this embodiment, to protect the downstream riverbed, the length of the bottom of the tailwater channel is greater than the water tongue extension length by 10 cm to prevent the water tongue from falling and impacting the riverbed.

[0030] In this embodiment, the upstream flared wall is a control structure for the inlet of the flow measurement weir, which is used to control the water flow into the flow measurement weir. It is composed of two symmetrically arranged walls 7, and the front ends of the walls are inclined outward. The design and layout of the flared wall can guide the water flow into the measurement area of the flow measurement weir and play the role of reducing the water flow velocity and diverting the flow.

[0031] In this embodiment, the subsurface flow filtration and sedimentation structure is a filtration sedimentation tank 8 used to block and sediment the sediment in the subsurface flow to prevent the collapse of the upstream riverbed due to sand being carried by the flowing water. Using the principle of inverse filtration, starting from the contact surface with the soil upstream, three types of filtration materials, namely an anti-rust filter screen 9, small stones, and large stones, are sequentially arranged to effectively prevent the subsurface flow from carrying away the sediment in the soil. Among them, the filter screen can effectively fix the sediment in the soil, the small stones further filter the sediment, and the large stones play the role of fixing the small stones and sedimenting the sediment in the water.

[0032] In this embodiment, the subsurface flow and surface runoff diversion structure is used to divert surface water and subsurface flow and then introduce them into the surface water approach channel and the subsurface flow approach channel respectively. It consists of a retaining wall 10 and a top cover 11 above the filtration sedimentation tank. The top cover is made of concrete with a thickness of ≥10 cm. The upstream end of the cover is horizontally cast with the bottom of the incoming water riverbed, and the downstream end is flush with the lower edge of the surface runoff spillway of the retaining wall. This cover plays a role in isolating surface runoff and subsurface flow and can introduce surface runoff into the corresponding approach channel. The retaining wall separates the filtration sedimentation tank from the two approach channels and cooperates with the top cover for diversion. The cross-section of the retaining wall is divided into two different functional areas, namely subsurface flow and surface runoff, on the left and right. The wall of the subsurface flow functional area is as high as the canal wall, and water-permeable holes 12 are opened at the position where the lower half of the wall is lower than the top cover, which can introduce the water flow in the sedimentation tank into the corresponding approach channel. The height of the wall in the surface runoff functional area is lower than that of the canal wall, and the top is flush with the upper surface of the top cover, so as to introduce the water flow into the approach channel of surface runoff.

[0033] In this embodiment, the stilling well device includes two sets of stilling wells 13, which are respectively installed on both sides of different approach channels and are used to install magnetostrictive water level gauges for monitoring the water levels of the two water bodies. The stilling well is made of steel and is an overall right-angled elbow pipe. The vertical pipe close to the outer side of the approach channel wall is used to install the water level gauge, and its height should be greater than the water level variation range and match the magnetic rod of the water level gauge. The horizontal pipe at the bottom of the water pipe is used to connect the water level at the bottom of the approach channel. The diameters of the horizontal pipe and the vertical pipe are customized according to the diameter of the float of the water level gauge to ensure that the float can be normally installed and float up and down smoothly.

[0034] In this embodiment, the water measuring weir plates are divided into surface water weir plates and subsurface flow weir plates. The surface water weir plates are determined according to the specifications, while the subsurface flow weir plates need to use triangular weirs, and the angle of the triangular notch is not greater than 30°, so as to ensure that the subsurface flow with a relatively low flow rate can be accurately measured.

[0035] The technical means disclosed in the solution of the present invention are not limited to the technical means disclosed in the above embodiments, but also include technical solutions composed of any combination of the above technical features. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art in this technical field, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and retouches can be made, and these improvements and retouches are also regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multifunctional water measuring weir, characterized in that: The invention comprises a rectangular channel body, wherein the rectangular channel body is provided with an upstream splayed wall, a mid-soil flow filtering and sedimentation structure, a mid-soil flow and surface runoff diversion structure, a still water well device and a water measuring weir plate in sequence from upstream to downstream. The rectangular channel body is a rectangular channel arranged along the water flow direction, and is divided into a filtering, sedimentation and diversion channel section, a running channel section and a tailwater channel section from upstream to downstream. The filtering, sedimentation and diversion channel section is provided with a mid-soil flow filtering and sedimentation structure and a mid-soil flow and surface runoff diversion structure; wherein the running channel section and the tailwater channel section are provided with a water dividing wall (1) for separating the mid-soil flow from the surface runoff, respectively forming a mid-soil flow running channel (2) and a surface water running channel (3); a water measuring weir plate (4) is installed at the end of the running channel section for separating it from the tailwater channel section; and the still water well device is installed in the running channel section.

2. A multifunctional water measuring weir according to claim 1, characterized in that: A cover plate is installed on the subsurface water near channel (2) to form a concealed channel, and no cover plate is installed on the surface water near channel (3) to form an open channel; the cover plate is divided into an upstream cover plate (5) and a downstream cover plate (6), wherein the upstream cover plate (5) is a concrete cover plate not longer than 50 cm, and the downstream cover plate (6) is a steel cover plate, the end of the steel cover plate is not less than 5 cm longer than the open channel, and the width is not less than 5 cm longer than the outer side of the open channel wall.

3. A multifunctional water measuring weir according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom length of the tailwater channel section is 10 cm greater than the extension length of the water tongue.

4. The multifunctional water measuring weir according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upstream splayed wall is used to control water flow entering the water measuring weir and is composed of two symmetrically arranged walls (7), and the front ends of the walls (7) are arranged to be inclined outwards.

5. The multifunctional water measuring weir according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mid-soil flow filtering and sedimentation structure is used to block and sediment the sediment in the mid-soil flow. In order to prevent the upstream riverbed from collapsing due to the passing of water and sand, the filtering and sedimentation tank (8) is provided with three filtering materials, namely, a rust-proof filter net (9), small stones, and large stones, in order from the upstream contact surface with the soil. Among them, the rust-proof filter net (9) is used to fix the sediment in the soil, the small stones are used to further filter the sediment, and the large stones are used to fix the small stones and sediment the sediment in the water.

6. The multifunctional water measuring weir according to claim 1, characterized in that: The subsoil flow and surface runoff diversion structure is used to divert surface water from the subsoil flow and then guide the surface water into the surface water near channel (3) and the subsoil flow near channel (2), respectively. It is composed of a retaining wall (10) and a top blanket (11) above the filtering sedimentation tank (8). The top blanket (11) is cast with concrete with a thickness of ≥10 cm. The upstream end of the top blanket (11) is cast at the same level as the bottom of the incoming riverbed, and the downstream end is flush with the lower edge of the surface runoff drop outlet of the retaining wall (10). The top blanket (11) is used to isolate the surface runoff from the subsoil flow and guide the surface runoff into the corresponding near channel. The retaining wall (10) The filtering sedimentation tank (8) is separated from the two rows of near channels and is used in conjunction with the top blanket (11) to divert the water. The cross section of the retaining wall (10) is divided into a soil flow functional area and a surface runoff functional area. The wall of the soil flow functional area is at the same height as the wall of the near channel section. A water permeable hole (12) is opened at a position lower than the top blanket (11) in the lower half of the wall to guide the water flow in the filtering sedimentation tank (8) into the soil flow near channel (2). The wall of the surface runoff functional area is lower than the wall of the near channel section, and the top is flush with the upper surface of the top blanket (11) of the filtering sedimentation tank to guide the water flow into the surface water near channel (3).

7. The multifunctional water measuring weir according to claim 1, characterized in that: The still water well device comprises two still water wells (13), which are respectively installed on the side of a surface water near channel (3) and a subsurface water near channel (2), and are equipped with magnetostrictive water level gauges for monitoring the water levels of the two water bodies. The still water well (13) is a right-angle elbow, and a vertical pipe close to the outer side of the wall of the near channel section is used to install the water level gauge, the height of which is greater than the water level fluctuation and is matched with the magnetic rod of the water level gauge; the horizontal pipe at the bottom is used to connect the water level at the bottom of the near channel.

8. The multifunctional water measuring weir according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water measuring weir plate (4) comprises a surface water weir plate and a mid-soil flow weir plate, wherein the mid-soil flow weir plate adopts a triangular weir, and the angle of the triangular notch is not greater than 30°.

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