Battery packaging structure and perovskite solar device

Abstract

The utility model provides a cell packaging structure and a perovskite solar device, the cell packaging structure comprises a first external packaging layer and a second external packaging layer, and a middle cell layer is arranged between the first external packaging layer and the second external packaging layer. An internal thin film packaging layer is arranged on the surface of one side, close to the first external packaging layer, of the middle battery layer, and the internal thin film packaging layer comprises a first isolation layer, a second isolation layer and a third isolation layer which are sequentially stacked in the direction from the middle battery layer to the first external packaging layer. According to the utility model, a mode of combining internal thin film packaging with external vacuum lamination packaging is adopted, so that the water-blocking and oxygen-isolating effects are improved, and the mechanical shock resistance of the battery is enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the field of solar photovoltaics and relates to a battery packaging structure and a perovskite solar device. Background Art

[0002] Since the emergence of perovskite optoelectronic materials in 2009, they have attracted much attention from the academic and industrial circles due to their advantages such as high extinction coefficient, long carrier lifetime, high photoelectric conversion efficiency, and diverse and simple preparation routes. At present, the highest efficiency of single-junction small-area perovskite cells has exceeded 26.1%, and the efficiency and large-area expansion of perovskite cells have basically broken through the bottleneck, with a promising future. However, the research on the long-term stability of perovskite still remains at thousands of hours. Therefore, to industrialize perovskite, it is urgent to solve the problem of long-term operation stability.

[0003] Traditional silicon photovoltaic materials have relatively stable performance, and the developed water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) required for device packaging is only 10 -1 ~10 -2 g·m -2 ·d -1 , and the packaging treatment temperature generally exceeds 150°C. Perovskite belongs to an organic-inorganic hybrid material and is extremely sensitive to water, oxygen, and temperature. It can be compared with OLED (Organic Light Emitting Display) and OPV (Organic Photovoltaic), and the device packaging cannot directly adopt traditional silicon photovoltaic technology. In addition, when using the existing PECVD (Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition) to prepare inorganic SiO2 or SiONx, the plasma will cause irreversible damage to perovskite and is not suitable for perovskite packaging. In addition, only using the method of thin film packaging cannot meet the mechanical strength requirements, and only using the method of silicon lamination packaging cannot meet the water permeability requirements.

[0004] Therefore, while solving the problem of long-term stable use of perovskite battery packaging, it is also necessary to ensure the structural strength and low water permeability of perovskite packaging. Summary of the Utility Model

[0005] Aiming at the deficiencies of the existing technology, the purpose of the utility model is to provide a battery packaging structure and a perovskite solar device, which adopt the method of combining internal thin film packaging with external vacuum lamination packaging, improving the water and oxygen barrier effect and enhancing the battery's anti-mechanical shock ability.

[0006] To achieve this purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present utility model provides a battery packaging structure. The battery packaging structure includes a first outer packaging layer and a second outer packaging layer. An intermediate battery layer is disposed between the first outer packaging layer and the second outer packaging layer. An internal thin film packaging layer is provided on a surface of the intermediate battery layer close to the first outer packaging layer. The internal thin film packaging layer includes a first isolation layer, a second isolation layer, and a third isolation layer that are sequentially stacked in a direction from the intermediate battery layer to the first outer packaging layer. The first isolation layer and / or the third isolation layer is an inorganic material isolation layer, and the second isolation layer is an organic material isolation layer.

[0008] In the present utility model, the first outer packaging layer and the second outer packaging layer are formed by vacuum lamination and cooperate with the internal thin film packaging layer structure, effectively reducing the water vapor transmission rate and oxygen transmission rate of the packaged device. Moreover, the internal thin film packaging layer adopts a multi-layer composite form, further blocking the erosion of water and oxygen, improving the packaging effect, and ensuring a relatively high mechanical strength of the device. The internal thin film packaging layer basically meets the requirements of short-term external transportation or long-term stable packaging. The first outer packaging layer and the second outer packaging layer enhance the anti-mechanical damage ability during battery transportation or long-term operation.

[0009] The internal thin film packaging layer of the present utility model is an inorganic-organic-inorganic composite isolation layer. The inorganic first isolation layer effectively isolates water and oxygen without damaging the performance of the intermediate battery layer. The organic second isolation layer can reduce the brittle stress of the inorganic film layer, and at the same time extend the water and oxygen erosion channels, improving the packaging effect. The inorganic third isolation layer further extends the water and oxygen erosion channels, effectively enhancing the overall packaging effect.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution of the present utility model, the water vapor transmission rate of the first isolation layer and / or the third isolation layer is less than the water vapor transmission rate of the second isolation layer.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution of the present utility model, the water vapor transmission rate of the first isolation layer and / or the third isolation layer ≤ 10 -4 g·m -2 ·d -1 。

[0012] As a preferred technical solution of the present utility model, the first isolation layer and the third isolation layer are each independently at least one layer of an alumina layer, a silicon nitride layer, or a silicon oxide layer.

[0013] The second isolation layer is a photo-curable adhesive layer.

[0014] It should be noted that the functional layers such as the alumina layer, silicon nitride layer, and silicon oxide layer in the present utility model are all materials known to those skilled in the art. When the first isolation layer or the third isolation layer includes the above-mentioned multiple functional layers, the multiple functional layers are stacked and arranged independently of each other, and no reaction occurs between them.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution of the present utility model, both the first isolation layer and the third isolation layer are alumina layers; the photocurable adhesive layer includes an acrylate polymer.

[0016] In the present utility model, both the first isolation layer and the third isolation layer adopt an inorganic dense Al2O3 layer, which has mild preparation conditions and a preparation temperature ≤ 120°C, and has excellent water and oxygen isolation performance. The second isolation layer adopts a photocurable adhesive layer including an acrylate polymer, which has a short curing time and a low water vapor transmission rate of the cured material itself, and has an excellent water and oxygen isolation effect. The water vapor transmission rate of the internal thin film encapsulation layer ≤ 10 -6 g·m -2 ·d -1 , and the oxygen transmission rate of the internal thin film encapsulation layer ≤ 10 - 5 cm 3 ·m -2 ·d -1 .

[0017] In the present utility model, a low-temperature inorganic first isolation layer is first formed on the surface of the perovskite intermediate cell layer, and its water vapor transmission rate ≤ 10 -4 g·m -2 ·d -1 , effectively isolating water and oxygen, and can also avoid direct ultraviolet light irradiation of the perovskite material. Then, a photocurable adhesive material is irradiated with ultraviolet light having a long wavelength (≥ 395 nm) and low energy or visible light of 405 nm, so that the photocurable material covers the surface and edge of the first isolation layer. After curing, the water vapor transmission rate of the second isolation layer itself ≤ 10 g·m -2 ·d -1 . After the encapsulation of the first isolation layer and the second isolation layer is completed, the overall comprehensive water vapor transmission rate is 10 -5 ~10 -6 g·m -2 ·d -1 , and the oxygen transmission rate ≤ 10 -3 cm 3 ·m -2 ·d -1 . Finally, an inorganic third isolation layer is fabricated on the cured second isolation layer, so that the overall water vapor transmission rate of the internal thin film encapsulation layer ≤ 10 -6 g·m -2 ·d -1 , and the oxygen transmission rate ≤ 10 -5 cm3 ·m -2 ·d -1 It should be noted that the acrylate polymer described in the present utility model is a material commonly used as a photocurable adhesive well-known to those skilled in the art.

[0018] As a preferred technical solution of the present utility model, the thicknesses of the first isolation layer and the third isolation layer are independently 5 - 20 nm respectively. For example, they can be 5 nm, 6 nm, 8 nm, 10 nm, 12 nm, 13 nm, 14 nm, 15 nm, 16 nm, 18 nm, 19 nm and 20 nm, but are not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values within this numerical range are equally applicable.

[0019] The thickness of the second isolation layer < 50 μm.

[0020] As a preferred technical solution of the present utility model, the first outer encapsulation layer and the second outer encapsulation layer are independently vacuum laminated glass.

[0021] In the present utility model, the first outer encapsulation layer and the second outer encapsulation layer are formed by vacuum lamination, effectively improving the strength of the encapsulation structure.

[0022] As a preferred technical solution of the present utility model, the first outer encapsulation layer connects the inner thin film encapsulation layer through a first encapsulation adhesive film, and the second outer encapsulation layer connects the intermediate battery layer through a second encapsulation adhesive film.

[0023] In the perovskite solar device of the present utility model, the first outer encapsulation layer and the second outer encapsulation layer are respectively encapsulated through the first encapsulation adhesive film and the second encapsulation adhesive film. The lamination treatment temperature of the first encapsulation adhesive film and the second encapsulation adhesive film ≤ 120 °C, which is lower than the treatment temperature of traditional silicon photovoltaic encapsulation materials (≥ 150 °C). The first encapsulation adhesive film and the second encapsulation adhesive film independently include but are not limited to thermoplastic materials or thermosetting materials commonly used in silicon photovoltaics well-known to those skilled in the art.

[0024] In a second aspect, the present utility model provides a perovskite solar device, and the perovskite solar device includes the battery encapsulation structure described in the first aspect. The intermediate battery layer of the perovskite solar device is a perovskite battery or a perovskite thin film stacked battery.

[0025] As a preferred technical solution of the present utility model, the perovskite battery is a perovskite single - junction battery, a double - junction perovskite battery or a multi - junction perovskite battery.

[0026] In the perovskite thin film stacked battery, the bottom battery includes a crystalline silicon battery, a copper indium gallium selenide thin film battery, a cadmium telluride thin film battery, a gallium arsenide thin film battery or an organic solar battery.

[0027] The encapsulation method of the first outer encapsulation layer, the second outer encapsulation layer and the inner thin film encapsulation layer in the present utility model is applicable not only to single-junction perovskite cells, but also to multi-junction stacked perovskite cells. The present utility model does not specifically limit the structure of the perovskite cell, and a perovskite cell including a glass substrate, a transparent conductive layer, at least one transport layer, at least one perovskite absorption layer and an electrode layer, which are well-known to those skilled in the art, can be adopted, and the second outer encapsulation layer is vacuum laminated to the outer periphery of the glass substrate.

[0028] The general formula of the perovskite of the perovskite cell is ABX3, where A includes but is not limited to at least two of MA, FA and Cs; B includes but is not limited to pure lead, pure tin and tin-lead; X includes but is not limited to halogen ions and pseudo-halogen ions.

[0029] The numerical ranges described in the present utility model include not only the point values exemplified above, but also any point values between the above numerical ranges not exemplified. Due to space limitations and for the sake of brevity, the present utility model does not exhaustively list the specific point values included in the ranges.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present utility model are as follows:

[0031] A battery encapsulation structure and a perovskite solar device provided by the present utility model are formed by vacuum lamination of the first outer encapsulation layer and the second outer encapsulation layer, and cooperate with a multi-layer composite inner thin film encapsulation layer structure composed of an inorganic-organic-inorganic isolation layer to achieve the barrier effect against water and oxygen erosion. Among them, the inorganic first isolation layer avoids the problem that the organic matter directly contacts the intermediate battery layer and affects the battery stability. The organic second isolation layer increases the length of the water vapor channel and compensates for the problem of low impact resistance strength of the first isolation layer. The inorganic third isolation layer compensates for the problem of high water vapor transmission rate of the organic second isolation layer, effectively reducing the water vapor transmission rate and oxygen transmission rate of the packaged device, improving the encapsulation effect, and ensuring high mechanical strength of the device; moreover, the inner thin film encapsulation layer basically meets the requirements of short-term external transportation or long-term stable encapsulation, and the first outer encapsulation layer and the second outer encapsulation layer improve the anti-mechanical damage ability during battery transportation or long-term operation. Description of the Drawings

[0032] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the perovskite solar device provided in Embodiment 1 of the present utility model;

[0033] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the perovskite solar device provided in Embodiment 4 of the present utility model.

[0034] Among them, 1 - the first outer encapsulation layer; 2 - the second outer encapsulation layer; 3 - the perovskite single-junction cell; 4 - the first isolation layer; 5 - the second isolation layer; 6 - the third isolation layer; 7 - the crystalline silicon cell. Detailed implementation manners

[0035] It should be understood that in the description of the present utility model, the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, so it cannot be understood as a limitation to the present utility model. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first", "second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the present utility model, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.

[0036] It should be noted that in the description of the present utility model, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "arranged", "connected", "coupled" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it may be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present utility model can be understood through specific circumstances.

[0037] The technical solution of the present utility model will be further described below with reference to the drawings and through specific implementation manners.

[0038] In a specific embodiment, the present utility model provides a battery packaging structure, including a first outer packaging layer and a second outer packaging layer. An intermediate battery layer is arranged between the first outer packaging layer and the second outer packaging layer. An internal thin film packaging layer is arranged on one surface of the intermediate battery layer close to the first outer packaging layer. The internal thin film packaging layer includes a first isolation layer, a second isolation layer and a third isolation layer which are sequentially stacked from the intermediate battery layer to the first outer packaging layer. The first isolation layer and / or the third isolation layer is an inorganic material isolation layer, and the second isolation layer is an organic material isolation layer. The internal thin film packaging layer of the present utility model is an inorganic-organic-inorganic multi-layer composite structure. The inorganic first isolation layer effectively isolates water and oxygen without affecting the performance of the intermediate battery layer. The organic second isolation layer can reduce the brittle stress of the inorganic film layer, extend the water and oxygen erosion channels at the same time, and improve the packaging effect. The inorganic third isolation layer further extends the water and oxygen erosion channels, improves the impact resistance performance, and effectively improves the overall packaging effect.

[0039] In some embodiments, the water vapor transmission rate of the first isolation layer and / or the third isolation layer is less than that of the second isolation layer.

[0040] Further, the water vapor transmission rate of the first isolation layer and / or the third isolation layer ≤ 10 -4 g·m -2 ·d -1 。

[0041] In some embodiments, the first isolation layer and the third isolation layer are each independently at least one layer selected from an alumina layer, a silicon nitride layer, and a silicon oxide layer. The second isolation layer is a photocurable adhesive layer. Specifically, the first isolation layer and the second isolation layer are independently selected from an alumina layer, a silicon nitride layer, a silicon oxide layer, a combination of an alumina layer and a silicon nitride layer, a combination of a silicon nitride layer and a silicon oxide layer, a combination of an alumina layer and a silicon oxide layer, or any one of a combination of an alumina layer, a silicon nitride layer, and a silicon oxide layer.

[0042] Preferably, both the first isolation layer and the third isolation layer are alumina layers, and the photocurable adhesive layer comprises an acrylate polymer. Both the first isolation layer and the second isolation layer adopt an inorganic dense Al2O3 layer, which has mild preparation conditions and a preparation temperature ≤ 120 °C, and has excellent water and oxygen isolation performance. The second isolation layer adopts a photocurable adhesive layer, which has a short curing time and a low water vapor transmission rate of the cured material itself, and excellent water and oxygen isolation effect. Moreover, the Al2O3 layer close to the intermediate cell layer can isolate the contact between the photocurable adhesive organic matter and the perovskite layer, avoiding affecting the stability of the perovskite battery. And because the perovskite material itself is relatively sensitive to ultraviolet light, an inorganic first isolation layer is prefabricated to avoid direct ultraviolet light irradiation on the perovskite battery layer. The photocurable adhesive layer can increase the length of the water vapor channel and compensate for the impact strength of the Al2O3 layer. The outer Al2O3 layer can compensate for the problem of the relatively high water vapor transmission rate of the photocurable adhesive, further improving the overall encapsulation performance. The material of the photocurable adhesive layer includes but is not limited to methyl methacrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, styrene, butyl acrylate, isooctyl acrylate, isobornyl acrylate, dipropylene glycol diacrylate, ethylene glycol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, dodecyl methacrylate, etc.

[0043] In some embodiments, the thicknesses of the first isolation layer and the third isolation layer are independently 5 - 20 nm respectively. The thickness of the second isolation layer < 50 μm.

[0044] Specifically, the water vapor transmission rate of the internal thin film encapsulation layer ≤ 10 -6 g·m -2 ·d -1 and the oxygen transmission rate of the internal thin film encapsulation layer ≤ 10 -5 cm 3 ·m -2 ·d -1 . In the present utility model, a low-temperature inorganic first isolation layer is formed on the surface of the perovskite intermediate cell layer, and its water vapor transmission rate ≤ 10 -4 g·m -2 ·d -1 , effectively isolating water and oxygen, and can also avoid direct ultraviolet light irradiation on the perovskite material. Then, a long-wavelength (≥ 395 nm) and low-energy ultraviolet lamp or 405 nm visible light is used to irradiate the photocurable adhesive material, so that the photocurable material covers the surface and edges of the first isolation layer. After curing, the water vapor transmission rate of the second isolation layer itself ≤ 10 g·m -2 ·d -1 . After the encapsulation of the first isolation layer and the second isolation layer is completed, the overall comprehensive water vapor transmission rate is 10 -5 ~10 -6 g·m -2 ·d -1, the oxygen transmission rate ≤ 10 -3 cm 3 ·m -2 ·d -1 。Finally, an inorganic third isolation layer is fabricated on the cured second isolation layer, such that the water vapor transmission rate of the internal thin film encapsulation layer ≤ 10 -6 g·m -2 ·d -1 , the oxygen transmission rate ≤ 10 -5 cm 3 ·m -2 ·d -1 。

[0045] In some embodiments, the first external encapsulation layer and the second external encapsulation layer are independently vacuum laminated glass, formed by vacuum lamination, effectively improving the strength of the encapsulation structure.

[0046] In some embodiments, the first external encapsulation layer is connected to the internal thin film encapsulation layer through a first encapsulation adhesive film, and the second external encapsulation layer is connected to the intermediate cell layer through a second encapsulation adhesive film. And the lamination treatment temperature of the first encapsulation adhesive film and the second encapsulation adhesive film ≤ 120 °C, lower than the treatment temperature of traditional silicon photovoltaic encapsulation materials (≥ 150 °C). The first encapsulation adhesive film and the second encapsulation adhesive film independently include but are not limited to thermoplastic materials or thermosetting materials commonly used in silicon photovoltaics well-known to those skilled in the art.

[0047] Specifically, the first encapsulation adhesive film and the second encapsulation adhesive film include but are not limited to thermoplastic materials or thermosetting materials commonly used in silicon photovoltaics well-known to those skilled in the art. Exemplarily, the first encapsulation adhesive film can be selected from any one of EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate), POE (polyolefin), EPE (co-extruded EVA and POE), TPU (polyurethane), PIB (polyisobutene), or PVB (polyvinyl butyral).

[0048] In another specific embodiment, the present invention provides a perovskite solar device, including a battery encapsulation structure as described in a specific embodiment, and the intermediate cell layer of the perovskite solar device is a perovskite cell or a perovskite thin film stacked cell.

[0049] In some embodiments, the perovskite cell is a perovskite single-junction cell, a double-junction perovskite cell, or a multi-junction perovskite cell. The general formula of the perovskite in the perovskite cell is ABX3, where A includes but is not limited to at least two of MA, FA, and Cs; B includes but is not limited to pure lead, pure tin, and tin-lead; and X includes but is not limited to halide ions and pseudo-halide ions. The perovskite cell in the present utility model includes a glass substrate, a transparent conductive layer, at least one transport layer, at least one perovskite absorption layer, and an electrode layer, and a second outer encapsulation layer is vacuum laminated to the periphery of the glass substrate.

[0050] In some embodiments, the bottom cell in the perovskite thin film stacked cell includes a crystalline silicon cell, a copper indium gallium selenide thin film cell, a cadmium telluride thin film cell, a gallium arsenide thin film cell, or an organic solar cell.

[0051] To help those skilled in the art better understand the overall technical solution and working process of the present utility model, the present utility model exemplarily provides a method for manufacturing a perovskite solar device with a single-junction perovskite cell, specifically including the following steps:

[0052] (1) Provide a glass substrate, clean and treat it with ultraviolet ozone, and then set it aside. Sequentially fabricate a transparent conductive layer, a hole transport layer, a perovskite light-absorbing layer, an electron transport layer, a modification layer, and an electrode layer on the glass substrate to obtain an intermediate cell layer;

[0053] (2) Place the sample of step (1) into the process chamber of an ALD (Atomic Layer Deposition) device, provide an aluminum source and an oxygen source, and form a dense Al2O3 thin film on the surface of the intermediate cell layer by a thermal method to obtain a first isolation layer;

[0054] (3) Coat a photocurable adhesive material on the surface and edge of the first isolation layer, and irradiate it with visible light of 405 nm to initiate a curing reaction to obtain a second isolation layer;

[0055] (4) Place the sample of step (3) into the process chamber of an ALD device, provide an aluminum source and an oxygen source, and form a dense Al2O3 thin film on the surface of the second isolation layer by a thermal method to obtain a third isolation layer;

[0056] (5) Provide two inorganic silicon transparent glasses, vacuum laminate one inorganic silicon transparent glass to the third isolation layer using a packaging adhesive film, and vacuum laminate the other inorganic silicon transparent glass to the side of the glass substrate away from the transparent conductive layer to complete the encapsulation.

[0057] Example 1

[0058] This example provides a perovskite solar device, such as Figure 1As shown, it includes a first outer encapsulation layer 1 and a second outer encapsulation layer 2, and an intermediate cell layer is arranged between the first outer encapsulation layer 1 and the second outer encapsulation layer 2. The intermediate cell layer is a perovskite single-junction cell 3, and an internal thin-film encapsulation layer is arranged on the surface of the perovskite single-junction cell 3 close to the first outer encapsulation layer 1. The internal thin-film encapsulation layer includes a first isolation layer 4, a second isolation layer 5 and a third isolation layer 6 which are sequentially stacked in the direction from the perovskite single-junction cell 3 to the first outer encapsulation layer 1. The first isolation layer 4 is a dense Al2O3 layer with a thickness of 10 nm. The second isolation layer 5 is a photocurable adhesive layer with a thickness of 45 μm. The third isolation layer 6 is a dense Al2O3 layer with a thickness of 10 nm. The water vapor transmission rate of the first isolation layer 4 and the third isolation layer 6 is ≤ 10 -4 g·m -2 ·d -1 , and it is less than the water vapor transmission rate of the second isolation layer 5, so that the water vapor transmission rate of the internal thin-film encapsulation layer is ≤ 10 -6 g·m -2 ·d -1 , and the oxygen transmission rate is ≤ 10 -5 cm 3 m -2 d -1 .

[0059] The single-junction perovskite cell 3 includes a glass substrate, a transparent conductive layer, a hole transport layer, a perovskite light-absorbing layer, an electron transport layer, a modification layer and an electrode layer in sequence. The first outer encapsulation layer 1 is a vacuum laminated transparent glass, which is connected to the surface of the third isolation layer 6 far from the second isolation layer 5 through a first encapsulation film. The second outer encapsulation layer 2 is a vacuum laminated transparent glass, which is connected to the surface of the glass substrate far from the transparent conductive layer through a second encapsulation film.

[0060] The perovskite solar device provided in this embodiment is prepared by the following method;

[0061] (1) Provide a glass substrate, clean and perform ultraviolet ozone treatment in sequence, and form an FTO transparent conductive layer on the glass substrate;

[0062] (2) Use MeO-2PACz ([2-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid) as the main raw material to prepare a solution, and coat it on the transparent conductive layer by spin coating to form a hole transport layer; The perovskite light-absorbing layer uses Cs 0.05 FA 0.85 MA 0.15 Pb(I 0.85 Br 0.15) Using 3 as the raw material, add it to the solution prepared from DMF and DMSO, and spin-coat the prepared solution on the hole transport layer to obtain a perovskite light-absorbing layer; use evaporation to sequentially form a C60 electron transport layer and a BCP modification layer on the surface of the perovskite light-absorbing layer. The thickness of the C60 electron transport layer is 15 nm, and the thickness of the BCP modification layer is 6 nm; finally, evaporate and deposit an Ag electrode with a thickness of 120 nm on the surface of the BCP modification layer to obtain a single-junction perovskite solar cell 3, and obtain a first sample;

[0063] (3) Place the first sample in step (2) into the process chamber of the ALD device, and use the thermal method to prepare an Al2O3 thin film. Using trimethylaluminum (TMA) as the aluminum source and water as the oxygen source, obtain a first isolation layer 4, and obtain a second sample;

[0064] (4) Use an acrylate polymer as the photocurable adhesive material, coat it on the surface and edge of the first isolation layer 4 of the second sample in step (3), and irradiate it with visible light with a wavelength of 405 nm to initiate a curing reaction to form a second isolation layer 5, and obtain a third sample;

[0065] (5) Place the third sample in step (4) into the process chamber of the ALD device, and use the thermal method to prepare an Al2O3 thin film. Using trimethylaluminum (TMA) as the aluminum source and water as the oxygen source, obtain a third isolation layer 6, and obtain a fourth sample;

[0066] (6) Provide two inorganic silicon transparent glasses, use thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) to vacuum laminate one inorganic silicon transparent glass onto the third isolation layer 6 as the first external encapsulation layer 1, and vacuum laminate the other inorganic silicon transparent glass onto the side of the glass substrate away from the transparent conductive layer as the second external encapsulation layer 2 to complete the encapsulation.

[0067] Example 2

[0068] This example provides a perovskite solar device, which is different from Example 1 in that: both the first isolation layer 4 and the third isolation layer 6 are SiO2 layers prepared by the PECVD process, that is, the dense Al2O3 layer is replaced by the SiO2 layer, and the rest of the device structure, preparation method, materials, and process parameters are the same as those in Example 1.

[0069] Example 3

[0070] This example provides a perovskite solar device, which is different from Example 1 in that: the middle battery layer is a double-junction perovskite solar cell, including a glass substrate, an ITO transparent conductive layer, a first hole transport layer, a wide-bandgap perovskite layer, a first electron transport layer, a tunneling recombination layer, a second hole transport layer, a narrow-bandgap perovskite layer, a second electron transport layer, a modification layer, and an electrode layer stacked in sequence, and the rest of the device structure is the same as that in Example 1.

[0071] Example 4

[0072] This example provides a perovskite solar device, which is different from that of Example 1 in that: as Figure 2 shown, the intermediate cell layer is a perovskite-silicon tandem cell, including a silicon cell 7 and a perovskite single-junction cell 3 stacked in sequence, and the other device structures are the same as those of Example 1.

[0073] Comparative Example 1

[0074] This comparative example provides a perovskite solar device, which is different from that of Example 1 in that: the first isolation layer is not provided, and the other device structures, preparation methods, materials and process parameters are the same as those of Example 1.

[0075] Comparative Example 2

[0076] This comparative example provides a perovskite solar device, which is different from that of Example 1 in that: the third isolation layer is not provided, and the other device structures, preparation methods, materials and process parameters are the same as those of Example 1.

[0077] Comparative Example 3

[0078] This comparative example provides a perovskite solar device, which is different from that of Example 1 in that: the second isolation layer is not provided, and the other device structures, preparation methods, materials and process parameters are the same as those of Example 1.

[0079] Comparative Example 4

[0080] This comparative example provides a perovskite solar device, which is different from that of Example 1 in that: the first external encapsulation layer, the second external encapsulation layer and the internal thin-film encapsulation layer are not provided, but methyl methacrylate glue is used to perform blanket encapsulation on the intermediate cell layer under ultraviolet light irradiation.

[0081] Comparative Example 5

[0082] This comparative example provides a perovskite solar device, which is different from that of Example 1 in that: the intermediate cell layer is encapsulated by a traditional silicon photovoltaic lamination method, and the internal thin-film encapsulation layer is not provided.

[0083] The present utility model detects the water vapor transmission rate and photoelectric efficiency of the perovskite solar devices of Example 1, Example 2 and Comparative Examples 1-5, and conducts stability tracking at 65°C & 85% humidity. There are 12 cells in each group, and each cell has 4 sub-cells. The efficiency result is the average value of 48 groups of data statistics. The stability test is carried out every other day in the first week, and the efficiency tracking is carried out every other week until the tracking time exceeds 1000 h, and the percentage of the remaining initial efficiency is counted. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0084] Table 1

[0085]

[0086]

[0087] As can be seen from Table 1, the solar devices in Example 1 can all obtain a water vapor transmission rate on the order of 10 -8 gm -2 d -1 , and their encapsulation effects are comparable. In Example 2, the dense Al2O3 layer was replaced with SiO2, introducing plasma, which caused serious damage to the perovskite device itself, reducing its optoelectronic efficiency. After the perovskite was damaged, there were many defects. Although the water vapor transmission rate was low, the long-term operation stability became poor.

[0088] Compared with Example 1, in Comparative Examples 1 to 3, only two isolation layers were provided inside the device, and its water vapor transmission rate was 10 - 5 gm -2 d -1 . The stability was tracked for 1000 hours and the efficiency loss was about 10%, and the overall performance became poor. The efficiency loss in Comparative Example 4 was caused by ultraviolet light irradiation and the direct coating of ultraviolet glue on the perovskite device, resulting in a decrease in both the water vapor transmission rate and the stability efficiency of the solar device in Comparative Example 4. Comparative Example 5 adopted the traditional silicon photovoltaic lamination method, with a relatively high working temperature, causing perovskite decomposition and damage, resulting in a serious decrease in efficiency, and both the water vapor transmission rate and the stability efficiency were reduced.

[0089] The internal thin-film encapsulation and external vacuum lamination encapsulation combination method adopted by the present invention can be used for both perovskite single-junction and perovskite-based tandem cells, and the preparation process is mild and the preparation temperature is relatively low, avoiding affecting the perovskite itself. The water vapor transmission rate of the solar device can be as low as 10 -8 gm -2 d -1 , which is much higher than the traditional ultraviolet glue encapsulation and vacuum lamination encapsulation, and is 2 to 3 orders of magnitude higher than the single thin-film encapsulation alone. In addition, the external double-glass encapsulation makes the device have higher mechanical strength, which greatly improves the long-term operation stability and anti-mechanical damage ability of the perovskite device while ensuring the efficiency.

[0090] The applicant declares that the above description is only the specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art should understand that any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention fall within the protection scope and the disclosure scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A battery packaging structure, characterized in that: The battery packaging structure includes a first external packaging layer and a second external packaging layer, an intermediate battery layer is arranged between the first external packaging layer and the second external packaging layer, an internal thin film packaging layer is arranged on the surface of the intermediate battery layer close to the first external packaging layer, and the internal thin film packaging layer includes a first isolation layer, a second isolation layer and a third isolation layer which are stacked in sequence from the intermediate battery layer to the first external packaging layer, the first isolation layer and / or the third isolation layer are inorganic material isolation layers, and the second isolation layer is an organic material isolation layer.

2. The battery packaging structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water vapor permeability of the first isolation layer and / or the third isolation layer is lower than the water vapor permeability of the second isolation layer.

3. The battery packaging structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The water vapor transmission rate of the first isolation layer and / or the third isolation layer is ≤10 -4 g·m -2 ·d -1 .

4. The battery packaging structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first isolation layer and the third isolation layer are independently at least one of an aluminum oxide layer, a silicon nitride layer, and a silicon oxide layer; The second isolation layer is a photocurable adhesive layer.

5. The battery packaging structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first isolation layer and the third isolation layer are both aluminum oxide layers; The photocurable adhesive layer includes an acrylate polymer.

6. The battery packaging structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the first isolation layer and the third isolation layer are independently 5 to 20 nm; The thickness of the second isolation layer is less than 50 μm.

7. The battery packaging structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first external encapsulation layer and the second external encapsulation layer are independently vacuum laminated glass.

8. The battery packaging structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first external packaging layer is connected to the internal thin film packaging layer through a first packaging adhesive film, and the second external packaging layer is connected to the middle battery layer through a second packaging adhesive film.

9. A perovskite solar device, characterized in that: The perovskite solar device comprises the battery packaging structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8, and the middle battery layer of the perovskite solar device is a perovskite battery or a perovskite thin film stacked battery.

10. The perovskite solar device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The perovskite cell is a single-junction perovskite cell, a double-junction perovskite cell or a multi-junction perovskite cell; The bottom cell in the perovskite thin film stacked battery includes a crystalline silicon cell, a copper indium gallium selenide thin film cell, a cadmium telluride thin film cell, a gallium arsenide thin film cell or an organic solar cell.

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