Fire-fighting structure of energy storage electric cabinet and energy storage electric cabinet

Abstract

The utility model provides an energy storage electric cabinet fire-fighting structure and an energy storage electric cabinet. The fire-fighting structure of the energy storage electric cabinet is used for preventing and controlling fire-fighting accidents of the energy storage electric cabinet integrated with a battery pack, and comprises an energy storage container, a conveying pipeline, a circulating pump, an electromagnetic valve and a controller. Wherein a cooling medium is stored in the storage container; two ends of the conveying pipeline are respectively communicated with the battery pack and the storage container; the circulating pump is arranged on the conveying pipeline, so that the cooling medium tends to move from the storage container to the battery pack along the conveying pipeline; the electromagnetic valve is arranged on the conveying pipeline and is used for controlling the on-off of the conveying pipeline; the controller is electrically connected with a battery pack, the circulating pump and the electromagnetic valve and used for controlling starting and stopping of the circulating pump and opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve. The device has the advantages of quick response and high reliability, and has a better inhibition effect on thermal runaway and fire of the battery cell.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of energy storage devices, in particular to a fire protection structure for an energy storage electric cabinet.

[0002] The utility model also relates to an energy storage electric cabinet including the above-mentioned fire protection structure for the energy storage electric cabinet. Background Art

[0003] An energy storage electric cabinet is an integrated device that integrates an energy storage device (such as a battery pack), a power conversion system (including charging and discharging control devices), a thermal management system, a monitoring system, and a protection device. Its main function is to store electrical energy and release it when there is a power supply demand, and it can be used in various application scenarios such as balancing the power grid load, providing emergency power, and supporting the access of renewable energy. Energy storage electric cabinets generally use lithium-ion batteries as energy storage devices. Lithium-ion batteries have significant advantages in terms of energy density and charge-discharge cycle times. However, if lithium-ion batteries are in harsh working conditions such as overheating, overcharging, and short-circuiting for a long time, heat accumulation will occur inside them, leading to thermal runaway, and then fire or even explosion accidents. If the thermal runaway of a single cell cannot be effectively controlled, it is very easy to spread among the entire energy storage electric cabinet. In addition, lithium-ion batteries will release oxygen during spontaneous combustion, which further exacerbates the development of fire or explosion accidents.

[0004] Currently, common energy storage electric cabinets will adopt fire protection solutions using aerosols or perfluoroketone. Aerosols are integrated inside the battery pack and have a certain inhibitory effect on the open fire generated after the thermal runaway of the battery cells. However, since the lithium battery cells catch fire and are accompanied by the ejection of a large amount of molten matter and the generation of a large amount of toxic and harmful combustible gases. Even if the open fire is extinguished, it can continue to react and accumulate heat under anaerobic conditions, eventually leading to re-ignition. A fire protection system solution for an energy storage electric cabinet is proposed in the prior art. It uses a heat-melting pressure vessel filled with compressed inert gas and liquid working medium, which melts and breaks up under the action of high-temperature flue gas, and the liquid working medium is sprayed on the single battery cell that has experienced thermal runaway. Since the triggering of this structure requires the generation of high-temperature flue gas, its response timeliness to the phenomenon of battery cell thermal runaway is generally average.

[0005] From the above technical content, it can be known that the existing equipment or system for fire protection of energy storage electric cabinets has limited control effects on the fires or explosion accidents caused by the thermal runaway of battery cells, and has the shortcoming of poor reliability and slow response speed. Summary of the Utility Model

[0006] In view of this, the utility model aims to propose a fire protection structure for an energy storage electric cabinet, which can improve the response speed and inhibitory effect of the energy storage electric cabinet on the fires or explosion accidents caused by the thermal runaway of battery cells, and has good electrical safety and reliability.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present utility model is realized as follows:

[0008] A fire protection structure for an energy storage electric cabinet of the present utility model, including a fire protection structure for an energy storage electric cabinet integrated with battery packs, for preventing and controlling fire accidents of the energy storage electric cabinet, includes:

[0009] A storage container, internally storing a cooling medium;

[0010] A conveying pipeline, with two ends respectively communicating with the battery pack and the storage container;

[0011] A circulation pump, arranged on the conveying pipeline, to make the cooling medium have a tendency to move from the storage container along the conveying pipeline towards the battery pack;

[0012] A solenoid valve, arranged on the conveying pipeline, for controlling the on-off of the conveying pipeline;

[0013] A controller, electrically connected to the battery pack, the circulation pump, and the solenoid valve respectively, for controlling the start and stop of the circulation pump and the opening and closing of the solenoid valve.

[0014] Further, the conveying pipeline includes:

[0015] A main pipeline, with one end communicating with the storage container;

[0016] Branch pipelines, configured to be multiple in number corresponding one-to-one to the quantity and installation positions of the battery packs, and with one end communicating with the battery packs and the other end communicating with the main pipeline.

[0017] Further, the circulation pump is arranged on the main pipeline.

[0018] Further, the solenoid valves are arranged as multiple ones distributed one-to-one on the branch pipelines.

[0019] Further, the cooling medium is deionized coolant.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present utility model has the following advantages:

[0021] The fire protection structure of the energy storage cabinet described in the present utility model includes a storage container, a delivery pipeline, a circulation pump, a solenoid valve, and a controller. The storage container serves to store the cooling medium, and the cooling medium can enter the corresponding battery packs connected to the delivery pipeline from the storage container under the action of the circulation pump along the delivery pipeline. The solenoid valve controls the on-off of the delivery pipeline and is in the closed state under normal working conditions. The controller is electrically connected to the battery management chip of the battery pack. When the temperature of the battery cell rises abnormally and there is a risk of thermal runaway, the controller controls the solenoid valve to open and the circulation pump to start. The cooling medium enters the interior of the battery pack along the delivery pipeline under the action of the circulation pump to cool the battery cells. Compared with the prior art, it can control the temperature of the battery cells at the initial stage of thermal runaway, prevent it from developing into a fire or explosion accident, has the advantages of fast response speed, high reliability, and good electrical safety, and can better suppress the fire or explosion accident caused by the thermal runaway of the battery cells.

[0022] Secondly, by setting the delivery pipeline as a pipeline system formed by connecting a main pipeline and multiple branch pipelines, it can comprehensively cover multiple battery packs and battery cells stacked in the energy storage cabinet and provide fire protection respectively, improving the safety and application scope of the present application.

[0023] Furthermore, by installing the circulation pump on the main pipeline, it can realize the pressure supply to multiple branch pipelines, reducing the equipment installation and use costs compared with the scheme of setting circulation pumps separately.

[0024] In addition, by installing the solenoid valve on the branch pipeline, it can realize the independent control of each branch pipeline, avoiding the influence of the present application on other battery packs that have not experienced thermal runaway and causing unnecessary losses.

[0025] Moreover, as a fire extinguishing inhibitor, the cooling medium can carry out loop cooling and temperature control on a single battery cell at the initial stage of thermal runaway. By setting the cooling medium in the present application as deionized coolant, it has better insulation performance, can significantly reduce the risk of short-circuit arcing generated inside the battery pack due to the injection of the cooling medium, and avoid the further expansion of the accident.

[0026] In addition, the present utility model also proposes an energy storage cabinet provided with the above-mentioned fire protection structure of the energy storage cabinet, including:

[0027] A fire protection structure, adopting the fire protection structure as described above;

[0028] Battery modules, which are set as multiple stacked along the height direction;

[0029] A heat dissipation component for cooling the battery modules.

[0030] Further, the battery module includes:

[0031] A plurality of battery cells, which are arranged at equal intervals;

[0032] A collection slave board, which is electrically connected to the plurality of battery cells and the controller, and is used for monitoring and collecting the states of the battery cells;

[0033] A cold plate, which is arranged in contact with the plurality of battery cells and is communicated with the heat dissipation component.

[0034] Furthermore, the heat dissipation component includes:

[0035] An inlet water pipeline, which is communicated with the plurality of cold plates;

[0036] An outlet water pipeline, which is communicated with the plurality of cold plates;

[0037] A liquid chiller, the output end of which is communicated with the inlet water pipeline, and the input end of which is communicated with the outlet water pipeline.

[0038] Furthermore, the heat dissipation component further includes a buffer container, and the buffer container is communicated with the outlet water pipeline.

[0039] Furthermore, the storage container is communicated with the buffer container through a one-way valve, so that the cooling medium can enter the buffer container.

[0040] The fire protection structure in the energy storage electric cabinet of the present utility model has the same beneficial effects as the above-mentioned energy storage electric cabinet fire protection structure compared with the prior art, and will not be elaborated here.

[0041] In addition, the battery module in the energy storage electric cabinet of the present utility model includes battery cells, a collection slave board and a cold plate. Among them, the battery cells can be used as energy storage and energy supply units to provide electric energy supply. The collection slave board can detect the states of the battery cells. By being electrically connected to the controller, the states of the battery cells can be converted into electrical signals and transmitted to the controller, serving as the basis for the controller to control the opening and closing of the circulation pump and the start and stop of the solenoid valve. The cold plate can cooperate with the heat dissipation component to control the temperature of the battery cells, keep it within a suitable range, and ensure the charge and discharge cycle times and service life of the battery cells.

[0042] Secondly, the heat dissipation component includes an inlet water pipeline, an outlet water pipeline and a liquid chiller. The liquid chiller can cool down the coolant and transport it into the cold plate through the inlet water pipeline. The heated coolant can return from the cold plate to the liquid chiller through the outlet water pipeline, thus forming a circulation loop of the coolant.

[0043] Furthermore, by arranging a buffer container on the outlet water pipeline, the safety of the present application can be improved. When the temperature inside the battery module is relatively high and the volume of the coolant expands, the excess coolant can enter the buffer container, preventing the liquid cooling system from having too high pressure and causing liquid leakage and explosion.

[0044] In addition, by connecting the buffer container and the storage container through a one-way valve, the cooling medium in the storage container can enter the buffer container through the one-way valve. When the liquid level of the buffer container is lower than that of the storage container, the cooling medium in the storage container will automatically flow into the buffer container, thereby replenishing the heat dissipation component and reducing the cost of later equipment maintenance. Description of the Drawings

[0045] The drawings forming a part of the present utility model are used to provide a further understanding of the present utility model. The schematic embodiments and descriptions thereof of the present utility model are used to explain the present utility model and do not constitute an improper limitation to the present utility model. In the drawings:

[0046] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the energy storage electric cabinet in the embodiment of the present application;

[0047] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the energy storage electric cabinet in the embodiment of the present application.

[0048] Description of the Reference Numerals in the Drawings:

[0049] 1, cooling medium;

[0050] 2, storage container;

[0051] 201, one-way valve;

[0052] 3, conveying pipeline;

[0053] 301, main pipeline; 302, branch pipeline;

[0054] 4, circulation pump; 5, solenoid valve; 6, controller;

[0055] 7, battery module;

[0056] 701, battery cell; 702, acquisition slave board; 703, cold plate;

[0057] 8, heat dissipation component;

[0058] 801, water inlet pipeline; 802, water outlet pipeline; 803, liquid chiller; 804, buffer container. Detailed Embodiments

[0059] It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present utility model can be combined with each other. In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will describe the specific implementation manners of the present utility model with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present utility model. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings, and other implementation manners can also be obtained.

[0060] In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that if terms indicating orientation or positional relationship such as "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", etc. appear, they are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation to the present utility model. In addition, if terms such as "first", "second", etc. appear, they are also only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0061] Taking a fire protection structure for an energy storage electric cabinet and the energy storage electric cabinet described in the present utility model as an example, the orientation words such as "upper, lower, left, right, front, rear" used in the embodiments are defined based on the up and down direction (also known as the height direction, or the Z direction of the battery pack), left and right direction (also known as the width direction, or the Y direction of the battery pack), and front and rear direction (also known as the length direction, or the X direction of the battery pack) of the battery pack. "Inner" and "outer" are defined based on the contour of the corresponding component. For example, "inner" and "outer" defined based on the contour of the battery pack, the side closer to the middle of the battery pack is "inner", and vice versa is "outer".

[0062] In addition, in the description of the present utility model, unless otherwise clearly defined, the terms "installation", "connection", "connection", "connector" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present utility model can be understood in combination with specific situations.

[0063] The following will refer to the attached Figures 1 to 2 and will detail the present utility model in combination with the embodiments.

[0064] Embodiment 1

[0065] This embodiment relates to a fire protection structure of an energy storage cabinet, which stores cooling medium by setting a storage container, connects the storage container with a battery pack through a delivery pipeline, uses a circulating pump controlled by a controller to provide power for the movement of the cooling medium, and controls the on-off of the delivery pipeline by a solenoid valve controlled by the controller. By connecting the controller to the battery management chip of the battery pack as the basis for controlling the opening and closing of the solenoid valve and the start and stop of the circulating pump, the purpose of the invention is to improve the response speed and suppression effect of the energy storage cabinet to fire or explosion accidents caused by thermal runaway of the battery cell.

[0066] In terms of overall structure, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The fire protection structure of the energy storage cabinet of this embodiment includes a storage container 2, a delivery pipeline 3, a circulation pump 4, a solenoid valve 5 and a controller 6. A cooling medium 1 is stored in the storage container 2. One end of the delivery pipeline 3 is connected to the storage container 2, and the other end is connected to the inside of the battery pack. The solenoid valve 5 is installed on the delivery pipeline 3, and can be used to change the on-off state of the delivery pipeline 3 by changing the opening and closing state of the solenoid valve 5. When the solenoid valve 5 is opened, the delivery pipeline 3 is connected. When the solenoid valve 5 is closed, the delivery pipeline 3 is disconnected. The circulation pump 4 is installed on the delivery pipeline 3 and can provide power for the movement of the cooling medium 1. When the circulation pump 4 is turned on, the cooling medium 1 can have a tendency to flow from the storage container 2 to the inside of the battery pack. The controller 6 is electrically connected to the battery management chip of the battery pack, and is electrically connected to the solenoid valve 5 and the circulation pump 4, and can control the opening and closing of the solenoid valve 5 and the start and stop of the circulation pump 4.

[0067] As configured above, when the battery cell 701 in a battery pack abnormally heats up and begins to have a risk of thermal runaway, the battery management chip of the battery pack will transmit an electrical signal to the controller 6. After receiving the signal, the controller 6 controls the solenoid valve 5 to open and controls the circulation pump 4 to turn on. At this time, the delivery pipeline 3 from the storage container 2 to the battery pack that has abnormally heated up and has a risk of thermal runaway is connected, and the cooling medium 1 enters the battery pack that has abnormally heated up and has a risk of thermal runaway under the action of the circulation pump 4 to cool the circuit. The temperature can be controlled in the early stage of thermal runaway, which has advantages in timeliness and reliability compared to the solutions in the prior art.

[0068] Based on the above design concept, specifically, in this embodiment, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2, the conveying pipeline 3 includes a main pipeline 301 and branch pipelines 302. Among them, one end of the main pipeline 301 is connected to the storage container 2, and the other end is connected to a plurality of branch pipelines 302. Both ends of the branch pipeline 302 are respectively connected to the main pipeline 301 and the battery pack. By adopting the above structure, the fire protection structure in this embodiment can comprehensively cover a plurality of battery packs and battery cores 701 stacked in the energy storage cabinet and provide fire protection respectively, improving the safety and application scope of this application. On the basis of the above structure, the circulation pump 4 in this embodiment is arranged on the main pipeline 301, and the solenoid valves 5 in this embodiment are provided in a plurality corresponding one-to-one with the branch pipelines 302 and are respectively installed on each branch pipeline 302 for controlling the on-off of a single branch pipeline 302. By arranging the circulation pump 4 on the main pipeline 301, the pressure supply to a plurality of branch pipelines 302 can be realized, reducing the equipment installation and use costs compared with the scheme of separate arrangement. By arranging the solenoid valves 5 on the branch pipelines 302, independent control of each branch pipeline 302 can be realized, avoiding affecting other battery packs that have not experienced thermal runaway and causing unnecessary losses.

[0069] In order to further improve safety and avoid the situation that after the cooling medium 1 enters the battery pack, it causes arcing in the battery pack and exacerbates the short-circuit heating of the battery core 701, the cooling medium 1 is deionized coolant. The storage container 2 should be made of non-metallic material and have the functions of self-insulation and self-hydrogen inhibition.

[0070] Embodiment 2

[0071] This embodiment relates to an energy storage cabinet, including the energy storage cabinet fire protection structure involved in Embodiment 1.

[0072] In addition, the energy storage cabinet in this embodiment further includes a battery module 7 and a heat dissipation component 8.

[0073] Specifically, referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2, in this embodiment, the battery module 7 is stacked in the energy storage cabinet along its height direction, including battery cells 701, a collecting daughter board 702, and a cold plate 703. The battery cells 701 are stacked in the housing of the battery module 7 along their thickness direction, and there is a certain gap between the battery cells 701. The collecting daughter board 702 is electrically connected to the battery cells 701 to monitor the physical state of the battery cells 701 and can control the charging and discharging process of the battery cells 701. The collecting daughter board 702 is electrically connected to the controller 6 and can convert the physical state of the battery cells 701 into an electrical signal and transmit it to the controller 6, serving as the basis for the controller 6 to control the start and stop of the circulation pump 4 and the opening and closing of the solenoid valve 5. The cold plate 703 is disposed in contact with the battery cells 701, and a thermally conductive structural adhesive is bonded to the battery cells 701 to fix the positions of the battery cells 701. The cold plate 703 has a cavity inside, and the cold plate 703 is communicated with the heat dissipation assembly 8. The cavity serves as a part of the coolant flow circuit in the heat dissipation assembly 8 and can conduct the heat generated by the battery cells 701 to the outside of the telecommunication module during the process of the coolant flowing along the cavity of the cold plate 703. The cold plate 703 can be symmetrically disposed on the upper and lower or left and right sides of the battery cells 701 to achieve better heat dissipation efficiency.

[0074] Referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , in this embodiment, the heat dissipation assembly 8 includes an inlet pipeline 801, an outlet pipeline 802, and a liquid chiller 803. Among them, one end of the inlet pipeline 801 is communicated with the water inlet end of the cold plate 703, and the other end is communicated with the water outlet end of the liquid chiller 803. One end of the outlet pipeline 802 is communicated with the water outlet end of the cold plate 703, and the other end is communicated with the water inlet end of the liquid chiller 803. The liquid chiller 803 can transport low-temperature coolant to the cold plate 703 through the inlet pipeline 801, and the high-temperature coolant flowing out of the cold plate 703 can return to the liquid chiller 803 through the outlet pipeline 802 for cooling, thereby realizing the circulation of the coolant.

[0075] In order to further improve the safety of this application, the heat dissipation assembly 8 further includes a buffer container 804. The buffer container 804 is disposed on the outlet pipeline 802. When the coolant expands in volume due to temperature rise, the setting of the buffer container 804 reserves an expansion space for the volume expansion of the coolant, playing a buffering role and being able to avoid liquid leakage or even explosion accidents caused by excessive pressure of the coolant in the heat dissipation assembly 8.

[0076] In order to reduce the subsequent usage cost and maintenance cost, a one-way valve 201 is provided between the buffer container 804 and the storage container 2. The setting of the one-way valve 201 enables the cooling medium 1 in the storage container 2 to enter the buffer container 804. When the liquid level of the buffer container 804 is lower than that of the storage container 2, the cooling medium 1 in the storage container 2 will automatically flow into the buffer container 804, thereby replenishing the heat dissipation component 8 and reducing the cost for equipment maintenance in the later stage. The property of the one-way valve 201 being unidirectionally conductive prevents the coolant in the buffer container 804 from entering the storage container 2, avoiding contamination of the cooling medium 1 and ensuring the insulation performance of the cooling medium 1.

[0077] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified or equivalently replaced without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and they should all be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fire protection structure for an energy storage cabinet, used for fire accident prevention and control of an energy storage cabinet integrated with a battery pack, characterized in that: include: A storage container, wherein a cooling medium is stored; A delivery pipeline, both ends of which are connected to the battery pack and the storage container respectively; A circulation pump, arranged on the delivery pipeline, so that the cooling medium has a tendency to move from the storage container along the delivery pipeline to the battery pack; A solenoid valve, arranged on the delivery pipeline, for controlling the on-off of the delivery pipeline; The controller is electrically connected to the battery pack, the circulation pump and the solenoid valve, respectively, and is used to control the start and stop of the circulation pump and the opening and closing of the solenoid valve.

2. The fire protection structure of the energy storage cabinet according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The delivery pipeline comprises: A main pipeline, one end of which is connected to the storage container; The branch pipeline is constructed to have a plurality of branch pipelines corresponding to the number of battery packs and the installation positions, and one end of the branch pipeline is connected to the battery pack and the other end is connected to the main pipeline.

3. The fire protection structure of the energy storage cabinet according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The circulation pump is arranged on the main pipe.

4. The fire protection structure of the energy storage cabinet according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The solenoid valves are arranged in a plurality and distributed on the branch pipeline in a one-to-one correspondence.

5. The fire protection structure of the energy storage cabinet according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The cooling medium is a deionized cooling liquid.

6. An energy storage cabinet, characterized in that: include: A fire fighting structure, comprising the fire fighting structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5; The battery module is arranged to be stacked in a plurality in a height direction; The heat dissipation component is used to cool the battery module.

7. The energy storage cabinet according to claim 6, characterized in that: The battery module comprises: The battery cells are arranged to be a plurality of cells that are equally spaced; A data acquisition slave board, electrically connected to the plurality of battery cells and the controller, and used for status monitoring and data acquisition of the battery cells; A cold plate is arranged in contact with the plurality of battery cells and is connected to the heat dissipation component.

8. The energy storage cabinet according to claim 7, characterized in that: The heat dissipation component comprises: A water inlet pipeline connected to the plurality of cold plates; A water outlet pipeline is connected to the plurality of cold plates; A liquid chiller, wherein the output end is connected to the water inlet pipeline, and the input end is connected to the water outlet pipeline.

9. The energy storage cabinet according to claim 8, characterized in that: The heat dissipation component also includes: A buffer container is communicated with the water outlet pipeline.

10. The energy storage cabinet according to claim 9, characterized in that: The storage container is communicated with the buffer container via a one-way valve so that the cooling medium can enter the buffer container.

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