Railway turnout snow melting heating device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a railway turnout snow melting heating device, which belongs to the technical field of turnout snow melting equipment, and particularly structurally comprises at least one PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) ceramic heating block, two electrode plates, an insulating sheath and a shell, and is characterized in that the at least one PTC ceramic heating block and the two electrode plates are respectively adhered to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the PTC ceramic heating block; the insulating sheath is sleeved outside the electrode plate and the PTC ceramic heating block and then is embedded into the shell, and the shell is fixedly attached to the rail web of the steel rail. According to the utility model, the problem of damage caused by thermal fatigue can be effectively avoided, a circuit constructed by components is simpler, the requirement on electric control equipment is lower, the energy-saving and electrode plate clamping mode can be realized, the probability that the electrodes are burnt can be reduced, and particularly, the probability of failure can be further reduced due to the adoption of the electrodes made of aluminum materials.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of railway switch snow melting and heating equipment, and particularly relates to a railway switch snow melting and heating device. Background Art

[0002] Removing snow on railway switches in winter to prevent the switch turnout device from malfunctioning and avoid train operation safety accidents has always been a problem that railway transportation device manufacturers attach great importance to and find difficult to solve. After years of development, the current domestic railway switch snow removal devices mainly use the electric heating snow melting method at present. Due to the simple on-site equipment and relatively mature technology, without changing the existing equipment of the switch, the assembly and construction are simple and fast, which has become an ideal snow melting method adopted by the signal sections of each railway bureau in China.

[0003] The existing snow melting and ice melting equipment is installed on both sides of the web of the switch rail by electric heating. In the case of electric heating, if high-current heating is used to heat to 1000°C for high-temperature heat transfer and melting, the heat loss is large, and moreover, the requirements for the control equipment are high. Usually, in a low temperature environment of -30°C, the chip of the control equipment is difficult to work reliably.

[0004] The Chinese patent application (application number: 202020118768.X) discloses an energy-saving railway switch snow melting and heating device, and the Chinese patent application (application number: 202021198713.0) discloses a self-controlled temperature heating element for railway switch snow melting. Both use PTC alloy heating wires for heating and heat transfer to melt snow. Although the energy-saving effect is achieved, under the impact of alternating current, thermal fatigue occurs, and the change of thermal stress is more likely to cause damage, and a better sealing effect cannot be achieved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is: to provide a railway switch snow melting and heating device to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the utility model is: a railway switch snow melting and heating device, including a PTC ceramic heating block, electrode plates, an insulating sheath and a housing. At least one PTC ceramic heating block is used, and two electrode plates are used, which are respectively attached to the positive and negative poles of the PTC ceramic heating block. The insulating sheath is sleeved outside the electrode plates and the PTC ceramic heating block and then embedded into the housing.

[0007] Further, the above housing is fixedly attached to the web of the rail, and a heat conduction layer is provided at the joint where the housing is attached to the web.

[0008] Further, the above housing is a closed square structure or a U-shaped structure.

[0009] Furthermore, the above-mentioned snow melting and heating device for railway switches further includes a U-shaped card slot arranged outside the insulating sheath. One or two U-shaped card slots are used. When two are used, they are clamped up and down outside the insulating sheath and are located inside the outer shell or replace the outer shell. When one is used, it is clamped outside the insulating sheath and the outer side closes the outer shell or replaces the outer shell of the U-shaped structure.

[0010] Furthermore, the above-mentioned outer shell is made of stainless steel or high-strength aluminum alloy.

[0011] Furthermore, the above-mentioned snow melting and heating devices for railway switches are arranged in a stacked manner on the upper and lower sides of the rail web.

[0012] Furthermore, the above-mentioned outer shell is fixedly connected to the rail web by an elastic clip and is arranged along the length direction of the rail web. The elastic clip includes a horizontal U-shaped card slot plate one and a horizontal U-shaped card slot plate two. The horizontal U-shaped card slot plate one and the horizontal U-shaped card slot plate two are respectively attached to both sides of the rail base and are fixed by bolts. An elastic cantilever is arranged on the upper side of the horizontal U-shaped card slot plate one and can elastically press the outer shell or the U-shaped card slot against the rail web.

[0013] Furthermore, a groove or a support platform for accommodating the outer shell or the U-shaped card slot is arranged on the upper end of the elastic cantilever facing the side of the rail web. The width of the outer shell or the U-shaped card slot is greater than the depth of the groove or the height of the support platform facing the rail web direction.

[0014] Furthermore, the above-mentioned electrode plate is made of aluminum.

[0015] Furthermore, the length of the above-mentioned snow melting and heating device for railway switches is 1.1 - 5.8 m.

[0016] Furthermore, the above-mentioned snow melting and heating device for railway switches further includes a spring piece (11). The inner side of the spring piece (11) abuts against the outside of the insulating sheath (3) and is located directly outside the electrode plate (2), and the outer side abuts against the U-shaped card slot (6) or the outer shell (4).

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present utility model: Compared with the prior art, the effects of the present utility model are as follows:

[0018] (1) The present utility model adopts a sheet-type PTC ceramic heating block, uses electrode sheets for conductive connection and mechanical abutment, sleeved with an insulating sheath to form a heating body, embedded in the outer shell, and installed at the rail web for snow melting. The PTC heating made of ceramics is sintered at 1400 - 1500 °C, which can effectively avoid damage problems caused by thermal fatigue. The circuit of the component structure is simpler, the requirements for the electric control equipment are lower, and energy conservation can also be achieved. The electrode plate clamping method can reduce the probability of the electrode being burned out. Especially, the electrode made of aluminum can further reduce the probability of failure, and it can be applied to railway switches with rail installation requirements such as 50 Kg, 60 Kg, and 75 Kg;

[0019] The PTC ceramic heating block is small in volume, and many groups can be effectively installed and combined on the rail. Together with other components of the snow melting device, it is sealed, waterproof, energy-saving and efficient, effectively preventing the environment from taking away a large amount of heat from the heating elements and the heated rail, maximizing the utilization rate of the snow melting heating effect. At the same time, it also avoids the problems in the prior art, such as being prone to thermal fatigue and thermal stress changes under the impact of alternating current, which are more likely to cause damage, and being unable to achieve better sealing effect and high efficiency.

[0020] (2) After being connected by U-shaped slots, on the one hand, it plays an auxiliary supporting role during installation for the heating strips with a length of more than 1.1 m (especially in the case of 5.8 m) during the entire docking process. On the other hand, it also plays a more stable pressing and fitting role for the attached electrodes. Especially when two U-shaped slots are arranged oppositely, the conductive reliability effect of the electrode plate is better.

[0021] (3) Using stainless steel or high-strength aluminum alloy, while ensuring light weight, it ensures sufficient rigidity and strength to support the entire heating body.

[0022] (4) Using a layered snow melting device can increase the heating area, melt faster, and have a higher snow melting efficiency.

[0023] (5) Using elastic clamps to fix and connect to the rail web is convenient and fast to install, and has good connection reliability after installation.

[0024] (6) The aluminum electrode plate can effectively reduce the probability of electrode plate failure. Through experimental verification, this method has the best effect.

[0025] (7) The adopted installation sequence can greatly improve the installation efficiency and installation accuracy, and ensure the installation quality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the railway switch snow melting heating device in Embodiment 1;

[0027] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the railway switch snow melting heating device in Embodiment 1;

[0028] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the side sectional structure of the railway switch snow melting heating device;

[0029] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the side sectional structure of the railway switch snow melting heating device (removing the electrode plate);

[0030] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the railway switch snow melting heating device in Embodiment 2;

[0031] Figure 6Schematic diagram of the snow melting and heating device for railway switches in Embodiment 3;

[0032] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the snow melting and heating device for railway switches in Embodiment 4;

[0033] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the snow melting and heating device for railway switches in Embodiment 5;

[0034] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the snow melting and heating device for railway switches in Embodiment 6;

[0035] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the installation structure of the groove - type elastic card;

[0036] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the installation structure of the support - type heating device;

[0037] Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the installation structure of the support - type elastic card;

[0038] Figure 13 Schematic diagram of the structure of the stacked and parallel - connected heating device;

[0039] Figure 14 Schematic diagram of the snow melting and heating device for railway switches after adding spring pieces.

[0040] In the figure: 1, PTC ceramic heating block; 2, electrode plate; 3, insulating sheath; 4, outer shell; 5, rail; 6, U - shaped card slot; 7, elastic card; 8, groove 8; 9, support platform; 10, cable connection end; 701, horizontal U - shaped card slot plate one; 702, horizontal U - shaped card slot plate two; 703, bolt; 702, elastic cantilever. Detailed implementation mode

[0041] The following further introduces the present utility model in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0042] Embodiment 1: Refer to Figure 1-4As shown in FIGS. 10 - 13, a snow melting and heating device for railway switches includes a PTC ceramic heating block 1, electrode plates 2, an insulating sheath 3, and a housing 4. At least one PTC ceramic heating block 1 is used, and two electrode plates 2 are used, which are respectively attached to the positive and negative electrodes of the PTC ceramic heating block 1. The insulating sheath 3 is sleeved outside the electrode plates 2 and the PTC ceramic heating block 1 and then embedded into the housing 4. The housing 4 is fixedly attached to the web of the rail 5. A sheet - type PTC ceramic heating block is used, and electrode sheets are used for conductive connection and mechanical abutment, and an insulating sheath is sleeved to form a heating body, which is embedded into a U - shaped groove and a housing, and is installed at the web part of the rail to transfer heat for snow and ice melting. The PTC heating made of ceramics is sintered at 1400 - 1500 °C, which can effectively avoid damage problems caused by thermal fatigue. Since no large current needs to flow in, the circuit of the component structure is simpler, the requirements for electric control equipment are lower, and energy conservation, high efficiency, and self - limiting temperature regulation can also be achieved. The way of clamping and closely attaching the electrode plate and the ceramic heating block can reduce the probability of the electrode being burned out. Especially when the electrode is made of aluminum, the probability of failure can be further reduced.

[0043] To improve the stability of electrode connection and facilitate assembly, a snow melting and heating device for railway switches further includes two U - shaped card slots 6 arranged up and down between the insulating sheath 3 and the housing 4, and the two U - shaped card slots 6 are clamped to the outside of the insulating sheath 3 in an up - and - down opposite manner.

[0044] The housing is a closed square structure. The device needs to be firmly fixed on the track. The closed square - structured housing has good sealing performance to prevent water vapor and impurities from invading and adapt to various environments.

[0045] To ensure reliable support, the housing 4 is made of stainless steel or high - strength aluminum alloy. Using stainless steel or high - strength aluminum alloy can ensure sufficient rigidity and strength to support the entire heating body while ensuring light weight.

[0046] To improve the snow melting efficiency, the above - mentioned snow melting and heating device for railway switches with single - layer and multi - layer stacking arrangement on the rail web has a stacking structure, which increases the heating area, melts faster, and has a higher snow melting efficiency.

[0047] For the convenience of installation, the above-mentioned outer shell 4 is fixedly connected to the rail web by an elastic clip and arranged along the length direction of the rail web. The elastic clip 7 includes a horizontal U-shaped slot plate one 701 and a horizontal U-shaped slot plate two 702. The horizontal U-shaped slot plate one 701 and the horizontal U-shaped slot plate two 702 are respectively attached to both sides of the rail bottom on three sides and fixed by bolts 703. An elastic cantilever 704 arranged upward is provided on the upper side of the horizontal U-shaped slot plate one 701. The elastic cantilever 704 can elastically press the outer shell 4 or the U-shaped slot 6 against the rail web. Fixing and connecting to the rail web by an elastic clip is convenient and fast, and the connection reliability is good after installation. By using two horizontal U-shaped slot plates to butt against the bottom of the rail bottom, only the hollow position at the bottom needs to be opened (if it is gravel, only need to dig it open), and the installation can be completed. The installation is convenient, and the fixation is reliable and stable. The elastic cantilever 704 and the horizontal U-shaped slot plate one 701 are of an integral structure. The bottom of the elastic clip 7 is bent and butted against the upper side wall plate of the horizontal U-shaped slot plate one 704. A gap is maintained between the bent part at the bottom of the elastic clip 7 and the upper side slope surface of the rail bottom to avoid interference during the elastic pressing process and affect the stability of the elastic pressing.

[0048] For the convenience of quick positioning, in the heating device, a groove 8 or a support platform 9 for accommodating the outer shell 4 or the U-shaped slot 6 is provided on one side of the upper end of the elastic cantilever 704 facing the rail web. The groove or support platform structure accommodates or supports the outer shell, with stable support, convenient for quickly positioning to the set position, without the need for manual adjustment, reducing the adjustment difficulty and installation difficulty, and also providing the use stability. The width of the outer shell 4 or the U-shaped slot 6 is greater than the depth of the groove 8 or the height of the support platform 9 facing the rail web direction to avoid interference between the groove and the support platform and the rail web, which affects the fitting of the heating device and the rail web.

[0049] To improve the reliability of the electrode plate in conducting electricity, the above-mentioned electrode plate 2 is made of aluminum. A cable connection end 10 is provided at one end of the electrode plate. The cable connection end connects the cable to the power supply. The aluminum electrode plate can effectively avoid the probability of electrode plate failure.

[0050] To ensure that the operation of the switch drive mechanism is not affected after snow melting in the snow melting section, the length of the railway switch snow melting heating device is 1.1 - 5.8 m, which can ensure the reliability of heating and snow melting in the snow melting section.

[0051] A heat conduction layer (such as heat conduction silicone or graphite heat conduction glue, etc.) is provided on the fitting surface between the railway switch snow melting heating device and the rail web. On the one hand, it plays a role in completely fitting the railway switch snow melting heating device. On the other hand, it avoids large heat energy loss caused by the existence of gaps. Because the fitting part of the rail web is not necessarily completely flat, especially for the fitting of a curved rail web, it is more difficult to ensure the existence of gaps. With the cooperation of the heat conduction layer and the elastic clip, the fixing stability and fitting reliability can be better.

[0052] After testing, the snow melting thickness can reach more than 70mm. The melting time is fast or slow depending on the number of heating units and parallel units. The surge of two parallel heating units with a length of 5.8m does not exceed 13 amperes, and the surge does not reach the maximum value instantaneously but slowly reaches 13 amperes, without the destructive force of instantaneous impact. Once the current is stable, the power is stable, the current is between 3 - 5 amperes, and the energy-saving effect is excellent. When the temperature reaches the rated power temperature (i.e., the Curie temperature), it fully meets the standards of durability, constancy, and energy conservation.

[0053] The heating device is installed on the web of the rail using elastic clips, which is convenient and fast for installation and disassembly. After installation, the connection reliability is good, and it does not affect the normal conversion of the turnout, meeting the requirements of the Railway Industry Standard TB / T3539 - 2018 of the People's Republic of China: a) meeting the installation requirements of standard rails such as 50Kg / m, 60Kg / m, 75Kg / m, etc.; for the various indicators of the components related to the fixed fixture, b) the corrosion resistance of various clamps for fixing the heating element complies with the provisions of GB / T6461 - 2002; c) bolts for fixing the components are all equipped with lock nuts; after the fixed electric heating element is heated, it will not creep towards the handle direction, and the technical parameters of the fixing fixture meet the requirements of the rail standard for the rail gripping force and the pressure bar force. The utility model is sealed by welding in a 10X20mm stainless steel protective shell or a special aluminum alloy protection groove, and the cable is connected through a sealed waterproof joint, and the protection level is greater than IP65.

[0054] Example 2: Refer to Figure 1 、 3 -5 and 10 - 13, different from Example 1, a single U-shaped card slot 6 is used, which is clamped outside the insulating sheath 3 from top to bottom or from bottom to top, facilitating assembly. With a closed-type outer shell, the electrode plate fits stably and reliably.

[0055] Example 3: Refer to Figure 1 、 3 -4, 6 and 10 - 13, different from Example 1, the outer shell 4 adopts a U-shaped structure and is clamped outside the two butt-jointed U-shaped card slots 6 from bottom to top.

[0056] Example 4: Refer to Figure 1 、 3 -4, 7 and 10 - 13, different from Example 1, the closed square outer shell is directly sleeved outside the insulating sheath 3 without setting the U-shaped card slot 6, reducing the weight, facilitating assembly, and having better flexibility.

[0057] Example 5: Refer to Figure 1 、 3As shown in FIGS. -4, 8, and 10-13, different from Embodiment 1, no outer shell is required. One U-shaped slot 6 (replacing the outer shell or an outer shell equivalent to the U-shaped structure is the same) is used and is snap-fitted outside the insulating sheath 3 from bottom to top. This structure is convenient for assembly, does not require an additional outer shell, is lighter in weight, and has better flexibility.

[0058] Embodiment 6: Refer to Figure 1 、 3 As shown in FIGS. -4, 9, and 10-13, different from Embodiment 1, no outer shell is required. Two U-shaped slots 6 are used and are snap-fitted outside the insulating sheath 3 in an up-and-down opposite manner. This result does not require an additional outer shell. The two stainless-steel U-shaped slots 6 act as the outer shell. With one less layer of the outer shell, it is lighter in weight and more convenient to fit the track. Especially when used on a complete track, it has better flexibility and is more conducive to fitting (the PTC ceramic blocks are small, will not break, and the mutual influence is also avoided). With double-sided snap-fitting, the snap-fitting adhesion is better, and the electrode plate is more conducive to stable fitting.

[0059] Embodiment 7: Refer to Figure 1 、 3 As shown in FIGS. -4 and 10-14, different from Embodiments 1-6, a spring piece is added on the basis of Embodiments 1-6 to improve the conductive reliability between the electrode plate and the PTC ceramic heating block 1. That is, a railway switch snow melting heating device further includes a spring piece 11. The inner side of the spring piece 11 abuts against the outside of the insulating sheath 3 and is located directly outside the electrode plate 2, and the outer side abuts against the U-shaped slot 6 or the outer shell 4. The spring piece is installed on one side or both sides. By using the spring piece to squeeze the electrode plate and the PTC ceramic heating block to be closely fitted, it can ensure better conductive reliability, especially in the case of a curved track or an uneven surface, the conductive reliability is higher.

[0060] Embodiment 8: An assembly method of a railway switch snow melting heating device. The method is as follows: Press the two wide sides of one or more adjacent PTC ceramic heating blocks 1 against two electrode plates 2, sleeved the insulating sheath 3 outside the electrode plates 2 and the PTC ceramic heating blocks 1, and tightly snap-fitted the U-shaped slot 6 outside the insulating sheath 3 to form a strip-shaped semi-finished product. The strip-shaped semi-finished product is sent into the outer shell 4 to form a railway switch snow melting heating device. The railway switch snow melting heating device is installed on both sides of the rail waist of the rail 5. If it is necessary to provide a heating speed, two sets are placed one above the other. If there are no devices blocking on the other side of the rail waist, the railway switch snow melting heating device can also be arranged. The adopted installation sequence can greatly improve the installation efficiency and installation accuracy, and the installation quality can also be ensured.

[0061] The assembly methods of Embodiments 2-7 can refer to the assembly method of Embodiment 8.

[0062] The snow melting and heating device for railway switches needs to be compatible with the railway switch system to ensure that the switches can be normally switched under snow accumulation conditions and guarantee the safety of train operation. The snow melting and heating device for railway switches can be integrated with or cooperate with the track condition monitoring system to monitor the snow accumulation on the track in real time and activate the snow melting function in a timely manner. The components of the snow melting and heating device for railway switches need to use low-temperature resistant materials, which can maintain performance in extremely low-temperature environments without brittle fracture. The design of the snow melting and heating device for railway switches needs to consider heat preservation and insulation to reduce heat loss and improve the snow melting efficiency. The snow melting and heating device for railway switches uses high-efficiency heating elements such as PTC ceramic heating blocks, heating wires, and PCT conductive carbon particles to quickly melt the snow. The snow melting and heating device for railway switches integrates a temperature control system, which automatically adjusts the heating power according to the ambient temperature and snow accumulation conditions to avoid overheating. The snow melting and heating device for railway switches adopts a modular design, which is convenient for installation, maintenance, and replacement. The snow melting and heating device for railway switches is firmly fixed on the track and has good sealing performance to prevent water vapor and impurities from invading and adapt to various environments.

[0063] The above is only the specific implementation manner of the present utility model, but the protection scope of the present utility model is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present utility model can easily think of changes or substitutions, which should all be covered within the protection scope of the present utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of the present utility model shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A railway turnout snow melting heating device, comprising a PTC ceramic heating block (1), an electrode plate (2), an insulating sheath (3) and a housing (4), wherein at least one PTC ceramic heating block (1) is used, and two electrode plates (2) are used, which are respectively attached to the positive and negative electrodes of the PTC ceramic heating block (1), and the insulating sheath (3) is sleeved outside the electrode plate (2) and the PTC ceramic heating block (1) and then embedded in the housing (4).

2. The railway turnout snow melting and heating device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer shell (4) is fixedly attached to the waist of the steel rail (5), and a heat conducting layer is provided at the location where the outer shell (4) and the waist of the rail are attached.

3. A railway turnout snow melting and heating device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The housing (4) is a closed square structure or a U-shaped structure.

4. A railway turnout snow melting and heating device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: It also comprises a U-shaped card slot (6) arranged outside the insulating sheath (3); one or two U-shaped card slots (6) are used; when two are used, they are relatively clamped on the outside of the insulating sheath (3) from top to bottom and are located inside the outer shell (4) or replace the outer shell (4); when one is used, it is clamped on the outside of the insulating sheath (3) and the outer side closes the outer shell (4) or replaces the outer shell (4) of the U-shaped structure.

5. A railway turnout snow melting and heating device according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that: The housing (4) is made of stainless steel or high-strength aluminum alloy.

6. The railway turnout snow melting and heating device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The railway turnout snow melting and heating device is arranged in layers on the rail waist.

7. The railway turnout snow melting and heating device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The outer shell (4) is fixedly connected to the rail waist by a plurality of elastic clips (7) and arranged along the length direction of the rail waist. The elastic clips (7) comprise a horizontal U-shaped card slot plate 1 (701) and a horizontal U-shaped card slot plate 2 (702). The horizontal U-shaped card slot plate 1 (701) and the horizontal U-shaped card slot plate 2 (702) are respectively attached to two sides of the rail bottom and fixed by bolts (703). An upwardly arranged elastic cantilever (704) is provided on the upper side of the horizontal U-shaped card slot plate 1 (701). The elastic cantilever (704) can elastically press the outer shell (4) or the U-shaped card slot (6) onto the rail waist.

8. The railway turnout snow melting and heating device according to claim 7, characterized in that: A groove (8) or a support platform (9) for accommodating the outer shell (4) or the U-shaped groove (6) is provided on the upper end of the elastic cantilever (704) on the side facing the rail waist, and the width of the outer shell (4) or the U-shaped groove (6) is greater than the depth of the groove (8) or the height of the support platform (9) in the direction towards the rail waist.

9. A railway turnout snow melting and heating device according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that: The electrode plate (2) is made of aluminum.

10. The railway turnout snow melting and heating device according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also comprises a spring sheet (11), the inner side of the spring sheet (11) abuts against the outside of the insulating sheath (3) and is located directly outside the electrode plate (2), and the outer side abuts against the U-shaped slot (6) or the outer shell (4).

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