Hydraulic breaking hammer

Abstract

The utility model provides a hydraulic breaking hammer, and belongs to the technical field of breaking hammers. The breaking hammer solves the problems of how to reduce the galling phenomenon generated when a piston moves back and forth and how to improve the use stability of the breaking hammer. The hydraulic breaking hammer comprises a middle cylinder body, a piston arranged in the middle cylinder body in a sliding mode and a piston sleeve arranged at the end of the piston in a sleeving mode and located between the piston and the middle cylinder body, buffer blocks are arranged at the two ends of the piston respectively, and the buffer blocks are elastic and abut against the peripheral face of the piston. The buffer block located at one end of the piston acts between the piston and the middle cylinder body, and the buffer block located at the other end of the piston acts between the piston and the piston sleeve. Lateral force generated in the piston movement process is absorbed through the buffer block, friction between the piston and the inner wall of the piston hole is reduced, the galling phenomenon is reduced, and the working stability of the breaking hammer is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of hydraulic breakers and relates to a hydraulic breaker. Background Art

[0002] A hydraulic breaker is usually installed on an excavator, a loader or a power station for use. It has the advantages of large impact force, convenient use, good mobility and high efficiency, and is widely used in destructive work such as mountain opening and quarrying.

[0003] The existing hydraulic breaker generally includes a front cylinder block, a middle cylinder block and a rear cylinder block. A drill rod is arranged in the front cylinder block. The middle cylinder block is connected to the front cylinder block. A piston hole is formed in the middle cylinder block. A piston is slidably arranged in the piston hole. The piston is coaxially arranged with the piston hole. A clearance fit is adopted between the piston and the middle cylinder block. The piston reciprocates along the axial direction of the middle cylinder block to strike the drill rod. A rear oil cavity is arranged at the rear part of the middle cylinder block. In order to prevent the oil in the rear oil cavity from flowing out through the gap between the rear part of the middle cylinder block and the piston, a piston sleeve is arranged between the piston and the rear part of the middle cylinder block. Seals are arranged on both the inner side surface and the outer side surface of the piston sleeve. In addition, a seal is also arranged between the piston and the middle cylinder block. The above-mentioned seals not only perform oil sealing but also support the piston.

[0004] When the existing hydraulic breaker structure is in use, affected by factors such as the supporting force of the seal, the completely vertical state of the drill rod during operation, and the vibration of the piston, a certain lateral force will be generated on the piston. The piston makes an eccentric movement in the cylinder block, that is, the piston is not coaxial with the piston hole. The piston swings under the action of force, resulting in friction between the piston and the middle cylinder block and the piston sleeve, which will cause scoring on the middle cylinder block, the piston and the piston sleeve, and damage will occur, affecting the stability of the use of the hydraulic breaker. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a hydraulic breaker aiming at the above problems existing in the prior art. The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is: how to reduce the scoring phenomenon generated when the piston reciprocates and improve the stability of the use of the breaker.

[0006] The purpose of the utility model can be achieved by the following technical solutions: a hydraulic breaker, including a middle cylinder block, a piston slidably arranged in the middle cylinder block, and a piston sleeve sleeved on the end of the piston and located between the piston and the middle cylinder block, characterized in that buffer blocks are respectively arranged at both ends of the piston. The buffer blocks are elastic and abut against the outer peripheral surface of the piston. The buffer block at one end of the piston acts between the piston and the middle cylinder block, and the buffer block at the other end of the piston acts between the piston and the piston sleeve.

[0007] In the prior art, a clearance fit is adopted between the piston and the middle cylinder block to achieve the reciprocating motion of the piston. In this structure, the buffer block abutting against the outer peripheral surface of the piston preferentially supports the piston. First, when the piston has an eccentric motion tendency, the lateral force of the piston acts on the abutting buffer block preferentially. The elastic buffer block can deform, and while supporting, the buffer block can preferentially absorb the lateral force of the piston, reducing the friction between the piston and the middle cylinder block, and between the piston and the piston sleeve, and reducing the scoring of the middle cylinder block, the piston sleeve and the piston. Second, the buffer block can also correct the eccentric motion of the piston. During the process of the buffer blocks at both ends of the piston restoring deformation, elastic forces act on both ends of the piston respectively, which can adjust the eccentric state of the piston and make it return to the concentric state, so that the piston can perform subsequent motion in the concentric state, improving the stability of the hydraulic breaker during use.

[0008] In the above-mentioned hydraulic breaker, piston holes for the piston to slide are provided on both the middle cylinder block and the piston sleeve. The above-mentioned buffer block is arranged in each piston hole and the buffer block protrudes relative to the hole wall of the piston hole. By arranging the buffer block in the piston hole, the buffer block is assembled on the basis of the existing structure, reducing the modification cost. At the same time, the buffer block has a better supporting effect on the piston, and can better share the supporting pressure received by the seals between the middle cylinder block and the piston, between the piston and the piston sleeve, and between the piston sleeve and the middle cylinder block, extending the service life of the seals and further improving the stability of the hydraulic breaker during use; in addition, the buffer block protruding from the piston hole wall can be preferentially stressed and deformed when the piston has an eccentric motion tendency, absorbing the lateral force and reducing the friction between the piston and the piston hole wall, further improving the stability of the hydraulic breaker during use.

[0009] In the above-mentioned hydraulic breaker, the buffer block includes a force-receiving surface abutting against the outer peripheral surface of the piston, and the force-receiving surface is arc-shaped. The arc-shaped force-receiving surface can quickly transmit the received lateral force outward to the middle cylinder block or the piston sleeve, improving the supporting effect of the buffer block on the piston.

[0010] In the above-mentioned hydraulic breaker, the number of the buffer blocks is at least two, and the buffer blocks are arranged circumferentially around the piston and the buffer blocks abut against the outer peripheral surface of the piston. The number of the buffer blocks is set according to actual needs. Arranging several buffer blocks circumferentially on the outer peripheral surface of the piston can make the force evenly distributed, and can absorb the lateral forces from different directions, reducing the friction between the piston and the middle cylinder block, and between the piston and the piston sleeve, and better correcting the eccentric state of the piston, further improving the stability of the hydraulic breaker during use.

[0011] In the above-mentioned hydraulic breaker, guide rings are respectively sleeved on both ends of the piston, and the buffer blocks are fixed on the inner rings of the guide rings. By arranging guide rings between the buffer blocks and the middle cylinder block, and between the buffer blocks and the piston sleeve, the supporting effect of the buffer blocks on the piston is improved, and the deformation buffering and correction effects of the buffer blocks are enhanced, further improving the stability of the hydraulic breaker during use.

[0012] In the above hydraulic breaker, a groove is recessed in the hole wall of the piston hole, the guide ring is located in the groove, and the buffer block protrudes from the notch of the groove. The groove restricts the axial movement of the guide ring and the buffer block. When the piston makes an axial reciprocating movement in the piston hole, it will not drive the guide ring and the buffer block to move axially. The buffer block protrudes from the hole wall of the piston hole and can come into contact with the outer peripheral surface of the piston earlier. Therefore, when the piston has an eccentric movement, it will deform preferentially and absorb the lateral force of the piston, thereby better improving the stability of the hydraulic breaker during use.

[0013] In the above hydraulic breaker, the guide ring is made of a non-metallic material. Since the buffer block on the guide ring abuts against the outer peripheral surface of the piston, when the piston makes an axial reciprocating movement along the piston hole, the guide ring is subjected to a force and has a tendency to move axially. Using a non-metallic material can reduce the collision between the guide ring and the groove wall, protecting the guide ring.

[0014] In the above hydraulic breaker, a main seal and a buffer seal are also provided on the hole wall of the piston hole of the middle cylinder block, and the buffer block is located between the main seal and the buffer seal. Through the position arrangement of the buffer block, the main seal and the buffer seal, one buffer block shares the support pressure received by the seals on both sides, prolonging the service life of the seals and further improving the stability of the hydraulic breaker during use.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present hydraulic breaker has the following advantages:

[0016] 1. By providing a guide ring in the piston hole, the guide rings sleeved on both ends of the piston can not only be used for guiding the sliding of the piston, but also support the piston at both ends and radially restrain the piston;

[0017] 2. The buffer blocks arranged circumferentially around the piston can elastically deform to absorb the lateral force of the piston, limit the swing amplitude of the piston, reduce the friction between the piston and the inner wall of the piston hole, reduce the occurrence of scoring phenomenon, and improve the working stability of the breaker;

[0018] 3. The buffer block that restores its deformation acts on the piston in the reverse direction, making the piston return to the coaxial state with the piston hole, facilitating subsequent work. Description of the Drawings

[0019] Figure 1 is a half-sectional view of the assembly drawing of the middle cylinder block, piston and piston sleeve of the present hydraulic breaker.

[0020] Figure 2 is Figure 1 the enlarged view at A in

[0021] Figure 3 is Figure 1 the enlarged view at B in

[0022] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural view of the top surface of the guide ring.

[0023] Figure 5 It is Figure 4 the C-C cross-sectional view in

[0024] Figure 6 It is the front view of the mating structure of the middle cylinder block and the piston sleeve.

[0025] Figure 7 It is Figure 6 the D-D cross-sectional view in

[0026] In the figure, 1 is the middle cylinder block; 2 is the piston; 3 is the piston sleeve; 4 is the buffer block; 5 is the guide ring; 6 is the piston hole; 6a is the groove; 6b is the first installation groove; 6c is the second installation groove; 7 is the main seal; 8 is the buffer seal. Specific embodiments

[0027] The following are specific embodiments of the present invention and in combination with the accompanying drawings, the technical solutions of the present invention will be further described, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[0028] As Figure 1 shown, this hydraulic breaker includes a middle cylinder block 1, a piston 2 and a piston sleeve 3. The piston 2 is in a long strip shape. Bar-shaped piston holes 6 are provided on both the middle cylinder block 1 and the piston sleeve 3. The piston 2 is located in the piston hole 6 and the piston sleeve 3 is located at one end of the piston 2. The piston 2 is in clearance fit with the wall of the piston hole 6, and the piston 2 can reciprocate axially in the piston hole 6.

[0029] As Figure 1 shown, annular guide rings 5 are respectively sleeved at both ends of the piston 2. The guide rings 5 are made of non-metallic materials, and materials such as polyimide and polytetrafluoroethylene can be used. Combining Figure 5 shown, a block-shaped and elastic buffer block 4 is provided on the inner wall of the guide ring 5. The buffer block 4 protrudes relative to the inner ring of the guide ring 5. The buffer block 4 can be made of elastic materials such as polyurethane elastomer and rubber. The buffer blocks 4 at both ends respectively act between the piston 2 and the middle cylinder block 1 and between the piston 2 and the piston sleeve 3. The number of buffer blocks 4 is at least two. In this embodiment, 72 buffer blocks 4 are adopted. Combining Figure 2 and Figure 3 shown, the buffer block has elasticity, and a number of buffer blocks are arranged equidistantly around the inner wall of the guide ring 5. After the guide ring 5 is sleeved on the piston 2, a number of buffer blocks are arranged circumferentially and equidistantly around the outer peripheral surface of the guide ring 5, and the protruding end of each buffer block is in tight contact with the outer peripheral surface of the guide ring 5.

[0030] As Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown in the figure, annular grooves 6a recessed are provided on the hole walls of the piston holes 6 of the middle cylinder block 1 and the hole walls of the piston holes 6 of the piston sleeves 3. The guide rings 5 are arranged in the grooves 6a. The inner walls of the grooves 6a can limit the axial displacement distance of the guide rings 5 in the piston holes 6. The inner walls of the guide rings 5 are flush with the hole walls of the piston holes 6. The buffer blocks 4 protrude relative to the hole walls of the piston holes 6. Both the guide rings 5 and the buffer blocks 4 can support the piston 2, so that when the piston 2 has an eccentric tendency after being loaded, it will contact the buffer blocks first. The buffer blocks absorb energy to reduce the friction between the piston 2 and the hole walls of the piston holes 6. Further, as Figure 4 shown, the buffer block 4 includes a force-receiving surface 4a in an arc shape. The force-receiving surface 4a protrudes from the hole wall of the piston hole 6. The highest position of the force-receiving surface 4a abuts against the outer peripheral surface of the piston 2. In this embodiment, the force-receiving surface 4a is in line contact with the outer peripheral surface of the piston 2. The arc-shaped force-receiving surface 4a can quickly transfer the lateral force received to the guide ring, increasing its supporting force on the piston 2.

[0031] When the breaker is working, the piston 2 slides in the piston hole 6. When it has a swinging and eccentric tendency under the lateral force, the buffer blocks between the piston 2 and the middle cylinder block 1 and between the piston 2 and the piston sleeve 3 are preferentially deformed by the force, realizing energy absorption, slowing down the swinging of the piston 2, so as to reduce the friction between the piston 2 and the hole walls of the piston holes 6 of the middle cylinder block 1 and the hole walls of the piston holes 6 of the piston sleeve 3, reducing the lapping phenomenon, improving the stability of the hydraulic breaker during use. The buffer blocks that absorb the energy load can recover the deformation due to their own elastic force. The elastic force acts on the piston 2, causing the piston 2 to reset and return to the coaxial state to carry out subsequent work, thereby further improving the stability of the hydraulic breaker during use.

[0032] As Figure 7 shown, the hole walls of the piston holes 6 of the middle cylinder block 1 are also provided with a first installation groove 6b for installing the main seal 7 and a second installation groove 6c for installing the buffer seal 8. Combining Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the main seal 7 arranged in the first installation groove 6b and the buffer seal 8 arranged in the second installation groove 6c are both in sealing cooperation with the outer peripheral surface of the piston 2. The groove 6a for installing the guide ring 5 is opened between the first installation groove 6b and the second installation groove 6c. The buffer blocks protrude relative to the main seal 7 and the buffer seal 8 and abut against the outer peripheral surface of the piston 2. The buffer blocks play a main supporting role relative to the main seal 7 and the buffer seal 8, can share the lateral force received by the two seals, protect the two seals, and further improve the stability of the hydraulic breaker during use.

[0033] The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the present invention. Those skilled in the art of the present invention can make various modifications or supplements to the described specific embodiments or use similar methods for substitution, but will not deviate from the spirit of the present invention or exceed the scope defined by the appended claims.

[0034] Although the terms such as piston, buffer block, guide ring, etc. are used more frequently in this text, the possibility of using other terms is not excluded. The use of these terms is only for more convenient description and explanation of the essence of the present utility model; any interpretation of them as an additional limitation is contrary to the spirit of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A hydraulic breaker, comprising a cylinder (1), a piston (2) slidably disposed in the cylinder (1), and a piston sleeve (3) sleeved on the end of the piston (2) and located between the piston (2) and the cylinder (1), characterized in that: Buffer blocks (4) are respectively provided at both ends of the piston (2); the buffer blocks (4) are elastic and abut against the outer peripheral surface of the piston (2); the buffer block (4) located at one end of the piston (2) acts between the piston (2) and the middle cylinder body (1); and the buffer block (4) located at the other end of the piston (2) acts between the piston (2) and the piston sleeve (3).

2. The hydraulic breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that: The middle cylinder body (1) and the piston sleeve (3) are both provided with piston holes (6) for the piston (2) to slide, and each of the piston holes (6) is provided with the above-mentioned buffer block (4), and the buffer block (4) protrudes relative to the hole wall of the piston hole (6).

3. The hydraulic breaker according to claim 2, characterized in that: The buffer block (4) comprises a force-bearing surface (4a) abutting against the outer peripheral surface of the piston (2), and the force-bearing surface (4a) is arc-shaped.

4. The hydraulic breaker according to claim 3, characterized in that: The number of the buffer blocks (4) is at least two, and the buffer blocks (4) are arranged around the circumference of the piston (2).

5. The hydraulic breaker according to claim 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that: Guide rings (5) are respectively sleeved on both ends of the piston (2), and the buffer block (4) is fixed on the inner ring of the guide ring (5).

6. The hydraulic breaker according to claim 5, characterized in that: The hole wall of the piston hole (6) is recessed with a groove (6a), the guide ring (5) is located in the groove (6a), and the buffer block (4) protrudes out of the notch of the groove (6a).

7. The hydraulic breaker according to claim 5, characterized in that: The guide ring (5) is made of non-metallic material.

8. The hydraulic breaker according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that: A main seal (7) and a buffer seal (8) are also provided on the hole wall of the piston hole (6) of the middle cylinder body (1), and the buffer block (4) is located between the main seal (7) and the buffer seal (8).

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