Battery pack

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of batteries, and discloses a battery pack. The battery pack comprises a liquid cooling assembly and a plurality of module assemblies, the plurality of module assemblies are stacked in a first direction, a gap is formed between every two adjacent module assemblies, each module assembly comprises at least two battery modules, and the at least two battery modules are arranged in a second direction; the liquid cooling assemblies are arranged in the gaps, fixed to the module assemblies adjacent to the liquid cooling assemblies and configured to conduct heat exchange on the adjacent module assemblies. According to the battery pack, the module assemblies are stacked, so that the plane perpendicular to the first direction and the space in the first direction are more compact, and the energy density of the battery pack is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a battery pack. Background Art

[0002] With the development of new energy vehicles, the safety and reliability of power batteries are becoming increasingly important. As the power source of new energy vehicles, the power battery system must be designed with a reasonable thermal management system to ensure its efficient and reliable operation. With the increasing requirement for the energy system density, the space of the battery pack is becoming more and more compact. The battery pack includes a plurality of battery modules. In the prior art, each battery module is correspondingly provided with a liquid cooling component. When the liquid cooling component is installed, it occupies a large amount of space in the battery pack, resulting in a large gap between adjacent battery modules in the horizontal direction, reducing the space utilization rate in the battery pack and the energy density of the battery pack.

[0003] Therefore, it is urgent to design a battery pack to solve the above problems. Summary of the Utility Model

[0004] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a battery pack, which can improve the space utilization rate in the stacking direction of the module components in the battery pack and in the plane perpendicular to the stacking direction, thereby improving the energy density of the battery pack.

[0005] To achieve this purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A battery pack, comprising:

[0007] A plurality of module components, stacked along a first direction, and there is a gap between two adjacent module components. The module components include at least two battery modules, and at least two battery modules are arranged along a second direction;

[0008] A liquid cooling component, arranged in the gap, fixed on the adjacent module component, and configured to exchange heat with the adjacent module component;

[0009] The first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other.

[0010] As an optional solution, the battery pack further includes a connection component. The two ends of the liquid cooling component along the second direction protrude from the corresponding module component and are connected to the outer side wall of the adjacent module component through the connection component.

[0011] As an optional solution, the connection component includes:

[0012] A first connecting plate, connected to the liquid cooling component;

[0013] The second connecting plate is connected to the above-mentioned first connecting plate and is also connected to the outer side wall of the above-mentioned module assembly.

[0014] As an optional solution, the above-mentioned connecting component further includes a reinforcing member, and both sides of the above-mentioned reinforcing member are respectively connected to the planes of the above-mentioned first connecting plate and the above-mentioned second connecting plate.

[0015] As an optional solution, the above-mentioned battery module includes an enclosing plate assembly and a locking member. The above-mentioned enclosing plate assembly includes two relatively arranged first side plates and two relatively arranged second side plates. The above-mentioned second connecting plate is provided with a first through hole, and the above-mentioned first side plate is provided with a second through hole; the above-mentioned locking member sequentially passes through the first through hole, the above-mentioned second through hole and locks with the above-mentioned second side plate.

[0016] As an optional solution, the above-mentioned liquid cooling component includes:

[0017] A plurality of liquid cooling plates, which are independent of each other and arranged in sequence along the third direction. Each of the above-mentioned liquid cooling plates extends along the above-mentioned second direction, and the plurality of above-mentioned liquid cooling plates are used to jointly exchange heat with the adjacent above-mentioned module assembly;

[0018] Two liquid cooling end plates, both ends of the above-mentioned liquid cooling plates along the above-mentioned second direction are respectively communicated with the two above-mentioned liquid cooling end plates, and the above-mentioned liquid cooling end plates are connected to the above-mentioned connecting components at the corresponding ends;

[0019] Liquid cooling joints, and each of the above-mentioned liquid cooling end plates is communicated with the above-mentioned liquid cooling joints. The above-mentioned liquid cooling joints are arranged in the middle of the corresponding above-mentioned liquid cooling end plates along the third direction;

[0020] The above-mentioned third direction is perpendicular to both the above-mentioned first direction and the above-mentioned second direction.

[0021] As an optional solution, among two adjacent above-mentioned module assemblies, at least one protrudes towards the direction close to the other, so as to form the above-mentioned gap between the two above-mentioned battery modules.

[0022] As an optional solution, a buffer member is arranged between at least one side of the above-mentioned liquid cooling component along the above-mentioned first direction and the adjacent above-mentioned module assembly.

[0023] As an optional solution, a thermal conductive adhesive layer is arranged between at least one side of the above-mentioned liquid cooling component along the above-mentioned first direction and the adjacent above-mentioned module assembly.

[0024] As an optional solution, a heating member is arranged between at least one side of the above-mentioned module assembly along the above-mentioned first direction and the above-mentioned liquid cooling component.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the present utility model are as follows:

[0026] The present utility model provides a battery pack. By stacking module components, at least two battery modules in each module component share the same liquid cooling component, saving the number of liquid cooling components. At the same time, the liquid cooling component is fixedly connected to the adjacent module component and is located in the gap. On the one hand, there is no need to separately leave space for connecting the liquid cooling component between the battery modules on the same layer, making the space in the plane perpendicular to the first direction more compact. On the other hand, there is no need to leave space for connecting the liquid cooling component between multiple module components along the first direction, making the arrangement in the first direction more compact, thereby improving the energy density of the battery pack. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 is an exploded view of three module components, corresponding connection components and liquid cooling components provided by an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0028] Figure 2 is Figure 1 an enlarged view of part A in

[0029] In the figure:

[0030] 10. Module component; 11. Battery module; 111. Enclosure component; 1111. First side plate; 1112. Second side plate; 11121. Protrusion;

[0031] 20. Liquid cooling component; 21. Liquid cooling plate; 22. Liquid cooling end plate; 23. Liquid cooling joint;

[0032] 30. Connection component; 31. First connection plate; 32. Second connection plate; 321. First through hole; 33. Reinforcing member; 34. Locking member; 40. Buffer member; 50. Heating member; 60. Thermal conductive adhesive layer;

[0033] 70. Housing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0034] The present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments. It can be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present utility model, rather than limiting the present utility model. In addition, it should be noted that for the sake of description, only parts related to the present utility model are shown in the drawings, rather than all the structures.

[0035] In the description of the present utility model, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the terms "connected", "connected to", and "fixed" shall be understood in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or integrated; it may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it may be the communication inside two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present utility model can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0036] In the present utility model, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the first feature being "above" or "below" the second feature may include the direct contact between the first and second features, or may include the situation where the first and second features are not in direct contact but in contact through additional features therebetween. Moreover, the first feature being "above", "over", and "on" the second feature includes that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicates that the horizontal height of the first feature is higher than that of the second feature. The first feature being "below", "under", and "beneath" the second feature includes that the first feature is directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or merely indicates that the horizontal height of the first feature is lower than that of the second feature.

[0037] In the description of this embodiment, the orientation or positional relationships such as "above", "below", "left", and "right" are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of description and simplifying the operation, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation to the present utility model. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for distinction in description and have no special meaning.

[0038] This embodiment provides a battery pack, such as Figure 1As shown in the figure, the battery pack includes a liquid cooling component 20 and a plurality of module components 10. The plurality of module components 10 are stacked along a first direction (the X direction in the figure), and there is a gap between two adjacent module components 10. Each module component 10 includes at least two battery modules 11, and the at least two battery modules 11 are arranged along a second direction (the Y direction in the figure, the Y direction is perpendicular to the X direction); the liquid cooling component 20 is arranged in the gap, and the liquid cooling component 20 is fixed on the adjacent module component 10 and is configured to exchange heat with the adjacent module component 10. By stacking the module components 10 as described above, and at least two battery modules 11 in each module component 10 share the same liquid cooling component 20, the number of liquid cooling components 20 is saved; at the same time, the liquid cooling component 20 is fixedly connected to the adjacent module component 10 and is located in the gap. On the one hand, there is no need to separately leave space for connecting the liquid cooling component 20 between the battery modules 11 on the same layer, so that the space in the plane perpendicular to the first direction is more compact. On the other hand, there is no need to leave space for connecting the liquid cooling component 20 between the plurality of module components 10 along the first direction, so that the arrangement along the first direction is more compact, thereby improving the energy density of the battery pack.

[0039] In this embodiment, as Figure 1 shown, each module component 10 includes three battery modules 11, and the three battery modules 11 are arranged side by side along the second direction. In other embodiments, the number of battery modules 11 in each module component 10 can be flexibly changed according to usage, for example, two, four or more battery modules 11 are arranged in the second direction.

[0040] Optionally, as Figure 1 shown, both ends of the liquid cooling component 20 along the second direction are respectively connected to the side walls at both ends of the adjacent module component 10 along the second direction. Among them, the outer side walls of the module component 10 adjacent to the liquid cooling component 20 refer to the corresponding side walls of the battery modules 11 at both ends along the second direction on the upper or lower side of the liquid cooling component 20. In this embodiment, both ends of each liquid cooling component 20 are connected to the side walls of the upper-layer module component 10. In another alternative embodiment, both ends of each liquid cooling component 20 can also be connected to the side walls of the lower-layer module component 10. In other embodiments, one end of a liquid cooling component 20 is connected to the side wall of the upper-layer module component 10, and the other end is connected to the side wall of the lower-layer module component 10. This is not limited here, as long as each layer of battery modules 11 shares one liquid cooling component 20.

[0041] Specifically, along the second direction, the battery pack further includes a connection component 30. Both ends of the liquid cooling component 20 along the second direction protrude from the corresponding module component 10 and are connected to the outer side walls of the adjacent module component 10 through the connection component 30 to realize the connection between the liquid cooling component 20 and the module component 10.

[0042] Optionally, as Figure 2 shown, the connecting component 30 includes a first connecting plate 31 and a second connecting plate 32. The first connecting plate 31 is connected to the liquid cooling component 20; the second connecting plate 32 is connected to the first connecting plate 31 and is arranged in a fitting manner with and connected to the outer side wall of the module component 10. Through the above arrangement, through the settings of the first connecting plate 31 and the second connecting plate 32, the connection between the protruding part of the liquid cooling component 20 and the outer side wall of the module component 10 located on different planes is realized, and the connection is tight and firm. Optionally, the first connecting plate 31 and the second connecting plate 32 are perpendicularly arranged to match the included angle between the outer side wall of the module component 10 and the protruding part of the liquid cooling component 20 during actual use.

[0043] In an optional embodiment, the second connecting plate 32 and the outer side wall of the module component 10 are welded, and the first connecting plate 31 and the protruding part of the liquid cooling component 20 are welded.

[0044] In this embodiment, as Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, the battery module 11 includes an enclosure component 111. The enclosure component 111 includes two relatively arranged first side plates 1111 and two relatively arranged second side plates 1112. The two relatively arranged first side plates 1111 and the two relatively arranged second side plates 1112 enclose to form the enclosure component 111. The second connecting plate 32 is provided with a first through hole 321, and the first side plate 1111 is provided with a second through hole (blocked and not marked). The locking member 34 sequentially passes through the first through hole 321 and the second through hole and is locked with the second side plate 1112. Through the above arrangement, for the battery module 11 that needs to be connected to the second connecting plate 32, it is realized that one locking member 34 locks the second connecting plate 32 and the first side plate 1111 on the second side plate 1112 at the same time, that is, one locking member 34 not only realizes the connection between the connecting component 30 and the battery module 11, but also realizes the connection between the first side plate 1111 and the second side plate 1112 in the battery module 11.

[0045] Optionally, the locking member 34 is a bolt.

[0046] Optionally, as Figure 2 shown, the locking member 34 passes through the second through hole and is locked with the second side plate 1112. For the battery module 11 that does not need to connect the protruding part of the liquid cooling component 20 through the connecting component 30, the first side plate 1111 still has the second through hole. The above arrangement enhances the consistency of the manufacturing of a single side plate in the enclosure component 111 of a single battery module 11, and during the assembly process, it avoids the situation where the first side plate 1111 of the outer battery module 11 cannot be connected to the second connecting plate 32 due to incorrect installation positions.

[0047] Optionally, the battery module 11 further includes an upper cover and a lower cover (not labeled) to seal the two openings of the enclosure assembly 111.

[0048] Optionally, as Figure 2 shown, the connecting component 30 further includes a reinforcing member 33. The two side edges of the reinforcing member 33 are respectively connected to the planes of the first connecting plate 31 and the second connecting plate 32, which can increase the strength of the connecting component 30 and prevent the angle between the first connecting plate 31 and the second connecting plate 32 from changing or deforming when they are stressed.

[0049] Optionally, as Figure 1 shown, the liquid cooling component 20 includes a liquid cooling plate 21 and liquid cooling end plates 22. The liquid cooling plate 21 extends along the second direction. One side of the liquid cooling plate 21 exchanges heat with at least two battery modules 11 in a module component 10. The two ends of the liquid cooling plate 21 along the second direction are respectively communicated with the liquid cooling end plates 22. Each liquid cooling end plate 22 is communicated with the liquid cooling plate 21. Through the above settings, the cooling liquid enters the liquid cooling plate 21 from one of the liquid cooling end plates 22, exchanges heat with the module component 10 on both sides of the liquid cooling plate 21, and then flows out from the other liquid cooling end plate 22, taking away the heat of the battery module 11. It can be understood that the liquid cooling end plate 22, as the part of the liquid cooling component 20 protruding from the module component 10, is connected to the connecting component 30.

[0050] Optionally, connecting components 30 are correspondingly arranged at both ends of each liquid cooling end plate 22 to ensure the balance of force when the liquid cooling end plate 22 is connected to the first side plate 1111.

[0051] It should be noted that during the manufacturing process, the first connecting plate 31 and the liquid cooling end plate 22 are first welded together and then connected to the battery module 11 to prevent the situation that the operation space is small when the first connecting plate 31 is connected to the liquid cooling end plate 22 later.

[0052] Optionally, as Figure 1 shown, the liquid cooling component 20 further includes liquid cooling connectors 23. The liquid cooling connectors 23 are communicated with each liquid cooling end plate 22, and the liquid cooling connectors 23 are arranged in the middle of the corresponding liquid cooling end plates 22. The cooling liquid enters from one liquid cooling connector 23 and flows out from the other liquid cooling connector 23. In the third direction (the Z direction in the figure), the cooling liquid diffuses from the middle to both sides in the liquid cooling plate 21, avoiding the situation that the temperature difference between one side and the other side is too large when the liquid cooling connectors 23 are arranged at the ends of the liquid cooling end plates 22.

[0053] Optionally, as Figure 1As shown, a plurality of liquid cooling plates 21 are provided. The plurality of liquid cooling plates 21 are independent of each other and arranged in sequence along the third direction. Each liquid cooling plate 21 is simultaneously communicated with two liquid cooling end plates 22. Through the above arrangement, the coolant does not start to exchange heat when flowing at the liquid cooling end plates 22, and flows into different liquid cooling plates 21 from different positions of the liquid cooling end plates 22 in the third direction at the same temperature, further ensuring the temperature uniformity of the entire liquid cooling assembly 20 in the third direction, and thus ensuring more uniform cooling of one layer of the module assembly 10.

[0054] Optionally, the liquid cooling end plate 22 can be a hollow tubular body, and liquid flow holes corresponding to the plurality of liquid cooling plates 21 are provided on its side wall, so that the coolant can flow into each liquid cooling plate 21 respectively.

[0055] Of course, in other embodiments, only one liquid cooling plate 21 can be provided, and independent flow channels are provided in the liquid cooling plate 21, and the above effects can also be achieved, which is not limited herein.

[0056] Optionally, as Figure 1 shown, in two adjacent module assemblies 10, at least two protrusions 11121 are provided on the second side plate 1112 of one of the two opposite battery modules 11, so as to form the above-mentioned gap between the two opposite battery modules 11. In this embodiment, in each battery module 11, protrusions 11121 are provided at the tops of the two second side plates 1112. In other embodiments, the protrusions 11121 can also be provided at the bottoms of the second side plates 1112, which is not limited herein. Through the above arrangement, the protrusions 11121 play a role in supporting the upper battery module 11, so that there is a gap between the two layers of module assemblies 10, and this gap can be set according to the thickness of the liquid cooling assembly 20, avoiding the weight of the battery module 11 completely pressing on the liquid cooling assembly 20, which is likely to cause deformation of the liquid cooling assembly 20.

[0057] In this embodiment, the protrusion 11121 abuts against the side wall of the opposite battery module 11. In another embodiment, positioning grooves are provided on the side wall of the opposite battery module 11, and the positioning grooves are provided corresponding to the protrusions 11121 one by one. The protrusions 11121 are inserted into the positioning grooves, which can prevent the battery module 11 from moving and improve the stacking stability of the battery module 11.

[0058] Optionally, both sides of the liquid cooling assembly 20 along the third direction are respectively limited by the corresponding protrusions 11121. Thus, the two ends of the liquid cooling assembly 20 are fixed in the third direction, and both sides of the liquid cooling assembly 20 are limited in the third direction. The liquid cooling assembly 20 is stably fixed and is not likely to be displaced when subjected to external impacts or vibrations.

[0059] Optionally, as Figure 1As shown, a buffer member 40 is provided between at least one side of the liquid cooling assembly 20 in the first direction and the adjacent module assembly 10. Considering that the liquid cooling plate 21 passes through the entire layer of the module assembly 10 and has a long length, but only the ends are fixed, and the coolant circulates inside it. After long-term use, the middle part is prone to deformation under the influence of gravity; and during use, if the battery pack vibrates, the middle part of the liquid cooling plate 21 is also prone to shake up and down and be damaged due to deformation. Therefore, the buffer member 40 is provided between the liquid cooling assembly 20 and the module assembly 10, so that the buffer member 40 provides an upward supporting force to the middle part thereof, which can improve the seismic resistance effect, and further improve the service life of the liquid cooling assembly 20. At the same time, the buffer member 40 can also adapt to the deformation of the module after long-term operation. In this embodiment, the buffer member 40 is provided on the lower side of the liquid cooling assembly 20. In other embodiments, the buffer member 40 can also be provided on the upper side of the liquid cooling assembly 20, or buffer members 40 are provided on both the upper side and the lower side of the liquid cooling assembly 20, which is not limited herein.

[0060] Optionally, the buffer member 40 is a sponge, which has good buffering effect, light weight, and little influence on the energy density of the battery pack.

[0061] Optionally, a thermal conductive adhesive layer 60 is provided between at least one side of the liquid cooling assembly 20 in the first direction and the adjacent module assembly 10. During the use of the battery pack, the battery module 11 is prone to expand, which results in an uneven surface of the battery module 11. The thermal conductive adhesive layer 60 has the characteristics of moderate viscosity and high thermal conductivity; in order to ensure that the liquid cooling plate 21 can better contact with the heat sink (a protruding heat sink is provided on the lower cover of the battery module 11), the thermal conductive adhesive layer 60 is provided on the liquid cooling plate 21, so that the uneven concave parts on the surface of the battery module 11 can also be cooled evenly. In this embodiment, the thermal conductive adhesive layer 60 is provided on the lower side of the liquid cooling assembly 20. In other embodiments, the thermal conductive adhesive layer 60 can also be provided on the upper side of the liquid cooling assembly 20, or thermal conductive adhesive layers 60 are provided on both the upper side and the lower side of the liquid cooling assembly 20, which is not limited herein.

[0062] Optionally, a heating element 50 is provided between at least one side of the module assembly 10 in the first direction and the liquid cooling assembly 20. Through the above arrangement, it is possible to heat each layer of the module assembly 10 in the battery pack at low temperatures and cool each layer of the module assembly 10 in the battery pack at high temperatures, which helps to ensure the service life of the battery pack. Moreover, by using the heating element 50 to heat the module assembly 10, the cost of the heating element 50 is relatively low. Optionally, the heating element 50 is in the shape of a sheet and has a thin thickness, which can save the occupied space inside the battery pack, reduce the impact on the size and energy density of the battery pack, and the sheet-shaped heating element 50 has a higher degree of fit with the battery module 11, and it is possible to ensure uniform heating of the surface of the battery module 11 without adding an additional heat conduction layer. In this embodiment, the heating element 50 is arranged on the upper side of the liquid cooling assembly 20. In other embodiments, the heating element 50 can also be arranged on the upper side of the liquid cooling assembly 20, or heating elements 50 are arranged on both the upper side and the lower side of the liquid cooling assembly 20, which is not limited herein.

[0063] It should be noted that the buffer member 40, the thermal conductive adhesive layer 60, and the heating element 50 can be arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the battery module 11, or can be arranged in one-to-one correspondence with one layer of the module assembly 10, which is not limited herein.

[0064] Optionally, as Figure 1 shown, the battery pack further includes a housing 70, and the module assembly 10 and the liquid cooling assembly 20 are both accommodated in the housing 70.

[0065] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly explaining the present invention, rather than limiting the implementation manners of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, various obvious changes, re-adjustments, and substitutions can be made without departing from the protection scope of the present invention. It is not necessary and impossible to enumerate all the implementation manners here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A battery pack, characterized in that: include: A plurality of module assemblies (10) are stacked in a first direction with a gap between two adjacent module assemblies (10), wherein the module assemblies (10) include at least two battery modules (11), and at least two of the battery modules (11) are arranged in a second direction; A liquid cooling component (20) is disposed in the gap, the liquid cooling component (20) is fixed on the module component (10) adjacent thereto, and is configured to perform heat exchange with the adjacent module component (10); The first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other.

2. The battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery pack further comprises a connecting assembly (30), and both ends of the liquid cooling assembly (20) along the second direction protrude from the corresponding module assembly (10) and are connected to the outer side wall of the adjacent module assembly (10) via the connecting assembly (30).

3. The battery pack according to claim 2, characterized in that: The connection assembly (30) comprises: A first connecting plate (31) connected to the liquid cooling assembly (20); A second connecting plate (32) is connected to the first connecting plate (31) and to the outer side wall of the module assembly (10).

4. The battery pack according to claim 3, characterized in that: The connection assembly (30) further comprises a reinforcement member (33), and two side edges of the reinforcement member (33) are respectively connected to the planes of the first connection plate (31) and the second connection plate (32).

5. The battery pack according to claim 3, characterized in that: The battery module (11) comprises a panel assembly (111) and a locking member (34); the panel assembly (111) comprises two first side panels (1111) arranged opposite to each other and two second side panels (1112) arranged opposite to each other; the second connecting plate (32) is provided with a first through hole (321); the first side panel (1111) is provided with a second through hole; the locking member (34) is sequentially passed through the first through hole (321), the second through hole and locked with the second side panel (1112).

6. The battery pack according to claim 2, characterized in that: The liquid cooling component (20) comprises: A plurality of liquid cooling plates (21) are independent of each other and arranged in sequence along the third direction, each of the liquid cooling plates (21) extends along the second direction, and the plurality of liquid cooling plates (21) are used to collectively exchange heat with the module assemblies (10) adjacent thereto; two liquid-cooling end plates (22), the two ends of the liquid-cooling plate (21) along the second direction being respectively connected to the two liquid-cooling end plates (22), and the liquid-cooling end plates (22) being connected to the connecting components (30) at corresponding ends; A liquid cooling joint (23), each of the liquid cooling end plates (22) is connected to the liquid cooling joint (23), and the liquid cooling joint (23) is arranged at the middle of the corresponding liquid cooling end plate (22) along the third direction; The third direction is perpendicular to both the first direction and the second direction.

7. The battery pack according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: At least one of the two adjacent module assemblies (10) is provided with a protrusion (11121) protruding in a direction close to the other, so that the gap is formed between the two battery modules (11).

8. The battery pack according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: A buffer (40) is provided between at least one side of the liquid cooling assembly (20) along the first direction and the adjacent module assembly (10).

9. The battery pack according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: A heat-conducting adhesive layer (60) is provided between at least one side of the liquid cooling component (20) along the first direction and the adjacent module component (10).

10. The battery pack according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: A heating element (50) is provided between at least one side of the module assembly (10) along the first direction and the liquid cooling assembly (20).

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