Positive electrode structure for molten lithium metal battery and molten lithium metal battery

Abstract

The utility model discloses a positive electrode structure for a molten lithium metal battery and the molten lithium metal battery, the positive electrode structure comprises a positive electrode plate and a plurality of conductive structures, and the positive electrode plate comprises a plurality of porous structures penetrating through the positive electrode plate along the thickness direction; the plurality of conductive structures are at least partially arranged in at least part of the hole-shaped structures in a one-to-one correspondence manner; wherein pore structures distributed around at least part of the peripheral surfaces of the conductive structures are formed between the conductive structures and the porous structures which are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the pore structures form lithium ion conduction channels. According to the embodiment of the invention, the positive electrode structure provides an electron transmission path by embedding the conductive structure in the positive electrode plate, and meanwhile, the pore structure between the conductive structure and the positive electrode plate forms a lithium ion conduction channel, so that the migration path of lithium ions is optimized, and the rate charge-discharge performance of the battery is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the technical field of solid electrolyte batteries, and particularly relates to a positive electrode structure for a molten lithium metal battery and a molten lithium metal battery. Background Art

[0002] As a new type of high-energy density battery, the molten metal lithium battery has broad application prospects in the fields of electric vehicles, energy storage systems, etc. However, under fast charge and discharge conditions, due to the slow migration speed of lithium ions inside the positive electrode material and low electron transfer efficiency in the molten metal lithium battery, the rate performance of the battery is poor, which limits its popularization in practical applications. In the prior art, the methods to improve the rate performance of lithium batteries mainly include optimizing material properties, improving battery structure, etc., but there are still technical bottlenecks in improving the rate performance of molten metal lithium batteries. Summary of the Utility Model

[0003] The embodiments of this application provide a positive electrode structure for a molten lithium metal battery and a molten lithium metal battery. By integrating a conductive structure inside the positive electrode plate, while providing an efficient transmission path for electrons, a lithium ion conduction channel is formed, which improves the lithium ion migration efficiency and thus improves the rate charge and discharge performance of the battery.

[0004] In a first aspect, the embodiments of this application provide a positive electrode structure for a molten lithium metal battery. The positive electrode structure includes a positive electrode plate and a plurality of conductive structures. The positive electrode plate includes a plurality of hole-like structures penetrating the positive electrode plate along the thickness direction; at least part of the plurality of conductive structures are arranged in at least part of the hole-like structures in a one-to-one correspondence manner; wherein, a pore structure is formed between the conductive structure arranged in a one-to-one correspondence manner and the hole-like structure, which is distributed around at least part of the outer peripheral surface of the conductive structure. The pore structure forms a lithium ion conduction channel, and the lithium ion conducting solution will automatically flow into the pores, guiding lithium ions to migrate along the channel to the negative electrode.

[0005] In some embodiments, the positive electrode structure further includes a fixing plate. A plurality of conductive structures are all connected to the side of the fixing plate close to the positive electrode plate. The fixing plate is used to fix the conductive structures, and the fixing plate and the conductive structures as a whole are used to achieve electrical conduction with the negative electrode structure.

[0006] In some embodiments, the cross-sectional area of the positive electrode plate is less than or equal to the cross-sectional area of the fixing plate; and / or,

[0007] The fixing plate and the conductive structures are integrally formed parts.

[0008] In some embodiments, the plurality of conductive structures are radially distributed on the positive electrode plate, or any three pairwise adjacent conductive structures are distributed in an equilateral triangle; and / or,

[0009] The height of the conductive structure is less than or equal to the thickness of the positive electrode plate.

[0010] In some embodiments, the total area of the positive projections of the plurality of conductive structures on the positive electrode sheet accounts for 25% to 30% of the area of the positive electrode sheet; and / or,

[0011] The ratio of the diameter of the conductive structure to the diameter of the positive electrode sheet is 0.01 to 0.2.

[0012] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a molten lithium metal battery. The molten lithium metal battery includes a negative electrode structure and the positive electrode structure provided in any one of the foregoing embodiments; the positive electrode structure and the negative electrode structure are spaced apart by a ceramic electrolyte sheet.

[0013] In some embodiments, the molten lithium metal battery further includes a housing having a positive electrode chamber and a negative electrode chamber arranged coaxially. The positive electrode chamber and the negative electrode chamber are configured to be insulated and spaced apart by a ceramic electrolyte sheet.

[0014] In some embodiments, the housing further includes a lithium storage tank provided in the negative electrode chamber. An interface protection layer is provided in the lithium storage tank and is arranged between the negative electrode structure and the ceramic electrolyte sheet.

[0015] In some embodiments, the molten lithium metal battery further includes a current collector that extends into the negative electrode chamber and contacts the negative electrode structure. The current collector is used to achieve electrical conduction with the positive electrode structure.

[0016] In some embodiments, the molten lithium metal battery further includes at least two liquid injection tubes communicating with the positive electrode chamber. The pipe orifice planes of the liquid injection tubes are all higher than the bottom plane of the ceramic electrolyte sheet.

[0017] The positive electrode structure of the molten lithium metal battery in the embodiment of the present application provides an electron movement path by integrally arranging a conductive structure in a positive electrode sheet carrying a positive electrode material. Among them, the positive electrode sheet is provided with a hole structure capable of accommodating the conductive structure, and the pore structure between the conductive structure and the hole structure forms a lithium ion conduction channel, guiding lithium ions to migrate to the negative electrode along the channel, reducing the tortuosity of the lithium ion migration path and improving the lithium ion migration efficiency, thereby realizing the improvement of the rate charge and discharge performance of the molten lithium metal battery. Description of the Drawings

[0018] By reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiments below, various other advantages and benefits will become clear to those of ordinary skill in the art. The drawings are only for the purpose of showing the preferred embodiments and are not considered to be a limitation of the present application. Moreover, in all the drawings, the same reference numerals are used to represent the same components. In the drawings:

[0019] Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the positive electrode structure for a molten lithium metal battery provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0020] Figure 2For Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the distribution of the positive electrode plate and the conductive structure in the positive electrode structure shown;

[0021] Figure 3 For Figure 1 Another schematic diagram of the distribution of the positive electrode plate and the conductive structure in the positive electrode structure shown;

[0022] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of the molten lithium metal battery provided by the embodiment of the present application.

[0023] The reference numerals in the drawings in the specific embodiments are as follows:

[0024] 100, positive electrode structure; 110, positive electrode plate; 121, conductive structure; 122, fixing plate;

[0025] 200, negative electrode structure; 210, current collector; 211, second insulating structure;

[0026] 300, ceramic electrolyte sheet; 310, first insulating structure;

[0027] 400, outer shell; 411, lithium storage tank; 412, tank cover; 420, interface protection layer;

[0028] 510, liquid injection tube. Specific embodiments

[0029] Hereinafter, embodiments of the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and therefore are only examples and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present application.

[0030] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the technical field to which this application belongs; the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application; the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof in the specification and claims of this application and the above drawings are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0031] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, technical terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish different objects and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity, specific order or primary-secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, "a plurality" means more than two unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0032] Reference to "embodiments" in this document means that the specific features, structures, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiments can be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The phrase appears in various places in the specification and does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0033] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " in this document generally represents an "or" relationship between the associated objects before and after.

[0034] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "plural" means two or more (including two). Similarly, "multiple groups" means two or more groups (including two groups), and "multiple pieces" means two or more pieces (including two pieces).

[0035] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the orientation or positional relationship indicated by technical terms such as "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of this application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be construed as a limitation on the embodiments of this application.

[0036] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, technical terms such as "installation", "connection", "connection", "fixation", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or integrated; it can also be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be the communication inside two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0037] As an important indicator to measure the capacity retention ability of a battery under fast charge and discharge conditions, the rate charge and discharge performance refers to the current value required for the battery to discharge or charge its rated capacity within a specified time, and this value is usually expressed as a multiple of the rated capacity. Taking a molten lithium metal battery as an example, the rate charge and discharge performance of the battery depends on the mobility of lithium ions in the electrode material, the conductivity of the electrolyte, the lithium ion mobility at the electrode / electrolyte interface, etc.

[0038] In the related art, some products use pore formers to prepare three-dimensional porous materials with the ability to conduct lithium ions, and then load the cathode material into the three-dimensional porous materials to improve the lithium ion transport performance. However, on the one hand, this structure will lead to a relatively high randomness in the migration of lithium ions in the three-dimensional porous materials and a tortuous transport path, resulting in an increase in the migration length and a decrease in the migration efficiency; on the other hand, the increase in the porosity will affect the electronic conductivity of the three-dimensional porous materials, leading to a decrease in the electron conduction performance of the cathode.

[0039] To solve the problems of the prior art, the embodiments of the present application provide a cathode structure for a molten lithium metal battery and a molten lithium metal battery. First, the cathode structure for a molten lithium metal battery provided by the embodiments of the present application will be introduced below.

[0040] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3 , the embodiments of the present application provide a cathode structure 100 for a molten lithium metal battery. The cathode structure 100 includes a cathode plate 110 and a plurality of conductive structures 121. The cathode plate 110 includes a plurality of pore-like structures penetrating the cathode plate 110 in the thickness direction. At least part of the plurality of conductive structures 121 are arranged in at least part of the pore-like structures in a one-to-one correspondence manner. Among them, a pore structure is formed between the conductive structure 121 arranged in a one-to-one correspondence manner and the pore-like structure. The pore structure is distributed around at least part of the outer peripheral surface of the conductive structure 121. The pore structure forms a lithium ion conduction channel, and the lithium ion conductive solution will automatically flow into the pores, guiding lithium ions to migrate along the channel to the negative electrode.

[0041] Thus, the cathode plate 110 accommodates the conductive structure 121 by arranging the pore-like structures to improve the electron conduction performance of the cathode structure 100. At the same time, a pore structure is formed between the pore-like structures and the conductive structure 121 arranged in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the pore structure can be filled with a lithium ion conductive solution to improve the lithium ion conduction performance of the cathode structure 100. In addition, the pore structure penetrating the cathode plate 110 forms a straight-up-and-down lithium ion conduction channel, guiding lithium ions to migrate along the channel to the negative electrode. Compared with the prior art in which three-dimensional porous materials are used to accommodate the cathode material, where lithium ions shuttle freely in the particulate cathode material or along the three-dimensional structure, the present invention greatly optimizes the migration path of lithium ions through the structural arrangement, reduces the tortuosity of the lithium ion migration path, improves the lithium ion migration efficiency, and realizes the improvement of the battery rate charging performance.

[0042] Optionally, the cathode plate 110 is provided with M pore-like structures, and N conductive structures 121 are provided. Among the M pore-like structures, N pore-like structures are used to accommodate the conductive structure 121 and jointly form N pore structures with the conductive structure 121, and the remaining (M - N) pore-like structures and the N pore structures are used to accommodate the lithium ion conductive solution.

[0043] Optionally, the positive electrode plate 110 is provided with M hole-like structures, and M conductive structures 121 are provided, forming M pore structures for accommodating the lithium-ion conductive solution.

[0044] Optionally, the pore structures are distributed around the entire outer peripheral surface of the conductive structure 121 to increase the contact area between the lithium-ion conductive solution and the positive electrode plate 110.

[0045] Please refer to Figure 1 , according to some embodiments of the present application, the positive electrode structure 100 further includes a fixing plate 122 for fixing the conductive structure 121. The fixing plate 122 and the conductive structure 121 are integrally electrically connected to the negative electrode structure 200. A plurality of conductive structures 121 are all installed on the side of the fixing plate 122 close to the positive electrode plate 110.

[0046] Optionally, the fixing plate 122 is a disc-shaped structure having the same cross-sectional shape as the positive electrode plate 110.

[0047] Optionally, the fixing plate 122 is a disc structure, and the disc structure can support and fix the positive electrode plate 110.

[0048] Optionally, the fixing plate 122 is made of a material with excellent electrical conductivity to collect the current of each conductive structure 121.

[0049] Thus, the fixing plate 122 is directly mounted on the positive electrode plate 110 to realize the assembly of the plurality of conductive structures 121 and the hole-like structures, reducing the processing difficulty of the positive electrode structure 100; at the same time, the positive electrode plate 110 can be fixed inside the molten lithium metal battery through the fixing plate 122.

[0050] Optionally, the cross-sectional area of the positive electrode plate 110 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the fixing plate 122 to improve the supporting effect and stability of the fixing plate 122 on the positive electrode plate 110.

[0051] Optionally, the cross-sectional area of the positive electrode plate 110 is equal to the cross-sectional area of the fixing plate 122 to increase the volume ratio of the positive electrode plate 110 in the positive electrode structure 100 and improve the energy density of the molten lithium metal battery.

[0052] According to some embodiments of the present application, the fixing plate 122 and the conductive structure 121 are integrally formed parts.

[0053] Optionally, the positive electrode plate 110 is pre-processed with hole-like structures, and the fixing plate 122 drives the conductive structure 121 to insert into the hole-like structures to realize the assembly of the positive electrode plate 110 and the conductive structure 121.

[0054] Optionally, a tip is provided at the end of the conductive structure 121 away from the fixed disk 122. The fixed disk 122 is directly pressed against the positive electrode plate 110. The tip of the conductive structure 121 forms a hole-like structure during the pressing process to achieve the assembly of the positive electrode plate 110 and the conductive structure 121.

[0055] Thereby, the processing time of the positive electrode structure 100 is shortened, and the assembly difficulty of the positive electrode structure 100 is reduced.

[0056] According to some embodiments of the present application, the height of the conductive structure 121 is less than or equal to the thickness of the positive electrode plate 110.

[0057] Thereby, it is avoided that a gap appears between the positive electrode plate 110 and the solid electrolyte due to the conductive structure 121 protruding above the positive electrode plate 110.

[0058] Optionally, the height of the conductive structure 121 is less than the thickness of the positive electrode plate 110 to reduce the processing accuracy requirements, process difficulty and process cost.

[0059] Optionally, the height of the conductive structure 121 is equal to the thickness of the positive electrode plate 110, so that the lithium-ion conductive solution is distributed around the outer peripheral surface of the conductive structure 121 to form a lithium-ion migration channel.

[0060] According to some embodiments of the present application, the total area of the orthographic projections of the plurality of conductive structures 121 on the positive electrode plate 110 accounts for 25% to 30% of the area of the positive electrode plate 110.

[0061] Optionally, the total area of the orthographic projections of the plurality of conductive structures 121 on the positive electrode plate 110 accounts for 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30% of the area of the positive electrode plate 110.

[0062] Please refer to Figure 2 , optionally, the plurality of conductive structures 121 are radially distributed on the positive electrode plate 110.

[0063] Please refer to Figure 3 , optionally, the plurality of conductive structures 121 are honeycomb-shaped on the positive electrode plate 110, that is, any three adjacent conductive structures 121 are equilateral triangle-shaped.

[0064] Thereby, by restricting the distribution area of the conductive structure 121, the distribution area of the pore structure is indirectly restricted to further restrict the movement path of lithium ions and improve the lithium-ion migration efficiency.

[0065] According to some embodiments of the present application, the ratio of the diameter of the conductive structure 121 to the diameter of the positive electrode plate 110 is 0.01 to 0.2.

[0066] Optionally, the ratio of the diameter of the conductive structure 121 to the diameter of the positive electrode sheet 110 is 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, 0.1, 0.15, or 0.2.

[0067] Thus, the size of the conductive structure 121 is restricted to indirectly restrict the distribution of the pore structure, avoiding an increase in the tortuosity of the lithium-ion migration path due to an overly large diameter of the conductive structure 121 resulting in an overly large pore structure region.

[0068] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a molten lithium metal battery. Please refer to Figure 4 , the molten lithium metal battery includes a negative electrode structure 200 and the positive electrode structure 100 provided in any of the foregoing embodiments. The negative electrode structure 200 and the positive electrode structure 100 are separated by a ceramic electrolyte sheet 300. It can be understood that the molten lithium metal battery has all the beneficial effects of the foregoing positive electrode structure 100.

[0069] Please refer to Figure 4 , the molten lithium metal battery further includes a housing 400 for integrating the positive electrode structure 100 and the negative electrode structure 200. The housing 400 has a positive electrode chamber and a negative electrode chamber arranged coaxially. The positive electrode chamber and the negative electrode chamber are configured to be insulated and separated by the ceramic electrolyte sheet 300.

[0070] Optionally, the volume of the positive electrode chamber for accommodating the positive electrode structure 100 is larger than the volume of the negative electrode chamber for accommodating the negative electrode structure 200.

[0071] Optionally, the volume of the positive electrode chamber is equal to the volume of the negative electrode chamber.

[0072] Optionally, the volume of the positive electrode chamber is smaller than the volume of the negative electrode chamber.

[0073] Thus, the negative electrode structure 200, the ceramic electrolyte sheet 300, and the positive electrode structure 100 are distributed from top to bottom in the molten lithium metal battery, solving the problems of high forming difficulty and complex preparation process existing in the U-shaped tube solid electrolyte battery in the related art. At the same time, the contact interface between the molten lithium metal in the negative electrode structure 200 and the ceramic electrolyte sheet 300 is a planar structure to improve the wettability of the negative electrode and reduce the interface resistance to improve the comprehensive performance of the battery.

[0074] Optionally, a first insulating structure 310 is provided around the ceramic electrolyte sheet 300 to ensure the insulating separation between the positive electrode structure 100 and the negative electrode structure 200. The first insulating structure 310 can be made of insulating glue or other forms, and the first insulating structure 310 should have high-temperature resistance.

[0075] According to certain embodiments of the present application, the outer casing 400 further includes a lithium storage tank 411 disposed in the negative electrode compartment. An interface protective layer 420 is provided in the lithium storage tank 411, and the interface protective layer 420 is disposed between the negative electrode structure 200 and the ceramic electrolyte.

[0076] Optionally, the melting point of the interface protective layer 420 is lower than 500 °C and it is stable to molten lithium metal.

[0077] Optionally, the interface protective layer 420 includes at least one of alkali metal salts or alkaline earth metal salts.

[0078] Optionally, the interface protective layer 420 includes alkali metal bromide salts or alkaline earth metal bromide salts.

[0079] Optionally, the material of the interface protective layer 420 is at least one of lithium bromide, sodium bromide, potassium bromide, and cesium bromide.

[0080] Optionally, the material of the interface protective layer 420 is a mixture of lithium bromide, potassium bromide, and cesium bromide.

[0081] Optionally, the outer casing 400 further includes a tank cover 412 for closing the lithium storage tank 411.

[0082] Thus, the interface protective layer 420 can form a protective film on the surface where the ceramic electrolyte sheet 300 contacts the negative electrode structure 200, reducing the internal resistance of the battery.

[0083] In some of these embodiments, the diameter D of the interface protective layer 420 is 3 - 400 mm, or D is 4 - 200 mm, or D is 5 - 50 mm, or D is 10 mm, or D is 15 mm, or D is 35 mm, or D is 40 mm.

[0084] In some of these embodiments, the thickness H of the interface protective layer 420 is 0.2 - 300 mm, or H is 0.4 - 100 mm, or H is 0.5 - 50 mm, or H is 1 mm, or H is 10 mm, or H is 20 mm.

[0085] In some of these embodiments, the ratio of the thickness H to the diameter D of the interface protective layer 420 satisfies: 0.01 ≤ H / D ≤ 0.5, or 0.02 ≤ H / D ≤ 0.4, or 0.05 ≤ H / D ≤ 0.3, or 0.1 ≤ H / D ≤ 0.15.

[0086] According to certain embodiments of the present application, the molten lithium metal battery further includes a current collector 210. The current collector 210 is used for electrically connecting with the positive electrode structure 100. One end of the current collector 210 extends into the negative electrode compartment and contacts the negative electrode structure 200, and the other end extends out of the outer casing 400 to achieve electrical connection with the positive electrode structure 100.

[0087] Optionally, a second insulating structure 211 is provided between the current collector 210 and the housing 400. The second insulating structure 211 can be formed by sealing with insulating glue or other forms. It can be understood that the second insulating structure 211 should have high-temperature resistance.

[0088] Optionally, one end of the current collector 210 extending into the negative electrode chamber is in contact with the ceramic electrolyte sheet 300.

[0089] Thereby, the internal resistance of the battery is reduced, the rate charge and discharge performance of the battery is improved, and thus the battery performance is enhanced.

[0090] According to some embodiments of the present application, the molten lithium metal battery further includes at least two liquid injection tubes communicating with the positive electrode chamber for injecting a lithium ion-conducting solution into the positive electrode chamber.

[0091] Optionally, there are two liquid injection tubes 510. The two liquid injection tubes 510 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the positive electrode chamber. When injecting the lithium ion-conducting solution into the positive electrode chamber through one of the liquid injection tubes 510, the other liquid injection tube 510 simultaneously expels the gas in the positive electrode chamber.

[0092] Optionally, the pipe orifice planes of the two liquid injection tubes 510 are both higher than the bottom plane of the ceramic electrolyte sheet 300, so that a U-shaped tube structure can be formed between the two liquid injection tubes 510 and the positive electrode chamber, thereby ensuring that the liquid level in the positive electrode chamber is always higher than the bottom of the ceramic electrolyte sheet 300, improving the wettability of the positive electrode structure 100, enabling good contact between the positive electrode plate 110 and the ceramic electrolyte sheet 300, providing a good migration path for lithium ions, and reducing the lithium ion diffusion resistance.

[0093] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and they should all be covered within the scope of the claims and the description of the present application. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the technical features mentioned in each embodiment can be combined in any way. The present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed in the text, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A positive electrode structure for a molten lithium metal battery, characterized in that: include: A positive electrode sheet, comprising a plurality of hole-shaped structures arranged through the positive electrode sheet in a thickness direction; A plurality of conductive structures, wherein at least some of the conductive structures are disposed in at least some of the hole-shaped structures in a one-to-one correspondence manner; Among them, a pore structure distributed around at least a portion of the outer circumference of the conductive structure is formed between the conductive structure and the porous structure arranged in a one-to-one correspondence, and the pore structure forms a lithium ion conductive channel.

2. The positive electrode structure for a molten lithium metal battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positive electrode structure also includes a fixed disk, and the plurality of conductive structures are all connected to a side of the fixed disk close to the positive electrode plate.

3. The positive electrode structure for a molten lithium metal battery according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cross-sectional area of ​​the positive electrode sheet is less than or equal to the cross-sectional area of ​​the fixed plate; and / or, The fixing plate and the conductive structure are integrally formed.

4. The positive electrode structure for a molten lithium metal battery according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The plurality of conductive structures are radially distributed on the positive electrode sheet, or any three adjacent conductive structures are distributed in an equilateral triangle; and / or, The height of the conductive structure is less than or equal to the thickness of the positive electrode plate.

5. The positive electrode structure for a molten lithium metal battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The total area of ​​the orthographic projections of the plurality of conductive structures on the positive electrode sheet accounts for 25% to 30% of the area of ​​the positive electrode sheet; and / or, The ratio of the diameter of the conductive structure to the diameter of the positive electrode plate is 0.01 to 0.

2.

6. A molten lithium metal battery, characterized in that: include: The positive electrode structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5; The negative electrode structure is separated from the positive electrode structure by a ceramic electrolyte sheet.

7. The molten lithium metal battery according to claim 6, characterized in that The molten lithium metal battery also includes a shell having a coaxially arranged positive electrode compartment and a negative electrode compartment, wherein the positive electrode compartment and the negative electrode compartment are configured to be insulated and spaced apart by the ceramic electrolyte sheet.

8. The molten lithium metal battery according to claim 7, characterized in that The shell also includes a lithium storage tank arranged in the negative electrode compartment, and an interface protection layer is arranged in the lithium storage tank. The interface protection layer is located between the negative electrode structure and the ceramic electrolyte sheet.

9. The molten lithium metal battery according to claim 8, characterized in that The molten lithium metal battery also includes a current collector extending into the negative electrode compartment and contacting the negative electrode structure.

10. The molten lithium metal battery according to claim 7, characterized in that The molten lithium metal battery also includes at least two injection pipes connected to the positive electrode compartment, and the nozzle planes of the injection pipes are higher than the bottom plane of the ceramic electrolyte sheet.

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