Crossed structure of air exhaust vertical shaft and tunnel transverse hole

Abstract

The utility model relates to a cross structure of an exhaust shaft and a tunnel transverse hole, and belongs to the field of tunnel engineering. Comprising a vertical shaft, a transverse cave and a tunnel, wherein the transverse cave and the tunnel are communicated with the vertical shaft; the vertical shaft comprises a well mouth open cut tunnel section, a well mouth reinforcing section, a well body common section and a cross reinforcing section. The wellhead open cut tunnel section comprises a fore shaft ring lining, a fore shaft ring beam, a waterproof layer and a secondary lining; each of the well mouth reinforcing section, the well bore common section and the cross reinforcing section comprises a primary support, a waterproof layer and a secondary lining; a reserved deformation space is arranged between the primary support and the waterproof layer; a partition wall is vertically arranged in the vertical shaft, and a wall seat is arranged on the wall of the vertical shaft. The tunnel is communicated with the outside through the vertical shaft and the transverse hole, and the ventilation effect in the tunnel is improved through the diffusion chamber and the fan room; the vertical shaft is divided into four different sections, the structural strength of the wellhead section and the transverse hole connecting section is improved by changing the structure of the primary support, and the problem that the structural strength of the vertical shaft is low due to the fact that a tunnel is buried too deep is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the field of tunnel engineering and relates to a cross structure of an exhaust shaft and a tunnel cross-passage. Background Art

[0002] Due to the long, narrow and airtight space inside the tunnel, a large amount of dust and harmful gases will be generated during the initial tunnel construction. After the tunnel is put into use later, vehicles passing through the tunnel will also emit exhaust gas. If these dust and gases are not removed in time, and because the space inside the tunnel is airtight and the air flow is poor, the accumulation of harmful gases will cause harm to the human body, and the accumulation of dust will pose a hidden danger to safety accidents such as fires. The airtight and lightless environment will also increase the humidity inside the tunnel, and phenomena such as condensation and dampness will appear on the inner wall of the tunnel. The accumulation and floating of particulate matters such as dust and smoke in the air of the tunnel will also reduce the visibility inside the tunnel, and traffic accidents are likely to occur when vehicles pass through. Therefore, improving the air flow inside the tunnel is crucial for ensuring the air quality inside the tunnel. By improving the air flow inside the tunnel, the concentration of harmful gases can be effectively reduced, sufficient fresh air can be supplied, the harmful gases can be diluted and removed, and the dust concentration can be reduced, thereby protecting the physical health of the operators. The air flow can also make the dust floating inside the tunnel flow out with the air, solving the problem of low visibility inside the tunnel.

[0003] Adopting equipment and instruments to promote air flow is a means to improve the air flow inside the tunnel. However, the air supply effect of the equipment and instruments is limited, and in the face of a long tunnel, its effect of promoting air flow inside the tunnel is minimal.

[0004] Therefore, how to improve the ventilation effect inside a long tunnel is a technical problem urgently to be solved in current tunnel engineering. Content of the Utility Model

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of the utility model is to provide a cross structure of an exhaust shaft and a tunnel cross-passage, so that the tunnel is connected to the outside world to improve the ventilation effect inside the tunnel.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the utility model provides the following technical solution:

[0007] A cross structure of an exhaust shaft and a tunnel cross-passage includes a shaft. The lower part of the shaft is connected to the tunnel through a cross-passage. The cross-passage is horizontally arranged, and a diffuser chamber and a fan room are arranged inside the cross-passage.

[0008] Optionally, the shaft includes a wellhead open cut section, a wellhead strengthening section, a wellbody ordinary section, and a cross strengthening section arranged in sequence from top to bottom; the cross strengthening section is connected to the top of the cross-passage.

[0009] Optionally, backfill soil is laid on the side of the open cut section of the wellhead away from the wellhead, and slope support is provided on the side of the backfill soil away from the wellhead.

[0010] Optionally, the shaft wall of the wellhead strengthening section includes a first primary support, a first waterproof layer, and a first secondary lining arranged in sequence from the outside to the inside of the wellhead;

[0011] The first primary support includes a grouting steel flower pipe, a first double-layer steel mesh, and a first steel arch arranged in sequence from the outside to the inside of the wellhead. The first steel arch is composed of steel sections arranged side by side with a spacing of 60 cm.

[0012] Optionally, the shaft wall of the ordinary section of the wellbore includes a second primary support, a second waterproof layer, and a second secondary lining arranged in sequence from the outside to the inside of the wellhead;

[0013] The second primary support includes a first mortar bolt, a second double-layer steel mesh, and a second steel arch arranged in sequence from the outside to the inside of the wellhead. The second steel arch is composed of steel sections arranged side by side with a spacing of 80 cm.

[0014] Optionally, the shaft wall of the intersection strengthening section includes a third primary support, a third waterproof layer, and a third secondary lining arranged in sequence from the outside to the inside of the wellhead;

[0015] The third primary support includes a second mortar bolt, a third double-layer steel mesh, and a third steel arch arranged in sequence from the outside to the inside of the wellhead. The third steel arch is composed of steel sections arranged side by side with a spacing of 50 cm.

[0016] Optionally, the shaft wall of the open cut section of the wellhead includes a collar lining, a fourth waterproof layer, and a fourth secondary lining arranged in sequence from the outside to the inside of the wellhead, and also includes a collar ring beam provided on the side of the collar lining away from the wellhead.

[0017] Optionally, a reserved deformation space is provided between the primary support and the waterproof layer.

[0018] Optionally, a number of partition walls are vertically arranged inside the shaft.

[0019] Optionally, a wall seat is provided on the shaft wall of the shaft.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present utility model are as follows:

[0021] The utility model is provided with an exhaust shaft communicated with the tunnel, so that the tunnel is communicated with the outside world, avoiding the closed space in the tunnel; the exhaust shaft is communicated with the tunnel through a cross tunnel, and a diffusion chamber and a fan room are arranged in the cross tunnel. The diffusion chamber can utilize the internal space to weaken the shock wave energy entering from the ventilation opening or the smoke exhaust opening. Equipment such as a smoke exhaust fan or a supply fan is installed in the fan room, which can improve the air fluidity of the tunnel and the exhaust shaft, and is beneficial to improving the ventilation effect in the tunnel.

[0022] Since the buried depth of the tunnel is relatively deep, and the buried depth of the tunnel is equivalent to the well depth of the exhaust shaft, it is required that the exhaust shaft has good structural stability and structural strength; the utility model improves the structural strength of the exhaust shaft by successively arranging the exhaust shaft into a wellhead open cut section, a wellhead strengthening section, a wellbore ordinary section, and a cross strengthening section, and strengthening and improving the well wall of each section structurally, enabling the utility model to be put into industrial application.

[0023] Other advantages, objectives and features of the utility model will be described to some extent in the subsequent specification, and to some extent, will be obvious to those skilled in the art based on the study of the following text, or can be taught from the practice of the utility model. The objectives and other advantages of the utility model can be realized and obtained through the following specification. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the utility model clearer, the utility model will be described in detail preferably with reference to the accompanying drawings, where:

[0025] Figure 1 is a plan view of the utility model;

[0026] Figure 2 is a sectional view taken along line I-I of the utility model;

[0027] Figure 3 is a sectional view taken along line II-II of the utility model;

[0028] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the shaft of the utility model.

[0029] Reference numerals:

[0030] 1 vertical shaft, 11 open cut tunnel section at the shaft opening, 111 collar ring beam, 112 backfill soil, 113 slope support, 12 strengthened section at the shaft opening, 121 grouting steel pipe with holes, 122 first double-layer steel mesh, 123 first steel arch, 13 normal section of the shaft body, 131 first mortar bolt, 132 second double-layer steel mesh, 133 second steel arch, 14 cross-strengthened section, 141 second mortar bolt, 142 third double-layer steel mesh, 143 third steel arch, 144 bottom ring beam, 15 partition wall, 16 wall seat, 2 cross tunnel, 21 diffusion chamber, 22 fan room, 3 tunnel, 4 floor line. Detailed implementation manners

[0031] The following uses specific specific examples to illustrate the implementation manners of the present utility model. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present utility model from the content disclosed in this specification. The present utility model can also be implemented or applied through other different specific implementation manners. Various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present utility model. It should be noted that the drawings provided in the following embodiments only illustrate the basic concept of the present utility model in a schematic manner. Without conflict, the following embodiments and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0032] Among them, the drawings are only for illustrative purposes, showing only schematic diagrams, not physical diagrams, and should not be construed as a limitation to the present utility model; in order to better illustrate the embodiments of the present utility model, some components in the drawings will be omitted, enlarged or reduced, which do not represent the dimensions of the actual products; for those skilled in the art, it is understandable that some well-known structures and their descriptions in the drawings may be omitted.

[0033] In the drawings of the embodiments of the present utility model, the same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present utility model, it should be understood that if there are terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc. indicating the orientation or positional relationship, they are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as a limitation to the present utility model. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0034] Please refer to Figures 1 to 4, is a cross - structure of an exhaust shaft and a tunnel cross - passage, including a shaft 1 vertically arranged below the ground line 4. One end of the shaft 1 extends out of the ground line 4, and the other end is connected to the cross - passage 2. The end of the cross - passage 2 far from the shaft 1 is connected to a tunnel 3. The structure of the present utility model is arranged at intervals along the trend of the tunnel 3, which can connect the tunnel 3 with the outside world. Combined with the relevant air - supply equipment arranged in the cross - passage 2, the ventilation effect between the tunnel 3 and the outside world is realized.

[0035] The cross - section of the shaft 1 is rectangular. In this embodiment, the cross - section is a rectangle of 2140 cm×640 cm. A number of partition walls 15 are uniformly arranged in the shaft 1 along the long - side direction of its cross - section. The partition walls 15 connect the two opposite long - side direction shaft walls of the cross - section of the shaft 1, and the connecting part with the shaft wall is set as a triangular strengthening area. A number of wall seats 16 are uniformly arranged on the shaft wall of the shaft 1.

[0036] Among them, the wall seat 16 is a part of the structure of the shaft 1. It is an underground structure built along the shaft wall (i.e., the side wall or inner wall of the shaft). It is used to support the shaft wall of the upward - built section and hang the temporary support of the downward - tunneling section. It is a concrete or reinforced - concrete base excavated and built in the shaft surrounding rock. Its function is to control the formation pressure, maintain the stability of the shaft surrounding rock, and prevent the shaft from cracking and leaking water. The wall seat 16 includes a single - cone type and a double - cone type. In this embodiment, the double - cone type wall seat is adopted.

[0037] To ensure the structural strength of the shaft 1, the shaft 1 is successively divided into a well - head open - cut section 11, a well - head strengthening section 12, a well - body normal section 13, and a cross - strengthening section 14 of the shaft 1 and the cross - passage 2 from the ground to the direction of the cross - passage 2. The well - head strengthening section 12 is arranged within a range of about 5 m below the ground line 4, and the cross - strengthening section 14 of the shaft 1 and the cross - passage 2 is arranged within a range of 8 m above the crown of the cross - passage 2.

[0038] The shaft wall of the open cut section at the wellhead of Well 11 includes a collar lining, a waterproof layer, and a secondary lining arranged successively from the outside to the inside of the wellhead. It also includes a collar ring beam 111 provided on the collar lining, and backfill soil 112 laid on the collar ring beam 111 away from the shaft wall. On the side of the backfill soil 112 away from the vertical shaft 1, there is also a slope support 113; the top elevation of the collar ring beam 111 is lower than or equal to the top elevation of the backfill soil 112, and the top elevation of the backfill soil 112 is the elevation of the ground line 4. In some embodiments of the present invention, the collar lining is C35 reinforced concrete with a thickness of 40 cm, the waterproof layer includes a non-woven geotextile and a double-layer waterproof board arranged successively from the outside to the inside of the wellhead, the secondary lining is C35 reinforced concrete with a thickness of 60 cm, the collar ring beam 111 is made of cast-in-place C30 concrete, and the cross-sectional dimension of the collar ring beam 111 is 120 cm × 100 cm. The slope support 113 includes a 15-cm-thick anchor mesh laid on one side of the backfill soil 112, and C25 concrete is sprayed on the anchor mesh. After the anchor mesh is laid, grouting steel flower tubes 121 are arranged in a plum blossom pattern. The anchor mesh is composed of HPB300 steel bars with a diameter of 8 mm, and the diameter of the grouting steel flower tubes 121 is 42 mm and the length is 4.5 m.

[0039] The shaft wall of the wellhead strengthening section 12 includes a primary support, a waterproof layer, and a secondary lining arranged from the outside to the inside. Among them, a 5-cm-thick reserved deformation space (i.e., reserved deformation amount) is provided between the primary support and the waterproof layer. The primary support includes grouting steel flower tubes 121, a double-layer steel mesh, and steel arch frames arranged successively from the outside to the inside. The diameter of the grouting steel flower tubes 121 is 42 mm and the length of the steel flower tubes is 4.5 m; the double-layer steel mesh is a 20×20 cm double-layer steel mesh laid with HPB235 steel bars with a diameter of 8 mm; the steel arch frames are made of I22b-type steel I-beams, and the installation spacing of the steel arch frames is 60 cm. After the steel arch frames are installed and fixed, 30-cm-thick C25 concrete is wet-sprayed on their surfaces; the waterproof layer includes a non-woven geotextile and a double-layer waterproof board arranged successively from the outside to the inside, and the secondary lining is C35 reinforced concrete with a thickness of 60 cm.

[0040] The shaft wall of the ordinary section 13 of the wellbore includes a primary support, a waterproof layer, and a secondary lining arranged successively from the outside to the inside. A 5-cm-thick reserved deformation space (i.e., reserved deformation amount) is provided between the primary support and the waterproof layer. The primary support includes mortar anchor bolts, a double-layer steel mesh, and steel arch frames arranged successively from the outside to the inside. The mortar anchor bolts are constructed by the process of "grouting first and then inserting the rods", the diameter of the anchor bolts is 22 mm, the material of the anchor bolts is HRB335 grade steel, and the length of the anchor bolts is 4.5 m; the steel arch frames are made of I22b-type steel I-beams, and the installation spacing of the steel arch frames is 80 cm. After the steel arch frames are installed and fixed, 30-cm-thick C25 concrete is wet-sprayed on their surfaces; the double-layer steel mesh, the waterproof layer, and the secondary lining are the same as those of the wellhead strengthening section 12.

[0041] The cross - strengthening section 14 of the vertical shaft 1 and the horizontal tunnel 2 includes the primary support, waterproof layer, and secondary lining arranged successively from the outside to the inside. A deformation space is also reserved between the primary support and the waterproof layer, which is about 5 cm thick. The specific materials, dimensions, etc. of the primary support, waterproof layer, and secondary lining are the same as those of the ordinary section 13 of the shaft body. In addition, a bottom - well ring beam 144 is provided at one end of the cross - strengthening section 14 of the vertical shaft 1 close to the crown of the horizontal tunnel 2. A pre - embedded connecting steel plate with a thickness of 16 mm is also provided between the bottom - well ring beam 144 and the crown of the horizontal tunnel 2. The bottom - well ring beam 144 is made of cast - in - place C35 concrete.

[0042] The horizontal tunnel 2 has a straight - wall arched cross - section form and includes a diffusion chamber 21 and a fan room 22 arranged successively from the vertical shaft 1 to the tunnel 3 direction. The diffusion chamber 21 is a room that uses its internal space to weaken the shock - wave energy entering from the ventilation opening or smoke exhaust opening. It is usually an important part of the (outer) civil - air - defense entrance and belongs to one of the civil - air - defense facilities. The fan room 22 is equipped with equipment such as smoke exhaust fans or supply fans for handling fresh air and exhaust air.

[0043] The tunnel 3 has a multi - center - circle cross - section form. The orientation of the tunnel 3 intersects with the orientation of the horizontal tunnel 2. In some embodiments of the present utility model, the orientation of the tunnel 3 is perpendicular to the orientation of the horizontal tunnel 2.

[0044] By providing the exhaust vertical shaft 1 connected to the tunnel 3, the present utility model connects the tunnel 3 to the outside world, avoiding the occurrence of an enclosed space inside the tunnel 3. The exhaust vertical shaft 1 is connected to the tunnel 3 through the horizontal tunnel 2. The diffusion chamber 21 and the fan room 22 are arranged in the horizontal tunnel 2. The diffusion chamber 21 can use its internal space to weaken the shock - wave energy entering from the ventilation opening or smoke exhaust opening. Equipment such as smoke exhaust fans or supply fans are installed in the fan room 22, which can improve the air fluidity of the tunnel 3 and the exhaust vertical shaft 1, and is beneficial to improving the ventilation effect inside the tunnel 3.

[0045] Since the tunnel 3 has a relatively deep burial depth, and the burial depth of the tunnel 3 is equivalent to the well depth of the exhaust vertical shaft 1, it is required that the exhaust vertical shaft 1 has good structural stability and structural strength. By successively arranging the exhaust vertical shaft 1 as the open - cut section 11 at the wellhead, the strengthened section 12 at the wellhead, the ordinary section 13 of the shaft body, and the cross - strengthening section 14, and strengthening and improving the shaft wall of each section structurally, the structural strength of the exhaust vertical shaft 1 is improved, enabling the present utility model to be applied industrially.

[0046] Drawings Figures 1 to 4 The dimension units in Figures 1 to 3 are all cm, and the drawing scale of Figure 4 is 1:200,

[0047] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified or equivalently replaced without departing from the spirit and scope of the present technical solution, and all of them should be covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An exhaust shaft and tunnel cross-hole intersection structure, characterized in that: It comprises a vertical shaft (1), the lower part of which is connected to a tunnel (3) via a horizontal hole (2), the horizontal hole (2) is arranged horizontally, and a diffusion chamber (21) and a fan room (22) are arranged in the horizontal hole (2).

2. The cross structure of the exhaust shaft and the tunnel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The vertical shaft (1) comprises a wellhead open hole section (11), a wellhead reinforcement section (12), a wellbore common section (13), and a cross reinforcement section (14) which are arranged in sequence from top to bottom; the cross reinforcement section (14) is connected to the top of the horizontal hole (2).

3. The cross structure of the exhaust shaft and the tunnel according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The side of the wellhead open tunnel section (11) facing away from the wellhead is paved with backfill soil (112), and the side of the backfill soil (112) facing away from the wellhead is provided with a slope support (113).

4. The cross structure of the exhaust shaft and the tunnel according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The well wall of the wellhead reinforcement section (12) comprises a first initial support, a first waterproof layer and a first secondary lining which are arranged in sequence from the outside to the inside of the wellhead; The first initial support comprises a grouting steel flower pipe (121), a first double-layer steel mesh (122) and a first steel arch frame (123) which are arranged in sequence from the outside to the inside of the wellhead, and the first steel arch frame (123) is composed of steel sections arranged side by side with a spacing of 60 cm.

5. The cross structure of the exhaust shaft and the tunnel according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The wellbore wall of the common section (13) of the wellbore comprises a second initial support, a second waterproof layer and a second secondary lining which are arranged in sequence from the outside to the inside of the wellhead; The second initial support comprises a first mortar anchor (131), a second double-layer steel mesh (132) and a second steel arch frame (133) which are arranged in sequence from the outside to the inside of the wellhead, and the second steel arch frame (133) is composed of steel sections arranged side by side with a spacing of 80 cm.

6. The cross structure of the exhaust shaft and the tunnel according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The well wall of the cross reinforcement section (14) comprises a third initial support, a third waterproof layer and a third secondary lining which are arranged in sequence from the outside to the inside of the wellhead; The third initial support comprises a second mortar anchor (141), a third double-layer steel mesh (142) and a third steel arch (143) which are arranged in sequence from the outside to the inside of the wellhead, and the third steel arch (143) is composed of steel sections arranged side by side with a spacing of 50 cm.

7. The cross structure of the exhaust shaft and the tunnel according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The well wall of the wellhead open hole section (11) comprises a locking ring lining, a fourth waterproof layer and a fourth secondary lining arranged in sequence from the outside to the inside of the wellhead, and also comprises a locking ring beam (111) arranged on the locking ring lining at a side away from the wellhead.

8. The cross structure of the exhaust shaft and the tunnel according to any one of claims 3 to 7, characterized in that: A reserved deformation space is provided between the initial support and the waterproof layer.

9. The cross structure of the exhaust shaft and the tunnel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A plurality of partition walls (15) are vertically arranged inside the vertical shaft (1).

10. The ventilation shaft and tunnel cross-hole intersection structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A wall seat (16) is arranged on the wall of the vertical shaft (1).

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