Convertible abacus

By setting a hidden mechanism on the abacus frame and beam, the five-bead abacus and the seven-bead abacus can be switched, solving the problem that the existing abacus structure is fixed and cannot be universal, realizing the versatility and portability of the abacus.

CN223051674UActive Publication Date: 2025-07-01DELI GROUP CO LTD
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Patent Information

Application Number
CN202421789604.4
Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Utility models(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
Filing Date
2024-07-26
Publication Date
2025-07-01
Estimated Expiration
2034-07-26

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

The existing five-bead abacus and seven-bead abacus structure are fixed and cannot be universal. It requires two sets of abacus at the same time, which increases the purchase cost and is not portable.

Method used

A convertible abacus is designed. By setting a hidden mechanism on the top and bottom of the frame or on the beam, the upper and lower beads can be hidden in a row respectively, thereby realizing the switching between the five-bead abacus and the seven-bead abacus.

Benefits of technology

Users only need to have one set of abacus to implement two different algorithms, reducing purchase costs and being convenient to carry.

✦ Generated by Eureka AI based on patent content.

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Abstract

A convertible abacus comprises a frame, a beam is transversely arranged in the middle of the frame and used for dividing the frame into an upper half frame and a lower half frame, the convertible abacus further comprises a plurality of bars which are vertically and fixedly arranged in the frame and penetrate through the upper half frame and the lower half frame, and each bar is provided with two upper beads and five lower beads. The upper beads are located in the upper half frame, and the lower beads are located in the lower half frame. Hidden mechanisms are arranged at the top and the bottom of the frame and used for hiding the topmost row of the upper beads and the bottommost row of the lower beads, or hidden mechanisms are arranged on the beams and used for hiding the bottommost row of the upper beads and the topmost row of the lower beads. The convertible abacus can realize switching between a five-abacus abacus and a seven-abacus abacus.
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Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of abacuses, in particular to a transformable abacus. Background Art

[0002] As Figure 1 shown, the existing abacus generally includes a frame 1a with a hollow interior. A beam 2a is horizontally arranged in the middle of the frame 1a to divide the frame 1a into an upper half-frame 3a and a lower half-frame 4a. It also includes a plurality of rods 5a vertically fixed in the frame 1a and passing through the upper half-frame 3a and the lower half-frame 4a. A plurality of upper beads 6a and a plurality of lower beads 7a are provided on each rod 5a. The upper beads 6a are located in the upper half-frame 3a and the lower beads 7a are located between the lower half-frame 4a. The commonly used abacuses are five-bead abacuses and seven-bead abacuses. The five-bead abacus has one upper bead 6a and four lower beads 7a on each rod 5a, and the seven-bead abacus has two upper beads 6a and five lower beads 7a on each rod 5a.

[0003] Since the structure of the existing abacus is fixed, the five-bead abacus and the seven-bead abacus cannot be made universal. If two algorithms are needed, two sets of abacuses must be owned at the same time, which not only increases the purchase cost but also is not convenient to carry. Content of the Utility Model

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide a transformable abacus that can switch between a five-bead abacus and a seven-bead abacus.

[0005] The technical solution of the utility model is: a transformable abacus, including a frame. A beam is horizontally arranged in the middle of the frame to divide the frame into an upper half-frame and a lower half-frame. It also includes a plurality of rods vertically fixed in the frame and passing through the upper half-frame and the lower half-frame. Two upper beads and five lower beads are provided on each rod. The upper beads are located in the upper half-frame and the lower beads are located in the lower half-frame; hiding mechanisms are provided at both the top and the bottom of the frame to hide the top row of the upper beads and the bottom row of the lower beads, or a hiding mechanism is provided on the beam to hide the bottom row of the upper beads and the top row of the lower beads.

[0006] After adopting the above structure, the utility model has the following advantages:

[0007] The transformable abacus of the utility model can make one row of the upper beads and the lower beads be respectively hidden by providing hiding mechanisms at the top and the bottom of the frame or on the beam, so that the seven-bead abacus can be switched to a five-bead abacus; conversely, by showing the hidden upper beads and lower beads of the five-bead abacus, the five-bead abacus can be switched to a seven-bead abacus; in this way, the user only needs to have one set of abacus to realize two different algorithms, making the five-bead abacus and the seven-bead abacus universal, not only reducing the purchase cost but also being convenient to carry.

[0008] Preferably, the top of the frame is provided with a flip-up upper border and the bottom is provided with a flip-up lower border. The upper border is provided with a first receiving groove for flipping the upper border to move the top row of the upper beads below the first receiving groove and hiding them when the upper border is closed. The lower border is provided with a second receiving groove for flipping the lower border to move the bottom row of the lower beads below the second receiving groove and hiding them when the lower border is closed. This setting enables the upper border and the lower border to be flipped. After flipping the upper border and the lower border, pushing the top row of the upper beads to the top and the bottom row of the lower beads to the bottom can make the top row of the upper beads located below the first receiving groove of the upper border and the bottom row of the lower beads located below the second receiving groove of the lower border. When closing again, the above-mentioned row of upper beads and row of lower beads can be hidden inside the upper border and the lower border. The hiding structure is simple and the operation is convenient.

[0009] Preferably, both ends of the upper border are rotatably connected between the left and right sides of the frame through a first rotating shaft, and both ends of the lower border are rotatably connected between the left and right sides of the frame through a second rotating shaft. This setting makes the flipping structure of the upper border and the lower border simple, with uniform and stable force on both sides, and the flipping is easy and reliable.

[0010] Preferably, a first buckle structure is respectively provided between both ends of the upper border and the left and right sides of the frame, and a second buckle structure is respectively provided between both ends of the lower border and the left and right sides of the frame. The setting of the first buckle structure and the second buckle structure not only facilitates the separation of the upper border and the lower border from the frame, making it easy to flip the upper border and the lower border, but also the first buckle structure and the second buckle structure can position the upper border and the lower border, so that the upper border and the lower border will not shake after being closed again, and thus can reliably hide the upper beads and the lower beads inside the upper border and the lower border.

[0011] Preferably, the first buckle structure includes a first block provided on one of the upper border and the frame, and a first slot provided on the other; the second buckle structure includes a second block provided on one of the lower border and the frame, and a second slot provided on the other. The first buckle structure and the second buckle structure are simple and compact, and do not require additional operations, but are completed along with the flipping actions of the upper border and the lower border.

[0012] Preferably, one end of the beam is hinged to one side of the frame, and the other end can be separated from the other side of the frame and opened. A third accommodating groove is provided on the beam, which is used to make the bottom row of upper beads and the top row of lower beads move to the bottom of the third accommodating groove when the beam is opened and hide them after the beam is closed. This arrangement allows the beam to be opened in the left and right directions, so that the bottom row of upper beads and the top row of lower beads can be moved to the position where the middle beam is located. After the beam is closed again, the above-mentioned row of upper beads and the row of lower beads can be hidden in the third accommodating groove of the beam. The hiding structure is simple and easy to operate.

[0013] Preferably, the end of the beam away from the hinged end is connected to or separated from the frame through a locking mechanism, and the locking mechanism includes a lock key arranged on the frame and a lock hole arranged on the beam, and the beam is connected to the frame when the lock key is pushed into the lock hole, and the beam is separated from the frame when the lock key is withdrawn from the lock hole. The locking mechanism can ensure that the beam can be reliably locked and connected with the frame after closing.

[0014] Preferably, the lock key comprises a retractable lock tongue and a shifting block arranged on the lock tongue, a left and right guide structure is arranged between the lock tongue and the frame, and the shifting block is convexly arranged outside the frame and is used to make the lock tongue retract in the lock hole when the shifting block is shifted. This arrangement is not only convenient for shifting the lock tongue by the shifting block, but also the lock tongue can reliably retract in the lock hole under the action of the left and right guide structures.

[0015] Preferably, a fourth accommodating groove is provided on one side of the frame hinged to the beam, a third rotating shaft is provided in the fourth accommodating groove, and the corresponding end of the beam extends into the fourth accommodating groove and is rotatably connected to the third rotating shaft. This arrangement makes the hinge structure of the beam simple and compact, and the rotation is reliable.

[0016] Preferably, it further comprises a crossbar fixedly connected to the middle of each step, the crossbar can be hidden in the third receiving groove of the beam, the upper bead is located between the top of the frame and the crossbar, and the lower bead is located between the bottom of the frame and the crossbar. This arrangement enables the crossbar to partition the upper bead and the lower bead after the beam is made into a movable structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of an existing abacus;

[0018] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the convertible abacus in the seven-bead state in Example 1;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the convertible abacus when switching in Example 1;

[0020] Figure 4 Another structural schematic diagram of the convertible abacus when switching in Example 1;

[0021] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of the transformable abacus in the five-bead state in Embodiment 1;

[0022] Figure 6 It is an exploded view of the transformable abacus in Embodiment 1;

[0023] Figure 7 It is a schematic structural diagram of the transformable abacus in the seven-bead state in Embodiment 2;

[0024] Figure 8 It is a schematic structural diagram of the transformable abacus during switching in Embodiment 2;

[0025] Figure 9 It is a schematic structural diagram of the transformable abacus in the five-bead state in Embodiment 2;

[0026] Figure 10 It is an exploded view of the transformable abacus in Embodiment 2;

[0027] In the prior art figure: 1a - frame, 2a - beam, 3a - upper half frame, 4a - lower half frame, 5a - rod, 6a - upper bead, 7a - lower bead;

[0028] In the figure of the present utility model: 1 - frame, 2 - beam, 3 - upper half frame, 4 - lower half frame, 5 - rod, 6 - upper bead, 7 - lower bead, 8 - upper border frame, 9 - lower border frame, 10 - first accommodation groove, 11 - second accommodation groove, 12 - first rotating shaft, 13 - second rotating shaft, 14 - first clamping block, 15 - first clamping groove, 16 - second clamping block, 17 - second clamping groove, 18 - third accommodation groove, 19 - locking key, 20 - locking hole, 21 - fourth accommodation groove, 22 - third rotating shaft, 23 - cross bar, 24 - left border frame, 25 - right border frame, 26 - locking tongue, 27 - dialing block, 28 - left and right guiding structure. Detailed implementation manners

[0029] The present utility model will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with embodiments.

[0030] Embodiment 1:

[0031] As Figure 2-6 shown, a transformable abacus includes a frame 1. A beam 2 is horizontally arranged in the middle of the frame 1 to divide the frame 1 into an upper half frame 3 and a lower half frame 4. It further includes a plurality of rods 5 vertically fixed in the frame 1 and passing through the upper half frame 3 and the lower half frame 4. Two upper beads 6 and five lower beads 7 are provided on each rod 5. The upper beads 6 are located in the upper half frame 3 and the lower beads 7 are located in the lower half frame 4. Hidden mechanisms are provided at the top and bottom of the frame 1 to hide the top row of the upper beads 6 and the bottom row of the lower beads 7.

[0032] The abacus with changeable function of the utility model can switch a seven-bead abacus to a five-bead abacus by setting a hidden mechanism at the top and bottom of the frame 1, so that one row of upper beads 6 and one row of lower beads 7 can be hidden respectively; conversely, by revealing the hidden upper beads 6 and lower beads 7 under the five-bead abacus, the five-bead abacus can be switched to a seven-bead abacus. In this way, users only need to own one set of abacus to realize two different algorithms, achieving the common use of the five-bead abacus and the seven-bead abacus, which not only reduces the purchase cost, but also is convenient to carry.

[0033] The top of the frame 1 is provided with a flip-up upper frame 8 and the bottom is provided with a flip-up lower frame 9. The upper frame 8 is provided with a first accommodating groove 10, which is used to dial the top row of the upper beads 6 under the first accommodating groove 10 after flipping up the upper frame 8 and hide them after closing the upper frame 8. The lower frame 9 is provided with a second accommodating groove 11, which is used to dial the bottom row of the lower beads 7 under the second accommodating groove 11 after flipping down the lower frame 9 and hide them after closing the lower frame 9. This setting enables the upper frame 8 and the lower frame 9 to be flipped. After flipping the upper frame 8 and the lower frame 9, pushing the top row of the upper beads 6 to the top and the bottom row of the lower beads 7 to the bottom can make the top row of the upper beads 6 located under the first accommodating groove 10 of the upper frame 8, and the bottom row of the lower beads 7 located under the second accommodating groove 11 of the lower frame 9. When closing again, the above-mentioned row of upper beads 6 and row of lower beads 7 can be hidden in the upper frame 8 and the lower frame 9. The hidden structure is simple and the operation is convenient.

[0034] Both ends of the upper frame 8 are rotatably connected between the left and right sides of the frame 1 through a first rotating shaft 12, and both ends of the lower frame 9 are rotatably connected between the left and right sides of the frame 1 through a second rotating shaft 13. This setting makes the flipping structures of the upper frame 8 and the lower frame 9 simple, with uniform and stable force on both sides, and easy, reliable flipping.

[0035] First snap structures are respectively arranged between both ends of the upper frame 8 and the left and right sides of the frame 1, and second snap structures are respectively arranged between both ends of the lower frame 9 and the left and right sides of the frame 1. The setting of the first snap structure and the second snap structure not only facilitates the separation of the upper frame 8 and the lower frame 9 from the frame 1, making it easy to flip the upper frame 8 and the lower frame 9, but also the first snap structure and the second snap structure can position the upper frame 8 and the lower frame 9, so that the upper frame 8 and the lower frame 9 will not shake after being closed again, and further can reliably hide the upper beads 6 and the lower beads 7 in the upper frame 8 and the lower frame 9.

[0036] The first snap structure includes a first locking block 14 provided on one of the upper frame 8 and the frame 1, and a first locking groove 15 provided on the other. The second snap structure includes a second locking block 16 provided on one of the lower frame 9 and the frame 1, and a second locking groove 17 provided on the other. The first and second snap structures are simple and compact, and do not require additional operations, but are completed together with the flipping actions of the upper frame 8 and the lower frame 9.

[0037] In this embodiment, a left frame 24 is fixedly provided on the left side of the frame 1, and a right frame 25 is fixedly provided on the right side of the frame 1. Both ends of the upper frame 8 are rotatably connected between the left frame 24 and the right frame 25 through a first rotating shaft 12, and both ends of the lower frame 9 are rotatably connected between the left frame 24 and the right frame 25 through a second rotating shaft 13. A first snap structure is provided between both ends of the upper frame 8 and the left frame 24 and the right frame 25 respectively, and a second snap structure is provided between both ends of the lower frame 9 and the left frame 24 and the right frame 25 respectively. The first snap structure includes first locking blocks 14 provided at both ends of the upper frame 8 and first locking grooves 15 provided on the left frame 24 and the right frame 25. The second snap structure includes second locking blocks 16 provided at both ends of the lower frame 9 and second locking grooves 17 provided on the left frame 24 and the right frame 25.

[0038] The working principle of the transformable abacus in this embodiment is as follows:

[0039] Assume that the initial state is a seven - bead abacus, as Figure 2 shown. Flip the upper frame 8 and the lower frame 9, as Figure 3 and Figure 4 shown. The first locking blocks 14 at both ends of the upper frame 8 disengage from the first locking grooves 15 of the left frame 24 and the right frame 25, causing the first snap structure to separate. The second locking blocks 16 at both ends of the lower frame 9 disengage from the second locking grooves 17 of the left frame 24 and the right frame 25, causing the second snap structure to separate. Then, push the top row of the upper beads 6 to the top and push the bottom row of the lower beads 7 to the bottom. In this way, the top row of the upper beads 6 is located below the first accommodation groove 10 of the upper frame 8, and the bottom row of the lower beads 7 is located below the second accommodation groove 11 of the lower frame 9. Re - close the upper frame 8 and the lower frame 9. The first locking blocks 14 at both ends of the upper frame 8 are snap - connected to the first locking grooves 15 of the left frame 24 and the right frame 25, and the second locking blocks 16 at both ends of the lower frame 9 are snap - connected to the second locking grooves 17 of the left frame 24 and the right frame 25. At the same time, the top row of the upper beads 6 is hidden in the first accommodation groove 10 of the upper frame 8, and the bottom row of the lower beads 7 is hidden in the second accommodation groove 11 of the lower frame 9, thus switching to a five - bead abacus, as Figure 5As shown in the figure; conversely, by flipping the upper frame 8 and the lower frame 9 again, a row of upper beads 6 and a row of lower beads 7 that are hidden can be revealed again. Push down the top row of the upper beads 6 and push up the bottom row of the lower beads 7. After closing the upper frame 8 and the lower frame 9, it is also possible to switch from a five-bead abacus to a seven-bead abacus.

[0040] Embodiment 2:

[0041] As Figure 7-10 shown, a transformable abacus includes a frame 1. A beam 2 is horizontally arranged in the middle of the frame 1 to divide the frame 1 into an upper half-frame 3 and a lower half-frame 4. It also includes a plurality of rods 5 vertically fixed in the frame 1 and passing through the upper half-frame 3 and the lower half-frame 4. Two upper beads 6 and five lower beads 7 are provided on each rod 5. The upper beads 6 are located in the upper half-frame 3 and the lower beads 7 are located in the lower half-frame 4; a hiding mechanism is provided on the beam 2 to hide the bottom row of the upper beads 6 and the top row of the lower beads 7.

[0042] In the transformable abacus of the present utility model, by providing a hiding mechanism on the beam 2, one row of the upper beads 6 and one row of the lower beads 7 can be respectively hidden, so that the seven-bead abacus can be switched to a five-bead abacus; conversely, by revealing the hidden upper beads 6 and lower beads 7 under the five-bead abacus, the five-bead abacus can also be switched to a seven-bead abacus; in this way, the user only needs to have one set of abacus to realize two different algorithms, achieving the common use of the five-bead abacus and the seven-bead abacus, not only reducing the purchase cost, but also being convenient to carry.

[0043] One end of the beam 2 is hinged to one side of the frame 1, and the other end can be separated from the other side of the frame 1 and opened. A third accommodation groove 18 is provided on the beam 2 to make the bottom row of the upper beads 6 and the top row of the lower beads 7 be dialed below the third accommodation groove 18 when the beam 2 is opened and hidden after closing the beam 2. This setting enables the beam 2 to be opened in the left-right direction, so that the bottom row of the upper beads 6 and the top row of the lower beads 7 can be moved to the position where the middle beam 2 is located. After closing the beam 2 again, the above-mentioned row of upper beads 6 and row of lower beads 7 can be hidden in the third accommodation groove 18 of the beam 2. The hiding structure is simple and the operation is convenient.

[0044] The end of the beam 2 far from the hinged end is connected or separated from the frame 1 through a locking mechanism. The locking mechanism includes a lock key 19 provided on the frame 1 and a lock hole 20 provided on the beam 2. When the lock key 19 is pushed into the lock hole 20, the beam 2 is connected to the frame 1, and when the lock key 19 exits the lock hole 20, the beam 2 is separated from the frame 1. The setting of the locking mechanism enables the beam 2 to be reliably locked and connected to the frame 1 after being closed.

[0045] The locking key 19 includes a retractable locking tongue 26 and a shifting block 27 provided on the locking tongue 26. A left-right guiding structure 28 is provided between the locking tongue 26 and the frame 1. The shifting block 27 protrudes outside the frame 1 and is used to make the locking tongue 26 retract and extend in the lock hole 20 when the shifting block 27 is toggled. In this embodiment, the left-right guiding structure 28 is a structure of a slider and a slide rail. This setting not only facilitates toggling the locking tongue 26 by using the shifting block 27, but also enables the locking tongue 26 to retract and extend reliably in the lock hole 20 under the action of the left-right guiding structure 28.

[0046] On one side where the frame 1 is hinged to the beam 2, a fourth accommodation groove 21 is provided. A third rotating shaft 22 is provided in the fourth accommodation groove 21. The corresponding end of the beam 2 extends into the fourth accommodation groove 21 and is rotatably connected to the third rotating shaft 22. This setting makes the hinge structure of the beam 2 simple and compact, and the rotation is reliable.

[0047] It further includes a cross bar 23 fixedly connected to the middle of each gear 5. The cross bar 23 can be hidden in the third accommodation groove 18 of the beam 2. The upper beads 6 are located between the top of the frame 1 and the cross bar 23, and the lower beads 7 are located between the bottom of the frame 1 and the cross bar 23. This setting enables the cross bar 23 to partition the upper beads 6 and the lower beads 7 even after the beam 2 is made into a movable structure.

[0048] The working principle of the transformable abacus in this embodiment is as follows:

[0049] Assume that the initial state is a seven-bead abacus. As Figure 7 shown, toggle the shifting block 27 of the locking key 19 to make the locking tongue 26 withdraw from the lock hole 20, separate the beam 2 from the frame 1, and then open the beam 2. As Figure 8 shown, then push the bottom row of the upper beads 6 downwards until it abuts against the cross bar 23, and also push the top row of the lower beads 7 up until it abuts against the cross bar 23. In this way, the bottom row of the upper beads 6 and the top row of the lower beads 7 move to the lower part of the third accommodation groove 18 of the beam 2. Re-close the beam 2 and push the locking tongue 26 into the lock hole 20. The beam 2 and the frame 1 are locked again. At the same time, the bottom row of the upper beads 6 and the top row of the lower beads 7 are hidden in the third accommodation groove 18 of the beam 2, realizing the transformation from a seven-bead abacus to a five-bead abacus. As Figure 9 shown; conversely, open the beam 2 again, and the hidden row of upper beads 6 and row of lower beads 7 can be revealed again. Push the bottom row of the upper beads 6 upwards and the top row of the lower beads 7 downwards. After closing the beam 2, it can also be switched from a five-bead abacus to a seven-bead abacus.

Claims

1. A convertible abacus, comprising a frame (1), a beam (2) being arranged transversely in the middle of the frame (1) for dividing the frame (1) into an upper half frame (3) and a lower half frame (4), and a plurality of steps (5) being vertically fixed in the frame (1) and penetrating the upper half frame (3) and the lower half frame (4), each step (5) being provided with two upper beads (6) and five lower beads (7), the upper beads (6) being located in the upper half frame (3) and the lower beads (7) being located in the lower half frame (4); characterized in that: The top and bottom of the frame (1) are both provided with a hiding mechanism for hiding the topmost row of upper beads (6) and the bottommost row of lower beads (7), or the beam (2) is provided with a hiding mechanism for hiding the bottommost row of upper beads (6) and the topmost row of lower beads (7); the top of the frame (1) is provided with a reversible upper frame (8) and the bottom is provided with a reversible lower frame (9); the upper frame (8) is provided with a first accommodating groove (10) for flipping the upper frame (8) to push the topmost row of upper beads (6) into the bottom of the first accommodating groove (10) and hide the topmost row of lower beads (7) after closing the upper frame (8); the lower frame (9) is provided with a second accommodating groove (11) for flipping the lower frame (9) to push the bottommost row of lower beads (7) into the bottom of the second accommodating groove (11) and hide the bottommost row of lower beads (7) after closing the upper and lower frames (9).

2. A convertible abacus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two ends of the upper frame (8) are rotatably connected between the left and right sides of the frame (1) via a first rotating shaft (12), and the two ends of the lower frame (9) are rotatably connected between the left and right sides of the frame (1) via a second rotating shaft (13).

3. A convertible abacus according to claim 2, characterized in that: A first buckle structure is also provided between the two ends of the upper frame (8) and the left and right sides of the frame (1), respectively, and a second buckle structure is also provided between the two ends of the lower frame (9) and the left and right sides of the frame (1), respectively.

4. A convertible abacus according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first buckle structure comprises a first buckle block (14) arranged on one of the upper frame (8) and the frame (1), and a first buckle slot (15) arranged on the other, and the second buckle structure comprises a second buckle block (16) arranged on one of the lower frame (9) and the frame (1), and a second buckle slot (17) arranged on the other.

5. A convertible abacus according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the beam (2) is hinged to one side of the frame (1), and the other end can be separated from the other side of the frame (1) and opened. A third receiving groove (18) is provided on the beam (2) for inserting the bottom row of upper beads (6) and the top row of lower beads (7) under the third receiving groove (18) when the beam (2) is opened, and hiding them after closing the beam (2).

6. A convertible abacus according to claim 5, characterized in that: The end of the beam (2) away from the hinged end is connected to or separated from the frame (1) through a locking mechanism, wherein the locking mechanism comprises a locking key (19) arranged on the frame (1) and a locking hole (20) arranged on the beam (2); when the locking key (19) is pushed into the locking hole (20), the beam (2) is connected to the frame (1); when the locking key (19) is withdrawn from the locking hole (20), the beam (2) is separated from the frame (1).

7. A convertible abacus according to claim 6, characterized in that: The lock key (19) comprises a retractable lock tongue (26) and a shifting block (27) arranged on the lock tongue (26); a left and right guide structure (28) is arranged between the lock tongue (26) and the frame (1); the shifting block (27) is protruding outside the frame (1) and is used to make the lock tongue (26) retract and expand in the lock hole (20) when the shifting block (27) is shifted.

8. A convertible abacus according to claim 5, characterized in that: A fourth accommodating groove (21) is provided on one side where the frame (1) is hinged to the beam (2), a third rotating shaft (22) is provided in the fourth accommodating groove (21), and a corresponding end of the beam (2) extends into the fourth accommodating groove (21) and is rotatably connected to the third rotating shaft (22).

9. A convertible abacus according to claim 5, characterized in that: It also includes a cross bar (23) fixedly connected to the middle of each step (5), the cross bar (23) can be hidden in the third receiving groove (18) of the beam (2), the upper bead (6) is located between the top of the frame (1) and the cross bar (23), and the lower bead (7) is located between the bottom of the frame (1) and the cross bar (23).