Reamer capable of adaptively adjusting reaming angle

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of air jet and coal seam pressure relief and permeability improvement, and particularly relates to a reaming angle self-adaptive adjustment reamer which comprises a center flow channel and straight flow channel spray pipes, the tail end of each straight flow channel spray pipe is provided with a reaming assembly, two symmetrical nozzles are arranged outside a reamer shell, and the nozzles are communicated with the straight flow channel spray pipes. Self-adaptive adjustment of the reaming angle can be achieved, a reaming blank zone can be effectively avoided, regular holes with larger diameters can be expanded by fully utilizing the characteristics of ground stress through accurate adjustment of the reaming angle, the pressure relief and permeability increasing effects of reaming are improved under the same working condition, and the reaming device has wider applicability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of air jet and coal seam pressure relief and permeability enhancement, and particularly relates to a reamer with an adaptive adjustable reaming angle. Background Technique

[0002] As the main energy source in China, the efficient exploitation of coal is extremely crucial for China's energy security. However, more than 70% of the coal seams in China are low-permeability coal seams, and the gas extraction is difficult and time-consuming. The low gas extraction rate leads to the imbalance between coal mining and excavation, seriously restricting the release of coal production capacity. At present, the hydraulic measures are widely studied and applied in the field of coal seam permeability enhancement due to the mature technical equipment and flexible application. Specific hydraulic measures include hydraulic slotting, hydraulic punching, and coal breaking and permeability enhancement by hydraulic drive mechanical tools with water as the working medium. However, during the use of the current reamers, when constructing cross-layer boreholes for reaming, it is inevitable that there will be reaming blank zones, and the in-situ stress cannot be fully utilized. After the reaming construction, due to the intrusion of moisture into the coal seam, the reaming shape is more likely to be deformed, creeped, and caved due to the action of in-situ stress. Content of the Utility Model

[0003] The purpose of the utility model is to solve the above-mentioned problems. Based on the existing equipment and technology, the utility model provides a reamer that uses low-pressure air as the power medium and can realize the adaptive adjustment of the reaming angle of the coal seam. The safety of the device is improved; and the new reamer can maximize the utilization of in-situ stress by adjusting the nozzle angle to realize the stability of the reaming shape. At the same time, the Laval nozzle developed and designed based on aerodynamics and installed on the reamer can realize the hypersonic ejection of low-pressure gas jets, so as to realize the large-diameter reaming and permeability enhancement of the coal seam, realize the efficient extraction of coal seam gas, and promote the release of coal production capacity.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the utility model is:

[0005] A reamer with an adaptive adjustable reaming angle includes a housing, a central flow channel located at the center of the housing, and DC channel nozzles arranged in parallel at the upper and lower parts of the central flow channel. Each DC channel nozzle is provided with a reaming assembly at its end. Two symmetric nozzles are arranged outside the reamer housing, and the nozzles are connected to the DC channel nozzles; it also includes a control system and an angle adaptive adjustment device.

[0006] Furthermore, the reaming assembly includes a radial nozzle that is connected to the DC channel nozzle and is vertically and movably connected. A ratchet is sleeved outside the radial nozzle. The end of the radial nozzle is provided with a Laval nozzle that is inclined outward and connected to the DC channel nozzle. The Laval nozzle is located in an elastic block in the reamer housing. The elastic block is located in the nozzle angle adjustment area of the reamer. A straight channel for placing the Laval nozzle is provided at the center of the elastic block.

[0007] Further, the angle adaptive adjustment device includes an internal gear inserted into the air inlet end of the radial nozzle and in interference fit with the inner wall of the radial nozzle, a spoke gear meshing with the internal gear, the center of the spoke gear being fixedly connected to the output end of the servo motor, and further includes a gyroscope. The servo motor, the gyroscope and the control system are all arranged in a cylindrical protective shell, and the protective shell is inserted into the end of the DC nozzle.

[0008] Further, the control system includes a PLC integrated control board, and the gyroscope and the servo motor are both electrically connected to the PLC integrated control board.

[0009] Further, the ratchet is an inner-edge ratchet, including an outer inner-edge helical tooth surface and a central circular arc surface. A blocking block and a resilient piece meshing with the inner-edge helical tooth surface are respectively fixedly arranged on the surface of the circular arc surface through large and small pins. The bottom of the inner-edge helical tooth surface is movably connected to the circular arc surface, and the circular arc surface is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the radial nozzle.

[0010] Further, the center of the Laval nozzle is successively a contraction section, a throat section and a divergence section, and the outlet of the divergence section is communicated with the straight channel at the center of the elastic block.

[0011] Mechanism: The utility model realizes the pressure relief and permeability enhancement work with the self-adaptive angle of the underground air jet reaming. This technology uses compressed air as the power source, can maintain the original mechanical properties of the coal body to the greatest extent, enables the reaming hole shape to be maintained for a long time, and can effectively solve problems such as drill sticking, hole collapse, and creep compared with the hydraulic technology. The central flow channel arranged inside the reamer in cooperation with the resin balls can realize the integration of "drilling - reaming". The angle adaptive adjustment device installed inside the reamer can automatically adjust the reaming angle of the nozzle according to the coal seam information, effectively avoiding the appearance of reaming blank zones. The Laval nozzle designed based on aerodynamics in this device can accelerate the air to ultra-high speed, has a very high impact kinetic energy, and can realize the large-range and high-efficiency crushing of the coal body. The utility model solves the coal mining problem caused by the low gas drainage efficiency in soft, low-permeability and high-gas mines. The working pressure of this equipment is relatively low, the equipment has high safety, and is convenient to operate.

[0012] The advantages of the utility model are as follows:

[0013] 1. Inside the designed reamer, the added structure of the angle adaptive adjustment device can realize the self-adaptive adjustment of the nozzle angle by measuring the required reaming angle with the gyroscope and driving the radial nozzle to rotate with the servo motor, effectively avoiding the appearance of reaming blank zones and realizing high-efficiency reaming;

[0014] 2. The Laval nozzle used in the utility model is developed based on the aerodynamic principle, and can achieve a supersonic gas outlet velocity (v > 700 m / s) under low-pressure air (P < 1.0 MPa), and can realize large-range and high-efficiency crushing for soft coal seams (solidity coefficient f < 0.3). BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 FIG. is a reference diagram of the usage state of the present utility model.

[0016] Figure 2 FIG. is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the reamer of the present utility model.

[0017] Figure 3 FIG. is a schematic structure diagram of the reaming assembly and the angle self-adaptive adjustment device in the present utility model.

[0018] Figure 4 FIG. is a schematic structure diagram of the ratchet wheel in the present utility model.

[0019] Figure 5 FIG. is a schematic structure diagram of the angle self-adaptive adjustment device in the present utility model.

[0020] Figure 6 FIG. is a schematic structure diagram of the Laval nozzle in the present utility model.

[0021] Figure 7 FIG. is a schematic structure diagram of the elastic block in the present utility model.

[0022] Figure 8 FIG. is a schematic structure diagram of the resin microspheres used in the embodiment.

[0023] Figure 9 FIG. is a schematic structure diagram of the reamer of the present utility model.

[0024] Figure 10 FIG. is a working state diagram of the cooperation between the angle self-adaptive adjustment device and the ratchet wheel in the present utility model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0025] Such as Figures 1-10As shown in the figure, a reamer with self - adaptive adjustment of reaming angle is used. During use, it needs to be installed between the drill pipe and the drill bit of the drilling rig and used in combination with resin balls located in the drill pipe to block the central flow channel of the reamer. Specifically, it includes a housing, a central flow channel 6b located at the center of the housing, and DC channel nozzles 6a arranged in parallel at the upper and lower parts of the central flow channel. Each end of the DC channel nozzle is provided with a reaming component. The reaming component includes a radial nozzle 6f that is connected to the DC channel nozzle and is vertically movably connected. A ratchet 6c is sleeved outside the radial nozzle. The end of the radial nozzle is provided with a Laval nozzle 6d that is inclined outward and connected to the DC channel nozzle. The Laval nozzle is located in an elastic block 19 inside the reamer housing 22. The elastic block is located in the nozzle angle adjustment area of the reamer. A straight channel 20 for placing the Laval nozzle is provided at the center of the elastic block. The setting of the elastic block is to prevent coal slag in the drill hole from entering the reamer housing from the nozzle and affecting subsequent work. The deformation amount of the elastic block is less than the torsion force when the Laval nozzle rotates, that is, to ensure that the Laval nozzle can rotate and spray normally. Two symmetric nozzles are provided outside the reamer housing. The opening of the nozzle is larger than the inner diameter of the DC channel in the elastic block to meet the need when the Laval nozzle rotates and sprays. The nozzle is connected to the DC channel nozzle. It also includes a control system and an angle self - adaptive adjustment device 6e. The angle self - adaptive adjustment device includes an internal gear 14 inserted into the air inlet end of the radial nozzle and having an interference fit with the inner wall of the radial nozzle, a spoke gear 15 meshing with the internal gear. The center of the spoke gear is fixedly connected to the output end of the servo motor. It also includes a gyroscope. The servo motor, gyroscope, and control system are all arranged in a cylindrical protective shell. The protective shell is inserted into the end of the DC channel nozzle. The control system includes a PLC integrated control board. The gyroscope and the servo motor are both electrically connected to the PLC integrated control board. The ratchet is an inner - rim ratchet, including an inner - rim helical tooth surface 9b on the outside and a circular arc surface 9a at the center. A blocking block 11 meshing with the inner - rim helical tooth surface is fixedly provided on the surface of the circular arc surface through a large pin 10. A spring piece 12 meshing with the inner - rim helical tooth surface is fixedly provided on the surface of the circular arc surface through a small pin 13. The bottom of the inner - rim helical tooth surface is movably connected to the circular arc surface. The circular arc surface is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the radial nozzle. This setting can meet the requirement that when the radial nozzle rotates, it drives the circular arc surface to rotate, while the blocking block and the spring piece can prevent the radial nozzle from rotating in the reverse direction. The center of the Laval nozzle is successively a contraction section 16, a throat section 17, and an expansion section 18. The outlet of the expansion section is connected to the straight channel at the center of the elastic block.

[0026] During specific use, first, install the reamer between the drill pipe 4 and the drill bit 7. Turn on the air compressor. The high-pressure resistant pipeline 2 connected to the outlet of the air compressor 1 is connected to the drill pipe 4 through the air distributor 3. The drilling rig 5 drives the drill pipe 4, the reamer 6, and the drill bit 7 to drill and ream into the coal seam 8. Put the resin balls 21 into the central hole of the drill pipe 4 by disassembling the connection between the air distributor 3 and the drill pipe. The relationship between the diameter d1 of the resin balls, the diameter d2 of the air distributor hole, and the diameter d3 of the drill pipe hole is d3>d1>d2. The balls designed in this way can smoothly pass through the central hole of the drill pipe without falling into the internal flow channel of the air distributor. Turn on the air compressor 1 to a pressure slightly lower than the required working pressure. Open the valve 3a on the air distributor 3. After timing for 1 minute, adjust the air compressor to the required working pressure. This can prevent the resin balls from being impacted and broken due to the rapid movement under the action of gas. The compressed gas carries the resin balls 21 through the air distributor 3 and moves in the central hole of the drill pipe 4 until it reaches the inlet end of the central flow channel 6b of the reamer. At this time, the resin balls 21 block the central flow channel because their diameter is larger than that of the central flow channel 6b. The gas is divided into two streams in the reamer 6 and flows along path one and path two respectively. Path one: The gas passes through the straight flow nozzle 6a installed in the reamer 6, then enters the radial nozzle 6f installed in the ratchet structure 6c, and finally enters the Laval nozzle 6d and is accelerated to supersonic speed and ejected. Path two is the same as path one and will not be elaborated. The nozzle angle adaptive adjustment device of the reamer consists of the ratchet 9 and the control system 6e. When starting to ream, the control system senses the angle change through the built-in gyroscope and transmits the data signal to the PLC integrated control board. The PLC integrated control board sends instructions to control the servo motor. The output end of the servo motor is matched with the spoke gear 15, and the spoke gear 15 meshes with the internal gear 14. The internal gear 14 is installed in the radial flow pipe with interference fit. The outer wall of the radial flow pipe is fixedly matched with the central circular arc surface of the ratchet 9. When the radial flow pipe rotates, it drives the blocking block 11 to rotate. The blocking block 11 is fixed by the large pin 10 and can only rotate around the pin. The elastic piece is matched with the blocking block 11 through the small pin 13. During the rotation process, it can effectively prevent the radial flow pipe from rotating backward by meshing with the ratchet helical surface 9b through the blocking block 11. The gas outlet section of the radial flow pipe is matched with the Laval nozzle 6d. The servo motor drives the spoke gear 15 to move. The spoke gear 15 meshes with the internal gear 14 installed in the radial flow pipe, and then drives the radial flow pipe to rotate, and finally drives the Laval nozzle 6d to rotate to achieve angle adjustment. The elastic block 19 is installed in the nozzle angle adjustment range area 6d. The middle straight channel 20 is matched with the Laval nozzle 6d, which can prevent the coal slag from falling during the coal breaking and reaming process and entering the inside of the reamer. The gas enters the Laval nozzle 6d. First, it is accelerated to the local sonic speed at the throat 17 position through the contraction section 16, and then continues to accelerate to supersonic speed in the expansion section 18 and is ejected for reaming work.

Claims

1. A reamer with an adaptively adjustable reaming angle, characterized in that: It includes a housing, a central flow channel located at the center of the housing, and DC flow channel nozzles arranged in parallel at the upper and lower parts of the central flow channel. An expansion hole assembly is provided at the end of each DC flow channel nozzle. Two symmetric nozzles are provided outside the expansion hole housing, and the nozzles are connected to the DC flow channel nozzles; it also includes a control system and an angle adaptive adjustment device.

2. The reamer with self - adaptive adjustment of reaming angle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The expansion hole assembly includes a radial nozzle connected to the DC flow channel nozzle and vertically movably connected. A ratchet is sleeved outside the radial nozzle. A Laval nozzle inclined outward and connected to the DC flow channel nozzle is provided at the end of the radial nozzle. The Laval nozzle is located in a spring block inside the expansion hole housing. The spring block is located in the nozzle angle adjustment area in the expansion hole. A straight channel for placing the Laval nozzle is provided at the center of the spring block.

3. The reamer with self-adaptive adjustment of reaming angle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle adaptive adjustment device includes an internal gear inserted into the air inlet end of the radial nozzle and in interference fit with the inner wall of the radial nozzle, a spoke gear meshing with the internal gear, and the center of the spoke gear is fixedly connected to the output end of the servo motor. It also includes a gyroscope. The servo motor, gyroscope, and control system are all arranged in a cylindrical protective housing, and the protective housing is inserted into the end of the DC flow channel nozzle.

4. The reamer with self-adaptive adjustment of reaming angle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control system includes a PLC integrated control board, and the gyroscope and servo motor are both electrically connected to the PLC integrated control board.

5. The reamer with self - adaptive adjustment of reaming angle according to claim 2, characterized in that: The ratchet is an inner-edge ratchet, including an outer inner-edge helical tooth surface and a central circular arc surface. A blocking block and a spring piece meshing with the inner-edge helical tooth surface are respectively fixed on the circular arc surface through large and small pins. The bottom of the inner-edge helical tooth surface is movably connected to the circular arc surface, and the circular arc surface is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the radial nozzle.

6. The reamer with self - adaptive adjustment of reaming angle according to claim 2, characterized in that: The center of the Laval nozzle is successively a contraction section, a throat section, and a diffusion section, and the outlet of the diffusion section is connected to the straight channel at the center of the spring block.

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