Soil monitoring device based on erosion and deposition process

Abstract

The utility model provides a soil monitoring device based on an erosion and deposition process, which comprises a partition plate arranged in a monitoring area and used for forming a collection area and an erosion area; the sand collecting pipe structure comprises a first sand collecting pipe and / or a second sand collecting pipe, part of the first sand collecting pipe is arranged in the collecting area, the other part of the first sand collecting pipe extends out of the collecting area, and the first sand collecting pipe is provided with a first sand collecting opening used for being communicated with the furrow; one part of the second sand collecting pipe is arranged in the collecting area, the other part of the second sand collecting pipe extends out of the collecting area, and the second sand collecting pipe is provided with a second sand collecting opening which is used for protruding out of the ridge surface or the soil layer; and the flow collecting tank is arranged in the erosion area and is used for communicating with a sedimentation tank. According to the utility model, the technical problem that a large error exists between monitoring data and actual watershed environment data due to the fact that a traditional monitoring device cannot monitor the processes of slope splash erosion, slice erosion and channel erosion at the same time is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of soil monitoring, in particular to a soil monitoring device based on erosion and deposition processes. Background Art

[0002] In previous experimental designs, to explore the loss of soil minerals / nutrients and processes during the erosion-transport-deposition process, it was divided into two stages. The first stage was the monitoring of the slope erosion process, and the second stage was to calculate the erosion and deposition positions and their earthwork volumes after erosion deposition, and then evaluate the erosion deposition intensity and its impact on soil properties. The identification of this deposition and erosion process can be achieved by remote sensing and other 3S technologies. On a small slope scale, when sediment is transported out of the slope, due to the long-distance transport and deposition of sediment along irregular water channels, it is difficult to accurately analyze the position and source of the deposited sediment. Therefore, it is impossible to accurately connect with the slope water erosion process, and thus it is impossible to accurately quantify and explore the element cycle (such as the carbon cycle) and nutrient changes under the influence of the slope-scale erosion-transport-deposition process. In simulated deposition experiments, sedimentation ponds are usually arranged under the runoff slope plots, so that all the eroded sediment on the slope is deposited and flows into the sedimentation ponds. However, this experimental design still cannot quantify the influence of regional topography and geomorphic factors on the deposition process, nor can it simultaneously monitor and connect splash erosion, sheet erosion, and gully erosion within the slope, as well as the deposition processes inside and outside the slope, and it cannot systematically explore the complex slope erosion process. Especially for severely eroded sloping farmland, due to the influence of cross-slope ridging, down-slope furrows, and furrow tillage, the slope erosion-transport-deposition process becomes more complex. Content of the Utility Model

[0003] Aiming at the deficiencies in the prior art, the utility model provides a soil monitoring device based on erosion and deposition processes to solve the technical problem that traditional monitoring equipment in related technologies cannot simultaneously monitor the splash erosion, sheet erosion, and gully erosion processes on the slope, resulting in a large error between the monitoring data and the actual watershed environment data.

[0004] The utility model provides a soil monitoring device based on erosion and deposition processes for installation on a slope, where the slope includes at least one of furrows, ridge surfaces, and soil layers. The soil monitoring device includes:

[0005] A monitoring plot, surrounding the slope;

[0006] Partition boards, arranged in the monitoring plot for separating the monitoring plot into at least one collection area and at least one erosion area;

[0007] The sand collecting pipe structure includes a first sand collecting pipe and / or a second sand collecting pipe. A part of the first sand collecting pipe is arranged in the collection area, and the other part extends outside the collection area. The first sand collecting pipe in the collection area has a first sand collecting opening for communicating with the ridge ditch.

[0008] A part of the second sand collecting pipe is arranged in the collection area, and the other part extends outside the collection area. The second sand collecting pipe in the collection area has a second sand collecting opening for protruding outside the ridge surface or the soil layer.

[0009] The flow collecting trough is arranged in the erosion area. One end of the flow collecting trough is located at the bottom of the slope surface, and the other end is provided with a sedimentation pond.

[0010] Further, the first sand collecting pipe is perpendicular to the ridge ditch, and the first sand collecting opening is formed at the connection of the two.

[0011] Further, the first sand collecting pipe is provided with a first cavity along its axial direction, and the first sand collecting opening is communicated with the first cavity; and / or

[0012] The second sand collecting pipe is provided with a second cavity along its axial direction, and the second sand collecting opening is communicated with the second cavity.

[0013] Further, the second sand collecting opening is communicated with the second cavity through a splash erosion sediment channel, and the splash erosion sediment channel is consistent with the shape of the ridge surface.

[0014] Further, a subsurface flow sampling pipe is arranged in the erosion area along the slope surface direction, and one end of the subsurface flow sampling pipe protrudes outside the erosion area.

[0015] Further, at least part of the cross-section of the flow collecting trough is in a V-shaped structure.

[0016] Further, the width of the end of the flow collecting trough connecting the slope surface is equal to the width of the erosion area.

[0017] Further, the sedimentation pond is arranged in a stepped manner with multiple ones. The multiple sedimentation ponds include a top-layer sedimentation pond arranged at the top, a bottom-layer sedimentation pond arranged at the bottom, and at least one middle-layer sedimentation pond arranged between the top-layer sedimentation pond and the bottom-layer sedimentation pond. In adjacent two sedimentation ponds, the upper sedimentation pond is provided with an outlet for lapping on the lower sedimentation pond, so that the multiple sedimentation ponds form an S-shaped sedimentation path.

[0018] Further, in adjacent two sedimentation ponds, the lower sedimentation pond is provided with a stilling board for connecting the corresponding outlet.

[0019] Further, the sedimentation pond is provided with water permeable holes; and / or

[0020] The surface of the sedimentation pond is covered with a separation net, which is used to separate the original subsoil and the newly deposited soil.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial effects: by arranging a partition board in the monitoring plot to divide the plot into a collection area and an erosion area; and by setting corresponding first sand collecting pipes and / or second sand collecting pipes in the collection area through different tillage methods to collect the water and sand in the ridge furrows, ridge surfaces, etc. or splash erosion samples; at the same time, the runoff sediment on the slope surface can be collected through the flow collection trough arranged at the bottom of the slope surface, so that the splash erosion, sheet erosion and gully erosion processes of high-intensity erosion slopes such as sloping farmland can be systematically monitored, and the influences of tillage methods such as cross-ridge farming, down-ridge farming and flat farming are taken into account, providing an effective means for systematically and coherently exploring the influence of water erosion on soil properties and soil organic carbon turnover / mineralization. At the same time, it can also provide important continuous data support for the construction of the next soil / organic carbon erosion-transport-sedimentation model. In addition, it can avoid uneven sedimentation caused by the complex and irregular changes in the topography and geomorphology of the small watershed, and the influence of the changes in the topography and geomorphology on sediment deposition can be quantified by changing the size of the sedimentation area and the drop of different sections of the sedimentation area in this plot. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a soil monitoring device in an embodiment of the utility model;

[0023] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of a first sand collecting pipe in an embodiment of the utility model;

[0024] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of a second sand collecting pipe in an embodiment of the utility model;

[0025] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of the first and second sand collecting pipes during down-ridge farming in an embodiment of the utility model;

[0026] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of a second sand collecting pipe during flat farming in an embodiment of the utility model.

[0027] Explanation of the Reference Numerals in the Drawings:

[0028] 1, slope surface; 2, ridge furrow; 3, ridge surface; 4, collection area; 5, erosion area; 6, partition board; 7, first sand collecting pipe; 701, first sand collecting port; 8, second sand collecting pipe; 801, second sand collecting port; 802, splash erosion sediment channel; 9, flow collection trough; 10, sedimentation pond; 11, outlet; 12, subsurface flow sample pipe; 13, stilling board.

[0029] The realization, functional characteristics and advantages of the purpose of the utility model will be further described with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. Detailed Embodiment

[0030] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present utility model more clear and understandable, the technical solutions in the present utility model will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present utility model and are not used to limit the present utility model.

[0031] In the embodiment of the present utility model, as Figures 1-5 shown, the soil monitoring device based on the erosion and deposition process includes: a monitoring plot, a partition plate 6, a sand collecting pipe structure and a catchment trough 9; the monitoring plot surrounds the slope 1; the partition plate 6 is arranged in the monitoring plot for separating the monitoring plot into at least one collection area 4 and at least one erosion area 5; the sand collecting pipe structure includes a first sand collecting pipe 7 and / or a second sand collecting pipe 8, a part of the first sand collecting pipe 7 is arranged in the collection area 4, and the other part extends out of the collection area 4, and the first sand collecting pipe 7 located in the collection area 4 has a first sand collecting opening 701 for communicating with the ridge trench 2; a part of the second sand collecting pipe 8 is arranged in the collection area 4, and the other part extends out of the collection area 4, and the second sand collecting pipe 8 located in the collection area 4 has a second sand collecting opening 801 for protruding from the ridge surface 3 or outside the soil layer; the catchment trough 9 is arranged in the erosion area 5, one end of the catchment trough 9 is located at the bottom of the slope 1, and the other end is provided with a sedimentation pond 10.

[0032] Specifically, in the embodiment of the present utility model, this monitoring device is used to be installed on the slope 1, and this slope 1 has a top and a bottom; for cross-slope ridging, the slope 1 has a ridge trench 2 and a ridge surface 3, and both are arranged along the transverse direction of the slope 1; on the contrary, the ridge trench 2 and the ridge surface 3 of the down-slope ridging are arranged in the same direction along the slope 1; for flat cultivation, there is no ridge trench 2 and ridge surface 3, and it is formed by stacking soil layers to form the slope 1. The above-mentioned ridging method adopted is the local common tillage method, with a ridge height of 20 cm and a ridge width of 60 cm.

[0033] In the embodiment of the present utility model, a monitoring plot is set up to enclose the slope 1 to be monitored; the periphery of this monitoring plot can be made of stainless steel plates, and the stainless steel plates can be inserted to the corresponding depth of the plough layer. On the other hand, in order to facilitate the simultaneous monitoring of different variables, a partition plate 6 is arranged in the monitoring plot for separating the monitoring plot to form a collection area 4 and an erosion area 5. As Figure 1 and Figure 5 shown, two partition plates 6 are inserted in the monitoring plot to form two collection areas 4 on both sides and an erosion area 5 between the two collection areas 4; or as Figure 4 shown, one partition plate 6 is inserted in the monitoring plot, and the monitoring plot can be divided into an erosion area 5 at the top of the slope 1 and a collection area 4 at the bottom of the slope 1.

[0034] In the embodiments of the present utility model, in cross-slope ridging and down-slope ridging, since ridge grooves 2 and ridge surfaces 3 are provided thereon, a first sand collecting pipe 7 and a second sand collecting pipe 8 are inserted into the collecting area 4. Specifically, as Figure 2 , Figure 3 shown, one ends of the first sand collecting pipe 7 and the second sand collecting pipe 8 both extend into the collecting area 4, and a plurality of first sand collecting openings 701 and a plurality of second sand collecting openings 801 are formed. The other ends of both extend outside the collecting area 4 for guiding the corresponding sediment and the like collected by each sand collecting opening outside the collecting area 4. The above-mentioned first sand collecting openings 701 are arranged at each ridge groove 2 for collecting the water and sand in the ridge groove 2; the second sand collecting openings 801 protrude outside each ridge surface 3 for collecting the splash erosion sediment on the ridge surface 3; of course, the partition plate 6 and the second sand collecting openings 801 are slightly higher than the ridge surface 3, which can ensure complete collection of the splash erosion samples while isolating the collecting area 4. As Figure 1 and Figure 4 shown, due to different tillage methods, the extending directions of the first sand collecting pipe 7 and the second sand collecting pipe 8 are also different. In cross-slope ridging, the first sand collecting pipe 7 and the second sand collecting pipe 8 extend to the bottom of the slope surface 1; in down-slope ridging, the first sand collecting pipe 7 and the second sand collecting pipe 8 extend to one side of the slope surface 1.

[0035] In other embodiments, as Figure 5 shown, since there are no ridge grooves 2 and ridge surfaces 3 in flat tillage, the second sand collecting pipe 8 can be inserted into the soil layer of flat tillage. A second sand collecting opening 801 is arranged on the soil layer surface for communicating with the second sand collecting pipe 8, and it can also be used for collecting splash erosion sediment; the second sand collecting pipe 8 is arranged along the direction of the slope surface 1 and extends outside the bottom of the slope surface 1.

[0036] In the embodiments of the present utility model, a catchment trough 9 is arranged at the bottom of the slope surface 1. Both ends of the catchment trough 9 are through. One end is located at the bottom of the slope surface 1, and the other end is provided with a sedimentation pond 10; on the one hand, it can collect the water and sediment samples on the slope surface 1, and on the other hand, it can introduce the water and sediment samples into the sedimentation pond for sedimentation process monitoring.

[0037] In this embodiment, the monitoring plot can be separated into a collection area 4 and an erosion area 5 by a partition 6. According to different tillage methods, corresponding first sand collecting pipes 7 and / or second sand collecting pipes 8 can be inserted into the collection area 4 to facilitate the collection of water and sediment in the ridge furrow 2, splash erosion sediment on the ridge surface 3 (or soil surface), and water and sediment samples on the slope 1. At the same time, the water and sediment samples on the slope 1 can be introduced into the sedimentation tank 10 for sedimentation monitoring. It can effectively and simultaneously monitor the selective erosion-transport-deposition process of soil sediment / organic carbon under surface runoff, and can systematically monitor the splash erosion, sheet erosion, and gully erosion processes on high-intensity erosion slopes such as sloping farmland. In addition, the sizes of the collection area 4 and the erosion area 5 can be appropriately adjusted according to the size of the monitoring range, which can avoid uneven sedimentation caused by the complex and irregular changes in the topography and geomorphology of small watersheds. For the designed plot, the influence of topographic and geomorphic changes on sediment deposition can be quantified by changing the size of the sedimentation area and the elevation difference of different sections of the sedimentation area. Complete the monitoring of the splash erosion, sheet erosion, and gully erosion processes in the field cultivated land and connect them to different watershed sedimentation processes; the length / height of the plot structure can be adjusted in sections, and the runoff can be ensured to flow through and the sedimentation process can be complete; the influence of topography and geomorphology on the sedimentation process can be quantified; the experimental data of the erosion-transport and sedimentation processes can be systematically connected; the research at the slope 1 scale and the watershed scale can be linked.

[0038] As Figure 2 shown, in one embodiment, the first sand collecting pipe 7 is perpendicular to the ridge furrow 2, and the first sand collecting port 701 is formed at the connection of the two. Specifically, in order to collect the water and sediment in the ridge furrow 2, in this embodiment, the first sand collecting pipe 7 is vertically installed at the ridge furrow 2, and the first sand collecting port 701 is formed at the intersection of the first sand collecting pipe 7 and the ridge furrow 2; at the same time, the first sand collecting port 701 arranged in a sunken manner can introduce the water and sediment in the ridge furrow 2 into the first sand collecting pipe 7 in a form similar to a floor drain through the first sand collecting port 701, and finally be discharged to an external receiving device (such as a bucket) through the first sand collecting pipe 7.

[0039] As Figure 2 shown, in one embodiment, the first sand collecting pipe 7 is provided with a first cavity along its axial direction, and the first sand collecting port 701 is communicated with the first cavity; that is, the first sand collecting port 701 is formed on the surface of the first sand collecting pipe 7, and a plurality of first sand collecting ports 701 are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the first sand collecting pipe 7 and are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with a plurality of ridge furrows 2 to facilitate the centralized introduction of the water and sediment in the ridge furrow 2 into the first sand collecting pipe 7 through the first sand collecting port 701. Similarly, the second sand collecting pipe 8 is provided with a second cavity along its axial direction, and the second sand collecting port 801 is communicated with the second cavity.

[0040] Preferably, as Figure 3As shown, a splash erosion sediment channel 802 is provided to connect the second sediment collection opening 801 and the second cavity. The splash erosion sediment channel 802 has the same shape as the ridge surface 3. Specifically, since the second sediment collection opening 801 needs to protrude above the ridge surface 3, while the second sediment collection pipe 8 is inserted into the soil surface of the collection area 4, a splash erosion sediment channel 802 is provided between the two to seamlessly connect the second sediment collection pipe 8 and the second sediment collection opening 801, so that the splash erosion sediment on the ridge surface 3 collected by the second sediment collection opening 801 can enter the second sediment collection pipe 8 through the above channel. Of course, to improve the accuracy and integrity of the collected samples, the splash erosion sediment channel 802 has the same shape as the ridge surface 3.

[0041] As Figure 1 shown, in one embodiment, a subsurface flow sample pipe 12 is provided along the slope surface 1 direction in the erosion area 5, and one end of the subsurface flow sample pipe 12 protrudes outside the erosion area 5. Specifically, to collect subsurface flow samples, in this embodiment, a subsurface flow sample pipe 12 is inserted into the erosion area 5. The pipe is arranged along the slope surface 1 direction and extends outside the erosion area 5 for discharging subsurface flow samples, which can effectively monitor the selective erosion - transport - deposition process of soil sediment / organic carbon under surface runoff and subsurface flow simultaneously.

[0042] As Figure 1 shown, in one embodiment, at least part of the cross-section of the flow collector 9 has a V-shaped structure. Specifically, to centrally discharge the water and sediment samples on the slope surface 1, in this embodiment, part of the cross-section of the flow collector 9 is defined as a V-shaped structure, with its large opening end facing the bottom of the slope surface 1, and its small opening end connected to a flow collection pipe, which is suspended above the sedimentation pond 10, so that the water and sediment on the slope surface 1 can be gathered at the flow collector 9 and introduced into the sedimentation pond 10 through the flow collector 9 for sedimentation monitoring.

[0043] Preferably, as Figure 1 shown, the width of the end of the flow collector 9 connected to the slope surface 1 is equal to the width of the erosion area 5. Extending the connection length between the flow collector 9 and the erosion area 5 can, on the one hand, accommodate more water and sediment on the slope surface 1, and on the other hand, provide a certain buffer for the water and sediment on the slope surface 1 to prevent overflow at the bottom of the slope surface 1.

[0044] As Figure 1As shown, in one embodiment, the sedimentation ponds 10 are arranged in a stepped manner, and there are multiple sedimentation ponds 10, including a top-layer sedimentation pond located at the top, a bottom-layer sedimentation pond located at the bottom, and at least one middle-layer sedimentation pond located between the top-layer sedimentation pond and the bottom-layer sedimentation pond. Among two adjacent sedimentation ponds 10, the sedimentation pond 10 above is provided with an outlet 11 for lapping on the sedimentation pond 10 below, so that the multiple sedimentation ponds 10 are configured to form an S-shaped sedimentation path. Specifically, in this embodiment, a three-stage distributed sedimentation is adopted. The runoff flows out from the catchment trough 9 and enters the primary sedimentation pond, deposits horizontally along the primary sedimentation pond and enters the secondary sedimentation pond through the falling water at the outlet 11. The water at the end of the secondary sedimentation pond falls and then enters the tertiary sedimentation pond to complete the sedimentation. Finally, the excess water converges in the confluence bucket. Of course, when using this device to monitor the sedimentation process, the rainfall intensity can be flexibly set, such as three rainfall patterns, namely weak-strong, strong-weak, and weak-strong-weak, to simulate the sedimentation patterns on the slope 1 under the rainfall characteristics of different regions. This runoff plot design can avoid a large amount of sediment deposition at a single point, making the deposited sediment simulate uneven deposition on the surface of the water channel in the field scenario, and can combinatorially simulate the sedimentation process of sediment from different single slopes 1. After the runoff goes downhill, it is transported and deposited along the horizontal water channel and finally flows out. The bottom of the sedimentation plot simulates a natural water channel.

[0045] The sedimentation pond 10 is filled with plow layer soil, and the size is initially set to be 3 m in length and 1 m in width, which can be adjusted according to the sediment yield from erosion in the previous experiment. To minimize the runoff velocity as much as possible, the top-layer sedimentation pond is 0.05 m lower than the slope 1 catchment trough 9. To prevent water pits from being dug out at the bottom of the sedimentation pond 10 during the falling water, a stilling plate 13 with a width of 0.3 m, a length of 0.8 m, and a depth of 0.01 m is provided at the position of each sedimentation pond 10 facing the catchment trough 9 / falling water outlet 11. To ensure the effectiveness of the connection of the tertiary sedimentation pond, according to the sediment yield from the rainfall experiment during the erosion process, the volume of sediment deposited in each stage is converted, and the amount of plow layer soil filled at the bottom is calculated so that after the sediment is deposited, the water can flow to the next stage for falling water sedimentation. The bottom of the sedimentation pond 10 is evenly provided with permeable holes with a diameter of 1 cm to ensure the water permeability condition of the deposited soil. After the plow layer soil is filled and before the sedimentation experiment, a food-grade nylon screen cloth is covered on the soil surface to distinguish the deposited soil from the original soil and reduce the interference with soil organic carbon. The sedimentation pond 10 can be made of cement casting or other heat-insulating materials with poor heat conduction, stable and durable, or can also be made of iron sheet wrapped with heat-insulating materials to make a sedimentation plot with adjustable height and length.

[0046] The size and height of each sedimentation pond 10 can be adjusted according to experimental requirements to explore the influence of different topographies on the sedimentation process. After the experiment, samples of the sedimentation process can be directly collected by controlling the rainfall time, such as 20 min / 40 min / 60 min, or in-situ cultivation monitoring can be carried out to explore the influence of the sedimentation process under different topographies on soil element cycling / nutrients or properties. In addition, the erosion process of the slope 1 can be monitored by placing a runoff bucket on the sedimentation pond 10.

[0047] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified or equivalently replaced without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and they should all be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A soil monitoring device based on erosion and deposition processes, for installation on a slope surface, where the slope surface includes at least one of ridge furrows, ridge surfaces, and soil layers, characterized in that, The soil monitoring device includes: A monitoring plot, surrounding the slope surface; A partition board, arranged in the monitoring plot, for dividing the monitoring plot into at least one collection area and at least one erosion area; A sand collecting pipe structure, including a first sand collecting pipe and / or a second sand collecting pipe. A part of the first sand collecting pipe is arranged in the collection area, and the other part extends outside the collection area. The first sand collecting pipe in the collection area has a first sand collecting opening for communicating with the ridge ditch; A part of the second sand collecting pipe is arranged in the collection area, and the other part extends outside the collection area. The second sand collecting pipe in the collection area has a second sand collecting opening for protruding outside the ridge surface or the soil layer; A flow collecting trough, arranged in the erosion area. One end of the flow collecting trough is located at the bottom of the slope surface, and the other end is provided with a sedimentation pond.

2. The soil monitoring device based on the erosion and deposition process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first sand collecting pipe is perpendicular to the ridge ditch, and the first sand collecting opening is formed at the connection of the two; 3. A soil monitoring device based on erosion and deposition processes as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The first sand collecting pipe is provided with a first cavity along its axial direction, and the first sand collecting opening is communicated with the first cavity; and / or The second sand collecting pipe is provided with a second cavity along its axial direction, and the second sand collecting opening is communicated with the second cavity.

4. The soil monitoring device based on erosion and deposition processes according to claim 3, characterized in that, The second sand collecting opening is communicated with the second cavity through a splash erosion sediment channel, and the splash erosion sediment channel is consistent with the shape of the ridge surface; 5. The soil monitoring device based on the erosion and deposition process according to claim 1, characterized in that In the erosion area, a subsurface flow sampling pipe is arranged along the slope surface direction, and one end of the subsurface flow sampling pipe protrudes outside the erosion area; 6. The soil monitoring device based on erosion and deposition processes according to claim 1, wherein, At least part of the cross section of the flow collecting trough is in a V-shaped structure; 7. The soil monitoring device based on erosion and deposition processes according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that, The width of the end of the flow collecting trough connected to the slope surface is equal to the width of the erosion area; 8. The soil monitoring device based on the erosion and deposition process according to claim 1, wherein The sedimentation pond is arranged in a stepped manner with multiple levels. The multiple sedimentation ponds include a top-layer sedimentation pond arranged at the top, a bottom-layer sedimentation pond arranged at the bottom, and at least one middle-layer sedimentation pond arranged between the top-layer sedimentation pond and the bottom-layer sedimentation pond. In two adjacent sedimentation ponds, the sedimentation pond above is provided with an outlet for lapping on the sedimentation pond below, so that the multiple sedimentation ponds form an S-shaped sedimentation path; 9. The soil monitoring device based on erosion and deposition processes according to claim 8, characterized in that, In two adjacent sedimentation ponds, the sedimentation pond below is provided with a stilling board for connecting the corresponding outlet; 10. A soil monitoring device based on erosion and deposition processes according to claim 8, characterized in that, The sedimentation pond is provided with water permeable holes; and / or The surface of the sedimentation pond is covered with a separation net for separating the original bottom soil and the newly deposited soil.

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