Combined antenna

Abstract

The utility model relates to a combined antenna, and belongs to the technical field of radio frequency communication. The combined antenna comprises a plurality of antenna groups of which the working frequency bands are not completely the same; the antennas in the plurality of antenna groups share one feed panel; each antenna group is arranged on the feed panel in a manner that the central axes are symmetrical, and the central axes of the plurality of antenna groups are overlapped; the feed panel is provided with feed points of the antennas in each antenna group; the radiators of the antennas in the multiple antenna groups are arranged at intervals, and the radiators are electrically connected with the feed panel through the feed points of the antennas. By adopting the antenna, the physical space occupied by the antenna can be greatly reduced, meanwhile, the multi-band and multi-function supporting capability of the antenna can be improved, and the radio frequency communication requirements of miniaturization and high integration level are met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of radio frequency communication technologies, and particularly to a combined antenna. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of information technology, the complexity of modern communication systems and wireless communication devices has been increasing continuously, and the requirements for antenna technologies have also become higher and higher. Especially in the field of military communication, the number of various weapons, communication, and electronic devices on modern military equipment has been increasing, making the layout of antennas complex and diverse. In traditional technologies, antennas for different purposes are installed separately. This method occupies a large amount of physical space on platforms with limited space (such as vehicles, ships, and airplanes) and may cause mutual interference between antennas.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new antenna technology that can achieve multi-band and multi-functional integrated design in a limited space, better meet the requirements of modern complex communication environments, and improve the overall performance and reliability of wireless communication systems. Utility Model Content

[0004] Based on this, in view of the above technical problems, it is necessary to provide a combined antenna to meet the multi-band communication requirements of miniaturization and high integration.

[0005] In a first aspect, this application provides a combined antenna, including multiple antenna groups with incompletely identical operating frequency bands;

[0006] Each antenna in multiple said antenna groups shares a feeding board;

[0007] Each of said antenna groups is arranged on said feeding board in a manner symmetric about the central axis, and the central axes of multiple said antenna groups coincide;

[0008] The feeding board is provided with feeding points for each antenna in each of said antenna groups;

[0009] The radiators of each antenna in multiple said antenna groups are arranged at intervals, and the radiators are electrically connected to the feeding board through the feeding points of each antenna.

[0010] In one embodiment, multiple said antenna groups include at least two of a Lora antenna group, a high-precision positioning antenna group, a WiFi / BT antenna group, and a cellular communication antenna group.

[0011] In one embodiment, the feeding board is at least divided into a central region, an edge region, and a middle ring region. The feeding points corresponding to the Lora antenna group are arranged in the central region, the feeding points corresponding to the high-precision positioning antenna group are arranged in the middle ring region, and the feeding points of the WiFi / BT antenna group and the cellular communication antenna group are arranged in the edge region.

[0012] In one embodiment, the Lora antenna group includes a single-arm conical spiral antenna, which at least includes a first radiator and a dielectric rod;

[0013] The first radiator is spirally wound around an axis into a conical shape. One end of the first radiator is the conical apex, and the other end is located on the conical bottom surface. The axis is perpendicular to the plane where the feeding plate is located. The conical apex is close to the feeding plate, and the conical bottom surface is far from the feeding plate;

[0014] The dielectric rod extends along the axis. One end of the dielectric rod is electrically connected to the feeding plate through a feeding point, and the other end of the dielectric rod is connected to the apex of the first radiator. The feeding point is located at the geometric center of the feeding plate.

[0015] In one embodiment, the high-precision positioning antenna group includes a multi-feed-point air dielectric loaded antenna, which at least includes a substrate, a second radiator and a multi-feed-point structure;

[0016] The substrate is parallel to the feeding plate, and the line connecting the geometric centers of the substrate and the feeding plate is perpendicular to the plane where the feeding plate is located;

[0017] The second radiator includes a metal material layer attached to the substrate and a coupling slot formed by slotting on the metal material layer. The coupling slot is centrosymmetric;

[0018] The multi-feed-point structure includes a plurality of PIN pins perpendicular to the plane where the substrate is located. One end of each PIN pin is connected to the feeding plate to form a feeding point, and the other end penetrates the substrate and is connected to the metal material layer. The connection points of the plurality of PIN pins and the metal material layer uniformly surround the geometric center of the metal material layer.

[0019] In one embodiment, the multi-feed-point air dielectric loaded antenna further includes a choke structure, and the choke structure includes a plurality of choke components uniformly surrounding the substrate;

[0020] Each choke component includes a horizontal choke plate and a vertical choke post. The horizontal choke plate is coplanar with the substrate, and the vertical choke post is perpendicular to the plane where the substrate is located. One end of the vertical choke post is connected to the geometric center of the horizontal choke plate, and the other end is connected to the feeding plate.

[0021] In one embodiment, the multi-feed-point air dielectric loaded antenna includes a feeding network of the high-precision positioning antenna. The feeding network is arranged on the feeding plate, and the feeding network is electrically connected to the PIN pins through the feeding points;

[0022] The feeding network at least includes a plurality of LC networks, and the LC networks are used for adjusting signal phases or performing signal filtering.

[0023] In one embodiment, the WiFi / BT antenna group includes a plurality of monopole antennas, and each monopole antenna at least includes a third radiator, and the third radiator extends away from the feeding plate from the feeding point.

[0024] The third radiators of the plurality of monopole antennas are symmetrically arranged with respect to the geometric center of the feeding plate.

[0025] In one embodiment, the cellular communication antenna group includes a plurality of shorted stub antennas, and each shorted stub antenna at least includes a fourth radiator and a shorted stub structure.

[0026] The fourth radiator extends away from the feeding plate from the feeding point, and the fourth radiator is provided with a groove for coupling signals of different frequency bands to form the ability of multi-band signal transmission and reception.

[0027] One end of the shorted stub structure is connected to the fourth radiator, and the other end is connected to the feeding plate, and is used for forming a signal transmission path of a high-frequency band through short-circuit coupling.

[0028] The fourth radiators of the plurality of shorted stub antennas are symmetrically arranged with respect to the geometric center of the feeding plate.

[0029] In one embodiment, the feeding plate is a circular feeding plate, and each antenna group is symmetrically arranged along the central axis of the circular feeding plate, wherein the central axis is perpendicular to the plane where the circular feeding plate is located and passes through the center of the circular feeding plate.

[0030] By using the combined antenna disclosed in this embodiment, multiple antenna groups share the feeding plate and are symmetrically arranged with the same central axis. Different antenna groups respectively cover multiple operating frequency bands. The radiators in each antenna group are electrically connected to the feeding plate through the feeding points arranged on the feeding plate, and the electrical signals can be transmitted on the feeding plate to other devices or systems to realize signal processing and transmission. In this way, not only can the physical space occupied by the antenna be greatly reduced, but also the multi-band and multi-functional support capabilities of the antenna can be improved. And because the radiators of each antenna group are arranged at intervals, the signal interference between antennas can be effectively reduced, so that the overall performance and reliability of the antenna system can be significantly improved. Description of the Drawings

[0031] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a combined antenna in an embodiment of the present application.

[0032] Figure 2It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a single-arm conical spiral antenna in an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 3 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a multi-feed air dielectric loaded antenna in an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the feeding network of a multi-feed air dielectric loaded antenna in an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 5 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a monopole antenna in an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 6 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a short-circuit stub antenna in an embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Wherein: 1. combined antenna, 2. feeding board, 3. single-arm conical spiral antenna, 31. first radiator, 32. dielectric rod, 4. multi-feed air dielectric loaded antenna, 41. substrate, 42. second radiator, 43. multi-feed structure, 44. choke structure, 45. feeding network, 451. LC network, 46. coupling slot, 5. monopole antenna, 51. third radiator, 6. short-circuit stub antenna, 61. fourth radiator, 62. short-circuit stub structure. Detailed implementation manners

[0038] In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and understandable, the following describes the detailed implementation manners of the present application in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to fully understand the present application. However, the present application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without departing from the connotation of the present application. Therefore, the present application is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0039] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present application.

[0040] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of this application, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0041] In this application, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the terms "mounted", "connected", "coupled", "fixed", etc. shall be construed broadly. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or integrated; it may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it may be the internal communication of two components or the interaction relationship between two components, unless otherwise clearly limited. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0042] In this application, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the first feature being "on" or "under" the second feature may be that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are indirectly in contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, the first feature being "above", "over" and "on top of" the second feature may be that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicates that the first feature has a higher horizontal height than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "beneath" and "underneath" the second feature may be that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or merely indicates that the first feature has a lower horizontal height than the second feature.

[0043] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as "fixed to" or "disposed on" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may also be an intermediate element. When an element is considered to be "connected" to another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intermediate element at the same time. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "up", "down", "left", "right" and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only embodiments.

[0044] In traditional designs, antennas for different purposes are usually installed independently, and each communication or sensing system requires a dedicated antenna, thus resulting in the stacked use of multiple antennas. For example, satellite communication antennas, radar antennas, radio communication antennas, navigation antennas, etc. may be installed simultaneously on platforms such as ships, aircraft, and vehicles. The stacking method not only occupies a large amount of space, limits the installation of other equipment, or increases the interference between equipment, but also the increase in the number and types of antennas will significantly increase the weight of the equipment, especially on airborne platforms (such as aircraft or drones), where the requirements for the payload capacity of the equipment are more stringent.

[0045] In view of the above situation, an embodiment of the present application provides a combined antenna 1, which can effectively combine multiple frequency bands and multiple functions within a limited physical space, reduce the antenna volume, and improve the overall performance and reliability of the system. The combined antenna 1 is applicable to various wireless communication scenarios with limited space that require support for multiple functions and multiple frequency bands, and has broad application prospects especially in military communications, aerospace equipment, and complex communication systems.

[0046] Referring to Figure 1 As shown, the combined antenna 1 includes multiple antenna groups. The operating frequency bands of each antenna group are not exactly the same and are used to support different communication tasks. The multiple antenna groups share the same feeding board 2, and the feeding board 2 can be in the form of a composite right / left-handed transmission line phase shifter. The feeding points of each antenna in each antenna group are provided on the feeding board 2. All the antennas in each antenna group are installed on the feeding board 2 in a centrosymmetric manner about the central axis to ensure the consistency of the electromagnetic performance within each antenna group and reduce the mutual interference between antennas. The central axes of the multiple antenna groups coincide, so that the antenna groups can be arranged compactly in the physical space to reduce the space occupied by the antennas, and at the same time ensure that each antenna group can work effectively without interference. The radiators of the antennas in the multiple antenna groups are arranged at intervals to ensure that the mutual interference between the radiators is minimized. The radiators are electrically connected to the feeding board 2 through the feeding points of the respective antennas, so that the transmission of electrical signals can be realized.

[0047] By adopting the above combined antenna 1, multiple antenna groups share the feeding board 2 and are symmetrically arranged about the same central axis. Different antenna groups respectively cover multiple operating frequency bands. The radiators in each antenna group are electrically connected to the feeding board 2 through the feeding points provided on the feeding board 2, and the electrical signals can be transmitted on the feeding board 2 to other devices or systems to realize signal processing and transmission. In this way, not only can the physical space occupied by the antennas be greatly reduced, but also the multi-frequency band and multi-function support capabilities of the system can be improved. And because the radiators of each antenna group are arranged at intervals, the signal interference between the antennas can be effectively reduced, thereby significantly improving the overall performance and reliability of the antenna system.

[0048] In one embodiment, at least two of the multiple antenna groups in the above combined antenna 1 include a Lora antenna group, a high-precision positioning antenna group, a WiFi / BT antenna group, and a cellular communication antenna group.

[0049] By integrating multiple antenna groups with different uses, the combined antenna 1 can support multiple communication protocols. The antennas in the multiple antenna groups share the same feeding board 2. The combined antenna 1 includes at least two different types of antenna groups, and the antenna groups can be:

[0050] (1) The Lora antenna group is used to support the remote low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) communication protocol of Lora technology, operating in a specified frequency band, usually 433 MHz, 868 MHz, 915 MHz, etc.;

[0051] (2) The high-precision positioning antenna group is used for high-precision positioning to provide accurate position information, such as GPS (operating frequency bands can include L1, L2, L5), Beidou (operating frequency bands can include B1, B2, B3), GLONASS (operating frequency bands can include L1, L2, L3), GALILEO (operating frequency bands can include E1, E5a, E5b, E6), IRNSS / NAVIC (operating frequency bands can include L5), and QZSS (operating frequency bands can include L1, L2, L5, L6), etc.;

[0052] (3) The WiFi / BT antenna group supports the WiFi and Bluetooth communication protocols, usually operating in the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz frequency bands, and is used for short-distance high-speed data transmission between devices and Bluetooth device connections;

[0053] (4) The cellular communication antenna group: is used to support cellular communication technologies, such as 4G LTE or 5G communication, with the operating frequency band usually between 700 MHz and 3.5 GHz, supporting wide-area network data transmission and voice communication.

[0054] Specifically, the radiators of each antenna group can be designed according to their required communication frequency bands to be respectively used for Lora, positioning, WiFi / BT, and cellular communication. The antennas in each antenna group are electrically connected to the feeding board 2 through the feeding points. The radiators of each antenna can receive or transmit signals of specific frequency bands through the shared feeding board 2 to achieve simultaneous compatibility of multi-protocol communication; and through the layout design of the antenna groups symmetric about the central axis and the setting of the radiator intervals, the electromagnetic interference between each antenna group can be minimized, optimizing the working performance of the multi-protocol and multi-frequency antennas to reduce the interference between signals of different frequency bands and protocols.

[0055] In this way, by integrating the above antenna groups, the combined antenna 1 can simultaneously support multiple protocols such as Lora remote low-power communication, high-precision positioning, WiFi / bluetooth short-distance communication, and cellular communication, achieving the effect of multi-purpose use of one device, and is especially suitable for devices such as the Internet of Things and smart terminals that need to be compatible with multiple communication methods.

[0056] In one embodiment, refer to Figure 1As shown, the feeding board 2 of the combined antenna 1 can be further subdivided into three regions: a central region, a middle ring region, and an edge region, so as to achieve an optimized layout of different antenna groups in terms of physical space and electrical connection. The division of the central region, the middle ring region, and the edge region enables the feeding points of different antenna groups to occupy specific positions on the feeding board 2 respectively, maximizing the performance of each antenna group while reducing mutual interference.

[0057] Among them, the Lora antenna group usually operates in a low-frequency band, and its signal propagation characteristics determine that the setting of the Lora antenna group in the central region can better cover a larger communication range. Therefore, the feeding point of the Lora antenna group can be arranged in the central region of the feeding board 2, which is beneficial to the uniform distribution of its radiation characteristics in the entire structure of the combined antenna 1, thereby improving the effect of long-distance and low-power consumption communication.

[0058] The high-precision positioning antenna group is mainly used for satellite positioning systems such as GPS and Beidou. Its frequency band is relatively high, and the requirements for antenna performance are relatively strict, especially for the stability and accuracy of signals. Therefore, the feeding point of the high-precision positioning antenna group can be arranged in the middle ring region of the feeding board 2 to obtain a better spatial layout, so as to receive satellite signals from all directions and avoid interference with the Lora antenna group in the central region.

[0059] The WiFi / BT antenna group and the cellular communication antenna group usually operate in a relatively high frequency band, and their communication ranges are relatively short. Especially, WiFi and Bluetooth are mainly used for local communication, and they have relatively high requirements for signal directivity and interference suppression. Therefore, the feeding points of the WiFi / BT antenna group and the cellular communication antenna can be arranged in the edge region of the feeding board 2 to reduce the influence on other antenna groups by utilizing the physical characteristics of the edge region and give full play to the advantages of high-frequency communication.

[0060] In this way, by setting the feeding points of different antenna groups in different regions of the feeding board 2, each antenna group can obtain the best physical layout position according to its communication requirements, realizing the spatial separation of each antenna group, optimizing the electromagnetic compatibility between different antenna groups, and reducing the mutual interference between antenna groups. Thus, each antenna group can effectively operate in a limited physical space, improving the communication performance and stability of the combined antenna 1.

[0061] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 2 As shown, the Lora antenna group can adopt the structural form of a single-arm conical spiral antenna 3. Adopting this structural form under the premise of limited space can greatly reduce the size of the antenna. Specifically, the single-arm conical spiral antenna 3 can at least include a first radiator 31 and a dielectric rod 32, where:

[0062] The first radiator 31 is made of a metal material and has a conical spiral structure, that is, it spirally winds around an axis perpendicular to the plane where the feeding plate 2 is located. One end of the first radiator 31 converges to a conical apex, and the other end is located at the conical bottom surface. The conical apex is close to the feeding plate 2, while the conical bottom surface is far from the feeding plate 2. The use of the spiral structure can form a three-dimensional radiator in space, thereby improving the gain and directivity of the antenna, being suitable for the radiation characteristics of low-frequency long waves required by Lora communication, helping to enhance the radiation efficiency of the antenna, and at the same time reducing reflection and loss.

[0063] The dielectric rod 32 extends along the axis direction of the first radiator 31. One end of it is electrically connected to the feeding plate 2 through a feeding point, and the feeding point is located at the geometric center of the feeding plate 2. The other end is connected to the conical apex of the first radiator 31. The dielectric rod 32 can not only provide the overall mechanical stability and electrical performance of the antenna, but also play a role in guiding electromagnetic waves and optimizing the radiation pattern. The material of the dielectric rod 32 can be polytetrafluoroethylene.

[0064] Based on the structure of the above single-arm conical spiral antenna 3, the Lora antenna group can not only ensure the smooth propagation of low-frequency signals of the Lora protocol, but also improve the radiation efficiency and signal gain of the antenna through the combination of the conical spiral and the dielectric rod 32. In addition, setting the feeding point at the geometric center of the feeding plate 2 can optimize the electrical performance of the antenna and ensure the effective transmission and radiation of signals.

[0065] In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 3 the high-precision positioning antenna group may include a multi-feed-point air dielectric loaded antenna 4. By adopting a multi-feed-point structure 43 and an air dielectric loading technology, high gain and multi-directional signal receiving capabilities of the antenna can be achieved, which is particularly suitable for application scenarios of global positioning systems (such as GPS, Beidou, etc.).

[0066] Among them, the multi-feed-point structure 43 can be to set multiple independent feeding points in the antenna. The multiple feeding points are distributed at different positions of the antenna, and each feeding point is responsible for powering or receiving signals for different parts of the antenna to achieve better signal transmission, receiving performance, and electromagnetic characteristics; the air dielectric loading technology can be to introduce an air dielectric layer between the antenna and the radiator. As a dielectric material with a low dielectric constant, air can reduce the loss of the antenna, improve the radiation efficiency and gain. In addition, the introduction of the air dielectric layer can also effectively control the impedance matching of the antenna so that the antenna can work stably at different frequency bands.

[0067] Specifically, the multi-feed-point air dielectric loaded antenna 4 may at least include a substrate 41, a second radiator 42, and a multi-feed-point structure 43, where:

[0068] The substrate 41 can be made of FR4 material, is arranged parallel to the feeding plate 2, and the connection line between the geometric centers of the substrate 41 and the feeding plate 2 is perpendicular to the plane where the feeding plate 2 is located.

[0069] The second radiator 42 is attached to the surface of the substrate 41 and is composed of a metal material layer, which is used for signal radiation and reception of the antenna. Further, in order to improve the working performance of the antenna, coupling slots 46 can be formed by slotting on the metal material layer. The coupling slots 46 are centrosymmetrically distributed, which helps to uniformly receive signals from multiple satellites in different directions to achieve omnidirectional signal coverage.

[0070] The multi-feedpoint structure 43 is composed of multiple PIN pins. The PIN pins can be made of chromium-plated and nickel-plated metal materials. The multiple PIN pins are arranged perpendicular to the plane where the substrate 41 is located and electrically connect the radiator of the antenna to the feeding plate 2, that is, one end of each PIN pin is connected to the feeding plate 2 to form a feed point; the other end penetrates through the substrate 41 and is connected to the metal material layer. The connection points of the multiple PIN pins and the metal material layer are evenly distributed around the geometric center of the metal material layer in a surrounding manner. Correspondingly, the feed points formed by the multiple PIN pins are also evenly distributed around the geometric center of the feeding plate 2 in a surrounding manner.

[0071] In this way, adopting the structure of the multi-feedpoint air dielectric loaded antenna 4, firstly, the multi-feedpoint structure 43 is evenly distributed, which can ensure the radiation consistency and signal reception stability of the antenna in different directions; secondly, the application of the air dielectric loading technology can effectively improve the gain and efficiency of the antenna and ensure better performance of the antenna in high-precision positioning scenarios. Thirdly, the centrosymmetric design of the coupling slots 46 can enhance the directivity and bandwidth ability of the antenna to meet the multi-satellite positioning requirements in complex environments.

[0072] Further, compared with the problem of unstable phase center in the traditional two-point feeding design, the high-precision positioning antenna in this embodiment can simultaneously achieve the circular polarization radiation characteristic. Adopting the 4-point uniform symmetric feeding method with signals having phases of 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270° in sequence can ensure the stability of the phase center and the right-handed circularly polarized wave. Its structural symmetry has higher efficiency, wider lobes, and better bandwidth performance compared with the circular patch, and is also beneficial to improving the axial ratio of the antenna. Correspondingly, the feeding plate 2 can use power division and phase shift to achieve four-feed circular polarization, that is, the signal is divided into four paths through a power divider and fed to different feed points of the antenna respectively, and a phase shifter is used to adjust the phase difference between each path of signals so that the signal phases meet the conditions of circular polarization, thereby generating circularly polarized electromagnetic waves. Compared with the traditional method of using a 3dB coupler to achieve circular polarization, it can reduce the design complexity and material cost.

[0073] In one embodiment, refer to Figure 3As shown, the multi-feed air dielectric loaded antenna 4 further includes a choke structure 44 for suppressing or filtering high-frequency electromagnetic interference and improving the signal transmission efficiency and gain of the antenna. Among them, the choke structure 44 may include a plurality of choke components evenly surrounding the substrate 41 to suppress or filter high-frequency electromagnetic interference in all directions through the choke components and keep the overall electromagnetic field distribution uniform.

[0074] Each choke component may include a horizontal choke plate and a vertical choke post. The horizontal choke plate is in the same plane as the substrate 41 and is used to generate a parallel electromagnetic field distribution to limit the leakage of high-frequency signals and control the electromagnetic field propagation path, thereby ensuring that the antenna signal is concentrated within the specified operating frequency band. The vertical choke post is perpendicular to the plane where the substrate 41 is located, one end is connected to the geometric center of the horizontal choke plate, and the other end is connected to the feed board 2, which is used to suppress high-frequency interference signals from the direction of the substrate 41 and guide the high-frequency interference signals to the ground through the vertical choke post.

[0075] By introducing the choke structure 44, effective suppression of high-frequency interference can be achieved, isolating the signals of the high-precision positioning antenna from those of other antennas, improving the isolation between antennas, and enhancing the stability and anti-interference ability of signal transmission. By combining the horizontal choke plate and the vertical choke post, the choke structure 44 forms an effective blocking antenna outside the antenna operating frequency range, enabling the antenna to have good operating performance within the predetermined frequency range and improving the antenna gain and radiation efficiency by suppressing high-frequency interference. In addition, the plurality of choke components evenly surround the substrate 41, which helps to maintain the overall symmetry of the antenna, further optimizing the electromagnetic performance and being suitable for scenarios requiring high-precision positioning and low-interference communication.

[0076] The multi-feed air dielectric loaded antenna 4 has a simple structure, low cost, light weight, and good mass production performance. Coinciding the phase center and the geometric center can minimize the impact of the antenna on the test error. The antenna unit has a high gain and a wide beamwidth in the radiation pattern, ensuring the reception effect of low-elevation signals. It can still normally search for satellites in some severely blocked occasions. By forming an air dielectric between the choke and the microstrip PCB through the grounding device, the weight of the required dielectric board can be reduced, thereby reducing the weight of the antenna.

[0077] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 4 As shown, the multi-feed air dielectric loaded antenna 4 includes a feed network 45 for a high-precision positioning antenna. The feed network 45 is disposed on the feed board 2 and is used to transmit signals between different feed points. The feed network 45 is electrically connected to the PIN pins through a plurality of feed points. The PIN pins can conduct the signals received outside the antenna to the feed network 45 or transmit the signals generated by the feed network 45 through the antenna.

[0078] The feed network 45 includes at least a plurality of LC networks 451. Each LC network 451 can be a circuit module composed of an inductor and a capacitor, and is used to perform operations such as adjusting the signal phase or signal filtering. Specifically, on the one hand, the feed network 45 can adjust the signal phase received or emitted by each feed point through the LC network 451, thereby controlling the phase difference between multiple feed points, making the signal coverage of the antenna more uniform in different directions, and helping to improve the directivity and gain of the antenna; on the other hand, by selecting appropriate inductor and capacitor values, the LC network 451 can effectively filter out unwanted high-frequency interference signals or noise while retaining the effective signals within the working frequency band.

[0079] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 5 As shown, the WiFi / BT antenna group includes a plurality of monopole antennas 5, which can utilize the reflection of the bottom plate (i.e., the feed plate 2) to improve the radiation intensity of the antenna. Each monopole antenna 5 includes at least one third radiator 51 for receiving and transmitting electromagnetic signals. The third radiator 51 extends from the feed point in a direction away from the feed plate 2. Specifically, the plane where the third radiator 51 is located or the axis of the third radiator 51 can be perpendicular to the plane where the feed plate 2 is located to maximize the use of space and ensure the signal coverage and reception efficiency. The third radiators 51 of the plurality of monopole antennas 5 in the WiFi / BT antenna group are symmetrically arranged with respect to the geometric center of the feed plate 2, which helps to optimize the electromagnetic field distribution of the antenna, makes the radiation of the WiFi / BT antenna group uniform in all directions, reduces signal interference and distortion, and can also improve the omnidirectional coverage performance of the WiFi / BT antenna group, ensuring a wider range of signal reception and transmission in the WiFi and Bluetooth communication environments.

[0080] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 6As shown, the cellular communication antenna group includes a plurality of shorted stub antennas 6. By selecting reasonable positions between the shorts and slots, the performance of different frequency bands is achieved. Each shorted stub antenna 6 includes at least one fourth radiator 61 and a shorted stub structure 62. Among them, the fourth radiator 61 of each shorted stub antenna 6 extends away from the feeding plate 2 from the feeding point, and is used to receive and transmit electromagnetic signals from different directions. Specifically, the plane where the fourth radiator 61 is located or the axis of the fourth radiator 61 can be perpendicular to the plane where the feeding plate 2 is located, so as to maximize the use of space, improve the omnidirectional coverage ability and communication efficiency of the antenna. A groove is formed on the fourth radiator 61 to change the electrical length of the fourth radiator 61, so as to adjust the operating frequency range of the antenna and make it adapt to the communication requirements of multiple different frequency bands, realizing multi-band characteristics. One end of the shorted stub structure 62 is connected to the fourth radiator 61, and the other end is connected to the feeding plate 2. Thus, a signal transmission path for the high-frequency band can be formed by means of short-circuit coupling, reducing the loss of high-frequency signals during transmission and ensuring the efficient transmission of high-frequency band signals. The fourth radiators 61 of the plurality of shorted stub antennas 6 are symmetrically arranged with respect to the geometric center of the feeding plate 2, which can optimize the electromagnetic field distribution of the antenna and make the radiation performance of the antenna more balanced in different directions.

[0081] In one embodiment, referring to Figures 1 - 6 As shown, the feeding plate 2 adopts a circular structure, and each antenna group is symmetrically arranged along the central axis of the circular feeding plate 2. The central axis is perpendicular to the plane where the circular feeding plate 2 is located and passes through the center of the circular feeding plate 2. In this way, the circular feeding plate 2 can provide good structural symmetry, enabling the antenna group to maintain consistent radiation performance in all directions. Each antenna group is symmetrically arranged along the central axis, which can further optimize the stability and balance of signal transmission, effectively avoiding problems such as signal interference or insufficient coverage that may be caused by improper antenna arrangement.

[0082] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of concise description, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, it should be considered as within the scope described in this specification.

[0083] The above-described embodiments only represent several implementation manners of the present application. Their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the patent scope of the present application. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present application, several deformations and improvements can still be made, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A combined antenna, characterized in that, Comprising multiple antenna groups with incompletely identical operating frequency bands; Each antenna in the multiple antenna groups shares a feeding board; Each of the antenna groups is arranged on the feeding board in a manner symmetric about the central axis, and the central axes of the multiple antenna groups coincide; The feeding board is provided with feeding points for each antenna in each antenna group; The radiators of the antennas in the multiple antenna groups are arranged at intervals, and the radiators are electrically connected to the feeding board through the feeding points of the respective antennas.

2. The combined antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that The multiple antenna groups include at least two of a Lora antenna group, a high-precision positioning antenna group, a WiFi / BT antenna group, and a cellular communication antenna group.

3. The combined antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that, The feeding board is at least divided into a central region, an edge region, and a middle ring region. The feeding points corresponding to the Lora antenna group are arranged in the central region, the feeding points corresponding to the high-precision positioning antenna group are arranged in the middle ring region, and the feeding points of the WiFi / BT antenna group and the cellular communication antenna group are arranged in the edge region.

4. The combined antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that, The Lora antenna group includes a single-arm conical spiral antenna, which at least includes a first radiator and a dielectric rod; The first radiator is spirally wound around an axis into a conical shape. One end of the first radiator is the conical apex of the cone, and the other end exists on the bottom surface of the cone. The axis is perpendicular to the plane where the feeding point board is located. The conical apex is close to the feeding board, and the bottom surface of the cone is far from the feeding board; The dielectric rod extends along the axis. One end of the dielectric rod is electrically connected to the feeding board through a feeding point, and the other end of the dielectric rod is connected to the conical apex of the first radiator. The feeding point is located at the geometric center of the feeding board.

5. The combined antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that, The high-precision positioning antenna group includes a multi-feed-point air dielectric loaded antenna, which at least includes a substrate, a second radiator, and a multi-feed-point structure; The substrate is parallel to the feeding board, and the line connecting the geometric centers of the substrate and the feeding board is perpendicular to the plane where the feeding board is located; The second radiator includes a metal material layer attached to the substrate and a coupling slot formed by grooving on the metal material layer. The coupling slot is centrosymmetric; The multi-feed-point structure includes multiple PIN pins perpendicular to the plane where the substrate is located. One end of each PIN pin is connected to the feeding board to form a feeding point, and the other end penetrates the substrate and is connected to the metal material layer. The connection points of the multiple PIN pins and the metal material layer evenly surround the geometric center of the metal material layer.

6. The combined antenna according to claim 5, wherein The multi-feed-point air dielectric loaded antenna further includes a choke structure, and the choke structure includes multiple choke components evenly surrounding the substrate; Each choke component includes a horizontal choke piece and a vertical choke post. The horizontal choke piece is coplanar with the substrate, the vertical choke post is perpendicular to the plane where the substrate is located, and one end of the vertical choke post is connected to the geometric center of the horizontal choke piece, and the other end is connected to the feeding board.

7. The combined antenna according to claim 5, wherein The multi-feed-point air dielectric loaded antenna includes a feeding network for the high-precision positioning antenna. The feeding network is arranged on the feeding board, and the feeding network is electrically connected to the PIN pins through the feeding points; The feeding network includes at least a plurality of LC networks, and the LC networks are used to adjust signal phases or perform signal filtering.

8. The combined antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that, The WiFi / BT antenna group includes a plurality of monopole antennas, and each monopole antenna includes at least one third radiator, and the third radiator extends away from the feeding board from the feeding point. The third radiators of the plurality of monopole antennas are symmetrically arranged with respect to the geometric center of the feeding board.

9. The combined antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that, The cellular communication antenna group includes a plurality of shorted stub antennas, and each shorted stub antenna includes at least a fourth radiator and a shorted stub structure. The fourth radiator extends away from the feeding board from the feeding point, and the fourth radiator is provided with a groove for coupling different frequency band signals to form the ability to transmit and receive multi-band signals. One end of the shorted stub structure is connected to the fourth radiator, and the other end is connected to the feeding board, and is used to form a signal transmission path for high-frequency bands through short-circuit coupling. The fourth radiators of the plurality of shorted stub antennas are symmetrically arranged with respect to the geometric center of the feeding board.

10. The combined antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The feeding board is a circular feeding board, and each antenna group is symmetrically arranged along the central axis of the circular feeding board, wherein the central axis is perpendicular to the plane where the circular feeding board is located and passes through the center of the circular feeding board.

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