Anti-vibration acoustic emission sensor and track state detection device

Abstract

The utility model aims to provide an anti-vibration acoustic emission sensor which is suitable for use scenes with frequent collision and vibration and can still transmit and provide accurate detection information while realizing an effective protection effect on a coupling surface of the sensor. The utility model further discloses a track state detection device comprising the anti-vibration acoustic emission sensor. The anti-vibration acoustic emission sensor comprises a cylindrical sensor shell, a hollow installation cavity with a downward opening is formed in the sensor shell, and a detection probe is installed in the hollow installation cavity. The detection probe is in an inverted state with the detection end facing downwards, a sensor coupling face is further installed at the bottom of the detection probe, an elastic solid coupling sheet layer is arranged below the sensor coupling face in an attached mode, and a signal output terminal is installed on the side face of the sensor shell. A signal wire is connected between the top end of the detection probe and the inner side end of the signal output terminal.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of safety detection device equipment, in particular to an anti-vibration acoustic emission sensor and an orbit state detection device comprising the sensor. Background Technique

[0002] At the current stage, with the rapid development of infrastructure construction, the safety detection of equipment devices in various industries has gradually become an important concern in the development of industry technology. Among various safety detection devices, the acoustic emission sensor is an important detection device with a wide range of application fields. Specifically, an acoustic emission sensor is a device used to detect and measure acoustic emission signals inside materials or structures. Their working principle is based on the piezoelectric effect, that is, when a piezoelectric material is subjected to stress, electric charges will be generated, thereby converting mechanical vibration into an electrical signal. These sensors can capture elastic waves generated due to material deformation or cracks, that is, acoustic emission signals.

[0003] There are various types of acoustic emission sensors, including high-sensitivity acoustic emission sensors, broadband acoustic emission sensors, high-temperature acoustic emission sensors, and differential acoustic emission sensors, etc. Their designs enable the sensors to work under different environments and conditions, such as in high-temperature environments or when broadband response is required. The application fields of acoustic emission sensors are very wide, including but not limited to the monitoring of pressure vessels, storage tanks, heat exchangers, pipelines, reactors, aircraft propulsion systems, and nuclear power plant equipment. In these applications, the acoustic emission sensor, as a bridge between the structure and the acoustic emission instrument, is crucial for ensuring the safety and reliability of the structure.

[0004] At present, there are various types of acoustic emission sensors and related devices on the market. For example, a bogie acoustic emission sensor installation system disclosed in a Chinese invention patent document with the application number CN201711076855.2, which relates to the technical field of non-destructive testing of railway locomotives and vehicles, includes a frame and a lateral moving structure and a vertical arm frame arranged thereon. The vertical arm frame can move horizontally along the guide rail on one side of the frame under the drive of the lateral moving structure. A longitudinal moving structure and a slide table are arranged on the vertical arm frame. The slide table moves longitudinally along the vertical arm frame under the drive of the longitudinal moving structure. A grinding and dust removal manipulator and a sensor picking manipulator can be installed on the slide table. The grinding and dust removal manipulator is used to realize the surface grinding function at any position in the length and height directions of the entire bogie, as well as the collection and purification functions of debris and dust such as rust and paint. The sensor picking manipulator is used to realize the sensor installation function at any position in the length and height directions of the entire bogie, as well as the automatic disassembly and reset functions, so as to meet the automation requirements of the bogie acoustic emission detection equipment and improve the detection efficiency and detection quality. Another example is an acoustic emission sensor disclosed in a Chinese utility model patent document with the application number CN202223386870.6. Aiming at the problem that the existing one is not stable enough when fixed only by the suction cup or magnet at the bottom during use, using strong glue makes subsequent cleaning inconvenient and is likely to damage the joint, and the original magnet and suction cup cannot achieve a stable effect for some non-magnetic and non-smooth surface devices, the following solution is proposed. It includes a frame and a test piece to be detected. The frame is located at the top of the test piece to be detected. A rotating rod passes through the top of the frame in a threaded manner. A knob is fixedly connected to the top of the rotating rod. In this utility model solution, through the setting of the fixing component, it can effectively assist the device to be fixed during use, strengthen the stability and ensure the accuracy of the detection result. And when facing some non-magnetic objects and non-smooth surface devices, the wire ropes on both sides can be used to cooperate with other parts of the fixing component to fix the measuring device.

[0005] However, the applicant has found that during the use of the above-mentioned acoustic emission sensor devices, a fluid or semi-fluid coupling medium is usually applied and filled between the sensor coupling surface and the surface of the component to be measured. Common material types include lubricating oil, glycerin, etc., to reduce the negative impact of air on signal transmission. However, in practical applications, especially in harsh outdoor environments, this type of coupling agent is very easy to lose, be depleted or deteriorate and fail, resulting in a decrease in the acoustic emission signal or the signal cannot be collected, and real-time monitoring cannot be carried out. In addition, when the acoustic emission sensor is installed on the railway track, due to the fact that the rail section of the component to be measured may instantaneously transmit extremely strong vibrations to the sensor coupling surface due to external force collision, the relatively fragile sensor coupling surface may be broken and damaged.

[0006] In view of the above problems, the present utility model provides an anti-vibration acoustic emission sensor applicable to usage scenarios with frequent collision vibrations, which can still transmit and provide relatively accurate detection information while effectively protecting the sensor coupling surface, as well as an orbit state detection device including the anti-vibration acoustic emission sensor. Summary of the Utility Model

[0007] The present utility model provides an anti-vibration acoustic emission sensor applicable to usage scenarios with frequent collision vibrations, which can still transmit and provide relatively accurate detection information while effectively protecting the sensor coupling surface, as well as an orbit state detection device including the anti-vibration acoustic emission sensor.

[0008] The above technical objectives of the present utility model are achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0009] An anti-vibration acoustic emission sensor includes a cylindrical sensor housing. A hollow installation cavity with a downward opening is formed inside the sensor housing. A detection probe is installed in the hollow installation cavity. The detection probe is in an inverted state with the detection end facing downwards, and a sensor coupling surface is further installed at the bottom of the detection probe. An elastic solid coupling sheet layer is attached below the sensor coupling surface. A signal output terminal is installed on the side of the sensor housing. A signal wire is connected between the top end of the detection probe and the inner end of the signal output terminal.

[0010] As a preference for the present utility model, an inwardly protruding annular holding portion is formed inside the sensor housing. The inner wall surface of the annular holding portion abuts against and fits with the outer wall surface of the detection probe to limit and fix the detection probe.

[0011] As a preference for the present utility model, the solid coupling sheet layer is made of a mixture of one or more materials such as natural rubber, butadiene, chloroprene rubber, or fluororubber.

[0012] As a preference for the present utility model, a circular engaging installation groove is provided at the outer peripheral portion of the bottom end of the sensor housing, and a sealing and insulating protective layer is provided in the circular engaging installation groove.

[0013] As a preference for the present utility model, the sensor housing includes a cover plate detachably provided at the top.

[0014] An orbital state detection device includes the aforementioned anti-vibration acoustic emission sensor, and is characterized in that: it further includes a base portion for fixedly installing and connecting with the orbit, the anti-vibration acoustic emission sensor is installed in the base portion, a signal transmission cable is led out and connected outward from the signal output terminal, and a protective joint is sleeved and installed on the outside of the signal transmission cable.

[0015] As an optimization of the present invention, a supporting spring for providing a pressing force to the anti-vibration acoustic emission sensor is provided between the top surface of the inner cavity of the base portion and the top surface of the sensor housing of the anti-vibration acoustic emission sensor.

[0016] As an optimization of the present invention, a rotary adjusting member for adjusting the pressing force of the supporting spring is further provided at the top end of the base portion.

[0017] To sum up, the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:

[0018] In the solution of the present invention, such an anti-vibration acoustic emission sensor and an orbital state detection device including the sensor can be applied to usage scenarios with frequent collision vibrations. While effectively protecting the sensor coupling surface, it can still transmit and provide relatively accurate detection information, playing an important role in protecting property and the safety of personnel's lives. Description of the Drawings

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the anti-vibration acoustic emission sensor;

[0020] Figure 2 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the internal structure layout of the anti-vibration acoustic emission sensor;

[0021] Figure 3 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the internal structure layout of the orbital state detection device.

[0022] In the figure:

[0023] 1 - anti-vibration acoustic emission sensor, 101 - sensor housing, 1011 - annular holding portion, 1012 - clamping installation groove, 1013 - covering plate, 102 - hollow installation cavity, 103 - detection probe, 104 - sensor coupling surface, 105 - solid coupling sheet layer, 106 - signal output terminal, 107 - signal wire, 108 - sealing and protection layer;

[0024] 2 - orbital state detection device, 201 - base portion, 202 - signal transmission cable, 203 - protective joint, 204 - supporting spring, 205 - rotary adjusting member;

[0025] 3 - orbit. Detailed implementation manners

[0026] The following specific embodiments are only explanations of the present utility model, and they do not limit the present utility model. Those skilled in the art can make modifications without creative contributions to these embodiments after reading this specification, but as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present utility model, they are protected by the patent law.

[0027] This solution is achieved by the following technical means:

[0028] Embodiment: In the solution of this embodiment, an anti-vibration acoustic emission sensor 1 is provided, which can still ensure the use stability and detection accuracy functions in a harsh use environment. Specifically, the structure of the sensor can be expanded and described with reference to the structure described in the attached Figure 2 specification.

[0029] The anti-vibration acoustic emission sensor 1 first includes a cylindrical sensor housing 101. A hollow installation cavity 102 with a downward opening is formed inside the sensor housing 101. A detection probe 103 is arranged inside the hollow installation cavity 102. The detection probe 103 is in an inverted state with the detection end downward, and a sensor coupling surface 104 is further installed at the bottom of the detection probe 103. A signal output terminal 106 is installed on the side surface of the sensor housing 101. A signal wire 107 is connected between the top end of the detection probe 103 and the inner end of the signal output terminal 106. At the same time, in order to ensure the lateral stability of the detection probe 103 during operation, an inwardly protruding annular holding portion 1011 is formed inside the sensor housing 101. The inner wall surface of the annular holding portion 1011 abuts against the outer wall surface of the detection probe 103 to realize the limit fixation of the detection probe 103.

[0030] It should be explained in advance here that the coupling surface of the acoustic emission sensor is the part used to closely contact the sensor with the surface of the object to be measured, so as to ensure that sound waves can be effectively transmitted to the sensor. If a conventional sensor is directly attached and installed in an environment with repeated and strong irregular vibration collisions such as a railway track, although a coupling agent material layer in a fluid or semi-fluid state is filled and smeared between the surface of the sensor and the surface of the component to be measured, the coupling surface is still in direct contact with the local surface of the track 3. Therefore, the probability of damaging the coupling surface is extremely high. In addition, in this case, in order to reduce the gap cavity on the contact surface between the two components, it is also necessary to perform higher-precision grinding on the sensor coupling surface 104 and the local part of the track 3 component to be installed.

[0031] To solve the problems caused by the above situation, in the solution of this embodiment, a structure is adopted in which an elastic solid coupling sheet layer 105 is adhesively provided below the sensor coupling surface 104. Specifically, the solid coupling sheet layer 105 can be made of a mixture of one or more materials such as natural rubber, butadiene, neoprene, or fluororubber, so as to maintain the stability of its own shape and material properties while ensuring sufficient acoustic signal conduction ability, thereby avoiding problems such as the loss or deterioration of conventional coupling agent materials, resulting in reduced detection accuracy or even sensor damage and failure.

[0032] As a preferred structure, a circular engaging installation groove 1012 is provided on the outer peripheral portion of the bottom end of the sensor housing 101, and a sealing and protecting layer 108 made of rubber or plastic material for sealing and isolating is provided in the engaging installation groove 1012 to prevent external dust or air from entering the detection surface and affecting the detection data accuracy. Further, the sensor housing 101 can be designed as a structure including a cover plate 1013 detachably provided at the top, so as to facilitate the repair and maintenance when the anti-vibration acoustic emission sensor 1 fails, especially when the internal circuit is damaged, without affecting the fitting state of the main detection structure.

[0033] In the solution of this embodiment, an orbital state detection device 2 is also provided, which includes the aforementioned anti-vibration acoustic emission sensor 1 and a base portion 201 for installing and connecting to the rail 3. The anti-vibration acoustic emission sensor 1 is installed in the base portion 201, and a signal transmission cable 202 is led out and connected outward from the signal output terminal 106, and a protective joint 203 is sleeved and installed outside the signal transmission cable 202.

[0034] A supporting spring 204 for providing a pressing force to the anti-vibration acoustic emission sensor 1 is provided between the top surface of the inner cavity of the base portion 201 and the top surface of the sensor housing 101 of the anti-vibration acoustic emission sensor 1. The specific implementation manner of this structure can be referred to in the attached Figure 2, which is designed to provide a sufficient downward pressing force to the anti-vibration acoustic emission sensor 1, so as to ensure that while the sensor coupling surface 104 remains in contact with the surface of the component of the track 3 to be measured, even when subjected to an impact beyond the absorption capacity of the solid coupling sheet layer 105, the whole sensor can be lifted upward to avoid its damage, and ensure that the signal can be stably transmitted outward for early warning monitoring. At the same time, since the applicant also considered that after the adjusting support spring 204 works for a certain period of time, fatigue deformation and failure may occur, resulting in insufficient acting force. Therefore, a rotary adjusting member 205 for adjusting the pressing force of the adjusting support spring 204 is further provided at the top end of the base portion 201. For example, a threaded hole penetrating up and down can be opened at the upper end of the base portion 201, and the rotary adjusting member 205 can be selected as a stud component screwed into the threaded hole. At this time, the pressing force of the adjusting support spring 204 acting on the sensor can be changed by rotating the stud component serving as the rotary adjusting member 205.

[0035] The above is only the specific implementation manner of the present utility model, but the protection scope of the present utility model is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present utility model can easily think of various equivalent modifications or replacements, and these modifications or replacements should be covered within the protection scope of the present utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of the present utility model shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An anti-vibration acoustic emission sensor, characterized in that: It includes a cylindrical sensor housing (101). A hollow mounting cavity (102) opening downward is formed inside the sensor housing (101). A detection probe (103) is installed in the hollow mounting cavity (102). The detection probe (103) is in an inverted state with the detection end downward, and a sensor coupling surface (104) is further installed at the bottom of the detection probe (103). An elastic solid coupling sheet layer (105) is attached below the sensor coupling surface (104). A signal output terminal (106) is installed on the side of the sensor housing (101). A signal wire (107) is connected between the top end of the detection probe (103) and the inner end of the signal output terminal (106).

2. The anti-vibration acoustic emission sensor according to claim 1, wherein: An inwardly protruding annular retaining portion (1011) is formed on the inner side of the sensor housing (101). The inner wall surface of the annular retaining portion (1011) abuts against the outer wall surface of the detection probe (103) to limit and fix the detection probe (103).

3. The anti-vibration acoustic emission sensor according to claim 2, wherein: A circular engaging mounting groove (1012) is provided on the outer peripheral portion of the bottom end of the sensor housing (101), and a sealing and protective layer (108) for hermetic isolation is provided in the engaging mounting groove (1012).

4. The anti-vibration acoustic emission sensor according to claim 3, wherein: The sensor housing (101) includes a cover plate (1013) detachably provided at the top.

5. An orbital state detection device, comprising the anti-vibration acoustic emission sensor (1) according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: It further includes a base portion (201) for mounting and connecting and fixing with a track (3). The anti-vibration acoustic emission sensor (1) is installed in the base portion (201). The signal output terminal (106) is externally connected and led out with a signal transmission cable (202), and a protective joint (203) is sleeved and installed on the outside of the signal transmission cable (202).

6. The track status detection device according to claim 5, wherein: A support spring (204) for providing a pressing force to the anti-vibration acoustic emission sensor (1) is provided between the top surface of the inner cavity of the base portion (201) and the top surface of the sensor housing (101) of the anti-vibration acoustic emission sensor (1).

7. The track status detection device according to claim 6, characterized in that: A rotary adjusting member (205) for adjusting the pressing force of the support spring (204) is further provided at the top end of the base portion (201).

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