High-power laser arc coaxial composite welding torch with long service life and high reliability
Through the combined cooling system of split hollow electrode and Yuhui isolation ring, the problem of electrode overheating and burning in high-power laser arc coaxial composite welding is solved, and a long-life and high-reliability welding effect is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422302435.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-20
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-22
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-09-20
AI Technical Summary
In high-power laser arc coaxial composite welding, the welding feather ray has a high absorption rate of laser beam energy, resulting in the problems of electrode overheating and burning and poor welding stability, especially in the narrow space of large structural parts, which is difficult to complete welding operations.
The split hollow electrode and the fuchsia isolating the ring structure is adopted, combining the internal and external cooling systems to prevent the welded fuchsia from entering the electrode cavity, and reduce the electrode temperature by protecting the airflow and cooling mechanism to enhance arc stability.
Effectively isolate the welding feathers, prevent electrode overheating and burning, extend electrode life, improve welding stability and flexibility, and reduce usage costs.
Smart Images
Figure CN223129615U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of laser welding, in particular to a high-power laser-arc coaxial composite torch with long service life and high reliability. Background Art
[0002] At present, in laser-arc hybrid welding, the main way of laser-arc hybridization is off-axis hybridization. This hybridization method usually requires a strict positional relationship where the laser is in front and the arc is behind during welding, and the laser has a certain incident angle. This hybridization method has positional interference at the corner positions of large structural parts and may not be able to complete the welding operation. The laser-arc coaxial composite heat source has good symmetry, high flexibility of the torch, and better spatial accessibility. It has broad application prospects in the in-situ welding of large structural parts, especially in narrow spaces, especially for laser hollow electrode TIG arc coaxial composite welding.
[0003] However, in high-power laser hybrid welding, if the laser power is too high, obvious welding plume will be generated, and the plume has an obvious impact on the energy transmission of the laser beam. The higher the laser power, the larger the volume and density of the plume, and the greater the impact on the laser beam energy.
[0004] For example, in off-axis hybrid welding, when the laser power exceeds 4KW, the absorption rate of the plume to the laser energy is as high as 20%. In laser hollow electrode coaxial hybrid welding, when the laser power exceeds 1KW, the absorption of the plume to the laser is as high as 40%. In laser hollow electrode coaxial hybrid welding, the laser beam energy will be transmitted along the axis of the arc, and the welding plume is usually directly above the laser action point. Therefore, the impact of the welding plume on the laser beam energy in coaxial hybrid welding will be greater than that in the off-axis form of laser-arc hybrid welding.
[0005] Research shows that in laser hollow electrode coaxial hybrid welding, when other conditions such as welding current and shielding gas flow remain unchanged, as the laser power increases, the impact of the welding plume on the laser beam energy increases, and the laser power has an upper critical value. Once the laser power exceeds the upper critical value, the laser beam energy is severely blocked by the welding plume, the plume volume expands violently, the temperature of the plume plasma rises sharply, the electrode overheats and burns out, the arc plasma becomes unstable, and the welding stability drops sharply, and the welding process cannot be completed. It can be seen that the existing laser hollow electrode coaxial composite torch cannot complete the welding operation under high-power laser conditions, and the structure of the existing torch must be redesigned. In high-current hollow electrode TIG welding, there are also problems such as easy burnout of the electrode, low service life of the electrode, and poor arc stability. Summary of the Utility Model
[0006] The utility model aims at the above problems and provides a high-power laser-arc coaxial composite torch with long service life and high reliability.
[0007] The technical solution adopted is a high-power laser-arc coaxial composite welding torch with long service life and high reliability, which includes a split-type hollow electrode, a plume isolation ring, and a cooling mechanism;
[0008] The cooling mechanism includes an internal cooling part and an external cooling part. The internal cooling part is used to cool the inside of the split-type hollow electrode, and the external cooling part is used to cool the outside of the split-type hollow electrode;
[0009] The split-type hollow electrode includes an electrode and an electrode tip, and the electrode and the electrode tip are detachably connected. A laser passes through the electrode;
[0010] The plume isolation ring is provided with a perforation, and a high-temperature resistant light-transmitting glass is covered on the perforation. The plume isolation ring is arranged at the connection between the electrode and the electrode tip, and the laser can pass through the plume isolation ring.
[0011] Optionally, the electrode and the electrode tip are detachably connected by means of threads.
[0012] Optionally, a boss is provided at the connection between the electrode and the electrode tip, and the plume isolation ring is placed at the boss.
[0013] Optionally, a gasket and a spacer ring are provided at the boss. The spacer ring is arranged at the bottom of the plume isolation ring, and the gasket is arranged at the side of the plume isolation ring.
[0014] Optionally, the internal cooling part includes a gas guiding structure, and the gas guiding structure can introduce external protective gas into the electrode and cool the inner wall of the electrode;
[0015] The external cooling part is arranged outside the electrode and is located between the electrode and the ceramic tip.
[0016] Optionally, the external cooling part is a water-cooling structure or an oil-cooling structure.
[0017] Optionally, the perforation is circular, and the center of the perforation coincides with the center of the plume isolation ring. The plume isolation ring is also provided with a breathable circular through-hole, and the breathable circular through-hole surrounds the perforation. A breathable dust-proof mechanism is arranged in the breathable circular through-hole. The breathable dust-proof mechanism is a breathable filter screen, and the breathable filter screen is made of carbon fiber textile.
[0018] Optionally, a round platform is provided on the perforation, and along the laser transmission direction, the round platform is located above the perforation, and the high-temperature resistant light-transmitting glass is embedded in the round platform.
[0019] Optionally, the diameter of the plume isolation ring is 22 mm, the diameter of the perforation is 8 mm, the diameter of the round platform is 12.5 mm, the diameter of the high-temperature resistant light-transmitting glass is 12 mm, and the diameter of the breathable circular through-hole is 2 mm.
[0020] The advantages of the present utility model include:
[0021] 1. In the technical solution provided by this application, the welding plume isolation ring in the welding torch can prevent the welding plume from entering the hollow electrode cavity, depositing in the hollow electrode cavity, blocking the energy transmission of the laser beam, and absorbing the energy of the laser beam, resulting in overheating, burnout, and rupture of the electrode due to increased temperature.
[0022] 2. By passing a certain flow rate of protective gas into the hollow electrode cavity in the welding torch through the internal cooling part, the gas temperature in the hollow electrode cavity can be reduced, which can play a good role in cooling the hollow electrode, prolong the electrode life, and enhance the arc stability.
[0023] 3. Moreover, the protective gas in the hollow tungsten electrode cavity in the welding torch flows out through the breathable round through-hole of the plume isolation ring, which can disperse the plume gathered at the tungsten electrode tip.
[0024] 4. An external cooling part composed of water cooling or oil cooling is designed on the outer wall of the hollow electrode in the welding torch, which can play a good role in cooling the hollow electrode and prevent the electrode from overheating and burning out.
[0025] 5. The hollow electrode of the welding torch is set as a split type, that is, the electrode part and the electrode tip part can be disassembled. In this way, only the electrode tip can be replaced after the electrode has been used for a period of time, which greatly reduces the use cost. Description of the Drawings
[0026] Figure 1 is the end view of a high-power laser-arc coaxial composite welding torch;
[0027] Figure 2 is the sectional view of a high-power laser-arc coaxial composite welding torch;
[0028] Figure 3 is the schematic structural diagram of the plume isolation ring;
[0029] Figure 4 is the schematic sectional structural diagram of the plume isolation ring.
[0030] Wherein the reference numerals: 1 is the plume isolation ring, 2 is the high-temperature resistant light-transmitting glass, 3 is the breathable filter screen, 4 is the breathable round through-hole, 5 is the perforation, 10 is the laser beam, 11 is the electrode, 12 is the electrode tip, 13 is the gasket, 14 is the spacer ring, 15 is the arc, 21 is the external cooling part, 22 is the ceramic tip, and 23 is the gap. Detailed Embodiment
[0031] The following describes the implementation modes of the present utility model through specific examples. Those skilled in the art can easily understand the other advantages and effects of the present utility model from the content disclosed in this specification. The present utility model can also be implemented or applied through other different specific implementation modes. Various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present utility model. It should be noted that, without conflict, the following embodiments and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.
[0032] It should be noted that the diagrams provided in the following embodiments only illustrate the basic concept of the present utility model in a schematic manner. Therefore, only the components related to the present utility model are shown in the diagrams, rather than being drawn according to the number, shape, and size of the components during actual implementation. The type, quantity, and ratio of each component during actual implementation can be arbitrarily changed, and the component layout type may also be more complex.
[0033] As Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, a high-power laser-arc coaxial composite welding torch with long service life and high reliability includes a split-type hollow electrode, a plume isolation ring 1, and a cooling mechanism;
[0034] The cooling mechanism includes an internal cooling part and an external cooling part 21. The internal cooling part is used to cool the inside of the split-type hollow electrode, and the external cooling part 21 is used to cool the outside of the split-type hollow electrode;
[0035] The split-type hollow electrode includes an electrode 11 and an electrode tip 12, and the electrode 11 and the electrode tip 12 are detachably connected. A laser beam 10 passes through the electrode 11;
[0036] The plume isolation ring 1 is provided with a perforation 5, and a high-temperature resistant light-transmitting glass 2 is covered on the perforation 5. The plume isolation ring 1 is arranged at the connection between the electrode 11 and the electrode tip 12, and the laser beam 10 can pass through the plume isolation ring 1.
[0037] The purpose of such a design is that the welding plume isolation ring in the welding torch can prevent the welding plume from entering the cavity of the hollow electrode, depositing in the cavity of the hollow electrode, blocking the energy transmission of the laser beam, absorbing the energy of the laser beam, causing the temperature of the electrode to rise, overheat, burn out, and rupture. The hollow electrode of the welding torch is set as a split type, that is, the electrode part and the electrode tip part can be detached. In this way, only the electrode tip can be replaced after the electrode is used for a period of time, which greatly reduces the use cost.
[0038] In this embodiment, a specific connection method between the electrode and the electrode tip is provided, that is, the two are detachably connected by means of threads. At the same time, a boss is provided at the connection of the electrode 11 and the electrode tip 12, and the Yuhui isolation ring 1 is placed at the boss. A gasket 13 and a spacer ring 14 are provided at the boss. The spacer ring 14 is arranged at the bottom of the Yuhui isolation ring 1, and the gasket 13 is arranged on the side of the Yuhui isolation ring 1.
[0039] It should be noted that the gasket and the spacer ring are made of high-temperature resistant carbon fiber, which mainly play the roles of insulation and heat insulation. At the same time, the electrode tip mainly plays the role of arc ignition.
[0040] Furthermore, the internal cooling part includes a gas guiding structure, and the gas guiding structure can introduce external protective gas into the electrode 11 and cool the inner wall of the electrode 11.
[0041] The external cooling part 21 is arranged outside the electrode 11 and is located between the electrode 11 and the ceramic nozzle 22. The external cooling part 21 is a water cooling structure or an oil cooling structure.
[0042] The purpose of such a design is that by introducing a certain flow of protective gas into the hollow electrode cavity in the torch through the internal cooling part, the gas temperature in the hollow electrode cavity can be reduced, which can play a good role in cooling the hollow electrode, prolong the electrode life, and enhance the arc stability. An external cooling part composed of water cooling or oil cooling is designed on the outer wall of the hollow electrode in the torch, which can play a good role in cooling and temperature reduction of the hollow electrode and prevent the electrode from overheating and burning out.
[0043] It should be noted that a gap 23 is usually also provided between the external cooling part and the ceramic nozzle. Cooling water or cooling oil can pass through it, and the protective gas can also pass through the gap for cooling and temperature reduction.
[0044] It should also be noted that the electrode 11 and the electrode tip 12 referred to in this embodiment are usually made of tungsten. In traditional integral hollow electrodes in high-power laser hollow electrode coaxial composite welding, the welding plume is likely to enter the hollow electrode cavity, absorb a large amount of laser beam energy, seriously block the laser beam energy transmission, and cause a large increase in the temperature of the plume plasma, heating the hollow electrode and then causing the electrode to burn out. The Yuhui isolation ring in this embodiment can prevent the welding plume from entering the hollow electrode cavity, thus solving the problem of the influence of the welding plume entering the hollow tungsten electrode cavity on the laser beam energy transmission during high-power laser welding.
[0045] Meanwhile, passing a certain flow rate of protective gas through the hollow tungsten electrode cavity can reduce the gas temperature in the hollow electrode cavity, play a very good role in cooling the hollow electrode, extend the electrode life, and enhance the arc stability. The protective gas in the hollow tungsten electrode cavity flows out through the small holes in the plume isolation ring, which can disperse the plume gathered at the tungsten electrode tip. The cooling mechanism on the outer wall of the electrode can play a very good cooling role in the hollow electrode, preventing the electrode from overheating and burning out. The gas cooling on the inner wall of the electrode plus the water cooling on the outer wall can well solve the problem of overheating of the hollow electrode. The split-type hollow electrode not only facilitates the replacement of the electrode tip but also can reduce the welding cost.
[0046] In actual use, the laser power can be set to any value between 0 - 20000W. High-power lasers have very high penetration ability, so this method can be used for welding operations of thin plates, medium-thick plates, and thick plates. When the laser power exceeds 1000W, the plume isolation ring in the present invention can play a very good role in isolating the plume, ensuring that the welding plume does not enter the hollow electrode cavity. At the same time, the ventilation holes on the plume isolation ring can discharge the protective gas outward, and the protective gas has a strong dispersing effect on the plume at the electrode tip, preventing the plume from gathering at the electrode tip.
[0047] Moreover, the internal and external cooling parts provided in this embodiment, that is, the water-cooling or oil-cooling mechanism on the outer wall of the electrode, plus the cooling by the protective gas inside the electrode, this composite cooling method plays a very good cooling role in the electrode, ensuring that the electrode does not overheat and burn out during the welding process. In the hollow electrode TIG welding, if the laser power is 0, it can be converted into a single-arc welding torch for welding operations.
[0048] In this embodiment, the perforation 5 is circular, and the center of the perforation 5 coincides with the center of the plume isolation ring 1.
[0049] The purpose of such a design is that by setting the center of the perforation to coincide with the center of the plume isolation ring, the overall has good symmetry.
[0050] As Figure 3 and Figure 4 shown, in this embodiment, the plume isolation ring 1 is also provided with ventilation round through-holes 4, and the ventilation round through-holes 4 are arranged around the perforation 5, and the center of the ventilation round through-holes 4 arranged in a surrounding manner coincides with the center of the perforation 5.
[0051] The purpose of such a design is that air-permeable circular through-holes are provided in the Yuhui isolation ring structure, which can pass a certain flow of protective gas into the hollow electrode cavity. The protective gas can flow out through the air-permeable circular through-holes of the Yuhui isolation ring, and can disperse the Yuhui gathered at the tungsten electrode tip. Therefore, the structure provided by this application can not only isolate the welding Yuhui, welding fumes and spatter, but also play a role in ventilating and dispersing the welding Yuhui, greatly improving the welding effect.
[0052] In this embodiment, an air-permeable dust-proof mechanism is provided in the air-permeable circular through-hole 4. The air-permeable dust-proof mechanism is an air-permeable filter screen 3, and the air-permeable filter screen 3 is made of carbon fiber textile.
[0053] The purpose of such a design is that when the welding current exceeds 200A, a large amount of welding fumes will be generated. The isolation ring can prevent dust and spatter from entering the hollow electrode while ensuring that the protective gas can flow out through the air-permeable circular through-holes of the Yuhui isolation ring through the provided air-permeable filter screen.
[0054] It should be noted that the high-power laser referred to in this embodiment usually refers to a laser with a power exceeding 1000W, and the large current refers to a welding current exceeding 200A. The material of the high-temperature light-transmitting glass is a prior art. Those skilled in the art can select appropriate raw materials to prepare it when implementing this solution, and the change of raw materials will not cause a significant change in the technical solution effect provided by this application.
[0055] In this embodiment, a specific setting method of the high-temperature light-transmitting glass and the Yuhui isolation ring is provided. A frustum is provided on the perforation 5, and along the laser transmission direction, the frustum is located above the perforation 5, and the high-temperature light-transmitting glass 2 is embedded in the frustum, as Figure 3 shown. At the same time, the diameter b2 of the Yuhui isolation ring 1 is 22mm, the diameter b1 of the perforation 5 is 8mm, the diameter b4 of the frustum is 12.5mm, the diameter a1 of the high-temperature light-transmitting glass 2 is 12mm, and the diameter b3 of the air-permeable circular through-hole 4 is 2mm.
[0056] Finally, it should be noted that the above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A long-life and highly reliable high-power laser-arc coaxial composite welding torch, characterized in that, It includes a split-type hollow electrode, a plume isolation ring (1) and a cooling mechanism; The cooling mechanism includes an internal cooling part and an external cooling part (21). The internal cooling part is used to cool the inside of the split-type hollow electrode, and the external cooling part (21) is used to cool the outside of the split-type hollow electrode; The split-type hollow electrode includes an electrode (11) and an electrode tip (12), and the electrode (11) and the electrode tip (12) are detachably connected. A laser beam (10) passes through the electrode (11); The plume isolation ring (1) is provided with a perforation (5), and a high-temperature resistant light-transmitting glass (2) covers the perforation (5). The plume isolation ring (1) is arranged at the connection between the electrode (11) and the electrode tip (12), and the laser beam (10) can pass through the plume isolation ring (1).
2. The long-life and highly reliable high-power laser-arc coaxial composite welding torch according to claim 1, wherein The electrode (11) and the electrode tip (12) are detachably connected by means of threads.
3. A long-life, highly reliable, high-power laser-arc coaxial composite welding torch according to claim 1, characterized in that, A boss is provided at the connection between the electrode (11) and the electrode tip (12), and the plume isolation ring (1) is placed at the boss.
4. A long-life, highly reliable, high-power laser-arc coaxial hybrid welding torch according to claim 3, characterized in that, A gasket (13) and a spacer ring (14) are provided at the boss. The spacer ring (14) is arranged at the bottom of the plume isolation ring (1), and the gasket (13) is arranged at the side of the plume isolation ring (1).
5. A long-life, highly reliable, high-power laser-arc coaxial hybrid welding torch according to claim 1, characterized in that, The internal cooling part includes a gas guiding structure, and the gas guiding structure can introduce external protective gas into the electrode (11) and cool the inner wall of the electrode (11); The external cooling part (21) is arranged outside the electrode (11) and is located between the electrode (11) and the ceramic tip (22).
6. A long-life, highly reliable, high-power laser-arc coaxial composite welding torch according to claim 5, characterized in that, The external cooling part (21) is a water-cooled structure or an oil-cooled structure.
7. A long-life, highly reliable, high-power laser-arc coaxial hybrid welding torch according to claim 1, characterized in that, The perforation (5) is circular, and the center of the perforation (5) coincides with the center of the plume isolation ring (1).
8. A long-life, highly reliable, high-power laser-arc coaxial composite welding torch according to claim 7, characterized in that, The plume isolation ring (1) is also provided with a breathable circular through-hole (4), and the breathable circular through-hole (4) is arranged around the perforation (5).
9. A long-life, highly reliable, high-power laser-arc coaxial composite welding torch according to claim 8, characterized in that A breathable dust-proof mechanism is arranged in the breathable circular through-hole (4).
10. A long-life and highly reliable high-power laser-arc coaxial composite welding torch according to claim 9, characterized in that, The breathable dust-proof mechanism is a breathable filter screen (3), and the breathable filter screen (3) is made of carbon fiber textile.