Wind field generation device for simulating tornado and downburst

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of special wind field simulation test devices, and particularly relates to a wind field generation device for simulating tornado and downburst. The bottom air duct is improved to be of the regular hexagon structure, the first draught fans on the side walls of all the faces of the bottom air duct share the same set of air guide adjusting mechanism, and the construction difficulty and the implementation cost of the whole device are greatly reduced. In addition, the bottom air duct is improved to be of a regular hexagon structure and is matched with a modularized splicing type structure, and later reconstruction and expansion can be further facilitated. Besides, a sliding rail and a test working platform capable of reciprocating along the sliding rail are additionally arranged in the bottom air duct, and during implementation, a target building is fixed on the test working platform, so that the condition of a mobile wind field can be simulated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of special wind field simulation test devices, and particularly relates to a wind field generating device for simulating tornadoes and downbursts. Background Technique

[0002] The current mature theory in the field of wind engineering is aimed at the good wind environment. This is because the geometric scale of the good wind is extremely large, usually ranging from several kilometers to dozens of kilometers or even hundreds of kilometers. This makes the wind flow almost linear and laminar in a small local area, with obvious wind field characteristics and relatively stable regularity, so it is convenient for observation and data collection. The corresponding to the good wind are various special winds with special characteristics, such as large-scale typhoons, mesoscale downbursts, and small-scale tornadoes. Among the existing strong wind disasters, the above-mentioned special winds are mainly responsible for large-scale damage. Among them, due to the large geometric scale of typhoons, they show wind field characteristics similar to boundary layer winds in a small area, and the main difference is that the wind speed is greater. Downbursts and tornadoes are high-intensity wind fields caused by small-scale meteorological changes. Downbursts are formed by high-altitude airflows descending and impacting the ground and then spreading horizontally in all directions, while tornadoes are formed by the convergence of near-ground horizontal airflows and then spiraling upward to high altitudes. Both have the characteristics of local high wind speed, random distribution, and difficulty in capturing and detecting, which also makes it extremely difficult to conduct field observations or laboratory simulations and reproductions.

[0003] The Chinese invention patent document with the publication number CN110082058A discloses a multi-fan array wind tunnel for simulating various extreme wind fields, which includes a wind tower, a top single fan located at the center of the top of the wind tower, and a number of bottom single fans located at the bottom of the side wall of the wind tower; an opening for accommodating the top single fan is provided at the top of the wind tower, the top single fan is installed in the opening, and the top single fan blows air or sucks air into the interior of the wind tower; first rotating devices for driving the top single fan to pitch and rotate are provided on both sides of the opening; the number of bottom single fans includes a number of first bottom single fans arranged in a circle along the circumference of the wind tower at the lowermost end and a number of second bottom single fans arranged in multiple rows and columns from bottom to top; the number of second bottom single fans is located on one side of the wind tower, and an exhaust device opposite to the number of second bottom single fans is provided on the other side of the wind tower; second rotating devices corresponding to the first bottom single fans one by one are further provided on the side wall of the wind tower, and the second rotating devices drive the axial direction of the first bottom single fans to swing between the horizontal direction and the vertical direction. The second rotating device includes an arc-shaped movable base and two support arms located inside both ends of the arc-shaped movable base. The support arm includes a second motor, a second coupling, a second worm and gear system, a second connecting piece, and a second bearing seat, and the second connecting piece is connected to the second bottom single fan. The second motor forms a linkage with the second connecting piece through the second worm and gear system. The output shaft of the second motor is coaxially connected to the worm in the second worm and gear system through the second coupling, and the turbine in the second worm and gear system is axially connected to the second connecting piece. The second connecting piece drives the axial direction of the first bottom single fan to swing between the vertical directions through the rotation of the second motor. In this embodiment, the second rotating device further includes a fixed base, and the arc-shaped movable base rotates left and right on the fixed base; a base motor, that is, a third motor, for driving the arc-shaped movable base to rotate left and right is provided inside the fixed base. The wind field simulation method using the above multi-fan array wind tunnel adopts the following technical solutions, including the following simulation modes: sucking air through the top single fan, blowing air through the first bottom single fan, and closing the exhaust device, so that the air flow flows in from the bottom of the wind tower and flows out through the top layer of the wind tower to realize the simulation of the tornado wind field; blowing air through the top single fan, sucking air through the first bottom single fan, and closing the exhaust device, so that the air flow flows in from the top layer of the wind tower and flows out through the bottom of the wind tower to realize the simulation of the downburst wind field; driving the top single fan at the top layer to pitch and rotate through the first rotating device to make the tornado wind column twist and deform to realize the simulation of the natural twisted and deformed tornado wind field; driving the axial direction of the first bottom single fan to swing between the horizontal direction and the vertical direction through the second rotating device to adjust the incident angle of the air flow in the inflow area of the first bottom single fan, thereby adjusting the vortex ratio of the tornado and downburst wind fields.

[0004] Although the above solutions can simultaneously simulate the tornado and downburst wind fields, there are still the following disadvantages:

[0005] 1. When adjusting the incident angle of the airflow in the inflow area of the first bottom single fan, each first bottom single fan corresponds to a set of second rotating devices, and each set of second rotating devices includes at least one second motor, resulting in a complex drive mechanism and relatively high implementation costs.

[0006] 2. Each component is a special component, and it is very difficult to modify and expand once the construction is completed.

[0007] 3. The situation of wind field movement is not considered. Content of the Utility Model

[0008] The technical problem to be solved by the present utility model is to provide a wind field generation device for simulating tornadoes and downbursts, which can make the air flow regulating mechanism in the bottom inflow area simpler, more reliable and easier to implement.

[0009] The technical solution adopted by the present utility model to solve its technical problems is: a wind field generation device for simulating tornadoes and downbursts, including a wind tower composed of a coaxial bottom air duct and a top contraction cylinder. The top contraction cylinder is a cylindrical hollow structure, and the bottom air duct is a columnar structure. The bottom air duct has a top plate and a bottom plate that are hermetically connected to both ends of its axis. The top plate of the bottom air duct has a docking air inlet that matches the lower end opening of the top contraction cylinder. A number of first fans are installed on the side wall of the bottom air duct, and a second fan is installed inside the top contraction cylinder; the side wall of the bottom air duct has installation openings corresponding to the first fans one by one; both the first fan and the second fan can independently suck air into the wind tower; the transverse section of the bottom air duct is a regular hexagon structure, and each side wall of the bottom air duct is correspondingly provided with a first fan. The axis of the first fan is arranged horizontally and is perpendicular to the side wall of the bottom air duct where it is located; a rectangular guide wind frame is correspondingly attached to the inner surface of each side wall of the bottom air duct. Multiple vertical guide vanes arranged at intervals horizontally are installed in the guide wind frame. The vertical guide vanes are all rotationally connected to the guide wind frame through a first vertical rotating shaft and rotationally connected to a connecting rod through a second vertical rotating shaft. The connecting rod is provided with a drive mechanism for driving its reciprocating swing. When the connecting rod reciprocates, it can drive the vertical guide vanes to rotate synchronously around the corresponding first vertical rotating shaft.

[0010] A further preferred solution is that the first fans on each side wall of the bottom air duct are arranged in a rectangular array; each side wall of the bottom air duct is composed of multiple unit plates arranged at intervals horizontally; each side wall of the bottom air duct is arranged in a detachable connection manner.

[0011] A further preferred solution is that the bottom plate of the bottom air duct includes a bottom center regular hexagon plate and at least one circle of bottom splicing plates arranged around the bottom center regular hexagon plate. Each circle of bottom splicing plates is composed of the same six trapezoidal plates.

[0012] A further preferred solution is that the top plate of the bottom air duct includes a top central regular hexagon plate and at least one circle of top splicing plates arranged around the top central regular hexagon plate, and each circle of top splicing plates is composed of the same six trapezoidal plates.

[0013] A further preferred solution is that the top plate of the bottom air duct is composed of at least one circle of top splicing plates arranged around the lower end opening of the top contraction cylinder, and each circle of top splicing plates is composed of the same six splicing plates.

[0014] A further preferred solution is that a slide rail arranged horizontally is provided at the middle position of the upper surface of the bottom plate of the bottom air duct, a test working platform capable of reciprocatingly moving along the slide rail is installed on the slide rail, and the test working platform is equipped with moving wheels matching the slide rail and an electric driving mechanism for driving the moving wheels to reciprocate.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present utility model are as follows: The bottom air duct is improved to a regular hexagon structure, and the first air blower on each side wall of the bottom air duct can share the same set of air guiding and adjusting mechanisms, greatly simplifying the construction difficulty and implementation cost of the overall device. In addition, the bottom air duct is improved to a regular hexagon structure and is combined with a modular splicing structure, which can also facilitate later reconstruction and expansion. Moreover, the present utility model is provided with a slide rail and a test working platform capable of reciprocatingly moving along the slide rail in the bottom air duct. During implementation, when the target building is fixed on the test working platform, the simulation of the moving wind field situation can be realized (the movement is in contrast to each other, the wind field remains stationary, the target building moves, or the wind field moves and the target building remains stationary, both can realize the simulation of the moving wind field situation. The present utility model adopts the method of keeping the wind field stationary and the target building moving, which can make the overall structure of the device simpler). Description of the Drawings

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the air duct of the present utility model.

[0017] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the plane layout structure corresponding to the bottom of the bottom air duct of the present utility model.

[0018] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the driving principle of the vertical flow guiding grille blades on a single side wall of the bottom air duct of the present utility model.

[0019] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the air guiding frame and the vertical flow guiding grille on a single side wall of the bottom air duct of the present utility model.

[0020] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the layout of the first air blower on a single side wall of the bottom air duct of the present utility model.

[0021] Figure 6It is a schematic diagram of the planar layout corresponding to the top of the bottom air duct in the present utility model.

[0022] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the present utility model after expanding the bottom plate of the bottom air duct.

[0023] In the figure, the markings are: bottom air duct 10, first fan 11, bottom central regular hexagon plate 12, bottom splicing plate 13, top splicing plate 14, slide rail 15, top contraction cylinder 20, second fan 21, air guiding frame 30, vertical air guiding grille blades 31, connecting rod 32. Specific embodiments

[0024] The present utility model will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0025] As Figures 1 to 6 shown, the present utility model includes a wind tower composed of a coaxially arranged bottom air duct 10 and a top contraction cylinder 20. The top contraction cylinder 20 is a cylindrical hollow structure, and the bottom air duct 10 is a columnar structure. The bottom air duct 10 has a top plate and a bottom plate that are hermetically connected to its two axial ends. The top plate of the bottom air duct 10 has a docking air inlet that matches the lower end opening of the top contraction cylinder 20. A plurality of first fans 11 are installed on the side wall of the bottom air duct 10, and a second fan 21 is installed inside the top contraction cylinder 20; the side wall of the bottom air duct 10 has installation openings corresponding one by one to the first fans 11; both the first fan 11 and the second fan 21 can independently suck air into the wind tower; the transverse section of the bottom air duct 10 is a regular hexagon structure, and each side wall of the bottom air duct 10 is correspondingly provided with a first fan 11. The axes of the first fans 11 are all arranged horizontally and are perpendicular to the side wall of the bottom air duct 10 where they are located; a rectangular air guiding frame 30 is correspondingly attached to the inner surface of each side wall of the bottom air duct 10. A plurality of vertical air guiding grille blades 31 arranged at intervals horizontally are installed inside the air guiding frame 30. The vertical air guiding grille blades 31 are all rotationally connected to the air guiding frame 30 through a first vertical rotating shaft and rotationally connected to the connecting rod 32 through a second vertical rotating shaft. The connecting rod 32 is provided with a driving mechanism for driving its reciprocating swing. When the connecting rod 32 reciprocates, it can drive the vertical air guiding grille blades 31 to synchronously rotate around the corresponding first vertical rotating shaft. It can be understood that the vertical air guiding grille blades 31 are usually flat plate structures, and the rotation of the vertical air guiding grille blades 31 realizes the change of the air guiding angle. The change range of the air guiding angle can be reasonably designed according to the actual situation. When the vertical air guiding grille blades 31 are parallel to the axis of the first fan 11, the corresponding air guiding angle is 0°. The present utility model can usually be designed so that the air guiding angle is arbitrarily adjustable between -60° and +60°.

[0026] The process principle of the present utility model is similar to the prior art. By controlling the working modes of the first fan 11 and the second fan 21, two special wind fields of tornado and downburst can be generated. Specifically, when the first fan 11 at the lower part is turned on and the second fan 21 at the top is turned off, and the angle of the guide vane 31 is adjusted, the air flow moves from the outer periphery of the wind tower towards the center of the device. Since the wind direction is not directly towards the center point but has a certain deflection angle, under the mutual extrusion of the air flows, the deflection angle of the air flow gradually increases and spirals around the center. At this time, the air flow in the convection diffusion area where the bottom air cylinder 10 is located is concentrated, making the air pressure extremely high and forming a high-pressure area, while the area where the top contraction cylinder 20 is located is connected to the outside normal air pressure and is a low-pressure area. The pressure difference between the upper and lower parts drives the rotating air flow to move upward, thereby forming a tornado wind field. Another working mode is to turn on the second fan 21 at the top and turn off the first fan 11 at the lower part. The air flow enters the area where the top contraction cylinder 20 is located downward. Constrained and guided by the wall surface of the top contraction cylinder 20, the air flow is squeezed to increase the air pressure and form a high-pressure area, which vertically impacts the ground. Then, since the first fan 11 at the lower part is turned off, the lower inlet and outlet are in a low-pressure area. The center of the convection diffusion area where the bottom air cylinder 10 is located is high-pressure and the periphery is low-pressure, so that the air flow diffuses around after impacting the ground, thereby forming a downburst wind field.

[0027] The first key technical point of the present utility model is that the bottom air cylinder 10 is designed as a regular hexagon structure. The first fans 11 on each side wall of the bottom air cylinder 10 can share the same set of air guide adjustment mechanisms, greatly simplifying the construction difficulty and implementation cost of the overall device. More specifically, there are various implementation methods for the driving mechanism used to drive the connecting rod 32 to swing reciprocally. For example, a telescopic air cylinder (one end of which is hinged to the end of the connecting rod 32 and the other end is hinged to a base fixedly arranged relative to the air guide frame 30), a telescopic hydraulic cylinder (one end of which is hinged to the end of the connecting rod 32 and the other end is hinged to a base fixedly arranged relative to the air guide frame 30), a crank connecting rod mechanism cooperating with a motor (the end of the transmission connecting rod in the crank connecting rod mechanism is hinged to the end of the connecting rod 32 in the present utility model), and so on. The guide vane 31 is generally rotatably connected to the air guide frame 30 at the upper and lower ends respectively. To increase the support strength of the guide vane 31, one or more transverse support ribs can be fixedly added inside the air guide frame 30, and a rotational fit can be formed at the intersection of the guide vane 31 and the transverse support ribs.

[0028] To make the air outlet effect uniform and facilitate later reconstruction and expansion, the first fans 11 on each side wall of the bottom air cylinder 10 are arranged in a rectangular array. Each side wall of the bottom air cylinder 10 is composed of a plurality of unit plates arranged at intervals in the horizontal direction. Each side wall of the bottom air cylinder 10 is arranged in a detachable connection manner. Here, the detachable connection should be understood in a broad sense, which can be a conventional way such as bolts cooperating with connecting plates, or can be a way such as bonding or welding, and then the connection mating surface is separated later.

[0029] For the specific expansion method of the present utility model, the following scheme can be referred to. In Figure 2 the illustrated embodiment, each side wall of the bottom air duct 10 can be provided with the first fans 11 in a structure of two rows and three columns, with a total of six first fans 11. After expanding the bottom plate of the bottom air duct 10 in the manner as shown in Figure 7 , each side wall of the bottom air duct 10 can be provided with the first fans 11 in a structure of two rows and four columns, with a total of eight first fans 11, which is equivalent to adding a unit plate with two first fans 11 on each side wall. The unit plates can be fixed by welding. For the convenience of reuse, the unit plates can also be fixedly connected by using bolts in cooperation with connecting lugs. Correspondingly, the air guiding frame 30 and the air guiding grille blades 31 can be expanded accordingly. For the air guiding adjustment driving mechanism corresponding to the air guiding frame 30, two expansion schemes can be adopted. One is to directly lengthen the connecting rod 32 through the unit connecting rod in combination with the coupling, and the other is to add an independently arranged connecting rod mechanism. Since the driving mechanism of the connecting rod 32 is usually located at one end thereof, a set of driving mechanisms can be additionally arranged at the relatively arranged far end correspondingly.

[0030] For the convenience of later reconstruction and expansion, preferably, the bottom plate of the bottom air duct 10 includes a bottom central regular hexagon plate 12 and at least one circle of bottom splicing plates 13 arranged around the bottom central regular hexagon plate 12. Each circle of bottom splicing plates 13 is composed of six identical trapezoidal plates. Similar to the splicing method of the side wall unit plates, the splicing plates of the bottom plate can be fixed by welding, or the detachable fixed connection can be realized by using bolts in cooperation with connecting lugs.

[0031] For the convenience of later reconstruction and expansion, preferably, the top plate of the bottom air duct 10 includes a top central regular hexagon plate and at least one circle of top splicing plates 14 arranged around the top central regular hexagon plate. Each circle of top splicing plates 14 is composed of six identical trapezoidal plates. The splicing method corresponding to the top plate of the bottom air duct 10 is the same as that of the bottom plate, and reference can be made to Figure 2 , and the difference is only that the top central regular hexagon plate has a central circular hole to dock with the top contraction cylinder 20.

[0032] For the preferred embodiments of the top plates of some bottom air ducts 10, reference can also be made to Figure 6 , and the top plate of the bottom air duct 10 is composed of at least one circle of top splicing plates 14 arranged around the lower barrel opening of the top contraction cylinder 20. Each circle of top splicing plates 14 is composed of six identical splicing plates. This splicing method is equivalent to canceling the top central regular hexagon plate, and the central circular hole for docking with the top contraction cylinder 20 can be directly formed by the inner edges of the six splicing plates.

[0033] Preferably, a slide rail 15 arranged horizontally is provided at the middle position of the upper surface of the bottom plate of the bottom air duct 10. A test work platform that can reciprocate along the slide rail 15 is installed on the slide rail 15. The test work platform is equipped with moving wheels that match the slide rail 15 and an electric drive mechanism for driving the moving wheels to reciprocate. During implementation, when the target building is fixed on the test work platform, the simulation of the moving wind field situation can be achieved. It can be understood that when the bottom plate of the bottom air duct 10 adopts a spliced structure, the slide rail 15 can be correspondingly decomposed into multiple unit segments. In Figure 2 the illustrated embodiment, the slide rail 15 is composed of three unit segments.

Claims

1. A wind field generating device for simulating tornadoes and downbursts, comprising a wind tower composed of a coaxial bottom wind cylinder (10) and a top contraction cylinder (20). The top contraction cylinder (20) is a cylindrical hollow structure, and the bottom wind cylinder (10) is a columnar structure. The bottom wind cylinder (10) has a top plate and a bottom plate that are hermetically connected to its axial two ends. The top plate of the bottom wind cylinder (10) has a docking air outlet that matches the lower barrel opening of the top contraction cylinder (20). A number of first fans (11) are installed on the side wall of the bottom wind cylinder (10), and a second fan (21) is installed inside the top contraction cylinder (20). The side wall of the bottom wind cylinder (10) has installation openings corresponding to the first fans (11) one by one. Both the first fans (11) and the second fans (21) can individually suck air into the wind tower. It is characterized in that: The lateral cross-section of the bottom air duct (10) is a regular hexagon structure. A first blower (11) is correspondingly arranged on each side wall of the bottom air duct (10). The axes of the first blowers (11) are all arranged horizontally and are perpendicular to the side wall of the bottom air duct (10) where they are located. A rectangular air guiding frame (30) is correspondingly attached to the inner surface of each side wall of the bottom air duct (10). Multiple vertical flow guiding vanes (31) arranged at intervals horizontally are installed in the air guiding frame (30). The vertical flow guiding vanes (31) are all rotatably connected to the air guiding frame (30) through a first vertical rotating shaft and are rotatably connected to a connecting rod (32) through a second vertical rotating shaft. The connecting rod (32) is provided with a driving mechanism for driving its reciprocating swing. When the connecting rod (32) reciprocates, it can drive the vertical flow guiding vanes (31) to rotate synchronously around the corresponding first vertical rotating shaft.

2. The wind field generation device for simulating tornadoes and downbursts according to claim 1, wherein: The first blowers (11) on each side wall of the bottom air duct (10) are distributed in a rectangular array; each side wall of the bottom air duct (10) is composed of multiple unit plates arranged at intervals horizontally; each side wall of the bottom air duct (10) is arranged in a detachable connection manner.

3. The wind field generating device for simulating tornadoes and downbursts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom plate of the bottom air duct (10) includes a bottom central regular hexagon plate (12) and at least one circle of bottom splicing plates (13) arranged around the bottom central regular hexagon plate (12). Each circle of bottom splicing plates (13) is composed of the same six trapezoidal plates.

4. The wind field generating device for simulating tornadoes and downbursts according to claim 1, wherein: The top plate of the bottom air duct (10) includes a top central regular hexagon plate and at least one circle of top splicing plates (14) arranged around the top central regular hexagon plate. Each circle of top splicing plates (14) is composed of the same six trapezoidal plates.

5. The wind field generating device for simulating tornadoes and downbursts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top plate of the bottom air duct (10) is composed of at least one circle of top splicing plates (14) arranged around the lower end opening of the top contraction cylinder (20). Each circle of top splicing plates (14) is composed of the same six splicing plates.

6. The wind field generating device for simulating tornadoes and downbursts according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: A horizontally arranged slide rail (15) is provided at the middle position of the upper surface of the bottom plate of the bottom air duct (10). A test working platform that can reciprocate along the slide rail (15) is installed on the slide rail (15). The test working platform is equipped with moving wheels matching the slide rail (15) and an electric driving mechanism for driving the moving wheels to reciprocate.

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