Combined antenna applied to satellite navigation frequency band

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a combined antenna applied to a satellite navigation frequency band, which comprises a dielectric bottom plate, a first metal bottom surface arranged at the bottom of the dielectric bottom plate, a second metal ground arranged in the center of the top of the dielectric bottom plate, a four-arm helical antenna structure and a slot antenna structure, the four-arm helical antenna structure is arranged in the center of the top of the second metal ground; the slot antenna structures are symmetrically arranged on the periphery of the top of the dielectric bottom plate; the four-arm spiral antenna structure comprises a dielectric hollow column, a metal spiral arm, a metal arm short-circuit branch knot, a first feeding point and the like. The antenna adopts a combined antenna structure, is simple in structure, comprises a four-arm helical antenna and four slot antennas, realizes miniaturization and integration of a terminal device antenna, can cover Beidou B3 and B1 frequency bands, and can be applied to a satellite navigation system terminal device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of antennas, and more particularly to a combined antenna applied to satellite navigation frequency bands. Background Art

[0002] Global satellite navigation systems, including GPS, GLONASS, GALILEO and China's BeiDou satellite system, provide global users with all-weather, high-precision three-dimensional coordinate, speed and time information. This technology plays a vital role in many fields, including industrial applications, military strategy, and economic development.

[0003] Recently, the last two satellites of the BeiDou-3 global satellite navigation system have successfully entered the planned orbit, marking that the BeiDou system has been fully built and has global service capabilities. In order to better adapt to market demand and promote the vigorous development of the BeiDou industry, a current urgent task is to achieve the miniaturization and integration of terminal equipment antennas. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above technical problems and provide a miniaturized and integrated combined antenna for use in satellite navigation frequency bands.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention specifically adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] The utility model proposes a combined antenna for use in satellite navigation frequency bands, comprising a dielectric base, a first metal bottom surface arranged at the bottom of the dielectric base, and a second metal ground surface arranged at the center of the top of the dielectric base, wherein the combined antenna also comprises a four-arm helical antenna structure and a slot antenna structure;

[0007] A four-arm helical antenna structure is located at the center of the top of the second metal ground;

[0008] The slot antenna structure is arranged symmetrically around the top of the dielectric base plate;

[0009] The four-arm helical antenna structure includes a dielectric hollow column, a metal spiral arm, a metal arm short-circuit branch and a first feeding point;

[0010] The dielectric hollow column is arranged on the top of the second metal floor, and the center of the dielectric hollow column is coaxially arranged with the center of the second metal floor;

[0011] The outer surface of the dielectric hollow column is printed with multiple metal spiral arms that serve as antenna radiation arms;

[0012] The bottom of the metal spiral arm is provided with two metal arm short-circuit branches, one of which is connected to the second metal ground, and the other metal arm short-circuit branch is fed through the first feeding point and the dielectric bottom plate, forming a feeding network with phase shift power splitting function;

[0013] Multiple metal spiral arms are arranged upward along the outer wall of the medium hollow column and are arranged in the same direction;

[0014] The slot antenna structure includes a dielectric side plate, a microstrip line, a metal layer, a slotted slot and a second feeding point;

[0015] The medium side plate is arranged on the top of the medium bottom plate;

[0016] A side surface of the dielectric side plate away from the four-arm helical antenna structure is a metal layer, and a side surface of the dielectric side plate close to the four-arm helical antenna structure is printed with a microstrip line;

[0017] The microstrip line is fed through the second feeding point and the dielectric base plate to form a feeding network with a phase shift power splitting function;

[0018] The metal layer is etched with slotted gaps that serve as radiators;

[0019] One end of the slot is opened toward the outer edge of the metal layer, and the other end is closed downward.

[0020] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the dielectric hollow column is integrally formed of an FPC flexible board.

[0021] As an optimal technical solution of the present invention, the metal spiral arm is arranged clockwise or counterclockwise in the circumferential direction of the dielectric hollow column; if it is arranged clockwise, the antenna radiates left-handed polarized waves, and if it is arranged counterclockwise, the antenna radiates right-handed polarized waves.

[0022] As an optimal technical solution of the present invention, the slotted gap is arranged clockwise or counterclockwise in the circumferential direction of the dielectric hollow column; if it is arranged clockwise, the antenna radiates left-handed polarized waves, and if it is arranged counterclockwise, the antenna radiates right-handed polarized waves.

[0023] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the metal spiral arm is tilted upward, and the tilt angle of the metal spiral arm is set at 0-90°.

[0024] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the opening of the slotted gap is tilted upward, with an inclination angle of 0-90° between the horizontal direction of the first metal bottom surface and the tilt direction of the opening.

[0025] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the metal spiral arms and slot antenna structures are both provided with 2N numbers, where N is 2, 3, or 4.

[0026] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the width of one end of the slot is gradually narrowed toward the opening direction.

[0027] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the dielectric bottom plate and the dielectric side plates are both FR4 boards.

[0028] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the feeding network with phase-shift power division function is realized by a power divider composed of microstrip lines or an integrated 3dB bridge.

[0029] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The present invention adopts a combined antenna structure with a simple structure, comprising a four-arm spiral antenna and four slot antennas, which realizes the miniaturization and integration of the terminal device antenna, and can also cover the Beidou B3 and B1 frequency bands, and can be used in satellite navigation system terminal equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the utility model;

[0031] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a partial three-dimensional structure;

[0032] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the top view structure;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the reflection coefficient simulation results of the slot antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0034] Figure 5 This is a diagram showing the axial ratio simulation results of the slot antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0035] Figure 6 This is the right-handed directional pattern of the slot antenna structure of an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0036] Figure 7 This is a diagram showing the reflection coefficient simulation results of the four-arm helical antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0037] Figure 8 This is a diagram showing the axial ratio simulation results of the quadrifilar helical antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 9 This is the right-handed radiation pattern of the four-arm helical antenna structure of an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0039] Figure numerals: 1-dielectric bottom plate, 2-first metal ground, 3-second metal ground, 4-four-arm helical antenna structure, 41-dielectric hollow column, 42-metal spiral arm, 43-metal arm short-circuit branch, 44-first feeding point, 5-slot antenna structure, 51-dielectric side plate, 52-metal layer, 53-slotted gap, 54-microstrip line, 55-second feeding point. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] Reference Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, the utility model proposes a combined antenna for use in satellite navigation frequency bands, comprising a dielectric base, a first metal bottom surface provided at the bottom of the dielectric base, and a second metal ground surface provided at the center of the top of the dielectric base, wherein the antenna also includes a four-arm helical antenna structure and a slot antenna structure;

[0041] A four-arm helical antenna structure is located at the center of the top of the second metal ground;

[0042] The slot antenna structure is arranged symmetrically around the top of the dielectric base plate;

[0043] The four-arm helical antenna structure includes a dielectric hollow column, a metal spiral arm, a metal arm short-circuit branch and a first feeding point;

[0044] The dielectric hollow column is arranged on the top of the second metal floor, and the center of the dielectric hollow column is coaxially arranged with the center of the second metal floor;

[0045] The outer surface of the dielectric hollow column is printed with multiple metal spiral arms that serve as antenna radiation arms;

[0046] The bottom of the metal spiral arm is provided with two metal arm short-circuit branches, one of which is connected to the second metal ground, and the other metal arm short-circuit branch is fed through the first feeding point and the dielectric bottom plate, forming a feeding network with phase shift power splitting function;

[0047] Multiple metal spiral arms are arranged upward along the outer wall of the medium hollow column and are arranged in the same direction;

[0048] The slot antenna structure includes a dielectric side plate, a microstrip line, a metal layer, a slotted slot and a second feeding point;

[0049] The medium side plate is arranged on the top of the medium bottom plate;

[0050] A side surface of the dielectric side plate away from the four-arm helical antenna structure is a metal layer, and a side surface of the dielectric side plate close to the four-arm helical antenna structure is printed with a microstrip line;

[0051] The microstrip line is fed through the second feeding point and the dielectric base plate to form a feeding network with a phase shift power splitting function;

[0052] The metal layer is etched with slotted gaps that serve as radiators;

[0053] One end of the slot is opened toward the outer edge of the metal layer, and the other end is closed downward.

[0054] Wherein, the dielectric hollow column is integrally formed of an FPC flexible board.

[0055] The metal spiral arm is arranged clockwise or counterclockwise in the circumferential direction of the dielectric hollow column; if it is arranged clockwise, the antenna radiates left-handed polarized waves, and if it is arranged counterclockwise, the antenna radiates right-handed polarized waves.

[0056] The slots are arranged clockwise or counterclockwise in the circumferential direction of the dielectric hollow column; if arranged clockwise, the antenna radiates left-handed polarized waves, and if arranged counterclockwise, the antenna radiates right-handed polarized waves.

[0057] The metal spiral arm is tilted upward, and the tilt angle of the metal spiral arm is set at 0-90°.

[0058] The opening of the slot is tilted upward, with an inclination angle of 0-90° between the horizontal direction of the first metal bottom surface and the tilt direction of the opening.

[0059] There are 2N metal spiral arms and slot antenna structures, and N is 2, 3, or 4.

[0060] Wherein, the width of one end of the slot is gradually narrowed toward the opening direction.

[0061] Wherein, the dielectric bottom plate and dielectric side plates are both FR4 plates.

[0062] The feeding network with phase-shift power division function is realized by a power divider composed of microstrip lines or an integrated 3dB bridge.

[0063] The utility model adopts a combined antenna structure with a simple structure. It includes a four-arm spiral antenna and four slot antennas, which realizes the miniaturization and integration of the terminal equipment antenna, and can also cover the Beidou B3 and B1 frequency bands, and can be used in satellite navigation system terminal equipment. Example

[0064] Figure 4 This is a graph showing the simulation results of the reflection coefficient of the slot antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; the horizontal axis represents the frequency, and the vertical axis represents the antenna port reflection coefficient. Generally, the frequency band where the antenna port reflection coefficient is less than -10dB is considered to be its operating frequency band;

[0065] Figure 5 This is a diagram of the axial ratio simulation results of the slot antenna structure of an embodiment of the present utility model, where the horizontal axis is the pitch angle and the vertical axis is the axial ratio of the antenna. Generally, when the axial ratio of the antenna is less than 3dB, the electromagnetic wave radiated by it is considered to be a circularly polarized wave;

[0066] Figure 6 This is the right-handed radiation pattern of the slot antenna structure of an embodiment of the present invention, where the radial coordinate is the gain, the angular coordinate is the elevation angle, and the elevation angle of 0° is directly above the antenna.

[0067] Figure 7 This is a diagram showing the reflection coefficient simulation results of the quadrifilar helical antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the horizontal axis represents the frequency and the vertical axis represents the antenna port reflection coefficient. Generally, the frequency band where the antenna port reflection coefficient is less than -10dB is considered to be its operating frequency band.

[0068] Figure 8 This is a diagram showing the axial ratio simulation results of the quadrifilar helical antenna structure of an embodiment of the present invention, where the horizontal axis represents the elevation angle and the vertical axis represents the axial ratio of the antenna. Generally, when the axial ratio of the antenna is less than 3dB, the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna is considered to be a circularly polarized wave.

[0069] Figure 9 This is the right-handed radiation pattern of the four-arm helical antenna structure of an embodiment of the present invention, where the radial coordinate is the gain, the angular coordinate is the elevation angle, and the elevation angle of 0° is the direction directly above the antenna.

[0070] The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, from all perspectives, the embodiments should be regarded as illustrative and non-restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description, and it is intended that all changes that fall within the meaning and range of equivalents of the claims be included in the present invention. Any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the claim to which they relate.

[0071] In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of implementation methods, not every implementation method contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative method of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other implementation methods that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A combined antenna for use in satellite navigation frequency bands, comprising a dielectric base, a first metal bottom surface disposed at the bottom of the dielectric base, and a second metal ground surface disposed at the center of the top of the dielectric base, characterized in that: It also includes a four-arm spiral antenna structure and a slot antenna structure; A four-arm helical antenna structure is located at the center of the top of the second metal ground; The slot antenna structure is arranged symmetrically around the top of the dielectric base plate; The four-arm helical antenna structure includes a dielectric hollow column, a metal spiral arm, a metal arm short-circuit branch and a first feeding point; The dielectric hollow column is arranged on the top of the second metal floor, and the center of the dielectric hollow column is coaxially arranged with the center of the second metal floor; The outer surface of the dielectric hollow column is printed with multiple metal spiral arms serving as antenna radiation arms; The bottom of the metal spiral arm is provided with two metal arm short-circuit branches, one of which is connected to the second metal ground, and the other metal arm short-circuit branch is fed through the first feeding point and the dielectric bottom plate, forming a feeding network with phase shift power division function; Multiple metal spiral arms are arranged upward along the outer wall of the medium hollow column and are arranged in the same direction; The slot antenna structure includes a dielectric side plate, a microstrip line, a metal layer, a slotted slot and a second feeding point; The medium side plate is arranged on the top of the medium bottom plate; A side surface of the dielectric side plate away from the four-arm helical antenna structure is a metal layer, and a side surface of the dielectric side plate close to the four-arm helical antenna structure is printed with a microstrip line; The microstrip line is fed through the second feeding point and the dielectric bottom plate to form a feeding network with a phase shift power splitting function; The metal layer is etched with slotted gaps that serve as radiators; One end of the slot is opened toward the outer edge of the metal layer, and the other end is closed downward.

2. The combined antenna for use in a satellite navigation frequency band according to claim 1, wherein: The dielectric hollow column is integrally formed of an FPC flexible board.

3. The combined antenna for use in a satellite navigation frequency band according to claim 1, wherein: The metal spiral arm is arranged clockwise or counterclockwise in the circumferential direction of the medium hollow column; If it is set clockwise, the antenna radiates left-hand polarized waves, and if it is set counterclockwise, the antenna radiates right-hand polarized waves.

4. The combined antenna for use in a satellite navigation frequency band according to claim 1, wherein: The slots are arranged in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction along the circumference of the medium hollow column; If it is set clockwise, the antenna radiates left-hand polarized waves, and if it is set counterclockwise, the antenna radiates right-hand polarized waves.

5. The combined antenna for use in a satellite navigation frequency band according to claim 1, wherein: The metal turret arm is tilted upward, and the tilt angle of the metal turret arm in the tilting direction is set to 0-90 degrees.

6. The combined antenna for use in a satellite navigation frequency band according to claim 1, characterized in that: The opening of the slotted gap is tilted upward, and is set at an inclination angle of 0-90° between the horizontal direction of the first metal bottom surface and the tilt direction of the opening.

7. The combined antenna for use in a satellite navigation frequency band according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are 2N metal spiral arms and slot antenna structures, where N is 2, 3, or 4.

8. The combined antenna for use in a satellite navigation frequency band according to claim 1, wherein: The width of one end of the slot is gradually narrowed toward the opening direction.

9. The combined antenna for use in a satellite navigation frequency band according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dielectric bottom plate and dielectric side plates are both FR4 plates.

10. The combined antenna for use in a satellite navigation frequency band according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding network with phase-shift power division function is realized by a power divider composed of microstrip lines or an integrated 3dB bridge.

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