Laser welding auxiliary device

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of welding tools, and discloses a laser welding auxiliary device which comprises a U-shaped fixing frame, through holes are formed in the inner walls of the left side and the right side of the U-shaped fixing frame, positioning mechanisms for limiting the moving positions of two sets of welding pieces are installed in the two sets of through holes of the U-shaped fixing frame, and a clamping groove is formed in the front face of the U-shaped fixing frame. A protection mechanism is installed in a clamping groove of the U-shaped fixing frame, two limiting mechanisms are arranged on the back face of the positioning mechanism, the two machined parts are clamped between the inner walls of the left side and the right side of the positioning mechanism by pushing the two machined parts, and then the adjacent sides of the two machined parts are attached by starting the positioning mechanism. And the follow-up positioning mechanism limits the moving position of the machined part in the welding process, so that the follow-up machined part is prevented from moving in the welding process as much as possible, and the stability of the device in the machined part positioning process is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of welding tooling, in particular to a laser welding auxiliary device. Background Art

[0002] Laser welding is an efficient and precise welding method that uses a high-energy-density laser beam as a heat source. It is one of the important aspects of the application of laser material processing technology. In the 1970s, it was mainly used for welding thin-walled materials and low-speed welding. The welding process is a heat conduction type, that is, the laser radiation heats the workpiece surface, and the surface heat diffuses to the inside through heat conduction. By controlling the width, energy, peak power and repetition frequency of the laser pulse, the workpiece is melted to form a specific molten pool. Due to its unique advantages, it has been successfully applied to the precision welding of micro and small parts.

[0003] For example, the utility model with announcement number CN220782651U discloses a laser welding auxiliary device, including a frame, on which a clamping assembly for clamping a weldment is installed, the clamping assembly including a dynamic clamping frame slidably connected to the frame, and a fixed clamping frame fixedly connected to the frame, the end of the dynamic clamping frame is rotatably connected to a clamping seat 1, the end of the fixed clamping frame is rotatably connected to a passive wheel, and one side of the passive wheel is fixedly connected to a clamping seat 2, and weldment 1 and weldment 2 are arranged between clamping seat 1 and clamping seat 2. The utility model provides an angle-adjustable welding auxiliary tooling, which can flexibly adjust the angle of the weldment during use, perform all-round processing of the weldment at one time, and does not require shutdown operation or side-changing processing, thereby reducing time and labor costs and improving efficiency. It solves the problem that the current device cannot adjust the angle of the weldment, resulting in low efficiency.

[0004] During the implementation of this application, it was found that the technology has the following problems: the existing laser welding auxiliary devices mostly use a clamping mechanism to locate the positions of the two groups of workpieces during use, so that the staff can install and disassemble the two groups of workpieces. However, the quality of most workpieces is different, which makes it easy for the two groups of workpieces to slip out of the two clamping mechanisms during the flipping process. As a result, it takes a long time for the staff to use the device to weld the two groups of workpieces, thereby reducing the practicality of the equipment.

[0005] For this purpose, a laser welding auxiliary device is proposed. Utility Model Content

[0006] The purpose of the present utility model is to provide a laser welding auxiliary device to solve the problem that the quality of most workpieces is different, which makes it easy for the two subsequent groups of workpieces to slip out from the inside of the two clamping mechanisms during the flipping process, thereby causing the workers to spend a long time when using the device to weld the two groups of workpieces.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention specifically adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] A laser welding auxiliary device includes a U-shaped fixing frame, wherein the inner walls on the left and right sides of the U-shaped fixing frame are each provided with through holes, and positioning mechanisms for limiting the movement of two groups of welding parts are installed inside the two groups of through holes of the U-shaped fixing frame. A card slot is provided on the front of the U-shaped fixing frame, and a protective mechanism is installed inside the card slot of the U-shaped fixing frame. Two groups of limiting mechanisms are provided on the back of the positioning mechanism.

[0009] Furthermore, the positioning mechanism includes a U-shaped support frame, a motor 1 and two groups of rotating rods, the two groups of rotating rods are respectively rotatably connected to the two groups of through holes of the U-shaped fixing frame, the U-shaped support frame is installed on one side adjacent to the two groups of rotating rods, the motor 1 is installed on the right side of the U-shaped fixing frame, and the output shaft of the motor 1 is installed on the side of the right group of rotating rods away from the U-shaped support frame, a card slot is provided on the top of the inner wall of the U-shaped support frame, and side plates are slidably connected inside the two groups of card slots of the U-shaped support frame, an electric telescopic rod is provided on the upper surface of the U-shaped support frame, and an L-shaped fixing The front of the L-shaped fixed plate is provided with a second motor, and the output shaft of the second motor passes through the L-shaped fixed plate and is installed with a gear, and the external teeth of the gear are meshed with two sets of racks, and fixed plates are installed on the opposite sides of the two sets of racks, and the front faces of the two sets of side plates are provided with grooves, and the back faces of the two sets of fixed plates are respectively slidably connected to the inside of the grooves of the two sets of side plates, and the front faces of the two sets of fixed plates are provided with slots, and the insides of the slots of the two sets of fixed plates are slidably connected to limit plates, and the front faces of the two sets of limit plates are installed on the inner side walls of the L-shaped fixed plate, and the adjacent sides of the two sets of side plates are provided with positioning slots.

[0010] Furthermore, the two groups of limiting mechanisms include bolts, and the backs of the two groups of side panels are provided with threaded holes. The external threads of the two groups of bolts are respectively connected to the inside of the threaded holes of the two groups of side panels. The front ends of the two groups of bolts are respectively located inside the positioning slots of the two groups of side panels, and a turntable is provided on the backs of the two groups of bolts.

[0011] Furthermore, the front inner walls of the two groups of side panel positioning slots remain parallel.

[0012] Furthermore, a control panel is provided on a side of the U-shaped fixing frame away from the motor 1, and the control panel is electrically connected to the motor 1, the electric telescopic rod and the control end of the motor 2.

[0013] Furthermore, the protective mechanism includes a card block, which is clamped inside the card slot of the U-shaped fixing frame. A protective mirror is provided on the front of the card block. The position of the protective mirror is set between the control panel and the positioning mechanism. The material of the protective mirror is polycarbonate.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows:

[0015] 1. The utility model starts the second motor to trigger the two sets of fixing plates to drive the two sets of side plates to move, so that the adjacent sides of the two sets of workpieces inside the two sets of side plates are fitted together, so that the two sets of side plates and the two sets of fixing plates limit the moving position of the workpieces during the welding process, thereby minimizing the movement of subsequent workpieces during the welding process, thereby improving the stability of the device in the process of positioning the workpieces; by starting the electric telescopic rod to push the L-shaped fixing plate, the two sets of limit plates are driven to pull the two sets of fixing plates to slide upward inside the grooves of the two sets of side plates, so that the positions of the two sets of fixing plates and the L-shaped fixing plates in front of the two sets of workpieces can be adjusted, thereby enabling the subsequent laser welding equipment to weld the connection between the two sets of workpieces at the rear end of the L-shaped fixing plate, thereby minimizing the subsequent L-shaped fixing plate from blocking the processing surfaces of the two sets of workpieces during use.

[0016] 2. The utility model starts the motor to drive the two sets of rotating rods and the U-shaped support frame to rotate, and then the two sets of workpieces are positioned and installed at the lower end of the top of the inner wall of the U-shaped support frame, so that the subsequent U-shaped support frame drives the two sets of workpieces to flip during the rotation process, thereby making it unnecessary for subsequent staff to adjust the positions of the two sets of workpieces. The laser welding equipment at the front end of the U-shaped fixing frame can weld the connection between the back sides of the two sets of workpieces, thereby reducing the labor consumed by subsequent staff when using the device to weld and position the two sets of workpieces, thereby improving the practicality of the device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 This is a side structural diagram of the utility model;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the top surface structure of the utility model;

[0019] Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional view of the U-shaped fixing plate of the utility model;

[0020] Figure 4 This utility model Figure 1 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0021] Figure 5 It is a side structural diagram of the bolt of the utility model.

[0022] Figure numerals: 1. U-shaped fixing frame; 2. Positioning mechanism; 201. U-shaped support frame; 202. Motor 1; 203. Side panel; 204. Fixing plate; 205. Rack; 206. Electric telescopic rod; 207. L-shaped fixing plate; 208. Motor 2; 209. Limiting plate; 210. Gear; 211. Rotating rod; 3. Limiting mechanism; 301. Bolt; 302. Turntable; 4. Protective mechanism; 401. Block; 402. Protective mirror; 5. Control panel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] To make the purpose, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0024] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but rather merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments derived by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are also within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters represent similar items in the following drawings. Therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined or explained in subsequent drawings. In addition, the terms "first," "second," etc. are used only to distinguish the descriptions and are not to be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0026] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "inside", "outside", "upper", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or are the orientations or positional relationships in which the product of the present invention is usually placed when in use. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0027] like Figures 1 to 5As shown, a laser welding auxiliary device includes a U-shaped fixing frame 1, the left and right inner walls of the U-shaped fixing frame 1 are provided with through holes, and the two sets of through holes of the U-shaped fixing frame 1 are internally installed with positioning mechanisms 2 for limiting the movement of the two sets of welding parts, a card slot is provided on the front of the U-shaped fixing frame 1, a protective mechanism 4 is installed inside the card slot of the U-shaped fixing frame 1, and two sets of limiting mechanisms 3 are provided on the back of the positioning mechanism 2; specifically, by pushing the two sets of workpieces to clamp the two sets of workpieces between the left and right inner walls of the positioning mechanism 2, and then by starting the positioning mechanism 2, the two sets of workpieces are clamped between the left and right inner walls of the positioning mechanism 2. The adjacent sides of the two groups of workpieces are fitted together, so that the subsequent positioning mechanism 2 limits the moving position of the workpieces during the welding process, thereby avoiding the subsequent workpieces from moving during the welding process as much as possible, thereby improving the stability of the device in the process of positioning the workpieces; by rotating the limiting mechanism 3, the front of the limiting mechanism 3 is respectively abutted against the back faces of the two groups of workpieces inside the positioning mechanism 2, so that the two groups of limiting mechanisms 3 limit the positions of the two groups of workpieces inside the positioning mechanism 2, thereby avoiding the subsequent two groups of workpieces from moving during the flipping process as much as possible.

[0028] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the positioning mechanism 2 includes a U-shaped support frame 201, a motor 1 202 and two groups of rotating rods 211. The two groups of rotating rods 211 are respectively rotatably connected to the two groups of through holes of the U-shaped fixing frame 1. The U-shaped support frame 201 is installed on the adjacent side of the two groups of rotating rods 211. The motor 1 202 is installed on the right side of the U-shaped fixing frame 1. The output shaft of the motor 1 202 is installed on the side of the right group of rotating rods 211 away from the U-shaped support frame 201. A card slot is provided on the top of the inner wall of the U-shaped support frame 201. The two groups of card slots of the U-shaped support frame 201 are slidably connected with side plates 203. The upper surface of the U-shaped support frame 201 is provided with an electric telescopic rod 206. The output end of the electric telescopic rod 206 is installed with an L-shaped fixing plate 207. A second motor 208 is provided on the front of the L-shaped fixing plate 207. The output shaft of the second motor 208 passes through the L-shaped fixing plate 207 and is installed with a gear 210. The external teeth of the gear 210 are meshed and connected with two sets of racks 205. Fixed plates 204 are installed on opposite sides of the two sets of racks 205. The front faces of the two sets of side plates 203 are provided with grooves. The back faces of the two sets of fixing plates 204 are respectively slidably connected to the grooves of the two sets of side plates 203. The front faces of the two sets of fixing plates 204 are provided with slots. The insides of the slots of the two sets of fixing plates 204 are slidably connected to limit plates 209. The front faces of the two sets of limit plates 209 are both installed on the inner side wall of the L-shaped fixing plate 207. The adjacent sides of the two sets of side plates 203 are provided with positioning slots.

[0029] Specifically, after the subsequent two sets of workpieces are clamped in the positioning slots of the two sets of side plates 203, the two sets of fixed plates 204 are triggered by starting the second motor 208 to move the two sets of side plates 203, so that the adjacent sides of the two sets of workpieces inside the two sets of side plates 203 are fitted together, so that the two sets of side plates 203 and the two sets of fixed plates 204 limit the moving position of the workpieces during the welding process, thereby avoiding the subsequent workpieces from moving during the welding process as much as possible, thereby improving the stability of the device in the process of positioning the workpieces; By starting the electric telescopic rod 206 to push the L-shaped fixing plate 207, the two sets of limit plates 209 are driven to pull the two sets of fixing plates 204 to slide upward inside the grooves of the two sets of side plates 203, so that the positions of the two sets of fixing plates 204 and the L-shaped fixing plate 207 in front of the two sets of workpieces can be adjusted, thereby enabling the subsequent laser welding equipment to weld the connection between the two sets of workpieces at the rear end of the L-shaped fixing plate 207, thereby minimizing the subsequent L-shaped fixing plate 207 from blocking the processing surfaces of the two sets of workpieces during use.

[0030] At the same time, by starting the motor 202, the two groups of rotating rods 211 and the U-shaped support frame 201 are driven to rotate, and then the two groups of workpieces are positioned and installed at the lower end of the top of the inner wall of the U-shaped support frame 201, so that the subsequent U-shaped support frame 201 drives the two groups of workpieces to flip during the rotation process, so that subsequent staff do not need to adjust the positions of the two groups of workpieces. The laser welding equipment at the front end of the U-shaped fixing frame 1 can weld the connection between the back sides of the two groups of workpieces, thereby reducing the labor consumed by subsequent staff when using the device to weld and position the two groups of workpieces, thereby improving the practicality of the device.

[0031] like Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown, the two groups of limiting mechanisms 3 include bolts 301, and the backs of the two groups of side plates 203 are provided with threaded holes. The external threads of the two groups of bolts 301 are respectively connected to the inside of the threaded holes of the two groups of side plates 203. The front ends of the two groups of bolts 301 are respectively located inside the positioning grooves of the two groups of side plates 203. The backs of the two groups of bolts 301 are provided with turntables 302. Specifically, when a subsequent smaller workpiece is placed inside the positioning grooves of the side plates 203, the two groups of bolts 301 are driven to rotate by rotating the two groups of turntables 302. The two sets of side panels 203 are rotated inside the threaded holes, and then the front ends of the two sets of bolts 301 are respectively located inside the positioning slots of the two sets of side panels 203, so that the two sets of bolts 301 subsequently push the processed parts inside the positioning slots of the two sets of side panels 203 to move and clamp the two sets of processed parts inside the positioning slots of the two sets of side panels 203, thereby minimizing the movement of smaller processed parts when placed inside the positioning slots of the side panels 203, thereby expanding the positioning range of the positioning mechanism 2, thereby improving the practicality of the device.

[0032] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the front inner walls of the positioning slots of the two sets of side panels 203 are kept parallel; specifically, after the opposite ends of the subsequent two sets of processing parts are inserted into the positioning slots of the two sets of side panels 203, the front faces of the two sets of processing parts are respectively abutted against the front inner walls of the positioning slots of the two sets of side panels 203 by pushing the two sets of processing parts, and then the front inner walls of the positioning slots of the side panels 203 are kept parallel, so that subsequent staff can quickly adjust the positions of the two sets of processing parts to be parallel during the installation process of the two sets of processing parts, thereby shortening the time and labor spent by subsequent staff in adjusting and moving the positions of the two sets of processing parts, thereby improving the practicality of the device.

[0033] like Figure 2 As shown, a control panel 5 is provided on the side of the U-shaped fixing frame 1 away from the motor 1 202, and the control panel 5 is electrically connected to the control ends of the motor 1 202, the electric telescopic rod 206 and the motor 2 208; specifically, by operating the control panel 5 to start the motor 1 202, the electric telescopic rod 206 and the motor 2 208, the staff does not need to run back and forth when operating the electronic equipment inside the positioning mechanism 2 to adjust and flip the positions of the two groups of workpieces, thereby reducing the labor and time consumed by the subsequent staff when operating the device to weld the two groups of workpieces, thereby improving the practicality of the device.

[0034] like Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the protective mechanism 4 includes a card block 401, which is clamped in the card slot of the U-shaped fixing frame 1. A protective mirror 402 is provided on the front of the card block 401. The position of the protective mirror 402 is set between the control panel 5 and the positioning mechanism 2. The material of the protective mirror 402 is polycarbonate. Specifically, the protective mirror 402 made of polycarbonate has the characteristics of high temperature resistance and non-adhesion to sparks and splashes of welding slag, so that subsequent staff can use the protective mirror 402 to adjust the positions of the two sets of workpieces when operating the control panel 5 to start the positioning mechanism 2. The welding status of the two groups of workpieces can be checked, so as to avoid subsequent workers from being injured in the eyes by the welding laser when checking the welding status of the two groups of workpieces inside the positioning mechanism 2, and the subsequent workers do not need to wear goggles during work, thereby improving the comfort of the subsequent workers when operating the device; by pulling the protective mirror 402, the card block 401 is moved out of the card slot of the U-shaped fixing frame 1, so that the subsequent protective mirror 402 can be disassembled when damaged, so that it is convenient for subsequent workers to replace the protective mirror 402 regularly.

[0035] In summary: by starting motor 208, the two sets of fixing plates 204 are triggered to drive the two sets of side plates 203 to move, so that the adjacent sides of the two sets of workpieces inside the two sets of side plates 203 are fitted together, so that the two sets of side plates 203 and the two sets of fixing plates 204 limit the moving position of the workpieces during the welding process, thereby minimizing the movement of subsequent workpieces during the welding process; by starting the electric telescopic rod 206, the L-shaped fixing plate 207 is pushed to drive the two sets of limiting plates 209 to pull the two sets of fixing plates 204 to slide upward inside the grooves of the two sets of side plates 203, so that the positions of the two sets of fixing plates 204 and the L-shaped fixing plate 207 on the front side of the two sets of workpieces can be adjusted, thereby enabling the subsequent laser welding equipment to weld the connection between the two sets of workpieces at the rear end of the L-shaped fixing plate 207, thereby minimizing the subsequent L-shaped fixing plate 207 from blocking the processing surfaces of the two sets of workpieces during use.

[0036] At the same time, by starting the motor 1 202 to drive the two sets of rotating rods 211 and the U-shaped support frame 201 to rotate, and then the two sets of processing parts are positioned and installed at the lower end of the top of the inner wall of the U-shaped support frame 201, so that the subsequent U-shaped support frame 201 drives the two sets of processing parts to flip during the rotation process, thereby making it unnecessary for subsequent workers to adjust the positions of the two sets of processing parts. The laser welding equipment at the front end of the U-shaped fixing frame 1 can weld the connection between the backs of the two sets of processing parts, thereby reducing the need for subsequent workers to use the device to weld the two sets of processing parts. The labor consumed in welding positioning is reduced; by rotating the two sets of turntables 302, the two sets of bolts 301 are driven to rotate inside the threaded holes of the two sets of side panels 203, and then the front ends of the two sets of bolts 301 are respectively located inside the positioning slots of the two sets of side panels 203, so that the subsequent two sets of bolts 301 push the internal processing parts of the positioning slots of the two sets of side panels 203 to move and clamp the two sets of processing parts inside the positioning slots of the two sets of side panels 203, thereby minimizing the movement of smaller processing parts when placed inside the positioning slots of the side panels 203.

[0037] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions merely illustrate the principles of the present invention. Various changes and improvements are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Such changes and improvements are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed for the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A laser welding auxiliary device, comprising a U-shaped fixing frame (1), characterized in that: The inner walls on both sides of the U-shaped fixing frame (1) are provided with through holes, and positioning mechanisms (2) for limiting the movement of the two sets of welding parts are installed inside the two sets of through holes of the U-shaped fixing frame (1). The front of the U-shaped fixing frame (1) is provided with a card slot, and a protective mechanism (4) is installed inside the card slot of the U-shaped fixing frame (1). The back of the positioning mechanism (2) is provided with two sets of limiting mechanisms (3); The positioning mechanism (2) comprises a U-shaped support frame (201), a motor 1 (202) and two groups of rotating rods (211), the two groups of rotating rods (211) are respectively rotatably connected to the inside of the two groups of through holes of the U-shaped fixed frame (1), the U-shaped support frame (201) is installed on the adjacent side of the two groups of rotating rods (211), the motor 1 (202) is installed on the right side of the U-shaped fixed frame (1), the output shaft of the motor 1 (202) is installed on the side of the right group of rotating rods (211) away from the U-shaped support frame (201), a card slot is provided on the top of the inner wall of the U-shaped support frame (201), the two groups of card slots of the U-shaped support frame (201) are slidably connected to the side plates (203), the upper surface of the U-shaped support frame (201) is provided with an electric telescopic rod (206), and the output end of the electric telescopic rod (206) is installed with an L-shaped fixing plate (207) ), the front of the L-shaped fixed plate (207) is provided with a second motor (208), the output shaft of the second motor (208) passes through the L-shaped fixed plate (207) and is installed with a gear (210), the external teeth of the gear (210) are meshed and connected with two groups of racks (205), and the opposite sides of the two groups of racks (205) are both installed with a fixed plate (204), the fronts of the two groups of side plates (203) are provided with grooves, the backs of the two groups of fixed plates (204) are respectively slidably connected to the inside of the grooves of the two groups of side plates (203), the fronts of the two groups of fixed plates (204) are provided with slots, and the inside of the slots of the two groups of fixed plates (204) are slidably connected to the limiting plates (209), the fronts of the two groups of limiting plates (209) are both installed on the inner side wall of the L-shaped fixed plate (207), and the adjacent sides of the two groups of side plates (203) are provided with positioning slots.

2. The laser welding auxiliary device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two groups of limiting mechanisms (3) each include a bolt (301), and the backs of the two groups of side plates (203) are provided with a threaded hole. The external threads of the two groups of bolts (301) are respectively connected to the inside of the threaded holes of the two groups of side plates (203). The front ends of the two groups of bolts (301) are respectively located inside the positioning slots of the two groups of side plates (203). The backs of the two groups of bolts (301) are provided with a rotating disk (302).

3. The laser welding auxiliary device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front inner walls of the positioning slots of the two sets of side plates (203) are kept parallel.

4. The laser welding auxiliary device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A control panel (5) is provided on a side of the U-shaped fixing frame (1) away from the motor 1 (202), and the control panel (5) is electrically connected to the control ends of the motor 1 (202), the electric telescopic rod (206) and the motor 2 (208).

5. The laser welding auxiliary device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The protective mechanism (4) comprises a clamping block (401), the clamping block (401) being clamped inside a clamping slot of the U-shaped fixing frame (1), a protective mirror (402) being provided on the front of the clamping block (401), the protective mirror (402) being positioned between the control panel (5) and the positioning mechanism (2), and the material of the protective mirror (402) being polycarbonate.

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