Motor, power assembly and vehicle

Abstract

The utility model provides a motor, a power assembly and a vehicle. A motor rotor of the motor comprises a plurality of permanent magnets which are arranged at intervals. Each permanent magnet comprises a plurality of magnetic steels, and the plurality of magnetic steels are adjacently arranged along a first direction. The coercive force of one magnetic steel is not equal to the coercive force of another magnetic steel, the residual magnetism of one magnetic steel is not equal to the residual magnetism of another magnetic steel, the width of one magnetic steel is not equal to the width of another magnetic steel and the width of another magnetic steel in the first direction, and the first direction is perpendicular to the axial direction of the motor. The coercive force and the residual magnetism are distinguished according to the widths of the multiple pieces of magnetic steel, the distribution of the magnetic performance of the permanent magnet can be flexibly adjusted, and the situation that the multiple pieces of magnetic steel are wrongly sorted due to material mixing can be reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of electric vehicles, and in particular to a motor, a powertrain, and a vehicle. Background Art

[0002] In new energy vehicles, the powertrain, as the vehicle's power source, is crucial to its overall performance. The motor is a key component of the powertrain, converting electrical energy into mechanical energy. The permanent magnets in the motor rotor are one of the factors influencing the motor's output torque. However, the magnetic properties of these permanent magnets still need to be further improved, impacting the efficiency and reliability of the motor and powertrain. Utility Model Content

[0003] Embodiments of the present application provide a motor, a powertrain, and a vehicle.

[0004] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a motor, wherein a motor rotor of the motor includes a plurality of permanent magnets, the plurality of permanent magnets being arranged at intervals, each permanent magnet including a plurality of magnetic steels, and the plurality of magnetic steels being arranged adjacent to each other along a first direction. The coercive force of one of the plurality of magnetic steels is not equal to the coercive force of another of the plurality of magnetic steels. The remanence of one of the magnetic steels is not equal to the remanence of another of the plurality of magnetic steels. The width of one of the magnetic steels is not equal to the width of another of the plurality of magnetic steels, and the width of the further magnetic steel along the first direction. The first direction is perpendicular to the axial direction of the motor.

[0005] In an embodiment of the present application, the first direction is parallel to the arrangement direction of the multiple magnetic steels in each permanent magnet. In one embodiment, depending on the arrangement of the multiple permanent magnets, the first directions corresponding to different permanent magnets may be parallel to each other or may intersect. In one embodiment, the second direction is parallel to the magnetization direction of each permanent magnet. The number of magnetic steels in each permanent magnet can be a positive integer greater than or equal to.

[0006] In the embodiments of the present application, the distribution of coercive force and residual magnetism in the permanent magnet has an important influence on the performance of the motor and needs to be adjusted according to the actual situation. Specifically, the application scenarios and arrangement methods of the permanent magnets are different, and the positions of the permanent magnets that are prone to demagnetization are correspondingly different. Coercive force is used to describe the ability of a permanent magnet to maintain its original magnetization direction when subjected to an external magnetic field. The coercive force of the part of the permanent magnet that is prone to demagnetization needs to be higher. In addition, residual magnetism is used to describe the magnetization intensity retained when the magnetized permanent magnet is no longer affected by the external magnetic field. The distribution of residual magnetism in the permanent magnet will affect the sinusoidality of the motor rotor magnetic field.

[0007] If the permanent magnets of the motor rotor adopt an integrated structure, combined with the method of local diffusion of heavy rare earth elements, although the distribution of coercive force and remanence can be adjusted, it will have a negative impact on the performance consistency of the permanent magnets, resulting in uneven motor magnetic field, and will also increase the difficulty of process control and performance testing. In the embodiment of the present application, each permanent magnet is divided into a plurality of adjacently arranged magnetic steels, the coercive force of one magnetic steel and another magnetic steel are not equal to each other, and the remanence of one magnetic steel and another magnetic steel are not equal to each other, thereby realizing free adjustment of the coercive force and remanence in the permanent magnet, so that the permanent magnet can adapt to different application scenarios and arrangements. Since the embodiment of the present application can avoid the use of local diffusion, it is beneficial to improve the overall consistency of the permanent magnets and reduce motor torque fluctuations. In one embodiment, the multiple magnetic steels of each permanent magnet are fixedly connected along a first direction, and the fixed connection method can be bonding or welding.

[0008] In an embodiment of the present application, the coercive force or remanence of at least two of the multiple magnets in each permanent magnet are not equal. Since it is difficult to directly judge the order of the coercive force and remanence of each magnet, during the installation of the permanent magnet, there may be a situation where the arrangement is wrong due to mixing of materials, so that the coercive force and remanence of the permanent magnet cannot reach the preset distribution, resulting in a negative impact on the anti-demagnetization performance of the permanent magnet. In an embodiment of the present application, the width of each magnet in the permanent magnet is an external property that can be directly observed. Establishing a connection between the coercive force and remanence of the magnet and the width of the magnet is conducive to avoiding the misoperation of mixing materials during the installation of the permanent magnet, and ensuring that the distribution of the coercive force and remanence in the permanent magnet can help improve the performance of the motor. In addition, only using the width to simultaneously distinguish the two properties of coercive force and remanence is conducive to reducing the processing difficulty and cost of each magnet in the permanent magnet.

[0009] In one embodiment, the heights of the plurality of magnets along the second direction are equal, the second direction is perpendicular to the axial direction of the motor, the coercive force and remanence of two magnets among the plurality of magnets are equal, and the widths of the two magnets along the first direction are equal.

[0010] The present embodiments adjust the width of the magnets to facilitate direct differentiation of the coercivity and remanence of different magnets. Only when the coercivity and remanence of two magnets are equal are their widths equal. This helps avoid disorganization of magnets with different magnetic properties, ensures that the coercivity and remanence of the permanent magnets achieve a predetermined distribution, and reduces the difficulty and cost of permanent magnet processing. The equal height of multiple magnets helps reduce the difficulty and cost of magnet processing and maintains the consistency of the magnets.

[0011] In one embodiment, the remanence of one magnet is equal to that of another magnet, the coercivity of one magnet is equal to that of another magnet, and the width of the other magnet along the first direction is not equal to that of the another magnet.

[0012] In the embodiments of the present application, in terms of magnetic properties, only the coercive force between one magnet and another magnet is unequal, only the remanence between one magnet and another magnet is unequal, and both the coercive force and the remanence of another magnet and another magnet are unequal. Regardless of whether only one magnetic property is unequal or both magnetic properties are unequal, the widths of one magnet, another magnet, and another magnet are unequal, and the coercive force and remanence distribution are controlled, so that the coercive force and remanence of the permanent magnet can be adjusted according to different arrangement methods or application scenarios.

[0013] In one embodiment, among the multiple magnetic steels, one magnetic steel has the smallest coercive force, one magnetic steel has a width greater than another magnetic steel along the first direction, and one magnetic steel has a heavy rare earth element content less than another magnetic steel.

[0014] A difference between the remanence of the other magnetic steel and the remanence of the one magnetic steel is smaller than a difference between the remanence of the other magnetic steel and the remanence of the one magnetic steel, and a difference between the width of the other magnetic steel and the width of the one magnetic steel along the first direction is smaller than a difference between the width of the other magnetic steel and the width of the one magnetic steel.

[0015] In an embodiment of the present application, the width of the magnetic steel with the smallest coercive force will affect the cost of the permanent magnet. In order to improve the anti-demagnetization ability of the permanent magnet, heavy rare earth elements can be added to the permanent magnet. The content of heavy rare earth elements has a positive correlation with the coercive force of the magnetic steel. However, due to the price of heavy rare earth elements, it is necessary to control the content of heavy rare earth elements in rare earth permanent magnets. In an embodiment of the present application, the heavy rare earth element content of another magnetic steel is higher than that of one magnetic steel, and the width of the other magnetic steel is lower than that of one magnetic steel. By adjusting the width, not only can one magnetic steel and another magnetic steel be accurately distinguished, but it is also beneficial to reduce the content of heavy rare earth elements in the permanent magnet and reduce the cost of the motor.

[0016] In an embodiment of the present application, magnets with unequal magnetic properties also have unequal widths. Taking one magnet, another magnet, and another magnet as an example, in the process of distinguishing the magnetic properties: the coercive forces of the three magnets can be first sorted by the size relationship of the widths so that the coercive forces of the permanent magnets achieve a preset distribution. At this time, the relative positions of the three magnets have been preliminarily determined. Then, the three magnets are divided into different orders according to the size relationship of the coercive forces. For example, the coercive force of one magnet is the smallest, and the coercive forces of the other magnet and the other magnet are both greater than that of the one magnet. Therefore, the other magnet and the other magnet can be divided into the same order. Then, the other magnet and the other magnet of the same order are distinguished. By comparing the difference between the widths of the other magnet and the other magnet with the width of the one magnet, the relative size of the residual magnetism is determined, thereby further determining the relative positions of the other magnet and the other magnet of the same order.

[0017] In one embodiment, the plurality of magnetic steels of each permanent magnet includes a first magnetic steel and a second magnetic steel. The first magnetic steel and the second magnetic steel are respectively arranged along a first direction on either side of the other magnetic steels in the plurality of magnetic steels. The two permanent magnets are arranged adjacent to each other along the circumference of the motor, with the angle formed by the two permanent magnets facing the outer circumference of the motor rotor, and the angle formed by the two permanent magnets is less than 180 degrees. The spacing between the two first magnetic steels of the two permanent magnets along the circumference of the motor is less than the spacing between the two second magnetic steels of the two permanent magnets.

[0018] The coercive force of each first magnetic steel of the two permanent magnets is greater than the coercive force of the other magnetic steels of the two permanent magnets. The remanence of each first magnetic steel of the two permanent magnets is greater than the remanence of each second magnetic steel of the two permanent magnets. In each of the two permanent magnets, the difference between the width of a first magnetic steel and the width of a second magnetic steel along the first direction is less than or equal to the difference between the width of the first magnetic steel and the width of any other magnetic steel in the plurality of magnetic steels other than the first magnetic steel and the second magnetic steel.

[0019] In an embodiment of the present application, the two permanent magnets are arranged in a V-shape, and the angle formed by the two permanent magnets is open toward the outer peripheral surface of the motor rotor and is less than 180 degrees. The first magnetic steel and the second magnetic steel of the two permanent magnets are respectively located at the two ends of each permanent magnet. In particular, along the radial direction of the motor, the first magnetic steel of the two permanent magnets is farther away from the outer peripheral surface of the motor rotor than the second magnetic steel of the two permanent magnets, and along the circumferential direction of the motor, the spacing between the first magnetic steel of the two permanent magnets is less than the spacing between the second magnetic steel of the two permanent magnets.

[0020] In this embodiment of the present application, two permanent magnets are arranged in a V-shape. The first magnets of the two permanent magnets require greater anti-demagnetization than the other magnets in the multiple magnets. Therefore, this embodiment adjusts the coercivity of the first magnets of the two permanent magnets to be greater than that of the other magnets, thereby improving the anti-demagnetization capability of one end of the two permanent magnets. The remanence of each first magnet of the two permanent magnets is greater than the remanence of each second magnet of the two permanent magnets. By adjusting the distribution of the remanence of the two permanent magnets, the sinusoidality of the rotor magnetic field can be optimized.

[0021] Taking one of the two permanent magnets as an example, due to the unique positional characteristics of the first and second magnets, when the first and second magnets are classified into different orders, the order can be used to accurately position the first and second magnets. When the first and second magnets are classified into the same order, the difference in width between the first and second magnets and the other magnets in the multiple magnets can be compared to distinguish the first and second magnets based on the magnitude of their residual magnetism.

[0022] In one embodiment, in at least one of the two permanent magnets, the coercive force of the second magnetic steel is greater than the coercive force of the other magnetic steels in the plurality of magnetic steels except the first magnetic steel and the second magnetic steel, and the difference between the width of the first magnetic steel and the width of the second magnetic steel along the first direction is less than the difference between the width of the first magnetic steel and the width of any other magnetic steel in the plurality of magnetic steels except the first magnetic steel and the second magnetic steel.

[0023] In the embodiments of the present application, taking one of the two permanent magnets as an example, the second magnet also has a relatively high anti-demagnetization requirement. The coercivity of the second magnet is between that of the first magnet and the other magnets, which helps reduce the risk of demagnetization at both ends of one of the two permanent magnets. The first and second magnets are of the same order. Compared to the widths of the other magnets in the multiple magnets, the width of the second magnet is closer to that of the first magnet. Due to the smaller width of the first magnet, the embodiments of the present application help reduce the amount of heavy rare earth elements used in the permanent magnets and control the cost of the motor rotor.

[0024] In one embodiment, in at least one permanent magnet, the remanence of the plurality of magnetic steels decreases sequentially from a first magnetic steel to a second magnetic steel along a first direction, and the widths of the plurality of magnetic steels except the first magnetic steel and the second magnetic steel are unequal along the first direction.

[0025] In this embodiment, taking one of the two permanent magnets as an example, the residual magnetism decreases from the first to the second magnet, which helps improve the sinusoidality of the air gap flux density waveform. After the positions of the first and second magnets have been determined, multiple magnets can be installed based on the different widths of the other magnets to achieve a distribution with decreasing residual magnetism.

[0026] In one embodiment, the coercive forces and residual magnetism of the two permanent magnets are arranged in an axisymmetric manner with respect to the radial direction of the motor rotor.

[0027] In this embodiment of the present application, the coercive forces of the two permanent magnets are symmetrically arranged. Because the coercive forces of the first magnetic steels of the two permanent magnets are relatively large, this helps improve the demagnetization resistance of the two permanent magnets in the easily demagnetized areas. The symmetrical arrangement of the remanent magnetization of the two permanent magnets, due to their decreasing remanent magnetization, results in a sinusoidal waveform for the overall remanent magnetization of the two permanent magnets, which can generate a rotor magnetic field that is closer to a sinusoidal distribution.

[0028] In the embodiment of the present application, the magnetic properties of the two permanent magnets are symmetrically arranged. Combined with the corresponding relationship between the coercive force, remanence and width in the embodiment of the present application, it can be seen that the sizes of the two permanent magnets are also symmetrically distributed, so that the magnets of different sizes in the two permanent magnets are evenly distributed, which is beneficial to reducing the processing cost of the permanent magnets and the torque fluctuation of the motor.

[0029] In one embodiment, the average distance between the other two permanent magnets and the outer circumferential surface of the motor rotor in the radial direction of the motor is greater than the average distance between the two permanent magnets and the outer circumferential surface of the motor rotor. The width of the other two permanent magnets in the first direction is greater than the width of the two permanent magnets. The angle formed by the other two permanent magnets is toward the outer circumferential surface of the motor rotor, and the angle formed by the other two permanent magnets is smaller than the angle formed by the two permanent magnets.

[0030] The coercive force of each first magnet of the other two permanent magnets is less than or equal to the coercive force of each first magnet of the other two permanent magnets, the coercive force of each first magnet of the other two permanent magnets is greater than the coercive force of other magnets of the other two permanent magnets, and the width of each first magnet of the other two permanent magnets along the first direction is less than the width of each second magnet of the other two permanent magnets.

[0031] In the embodiment of the present application, the other two permanent magnets are arranged in a V-shape, and the angle formed by the two permanent magnets opens toward the outer peripheral surface of the motor rotor and is smaller than the angle formed by the two permanent magnets. The two permanent magnets and the other two permanent magnets together form a double V-shaped arrangement.

[0032] In the embodiment of the present application, similar to the two permanent magnets, the anti-demagnetization requirement of the first magnet of the other two permanent magnets is greater than that of the other magnets in the other two permanent magnets. The embodiment of the present application adjusts the coercive force of the first magnet of the other two permanent magnets to be greater than the coercive force of the other magnets in the other two permanent magnets, which is beneficial to reducing the demagnetization risk of the first magnet of the other two permanent magnets.

[0033] Taking one of the other two permanent magnets as an example, due to the unique positional characteristics of the first and second magnets, when they are classified into different orders, the order can be used to accurately position the first and second magnets. When the first and second magnets are classified into the same order, the difference in width between the first and second magnets and the other magnets in the multiple magnets can be compared, and the magnitude of the residual magnetism can be used to distinguish the first and second magnets.

[0034] In the embodiment of the present application, compared with the two permanent magnets, the other two permanent magnets are farther away from the air gap between the motor stator and the motor rotor along the radial direction of the motor, and the other two permanent magnets are relatively less susceptible to the air gap magnetic field. Therefore, the embodiment of the present application adjusts the coercive force of the first magnetic steel of the other two permanent magnets to be less than or equal to the coercive force of the first magnetic steel of the two permanent magnets, which can reduce the amount of heavy rare earth elements in the first magnetic steel of the other two permanent magnets and reduce the cost of the motor.

[0035] In one embodiment, the ratio of the width of one first magnetic steel of each of the other two permanent magnets to the sum of the widths of the plurality of magnetic steels along the first direction is smaller than the ratio of the width of one first magnetic steel of each of the two permanent magnets to the sum of the widths of the plurality of magnetic steels.

[0036] In the embodiment of the present application, since the demagnetization risk of the first magnets of the other two permanent magnets is lower than that of the first magnets of the two permanent magnets, the width ratio of the first magnets of the other two permanent magnets in the other two permanent magnets is smaller than the width ratio of the first magnets of the two permanent magnets in the two permanent magnets. This can not only ensure that the first magnets of the two permanent magnets have strong anti-demagnetization ability, but also control the content of heavy rare earth elements in each permanent magnet in the motor rotor, taking into account both motor performance and cost.

[0037] In one embodiment, the coercive forces and residual magnetism of the other two permanent magnets are arranged in an axisymmetric manner with respect to the radial direction of the motor rotor.

[0038] In the embodiment of the present application, the magnetic properties of the other two permanent magnets are arranged symmetrically. Combined with the corresponding relationship between the coercive force, remanence and width in the embodiment of the present application, it can be seen that the sizes of the other two permanent magnets are also symmetrically distributed, so that the magnets of different sizes in the other two permanent magnets are evenly distributed, which is beneficial to reducing the processing cost of the permanent magnets and the torque fluctuation of the motor.

[0039] In one embodiment, another permanent magnet is arranged between the two permanent magnets along the circumference of the motor, and the average distance between the another permanent magnet and the motor rotor along the radial direction of the motor is smaller than the average distance between the two permanent magnets and the outer circumference of the motor rotor.

[0040] The remanence of the first magnetic steel and the remanence of the second magnetic steel of the permanent magnet are both smaller than the remanence of the other magnetic steels except the first magnetic steel and the second magnetic steel of the plurality of magnetic steels. The coercive force of the first magnetic steel of the permanent magnet is greater than the coercive force of the other magnetic steels except the first magnetic steel and the second magnetic steel of the plurality of magnetic steels.

[0041] A width of a first magnetic steel of another permanent magnet along the first direction is smaller than widths of other magnetic steels except the first magnetic steel and the second magnetic steel in the plurality of magnetic steels.

[0042] In an embodiment of the present application, in another permanent magnet in a straight line, the first magnetic steel of the another permanent magnet is the part that is relatively easy to demagnetize. Therefore, the coercive force of the first magnetic steel of the another permanent magnet is greater than that of other magnetic steels, which is beneficial to improving the anti-demagnetization performance of the permanent magnet. Unlike the remanence of multiple permanent magnets arranged in a V shape, which form a sinusoidal distribution, the ideal distribution of the remanence of the permanent magnets arranged in a straight line is to form a sinusoidal distribution. Therefore, the magnetic steel with the largest remanence in the another permanent magnet is located between the first magnetic steel and the second magnetic steel. The width of the magnetic steel with the largest remanence in the another permanent magnet is greater than that of the first magnetic steel, taking into account both the rapid identification of magnetic steels with different performance and the control effect of the content of heavy rare earth elements.

[0043] In one embodiment, the ratio of the width of a first magnetic steel of another permanent magnet to the sum of the widths of the multiple magnetic steels along the first direction is greater than the ratio of the width of a first magnetic steel of each permanent magnet in the other two permanent magnets to the sum of the widths of the multiple magnetic steels.

[0044] In an embodiment of the present application, taking another permanent magnet and two other permanent magnets as an example, since the demagnetization risk of the first magnet of the another permanent magnet is greater than that of the first magnet of the other two permanent magnets, the width ratio of the first magnet of the another permanent magnet in the permanent magnets is greater than the width ratio of the first magnet of the other two permanent magnets in the other two permanent magnets. This can not only ensure that the first magnet of the another permanent magnet has a strong anti-demagnetization ability, but also control the heavy rare earth element content of each permanent magnet in the motor rotor, taking into account both motor performance and cost.

[0045] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a powertrain, which includes a motor controller, a reducer and a motor as described in any embodiment of the first aspect, wherein the motor controller is used to provide electrical energy to the motor, and the motor is used to transmit power to the reducer.

[0046] In an embodiment of the present application, the motor as described in the first aspect is used in the powertrain. Since the permanent magnets of the motor rotor have better magnetic properties, the individual magnetic steels in the permanent magnets are not easily mixed, which enhances the motor performance and is beneficial to improving the working efficiency and reliability of the powertrain.

[0047] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a vehicle, comprising a frame, a battery pack, and a powertrain as described in the second aspect, wherein the frame is used to fix the battery pack and the powertrain, the battery pack is used to supply power to the motor through a motor controller, and the powertrain is used to drive the wheels of the vehicle through the motor.

[0048] In the embodiment of the present application, the use of the powertrain as described in the second aspect in the vehicle is conducive to ensuring smooth and safe driving of the vehicle. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0049] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments of the present application will be described below.

[0050] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0051] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a powertrain provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0052] Figure 3 is a structural diagram of a motor provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0053] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a motor provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0054] Figure 5 1 is a structural schematic diagram and a coercive force distribution schematic diagram of a permanent magnet provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0055] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure and residual magnetism distribution of a permanent magnet provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0056] Figure 7 This is another structural schematic diagram of the permanent magnet provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0057] Figure 8 is another schematic diagram of a motor provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0058] Figure 9 1 is a schematic diagram of a permanent magnet and a schematic diagram of coercive force distribution provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0059] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a permanent magnet and a schematic diagram of residual magnetism distribution provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0060] Figure 11 Schematic diagrams of various distributions of the coercive force of one of the two permanent magnets with a V-shaped distribution provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0061] Figure 12Schematic diagrams of various distributions of the remanent magnetization of one of the two permanent magnets with a V-shaped distribution provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0062] Figure 13 This is another schematic diagram of the motor provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0063] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments.

[0064] For ease of understanding, the relevant technical terms involved in the embodiments of this application are explained and described below.

[0065] Coercive force: refers to the external magnetic field strength that must be applied in the opposite direction of the original magnetization to return the magnetic induction intensity of the magnetized magnetic material to zero.

[0066] Remanence: refers to the magnetization intensity that a magnetic material can maintain in the original direction of the external magnetic field after being magnetized to saturation and the external magnetic field is removed.

[0067] Vertical: The vertical defined in the embodiments of the present application is not limited to an absolute vertical intersection relationship. It allows for non-absolute vertical intersection relationships caused by factors such as assembly tolerance, design tolerance, and the influence of structural flatness. It allows for errors in a small angle range. For example, the assembly error range of 80 degrees to 100 degrees can be understood as a vertical relationship.

[0068] Parallelism: The parallelism defined in the embodiments of the present application is not limited to absolute parallelism. This definition of parallelism can be understood as basic parallelism, and allows for situations where the absolute parallelism is not caused by factors such as assembly tolerance, design tolerance, and structural flatness.

[0069] At present, the performance of permanent magnets in motor rotors needs to be further improved. An embodiment of the present application provides a motor, wherein the motor rotor of the motor includes a plurality of permanent magnets, the plurality of permanent magnets are arranged at intervals, and the permanent magnets are used to generate a magnetic field of the motor rotor. Each permanent magnet includes a plurality of magnets, and the plurality of magnets are arranged adjacent to each other along a first direction. Each permanent magnet is divided into multiple sections of magnets, so as to facilitate the adjustment of the coercive force and residual magnetism distribution of each permanent magnet according to actual needs. Among them, the coercive force of one magnet among the plurality of magnets is not equal to the coercive force of another magnet, the residual magnetism of one magnet is not equal to the residual magnetism of another magnet among the plurality of magnets, and the width of one magnet along the first direction is not equal to the width of another magnet and the width of another magnet, and the first direction is perpendicular to the axial direction of the motor.

[0070] The embodiments of the present application use the widths of multiple magnets to differentiate the coercive force and remanence, facilitating flexible adjustment of the distribution of the permanent magnet's magnetic properties and reducing the possibility of misalignment of the magnets due to mixing. The motor provided in the embodiments of the present application can be used in a powertrain, and a powertrain incorporating the motor can be used in a vehicle.

[0071] See also Figure 1 , Figure 1 Schematic diagram of vehicle 1 provided for an embodiment of the present application. In the embodiment of the present application, vehicle 1 refers to a wheeled device driven or towed by a power device. In the embodiment of the present application, vehicle 1 includes a frame 20, a battery pack 30 and a powertrain 10. Among them, the frame 20 is the structural skeleton of the vehicle 1, and the frame 20 is used to install the battery pack 30 and the powertrain 10, and can play a role in withstanding the internal and external environmental loads of the vehicle 1. The battery pack 30 is used to supply power to the powertrain 10, and the battery pack 30 can also be called a power battery. The powertrain 10 is the power source of the vehicle 1, and the powertrain 10 is used to drive the wheels 40 of the vehicle 1.

[0072] See also Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a powertrain 10 according to an embodiment of the present application. In this embodiment, the powertrain 10 includes a motor 11, a motor controller 12, and a reducer 13. The motor controller 12 is used to convert the direct current (DC) power provided by the battery pack 30 into alternating current (AC) power and transmit the AC power to the motor 11. The motor 11 is in driving connection with the reducer 13 to drive the wheels 40.

[0073] See also Figure 3 , Figure 3 The present invention provides a schematic structural diagram of the motor 11 provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The motor 11 is an electromagnetic device that realizes the conversion or transmission of electric energy according to the law of electromagnetic induction and can generate a driving torque. Specifically, in one embodiment, the motor 11 includes a motor rotor 100, a motor stator 200, a motor shaft 300 and a winding 400. After the multiple wires of the winding 400 are fed with the alternating current transmitted by the motor controller, an alternating magnetic flux is generated. The alternating magnetic flux generated by the winding 400 interacts with the permanent magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet 110 in the motor rotor 100, so that the motor rotor 100 rotates relative to the motor stator 200. The motor rotor 100 is fixedly connected to the motor shaft 300 so that the motor shaft 300 rotates with the motor rotor 100. The motor stator 200 is rotationally connected to the motor shaft 300 so that the motor shaft 300 can rotate relative to the motor stator 200, converting electric energy into mechanical energy. The output end of the motor shaft 300 is used to transmit mechanical energy.

[0074] During motor operation, permanent magnets in a shifting magnetic field generate eddy currents. These eddy current losses increase heat generation, and rising temperatures increase the risk of demagnetization. Furthermore, electromagnetic interference and mechanical vibration can also cause irreversible demagnetization of permanent magnets. Poor demagnetization resistance can easily reduce motor and powertrain efficiency, negatively impacting vehicle performance.

[0075] The embodiment of the present application improves the structure of the permanent magnet 110 in the motor rotor 100 to facilitate adjustment of the performance distribution of multiple magnetic steels 111 in the permanent magnet 110 according to different application scenarios, which is beneficial to reducing the demagnetization risk of the permanent magnet 110.

[0076] See also Figures 4 to 6 , Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the motor 11 provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown. Figure 5 A structural diagram and a coercive force distribution diagram of the permanent magnet 110 provided in an embodiment of the present application are shown in FIG. Figure 6 A structural diagram and residual magnetism distribution diagram of the permanent magnet 110 provided in the embodiment of the present application. In order to facilitate the display of the structure of the motor rotor 100, Figure 4 Eliminate windings.

[0077] Figure 5 and Figure 6 "Hc" and "Br" represent the coercive force and remanence respectively, and "M" represents each magnet in different positions in the permanent magnet. The distribution of the coercive force and remanence corresponding to each magnet is a straight line parallel to the first direction, indicating that the magnetic properties of each magnet in the permanent magnet are consistent. Figure 5 and Figure 6 The description also applies to this application Figures 9 to 12 .

[0078] In one embodiment, if Figure 4 As shown, the motor rotor 100 of the motor 11 includes a plurality of permanent magnets 110, and the plurality of permanent magnets 110 are arranged at intervals. Figures 4 to 6 As shown, each permanent magnet 110 includes a plurality of magnetic steels 111, and the plurality of magnetic steels 111 are arranged adjacent to each other along the first direction A. Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the coercive force of one magnetic steel 111 among the multiple magnetic steels 111 is not equal to the coercive force of another magnetic steel 111, and the remanence of one magnetic steel 111 is not equal to the remanence of another magnetic steel 111 among the multiple magnetic steels 111. Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, the width of one magnetic steel 111 along a first direction A is not equal to the width of another magnetic steel 111, nor is the width of the third magnetic steel 111 equal to the width of the fourth magnetic steel 111. The first direction A is perpendicular to the axial direction O of the motor 11. For ease of description, one magnetic steel 111 is referred to as magnetic steel 111a, another magnetic steel 111 is referred to as magnetic steel 111b, and the third magnetic steel 111 is referred to as magnetic steel 111c.

[0079] In the embodiment of the present application, the first direction A is parallel to the arrangement direction of the multiple magnetic steels 111 in each permanent magnet 110. In one embodiment, depending on the arrangement of the multiple permanent magnets 110, the first directions A corresponding to different permanent magnets 110 may be parallel to each other or may intersect. In one embodiment, the second direction B is parallel to the magnetization direction of each permanent magnet 110. The number of magnetic steels 111 in each permanent magnet 110 can be a positive integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0080] In the embodiment of the present application, the distribution of coercive force and residual magnetism in the permanent magnet 110 has an important influence on the performance of the motor and needs to be adjusted according to the actual situation. Specifically, the application scenarios and arrangement methods of the permanent magnet 110 are different, and accordingly, the positions of the permanent magnet 110 that are prone to demagnetization are also different. Coercive force is used to describe the ability of the permanent magnet 110 to maintain its original magnetization direction unchanged when subjected to an external magnetic field. The coercive force of the part of the permanent magnet 110 that is prone to demagnetization needs to be higher. In addition, residual magnetism is used to describe the magnetization intensity retained when the magnetized permanent magnet 110 is no longer affected by the external magnetic field. The distribution of residual magnetism in the permanent magnet 110 will affect the sinusoidality of the magnetic field of the motor rotor 100.

[0081] If the permanent magnet 110 of the motor rotor 100 adopts an integrated structure, combined with the method of locally diffusing heavy rare earth elements, although the distribution of coercive force and remanence can be adjusted, it will have a negative impact on the performance consistency of the permanent magnet 110, resulting in an uneven magnetic field of the motor 11, and will also increase the difficulty of process control and performance testing. In the embodiment of the present application, each permanent magnet 110 is divided into a plurality of adjacently arranged magnetic steels 111, the coercive forces of the magnetic steels 111a and the magnetic steels 111b are not equal to each other, and the remanence of the magnetic steels 111a and the magnetic steels 111c are not equal to each other, thereby achieving free adjustment of the coercive force and remanence in the permanent magnet 110, so that the permanent magnet 110 can adapt to different application scenarios and arrangement methods. Since the embodiment of the present application can avoid the use of a local diffusion method, it is beneficial to improve the overall consistency of the permanent magnet 110 and reduce the torque fluctuation of the motor 11. In one embodiment, the multiple magnetic steels 111 of each permanent magnet 110 are fixedly connected along a first direction A, and the fixed connection method can be bonding or welding.

[0082] In an embodiment of the present application, the coercive force or remanence of at least two of the multiple magnets 111 of each permanent magnet 110 are not equal. Since it is difficult to directly judge the order of the coercive force and remanence of each magnet 111, during the installation process of the permanent magnet 110, there may be a situation where the arrangement is wrong due to mixing of materials, so that the coercive force and remanence of the permanent magnet 110 cannot reach the preset distribution, resulting in a negative impact on the anti-demagnetization performance of the permanent magnet 110. In an embodiment of the present application, the width of each magnet 111 in the permanent magnet 110 is an external property that can be directly observed. Establishing a connection between the coercive force and remanence of the magnet 111 and the width of the magnet 111 is conducive to avoiding the misoperation of mixing of materials during the installation process of the permanent magnet 110, and ensuring that the distribution of the coercive force and remanence in the permanent magnet 110 can help improve the performance of the motor. In addition, using only the width to simultaneously distinguish the coercive force and remanence properties is beneficial to reducing the processing difficulty and cost of each magnetic steel 111 in the permanent magnet 110.

[0083] It should be noted that in the embodiment of the present application, the number of magnetic steels 111 of each permanent magnet 110 is not limited to the number shown in the drawings of the embodiment of the present application. In one embodiment, the number of magnetic steels 111 of each permanent magnet 110 is a positive integer greater than or equal to 3.

[0084] Please continue reading Figure 4 In one embodiment, the motor rotor 100 further includes a rotor core 120 having a plurality of magnetic steel slots 121 extending through the rotor core 120 along the axial direction O of the motor 11. Each magnetic steel slot 121 is configured to accommodate a permanent magnet 110. The width of the permanent magnet 110 within each magnetic steel slot 121 along the first direction A is less than or equal to the width of each magnetic steel slot 121.

[0085] Please continue reading Figure 5 and Figure 6 In one embodiment, the heights of the plurality of magnets 111 along the second direction B are equal, and the second direction B is perpendicular to the axial direction O of the motor 11. The coercive force and remanence of two magnets 111 among the plurality of magnets 111 are equal, and the widths of the two magnets 111 along the first direction A are equal.

[0086] The present embodiment adjusts the width of the magnets 111, one of the purposes of which is to facilitate direct differentiation of the magnitude relationship between the coercive force and remanence of different magnets 111. Only when the coercive force and remanence of two magnets 111 are equal are the widths of the two magnets 111 equal. This helps avoid a chaotic arrangement of magnets 111 with different magnetic properties, ensures that the coercive force and remanence of the permanent magnet 110 achieve a predetermined distribution, and reduces the difficulty and cost of processing the permanent magnet 110. The equal heights of the multiple magnets 111 help reduce the difficulty and cost of processing the magnets 111, maintain the consistency of the magnets 111, and avoid reducing the fill rate of the magnets 111 within the magnet slots.

[0087] In one embodiment, the remanence of the magnetic steel 111a is equal to that of the magnetic steel 111b, the coercivity of the magnetic steel 111a is equal to that of the magnetic steel 111c, and the width of the magnetic steel 111b along the first direction A is not equal to the width of the magnetic steel 111c.

[0088] In the embodiment of the present application, in terms of magnetic properties, only the coercive force between the magnet 111a and the magnet 111b is unequal, and only the remanence between the magnet 111a and the magnet 111c is unequal. The coercive force and remanence of the magnet 111b and the magnet 111c are unequal. Regardless of whether only one magnetic property is unequal or both magnetic properties are unequal, the widths of the magnet 111a, the magnet 111b and the magnet 111c are unequal, taking into account the regulation of the coercive force and remanence distribution, so that the coercive force and remanence of the permanent magnet 110 can be adjusted according to different arrangement methods or application scenarios.

[0089] Please continue reading Figure 5 and Figure 6 In one embodiment, among the plurality of magnets 111 , magnet 111 a has the smallest coercive force, the width of magnet 111 a is greater than the width of magnet 111 b along the first direction A, and the heavy rare earth element content of magnet 111 a is less than that of magnet 111 b.

[0090] The difference between the remanence of the magnetic steel 111c and the remanence of the magnetic steel 111a is smaller than the difference between the remanence of the magnetic steel 111b and the remanence of the magnetic steel 111a. The difference between the width of the magnetic steel 111c and the width of the magnetic steel 111a along the first direction A is smaller than the difference between the width of the magnetic steel 111b and the width of the magnetic steel 111a.

[0091] In an embodiment of the present application, the width of the magnet 111 with the smallest coercive force will affect the cost of the permanent magnet 110. The permanent magnet 110 of the motor rotor 100 is usually made of rare earth elements. For example, the permanent magnet 110 of the embodiment of the present application is a neodymium iron boron permanent magnet. The magnetic properties of rare earth permanent magnets are better than those of ferrite permanent magnets, but rare earth permanent magnets still have the risk of demagnetization. In order to improve the anti-demagnetization ability of rare earth permanent magnets, heavy rare earth elements can be added to the permanent magnet 110. The content of heavy rare earth elements has a positive correlation with the coercive force of the magnet 111. However, due to the price of heavy rare earth elements, it is necessary to control the content of heavy rare earth elements in rare earth permanent magnets. In the embodiment of the present application, the heavy rare earth element content of the magnet 111b is higher than that of the magnet 111a, and the width of the magnet 111b is lower than that of the magnet 111a. By adjusting the width, not only can the magnet 111a and the magnet 111b be accurately distinguished, but it is also beneficial to reduce the heavy rare earth element content in the permanent magnet 110 and reduce the cost of the motor 11.

[0092] In the embodiments of the present application, magnets 111 with unequal magnetic properties also have unequal widths. Taking magnets 111a, 111b, and 111c as an example, in the process of distinguishing magnetic properties, the coercive forces of the three magnets 111 can first be sorted by the magnitude relationship of their widths, so that the coercive force of the permanent magnet 110 achieves a predetermined distribution. At this point, the relative positions of the three magnets 111 are preliminarily determined. The three magnets 111 are then divided into different orders based on the magnitude relationship of their coercive forces. For example, magnet 111a has the smallest coercive force, while magnets 111b and 111c both have greater coercive forces than magnet 111a. Therefore, magnets 111b and 111c can be classified into the same order. Magnetic steel 111b and magnetic steel 111c of the same order are then distinguished. The relative magnitude of the residual magnetization is determined by comparing the difference between the widths of magnetic steel 111b and magnetic steel 111c with the width of magnetic steel 111a, thereby further determining the relative positions of magnetic steel 111b and magnetic steel 111c of the same order. In one embodiment, the number of magnetic steels 111 within each order is less than or equal to 3 to improve the accuracy of determining the magnitude relationship of the residual magnetization.

[0093] See also Figure 7 , Figure 7Another structural schematic diagram of the permanent magnet 110 provided in an embodiment of the present application. In one embodiment, when the number of magnets 111 of a permanent magnet 110 is large and the distribution of coercive force and remanence is relatively complex, it is possible to consider additionally changing the height of the magnets 111, that is, utilizing the size relationship of the width of the magnets 111 to achieve the sorting of the coercive force, and utilizing the size relationship of the height of the magnets 111 to achieve the sorting of the remanence. In this case, two magnets 111 with equal coercive force and unequal remanence can be distinguished only by height, and two magnets 111 with unequal coercive force and equal remanence can be distinguished only by width. It should be noted that in order to ensure that the slot fill rate of the magnet 111 in the magnet slot is not negatively affected, the height of the magnet slot along the second direction needs to be adjusted accordingly with the height of the magnet along the second direction.

[0094] In one embodiment, the arrangement of the plurality of magnets 111 of the permanent magnet 110 may be V-shaped, double V-shaped, double V plus straight, etc. Depending on the arrangement of the magnets 111, the distribution of the coercive force and remanent magnetism of the permanent magnet 110 may also vary, and the shape and size may also be adjusted accordingly.

[0095] The following describes the corresponding relationship between the magnetic performance distribution and size of the permanent magnets 110 arranged in a V-shape in an embodiment of the present application.

[0096] See also Figures 8 to 10 , Figure 8 Another schematic diagram of the motor 11 provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown. Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the permanent magnet 110 and a schematic diagram of the coercive force distribution provided in an embodiment of the present application are shown in FIG. Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the permanent magnet 110 and a schematic diagram of the residual magnetization distribution provided in the embodiment of the present application. It should be noted that: Figure 8 The arrangement of the plurality of permanent magnets 110 is only schematically shown. The shape and size of each permanent magnet 110 in the embodiment of the present application are not limited to Figure 8 The structure shown.

[0097] In one embodiment, the plurality of magnets 111 of each permanent magnet 110 include a first magnet 1111 and a second magnet 1112 , which are arranged along a first direction on both sides of the other magnets 111 in the plurality of magnets 111 .

[0098] The two permanent magnets 110 are arranged adjacent to each other along the circumferential direction C of the motor 11. The angle formed by the two permanent magnets 110 is oriented toward the outer circumferential surface of the motor rotor 100, and the angle formed by the two permanent magnets 110 is less than 180 degrees. Along the circumferential direction C of the motor 11, the spacing between the two first magnetic steels 1111 of the two permanent magnets 110 is less than the spacing between the two second magnetic steels 1112 of the two permanent magnets 110.

[0099] The coercive force of each first magnet 1111 of the two permanent magnets 110 is greater than the coercive force of the other magnets 111 of the two permanent magnets 110, the remanence of each first magnet 1111 of the two permanent magnets 110 is greater than the remanence of each second magnet 1112 of the two permanent magnets 110, and in each permanent magnet 110 of the two permanent magnets 110, the difference between the width of a first magnet 1111 and the width of a second magnet 1112 along the first direction A is less than or equal to the difference between the width of the first magnet 1111 and the width of any other magnet 111 in the multiple magnets 111 except the first magnet 1111 and the second magnet 1112.

[0100] In the embodiment of the present application, for ease of description, the two permanent magnets 110 are respectively referred to as permanent magnet 110a and permanent magnet 110b, the first magnetic steel 1111 and the second magnetic steel 1112 of permanent magnet 110a are respectively referred to as first magnetic steel 1111a and second magnetic steel 1112a, and the first magnetic steel 1111 and the second magnetic steel 1112 of permanent magnet 110b are respectively referred to as first magnetic steel 1111b and second magnetic steel 1112b. Permanent magnets 110a and 110b are arranged in a V-shape, with the angle formed by the two opening toward the outer circumference of the motor rotor 100 and less than 180 degrees. The first magnetic steel 1111 and the second magnetic steel 1112 of each permanent magnet 110 are respectively located at the two ends of each permanent magnet 110. In which, along the radial direction R of the motor 11, the first magnetic steel 1111a and the first magnetic steel 1111b are farther away from the outer peripheral surface of the motor rotor 100 than the second magnetic steel 1112a and the second magnetic steel 1112b, and along the circumferential direction C of the motor 11, the distance between the first magnetic steel 1111a and the first magnetic steel 1111b is smaller than the distance between the second magnetic steel 1112a and the second magnetic steel 1112b.

[0101] In the embodiment of the present application, the permanent magnets 110a and 110b are arranged in a V-shape. The first magnetic steel 1111a and the first magnetic steel 1111b have greater anti-demagnetization requirements than the other magnetic steels 111 in the plurality of magnetic steels 111. Therefore, the embodiment of the present application adjusts the coercive force of the first magnetic steel 1111a and the first magnetic steel 1111b to be greater than that of the other magnetic steels 111, thereby improving the anti-demagnetization capability of one end of the permanent magnets 110a and 110b. The remanence of the first magnetic steel 1111a is greater than the remanence of the second magnetic steel 1112a, and the remanence of the first magnetic steel 1111b is greater than the remanence of the second magnetic steel 1112b. By adjusting the distribution of the remanence of the permanent magnets 110a and 110b, the sinusoidality of the rotor magnetic field can be optimized.

[0102] Taking permanent magnet 110a as an example, due to the unique positional characteristics of first magnetic steel 1111a and second magnetic steel 1112a, when first magnetic steel 1111a and second magnetic steel 1112a are classified into different orders, the order can be used to accurately position first magnetic steel 1111a and second magnetic steel 1112a. When first magnetic steel 1111a and second magnetic steel 1112a are classified into the same order, the difference in width between the first magnetic steel 1111a and second magnetic steel 1112a and the other magnetic steels 111 can be compared to distinguish the first magnetic steel 1111a and second magnetic steel 1112a based on the magnitude of their residual magnetism. The same principle applies to first magnetic steel 1111b and second magnetic steel 1112b of permanent magnet 110b.

[0103] Please continue reading Figures 8 to 10 In one embodiment, in at least one of the permanent magnets 110a or 110b, the coercive force of the second magnetic steel 1112 is greater than the coercive force of the other magnetic steels 111 in the plurality of magnetic steels 111, excluding the first magnetic steel 1111 and the second magnetic steel 1112. The difference between the width of the first magnetic steel 1111 and the width of the second magnetic steel 1112 along the first direction A is less than the difference between the width of the first magnetic steel 1111 and the width of any other magnetic steel 111 in the plurality of magnetic steels 111, excluding the first magnetic steel 1111 and the second magnetic steel 1112.

[0104] In the embodiment of the present application, taking permanent magnet 110a as an example, the second magnetic steel 1112a also has a relatively high anti-demagnetization requirement. The coercive force of the second magnetic steel 1112a is between that of the first magnetic steel 1111a and the other magnetic steels 111, which helps reduce the risk of demagnetization at both ends of the permanent magnet 110a. The first magnetic steel 1111a and the second magnetic steel 1112a are divided into the same order. Compared to the widths of the other magnetic steels 111 other than the first magnetic steel 1111a and the second magnetic steel 1112a, the width of the second magnetic steel 1112a is closer to the width of the first magnetic steel 1111a. Due to the smaller width of the first magnetic steel 1111a, the embodiment of the present application helps reduce the amount of heavy rare earth elements used in the permanent magnet 110, thereby controlling the cost of the motor rotor.

[0105] Please continue reading Figures 8 to 10 In one embodiment, in at least one of the permanent magnets 110a or 110b, the residual magnetism of the plurality of magnetic steels 111 decreases sequentially along the first direction from the first magnetic steel 1111 to the second magnetic steel 1112, and along the first direction A, the widths of the plurality of magnetic steels 111 other than the first magnetic steel 1111 and the second magnetic steel 1112 are not equal.

[0106] In the embodiment of the present application, taking permanent magnet 110a as an example, the residual magnetism decreases from the first magnetic steel 1111a to the second magnetic steel 1112a, which helps improve the sinusoidality of the air gap flux density waveform. After the positions of the first magnetic steel 1111a and the second magnetic steel 1112a have been determined, multiple magnetic steels 111 can be installed based on the different widths of the other magnetic steels 111 to achieve a distribution with decreasing residual magnetism.

[0107] Please refer to Figures 9 to 12 ,in Figure 11 and Figure 12 Schematic diagrams of various distributions of the coercive force and remanence of one of the two permanent magnets 110 with a V-shaped distribution provided in the embodiment of the present application. In the embodiment of the present application, taking the permanent magnet 110a as an example, Figure 11 and Figure 12 The direction from left to right in the permanent magnet 110a is parallel to the direction from the second magnetic steel 1112a to the first magnetic steel 1111a. Among the multiple magnetic steels 111 of the permanent magnet 110a, the coercive force of the first magnetic steel 1111a is the largest, and the coercive force of the second magnetic steel 1112a is greater than or equal to the coercive force of the other magnetic steels 111 in the multiple magnetic steels 111 except the first magnetic steel 1111a and the second magnetic steel 1112a. Based on the above distribution characteristics, the coercive force of the magnetic steel 111 arranged between the first magnetic steel 1111a and the second magnetic steel 1112a can be adjusted according to needs and is not limited to Figure 10 The distribution shown.

[0108] In the embodiment of the present application, among the multiple magnetic steels 111 of the permanent magnet 110a, the remanence of the first magnetic steel 1111a is the largest, and the remanence of the second magnetic steel 1112a is less than or equal to the remanence of the other magnetic steels 111 except the first magnetic steel 1111a and the second magnetic steel 1112a in the multiple magnetic steels 111. Based on the above distribution characteristics, the remanence of the magnetic steel 111 arranged between the first magnetic steel 1111a and the second magnetic steel 1112a can be adjusted according to needs and is not limited to Figure 11 The distribution shown.

[0109] It should be noted that Figure 11 and Figure 12 The relative magnitudes of the coercive force and remanence of the magnetic steel at different positions in the permanent magnet 110 a are only schematically shown and do not represent the actual differences in magnetic properties and sizes.

[0110] In one embodiment, the coercive forces and remanent magnetizations of the permanent magnets 110 a and 110 b are arranged in an axisymmetric manner with respect to the radial direction of the motor rotor 100 .

[0111] In the embodiment of the present application, the coercive forces of the permanent magnets 110a and 110b are symmetrically arranged. Since the coercive forces of the first magnetic steels 1111a and 1111b are relatively large, this helps improve the demagnetization resistance of the demagnetization-prone areas of the permanent magnets 110a and 110b. The remanent magnetization of the permanent magnets 110a and 110b is symmetrically arranged. Since the remanent magnetization of the permanent magnets 110a and 110b decreases in sequence, the overall remanent magnetization of the permanent magnets 110a and 110b exhibits a sinusoidal waveform, thereby generating a rotor magnetic field that is closer to a sinusoidal distribution.

[0112] In the embodiment of the present application, the magnetic properties of the permanent magnet 110a and the permanent magnet 110b are arranged symmetrically. Combined with the corresponding relationship between the coercive force, remanence and width in the embodiment of the present application, it can be seen that the sizes of the permanent magnet 110a and the permanent magnet 110b are also symmetrically distributed, so that the magnets 111 of different sizes in the permanent magnet 110a and the permanent magnet 110b are evenly distributed, which is beneficial to reducing the processing cost of the permanent magnet 110 and the torque fluctuation of the motor 11.

[0113] In one embodiment, the permanent magnets 110 a and 110 b form a magnetic pole unit, and the motor rotor 100 includes a plurality of magnetic pole units, which are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the motor 11 .

[0114] The following describes the corresponding relationship between the magnetic performance distribution and the size of the permanent magnets 110 arranged in a double V-shape in an embodiment of the present application.

[0115] Please refer to Figure 4 and Figure 12 , Figure 12 Another schematic diagram of a permanent magnet 110 provided in an embodiment of the present application. In one embodiment, the average spacing between the other two permanent magnets 110 and the outer circumference of the motor rotor 100 along the radial direction R of the motor 11 is greater than the average spacing between permanent magnets 110a and 110b and the outer circumference of the motor rotor 100. The widths of the other two permanent magnets 110 along the first direction are both greater than the widths of permanent magnets 110a and 110b. The angle formed by the other two permanent magnets 110 is toward the outer circumference of the motor rotor 100, and the angle formed by the other two permanent magnets 110 is smaller than the angle formed by permanent magnets 110a and 110b.

[0116] The coercive force of each first magnetic steel 1111 of the other two permanent magnets 110 is less than or equal to the coercive force of each first magnetic steel 1111 of the permanent magnets 110a and 110b, and the coercive force of each first magnetic steel 1111 of the other two permanent magnets 110 is greater than the coercive force of the other magnetic steels 111 of the other two permanent magnets 110. The width of each first magnetic steel 1111 of the other two permanent magnets 110 along the first direction is less than the width of each second magnetic steel 1112 of the other two permanent magnets 110.

[0117] In the embodiments of the present application, for ease of description, the other two permanent magnets 110 are respectively referred to as permanent magnet 110c and permanent magnet 110d. The first magnetic steel 1111 and the second magnetic steel 1112 of permanent magnet 110c are respectively referred to as first magnetic steel 1111c and second magnetic steel 1112c, and the first magnetic steel 1111 and the second magnetic steel 1112 of permanent magnet 110d are respectively referred to as first magnetic steel 1111d and second magnetic steel 1112d. Permanent magnets 110c and 110d are also arranged in a V-shape, with the angle formed by the two opening toward the outer circumference of the motor rotor 100 and being smaller than the angle formed by permanent magnets 110a and 110b. Permanent magnets 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d together form a double V-shaped arrangement.

[0118] In the embodiment of the present application, similar to the first magnetic steel 1111a, the anti-demagnetization requirements of the first magnetic steel 1111c and the first magnetic steel 1111d are greater than those of the other magnetic steels 111 in the permanent magnet 110c and the permanent magnet 110d. The embodiment of the present application adjusts the coercive force of the first magnetic steel 1111c and the first magnetic steel 1111d to be greater than the coercive force of the other magnetic steels 111 in the permanent magnet 110c and the permanent magnet 110d, which is beneficial to reducing the demagnetization risk of the first magnetic steel 1111c and the first magnetic steel 1111d.

[0119] Taking permanent magnet 110c as an example, based on the unique positional characteristics of first magnetic steel 1111c and second magnetic steel 1112c, when first magnetic steel 1111c and second magnetic steel 1112c are classified into different orders, the order can be used to accurately position first magnetic steel 1111c and second magnetic steel 1112c. When first magnetic steel 1111c and second magnetic steel 1112c are classified into the same order, the difference in width between them and other magnetic steels 111 in the plurality of magnetic steels 111 can be compared, and the magnitude of their residual magnetism can be used to distinguish first magnetic steel 1111a from second magnetic steel 1112a. The same principle applies to first magnetic steel 1111d and second magnetic steel 1112d of permanent magnet 110d.

[0120] In the embodiment of the present application, compared with the permanent magnet 110a and the permanent magnet 110b, the permanent magnet 110c and the permanent magnet 110d are farther away from the air gap between the motor stator 200 and the motor rotor 100 along the radial direction R of the motor 11, and the permanent magnet 110c and the permanent magnet 110d are relatively less susceptible to the air gap magnetic field. Therefore, the embodiment of the present application adjusts the coercive force of the first magnetic steel 1111c and the first magnetic steel 1111d to be less than or equal to the coercive force of the first magnetic steel 1111a and the first magnetic steel 1111b, which can reduce the amount of heavy rare earth elements in the first magnetic steel 1111c and the first magnetic steel 1111d and reduce the cost of the motor 11.

[0121] Please continue reading Figure 12In one embodiment, the ratio of the width of the first magnetic steel 1111 of each of the permanent magnets 110c and 110d to the sum of the widths of the plurality of magnetic steels 111 along the first direction is smaller than the ratio of the width of the first magnetic steel 1111 of each of the permanent magnets 110a and 110b to the sum of the widths of the plurality of magnetic steels 111.

[0122] In the embodiment of the present application, taking the permanent magnet 110a and the permanent magnet 110c as an example, since the demagnetization risk of the first magnet 1111c is less than that of the first magnet 1111a, the width ratio of the first magnet 1111c in the permanent magnet 110c is less than the width ratio of the first magnet 1111a in the permanent magnet 110a. This can not only ensure that the first magnet 1111a has a strong anti-demagnetization ability, but also control the heavy rare earth element content of each permanent magnet 110 in the motor rotor 100, taking into account both motor performance and cost.

[0123] In one embodiment, the coercive forces and remanent magnetizations of the permanent magnets 110 c and 110 d are arranged in an axisymmetric manner with respect to the radial direction of the motor rotor 100 .

[0124] In the embodiment of the present application, the magnetic properties of the permanent magnet 110c and the permanent magnet 110d are symmetrically arranged. Combined with the corresponding relationship between the coercive force, remanence and width in the embodiment of the present application, it can be seen that the sizes of the permanent magnet 110c and the permanent magnet 110d are also symmetrically distributed, so that the magnets 111 of different sizes in the permanent magnet 110c and the permanent magnet 110d are evenly distributed, which is beneficial to reducing the processing cost of the permanent magnet 110 and the torque fluctuation of the motor 11.

[0125] It should be noted that the various distributions of coercive force and remanence in the permanent magnets 110a and 110b are also applicable to the permanent magnets 110c and 110d.

[0126] In one embodiment, the permanent magnets 110 a , 110 b , 110 c and 110 d form a magnetic pole unit, and the motor rotor 100 includes a plurality of magnetic pole units, which are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction C of the motor 11 .

[0127] The following describes the corresponding relationship between the magnetic performance distribution and size of the permanent magnets 110 arranged in a double V plus a straight line according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0128] See also Figure 13 , Figure 13 Another schematic diagram of the motor 11 provided in an embodiment of the present application. In one embodiment, a permanent magnet 110 is arranged between permanent magnets 110a and 110b along the circumferential direction C of the motor 11, and the average spacing between the permanent magnet 110 and the motor rotor 100 along the radial direction R of the motor 11 is smaller than the average spacing between permanent magnets 110a and 110b and the outer circumferential surface of the motor rotor 100.

[0129] Furthermore, the remanence of the first magnetic steel 1111 and the remanence of the second magnetic steel 1112 of the permanent magnet 110 are both smaller than the remanence of the other magnetic steels 111 among the multiple magnetic steels 111 except the first magnetic steel 1111 and the second magnetic steel 1112. Furthermore, the coercive force of the first magnetic steel 1111 of the permanent magnet 110 is greater than the coercive force of the other magnetic steels 111 among the multiple magnetic steels 111 except the first magnetic steel 1111 and the second magnetic steel 1112.

[0130] The width of the first magnetic steel 1111 of another permanent magnet 110 along the first direction A is smaller than the widths of the other magnetic steels 111 except the first magnetic steel 1111 and the second magnetic steel 1112 among the plurality of magnetic steels 111 .

[0131] In the embodiment of the present application, for ease of description, the further permanent magnet 110 is referred to as permanent magnet 110e, and the first magnetic steel 1111 and the second magnetic steel 1112 of permanent magnet 110e are referred to as first magnetic steel 1111e and second magnetic steel 1112e, respectively. Permanent magnets 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d, and 110e together form a double V-plus-I arrangement.

[0132] In the embodiment of the present application, in the inline permanent magnet 110e, the first magnetic steel 1111e is relatively susceptible to demagnetization. Therefore, the coercive force of the first magnetic steel 1111e is greater than that of the other magnetic steels 111, which helps improve the demagnetization resistance of the permanent magnet 110. Unlike the remanence of multiple permanent magnets 110 arranged in a V-shape, which form a sinusoidal distribution, the ideal distribution of the remanence of the inline magnetic steel 111 is to form a sinusoidal distribution. Therefore, the magnetic steel 111 with the largest remanence in the permanent magnet 110e is located between the first magnetic steel 1111 and the second magnetic steel 1112. The width of the magnetic steel 111 with the largest remanence in the permanent magnet 110e is greater than that of the first magnetic steel 1111, which allows for both rapid identification of magnetic steels 111 with different performance characteristics and control of the heavy rare earth element content.

[0133] Please continue reading Figure 13 In one embodiment, the ratio of the width of the first magnetic steel 1111 of another permanent magnet 110 to the sum of the widths of the multiple magnetic steels 111 along the first direction A is greater than the ratio of the width of the first magnetic steel 1111 of each permanent magnet 110 in permanent magnet 110c and permanent magnet 110d to the sum of the widths of the multiple magnetic steels 111.

[0134] In the embodiment of the present application, taking permanent magnet 110e and permanent magnet 110c as an example, since the demagnetization risk of the first magnet 1111e is greater than that of the first magnet 1111c, the width ratio of the first magnet 1111e in the permanent magnet 110e is greater than the width ratio of the first magnet 1111c in the permanent magnet 110c. This can not only ensure that the first magnet 1111e has a strong anti-demagnetization ability, but also control the heavy rare earth element content of each permanent magnet 110 in the motor rotor 100, taking into account both motor performance and cost.

[0135] In one embodiment, the coercive force of the first magnetic steel 1111e and the second magnetic steel 1112e of the permanent magnet 110e is greater than the coercive force of the other magnetic steels 111 in the plurality of magnetic steels 111 except the first magnetic steel 1111e and the second magnetic steel 1112e. Along the first direction A, the width of the first magnetic steel 1111e and the second magnetic steel 1112e of the permanent magnet 110e is smaller than the width of the other magnetic steels 111 in the plurality of magnetic steels 111 except the first magnetic steel 1111e and the second magnetic steel 1112e.

[0136] The motor, powertrain, and vehicle provided in the embodiments of the present application are described in detail above. Specific examples are used herein to illustrate the principles and embodiments of the present application. The description of the above embodiments is intended only to help understand the method and core concept of the present application. At the same time, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the specific embodiments and scope of application may vary based on the concepts of the present application. In summary, the contents of this specification should not be construed as limiting the present application.

Claims

1. A motor, characterized in that: The motor rotor of the motor includes a plurality of permanent magnets, the plurality of permanent magnets are arranged at intervals, each of the permanent magnets includes a plurality of magnetic steels, and the plurality of magnetic steels are arranged adjacent to each other along a first direction, wherein: The coercive force of one of the multiple magnetic steels is not equal to the coercive force of another of the multiple magnetic steels, the remanence of the one magnetic steel is not equal to the remanence of another of the multiple magnetic steels, and the width of the one magnetic steel along the first direction is not equal to the width of the another magnetic steel and the width of the yet another magnetic steel, and the first direction is perpendicular to the axial direction of the motor.

2. The motor according to claim 1, characterized in that The heights of the plurality of magnetic steels along a second direction are all equal, and the second direction is perpendicular to the axial direction of the motor; The coercive force and remanence of two of the plurality of magnetic steels are equal, and the widths of the two magnetic steels along the first direction are equal.

3. The motor according to claim 1, characterized in that The remanence of the one magnetic steel is equal to that of the other magnetic steel, the coercive force of the one magnetic steel is equal to that of the further magnetic steel, and the width of the further magnetic steel along the first direction is not equal to that of the further magnetic steel.

4. The motor according to claim 1, characterized in that Among the plurality of magnetic steels, the one magnetic steel has the smallest coercive force, the width of the one magnetic steel along the first direction is greater than the width of the other magnetic steel, and the content of heavy rare earth elements in the one magnetic steel is less than that in the other magnetic steel; The difference between the remanence of the further magnetic steel and the remanence of the one magnetic steel is smaller than the difference between the remanence of the further magnetic steel and the remanence of the one magnetic steel, and the difference between the width of the further magnetic steel and the width of the one magnetic steel along the first direction is smaller than the difference between the width of the further magnetic steel and the width of the one magnetic steel.

5. The motor according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The plurality of magnetic steels of each permanent magnet include a first magnetic steel and a second magnetic steel, and the first magnetic steel and the second magnetic steel are respectively arranged along the first direction on both sides of the other magnetic steels in the plurality of magnetic steels; The two permanent magnets are arranged adjacent to each other along the circumference of the motor, the angle formed by the two permanent magnets is toward the outer circumferential surface of the motor rotor, the angle formed by the two permanent magnets is less than 180 degrees, and the spacing between the two first magnetic steels of the two permanent magnets along the circumference of the motor is less than the spacing between the two second magnetic steels of the two permanent magnets; The coercive force of each of the first magnetic steels of the two permanent magnets is greater than the coercive force of the other magnetic steels of the two permanent magnets, the remanence of each of the first magnetic steels of the two permanent magnets is greater than the remanence of each of the second magnetic steels of the two permanent magnets, and in each of the two permanent magnets, the difference between the width of the one first magnetic steel and the width of the one second magnetic steel along the first direction is less than or equal to the difference between the width of the one first magnetic steel and the width of any other magnetic steel among the multiple magnetic steels except the one first magnetic steel and the one second magnetic steel.

6. The motor according to claim 5, characterized in that In at least one of the two permanent magnets, the coercive force of the second magnetic steel is greater than the coercive force of the other magnetic steels among the multiple magnetic steels except the first magnetic steel and the second magnetic steel, and the difference between the width of the first magnetic steel and the width of the second magnetic steel along the first direction is smaller than the difference between the width of the first magnetic steel and the width of any other magnetic steel among the multiple magnetic steels except the first magnetic steel and the second magnetic steel.

7. The motor according to claim 6, characterized in that In the at least one permanent magnet, the residual magnetism of the multiple magnetic steels decreases successively from the one first magnetic steel to the one second magnetic steel along the first direction, and the widths of the multiple magnetic steels except the one first magnetic steel and the one second magnetic steel along the first direction are not equal.

8. The motor according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that The coercive forces and residual magnetism of the two permanent magnets are arranged in an axisymmetric manner with respect to the radial direction of the motor rotor.

9. The motor according to claim 5, characterized in that The average distance between the other two permanent magnets and the outer peripheral surface of the motor rotor in the radial direction of the motor is greater than the average distance between the two permanent magnets and the outer peripheral surface of the motor rotor; the width of the other two permanent magnets in the first direction is greater than the width of the two permanent magnets; the angle formed by the other two permanent magnets is toward the outer peripheral surface of the motor rotor, and the angle formed by the other two permanent magnets is smaller than the angle formed by the two permanent magnets; The coercive force of each of the first magnetic steels of the other two permanent magnets is less than or equal to the coercive force of each of the first magnetic steels of the two permanent magnets, the coercive force of each of the first magnetic steels of the other two permanent magnets is greater than the coercive force of the other magnetic steels of the other two permanent magnets, and the width of each of the first magnetic steels of the other two permanent magnets along the first direction is less than the width of each of the second magnetic steels of the other two permanent magnets.

10. The motor according to claim 9, characterized in that A ratio of a width of the first magnetic steel of each of the other two permanent magnets to a sum of widths of the plurality of magnetic steels along the first direction is smaller than a ratio of a width of the first magnetic steel of each of the two permanent magnets to a sum of widths of the plurality of magnetic steels.

11. The motor according to claim 9, characterized in that The coercive forces and residual magnetism of the other two permanent magnets are arranged in an axisymmetric manner with respect to the radial direction of the motor rotor.

12. The motor according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that Another permanent magnet is arranged between the two permanent magnets along the circumferential direction of the motor, and an average distance between the another permanent magnet and the motor rotor along the radial direction of the motor is smaller than an average distance between the two permanent magnets and the outer circumferential surface of the motor rotor; The remanence of the first magnetic steel and the remanence of the second magnetic steel of the further permanent magnet are both smaller than the remanence of the other magnetic steels among the plurality of magnetic steels except the first magnetic steel and the second magnetic steel, and the coercive force of the first magnetic steel of the further permanent magnet is greater than the coercive force of the other magnetic steels among the plurality of magnetic steels except the first magnetic steel and the second magnetic steel; A width of the first magnetic steel of the further permanent magnet along the first direction is smaller than widths of the other magnetic steels among the plurality of magnetic steels except the first magnetic steel and the second magnetic steel.

13. The motor according to claim 12, characterized in that A ratio of a width of the first magnetic steel of the further permanent magnet to a sum of widths of the plurality of magnetic steels along the first direction is greater than a ratio of a width of the first magnetic steel of each of the other two permanent magnets to a sum of widths of the plurality of magnetic steels.

14. A powertrain, characterized in that: The powertrain includes a motor controller, a reducer, and the motor according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the motor controller is used to provide electrical energy to the motor, and the motor is used to be connected to the reducer for transmission.

15. A vehicle, characterized in that: The vehicle includes a frame, a battery pack and a powertrain as described in claim 14, wherein the frame is used to fix the battery pack and the powertrain, the battery pack is used to supply power to the motor through the motor controller, and the powertrain is used to drive the wheels of the vehicle through the motor.

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