Charging structure for smooth blasting

Abstract

The utility model discloses an explosive charging structure for smooth blasting. The explosive charging structure comprises a spacer, a detonating device, an explosive, a blocking object and a fixing device. Wherein the spacer is located at the bottom of a blast hole, and the length of the spacer is calculated according to the utilization rate of the blast hole; the detonating device is located in the hole bottom explosive and used for detonating the explosive; the explosive needs to be split along the axial direction, so that cartridges are distributed along the axial direction of a blast hole as far as possible; the blocking object is located at the hole opening; and the fixing device is used for fixing the explosive, so that smooth explosion propagation between the explosive cartridges can be realized. According to the smooth blasting charging structure, overexcavation of a front blasting overlapping area and a rear blasting overlapping area can be reduced, meanwhile, the axial charging length is prolonged, the purpose that smooth blasting can be conducted through one detonator is achieved, and therefore the overall blasting effect is improved. In addition, the charging structure is easy and convenient to operate and controllable in cost in practical application, has high social and economic effects and can be used for underground blasting engineering such as tunnels and roadways.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of blasting engineering, in particular to a charging structure for smooth blasting. Background Art

[0002] Drilling and blasting is commonly used for underground engineering due to its adaptability to geological conditions and low excavation costs. However, overbreak and underbreak must be minimized during construction. Engineering practice has shown that smooth blasting can effectively control overbreak and underbreak, and its parameter design is relatively mature, making it widely used in underground engineering.

[0003] As we all know, in order to achieve smooth blasting, a network of detonating cords is required to detonate axially spaced charges. However, with the gradual elimination of detonating cords and the widespread application of electronic detonators, if centralized charging is used in peripheral holes, the smooth blasting effect is not ideal; if segmented charging is used in peripheral holes and multiple electronic detonators are used for detonation, the cost will increase significantly, severely limiting its practical application. In addition, since the utilization rate of peripheral blastholes is not 100%, if traditional bottom-hole charging is used, repeated charging will occur in the overlapping areas of the previous and next blasting, resulting in serious over-excavation in the overlapping areas. In summary, the existing smooth blasting construction technology still has problems, such as the charging position and charging structure, which need to be further improved. Utility Model Content

[0004] The present invention aims to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art by providing a charging structure for smooth blasting. This charging structure requires splitting the explosive along the axial direction, followed by continuous or spaced charging (with spacing less than the sympathetic detonation distance), thereby maximizing the distribution of the charge along the axial direction of the blasthole and achieving smooth blasting with a single detonator. Furthermore, to avoid duplicate charging in overlapping areas of preceding and subsequent blasting, spacers are used to optimize the charge position, thereby reducing over-excavation in the overlapping area and improving the overall blasting effect.

[0005] The technical solution of the utility model to solve the above technical problems is:

[0006] A charging structure for smooth blasting, characterized in that it includes a spacer, a detonating device, explosives, a plugging object, and a fixing device; wherein the spacer is located at the bottom of the blasthole, and its length is calculated according to the blasthole utilization rate; the detonating device is located in the explosives at the bottom of the hole and is used to detonate the explosives; the explosives need to be split axially so that the explosive rolls are distributed as much as possible along the axial direction of the blasthole; the plugging object is located at the hole mouth; the fixing device is used to fix the explosives so that the explosion can be smoothly transmitted between the explosive rolls.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the medium in the spacer can be an inert material, such as air and water, and has a length of about 40 cm and a diameter slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the blasthole.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the detonating device has a relatively long delay time, such as an electronic detonator, to ensure that the explosives in the surrounding holes can be detonated simultaneously.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the explosive is No. 2 rock emulsion explosive, the diameter of which is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the blasthole, the sympathetic detonation distance is not less than 5 cm, the detonation velocity is not less than 3200 m / s, and the explosive needs to be split axially when charging, and axial continuous charging or spaced charging (the spacing is less than the sympathetic detonation distance) is adopted.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the plugging object has good plugging quality and its length is not less than 10 times the pore diameter.

[0011] The working principle of the charge structure of the utility model is:

[0012] The charging structure of this utility model uses spacers to adjust the position of the explosives, avoiding repeated charging in the overlapping area of the previous and subsequent blasts, thereby reducing over-excavation in the overlapping area. In addition, the charging structure requires the explosives to be split axially, and then charged continuously or at intervals (with the spacing less than the sympathetic detonation distance), so that the explosive rolls are distributed as much as possible along the axial direction of the blasthole, while achieving the goal of smooth blasting with a single blasting device, thereby improving the overall blasting effect.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0014] 1. The charging structure provided by the utility model optimizes the charging position, avoids repeated charging in the overlapping area of the front and rear blasting, thereby reducing over-excavation in the overlapping area and further reducing the amount of concrete used.

[0015] 2. The charge structure provided by the utility model enables the powder rolls to be distributed along the axial direction of the blasthole as much as possible, and can be detonated with one detonator, thus achieving the purpose of smooth blasting.

[0016] 3. The charge structure provided by the utility model is simple and easy to operate in practical application, which greatly improves the smooth blasting effect, thereby improving economic benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the charging structure for smooth blasting of the utility model.

[0018] Among them, 1-spacer, 2-detonating equipment, 3-explosives, 4-blocking material, 5-fixing equipment, 6-gun hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the embodiments and drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0020] Example 1

[0021] See also Figure 1 The utility model is a charging structure for smooth blasting, which includes a spacer 1, a detonating device 2, explosives 3, a plug 4, and a fixing device 5; wherein the spacer 1 is located at the bottom of the blasthole 6, and its length is calculated according to the utilization rate of the blasthole 6; the detonating device 2 is located in the explosives 3 at the bottom of the hole and is used to detonate the explosives 3; the explosives 3 need to be split axially so that the explosive rolls are distributed as much as possible along the axial direction of the blasthole 6; the plug 4 is located at the hole mouth; the fixing device 5 is used to fix the explosives 3 so that the explosion can be smoothly transmitted between the explosive rolls 3.

[0022] See also Figure 1 The diameter of the blasthole 6 is 40 mm and the length is 400 cm.

[0023] See also Figure 1 The spacer 1 is a PVC tube, the medium in the tube is air, and its diameter is 32 mm; since the utilization rate of the blast hole 6 is 90%, and since the length of the spacer = blast hole length * (1-blast hole utilization rate), the length of the spacer 1 is taken as 40 cm.

[0024] See also Figure 1 The detonating device 2 is an electronic detonator, which has a relatively long delay time, ensuring that the explosives 3 in the surrounding holes can be detonated simultaneously.

[0025] See also Figure 1 The explosive 3 is No. 2 rock emulsion explosive with a diameter of 32 mm, a sympathetic detonation distance of not less than 5 cm, and a detonation velocity of not less than 3200 m / s. It needs to be split axially when charging, and axial continuous charging is adopted.

[0026] See also Figure 1 The plug 4 is sand, its length is not less than 40cm, and the plugging quality is good.

[0027] See also Figure 1 The working principle of the smooth blasting charge structure of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0028] The charging structure of the present invention adjusts the position of the explosive 3 using a spacer 1, avoiding duplicate charging in the overlapping area of the preceding and subsequent blasts, thereby reducing over-excavation in the overlapping area. Furthermore, the charging structure requires axially splitting the explosive 3, followed by continuous or staggered charging (with spacing less than the sympathetic detonation distance), so that the explosive rolls 3 are distributed as much as possible along the axial direction of the blasthole 6. This also achieves the goal of smooth blasting even with a single explosive device 2, thereby improving the overall blasting effect.

[0029] The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the above content. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not deviate from the spirit and principles of the present invention should be considered as equivalent replacement methods and are included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A charging structure for smooth blasting, characterized in that: It includes a spacer, a detonating device, explosives, a plugging object, and a fixing device; wherein the spacer is located at the bottom of the blasthole, and the length of the spacer is calculated according to the blasthole utilization rate; the detonating device is located in the explosives at the bottom of the hole and is used to detonate the explosives; the explosives need to be split axially so that the explosive rolls are distributed axially along the blasthole; the plugging object is located at the hole mouth; the fixing device is used to fix the explosives so that the explosion can be smoothly transmitted between the explosive rolls.

2. The charge structure for smooth blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The medium in the spacer may be an inert material, and the diameter of the spacer is smaller than the inner diameter of the blasthole.

3. The charge structure for smooth blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detonating equipment has high delay accuracy, with a delay error of no more than 1.5ms, ensuring that explosives in surrounding holes can be detonated simultaneously.

4. The charge structure for smooth blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The explosive is axially continuously charged or spaced charged. If spaced charged, the spacing is smaller than the sympathetic detonation distance. The diameter of the explosive is smaller than the inner diameter of the blast hole. The sympathetic detonation distance is not less than 5 cm and the detonation velocity is not less than 3200 m / s.

5. The charge structure for smooth blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the plug is not less than 10 times the pore diameter.

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