Hydrogen fuel injector and injection system

Abstract

The utility model discloses a hydrogen fuel injector and an injection system, and relates to the technical field of fuel injectors for internal combustion engines, the hydrogen fuel injector comprises an injection part, a hydrogen inlet part, an electromagnetic control part and an oil inlet part which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, and a first pressure storage cavity and a second pressure storage cavity are arranged in the injection part; a cavity is formed in the electromagnetic control part, and an oil drainage channel communicating with the cavity is formed in the oil inlet part; and the electromagnetic control part is used for changing the hydraulic pressure in the first pressure storage cavity. Whether the spraying part sprays hydrogen or not can be accurately controlled through power-on and power-off of the electromagnetic valve control part, and the spraying duration of the hydrogen can be accurately controlled. The injection system comprises the hydrogen fuel injector and further comprises an oil inlet assembly communicated with the oil inlet part and an air inlet assembly communicated with the hydrogen inlet part. Through the arrangement of the oil inlet assembly and the gas inlet assembly, high-pressure oil and high-pressure hydrogen can be continuously and stably provided for the hydrogen fuel injector, and the use stability of the hydrogen fuel injector is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of fuel injectors for internal combustion engines, in particular to a hydrogen fuel injector and an injection system. Background Art

[0002] In response to global climate change, declining environmental quality, and energy shortages, "low carbon" or "decarbonization" is currently the primary direction of energy utilization internationally. Hydrogen is a highly sought-after new energy source. Its advantages, such as rapid combustion, high thermal efficiency, and clean, pollution-free operation, have led to its widespread application in the automotive industry, heavy machinery, shipping, and other fields. Hydrogen fuel injection technology holds great promise for its application. The complete combustion of hydrogen produces H2O, without the production of soot, hydrocarbons, or CO. Compared to traditional internal combustion engines, hydrogen internal combustion engines offer significant advantages: zero carbon emissions, high efficiency, high reliability, and low cost.

[0003] Currently, hydrogen internal combustion engines are categorized by hydrogen supply method: pre-injected (PFI) and direct-injected (DI). Hydrogen internal combustion engines using pre-injected hydrogen are prone to abnormal combustion phenomena such as pre-ignition and flashback, which directly impact the engine's power, fuel economy, and nitrogen oxide emissions. Direct-injection (DI) hydrogen internal combustion engines, on the other hand, effectively address pre-ignition and flashback issues while significantly improving power density. These engines have become a recent hotspot for hydrogen internal combustion engine development and have garnered significant attention from automotive companies and research institutions both domestically and internationally.

[0004] As a key component of a hydrogen internal combustion engine, the cycle injection duration and injection control accuracy of the hydrogen injector directly affect the performance of the engine; at the same time, hydrogen, as a gas medium, also has wear problems on the moving parts in the injector. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a hydrogen fuel injector with good injection control precision performance and capable of accurately controlling the injection duration of hydrogen.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a hydrogen fuel injector, comprising an injection part, a hydrogen intake part, an electromagnetic control part and an oil intake part, which are arranged in sequence from bottom to top, a first oil channel connected to the oil tank is provided in the oil intake part, a needle valve is provided in the injection part, a first pressure accumulation chamber connected to the first oil channel and arranged on the upper side of the needle valve and a second pressure accumulation chamber connected to the hydrogen intake part and arranged on the lower side of the needle valve are provided in the injection part, a cavity connected to the first pressure accumulation chamber is provided in the electromagnetic control part, and an oil drain channel connected to the cavity is provided in the oil intake part; the electromagnetic control part is used to change the size of the hydraulic pressure in the first pressure accumulation chamber.

[0007] The technical principle of the present invention is as follows: through the oil inlet and the first oil channel, the first pressure accumulator is filled with oil, and at the same time, the cavity is also filled with oil, forming hydraulic pressure. Through the hydrogen inlet, the second pressure accumulator is filled with hydrogen, forming air pressure. At this time, the hydraulic pressure is greater than the air pressure. Under the action of the hydraulic pressure, the needle valve seals the injection part to prevent hydrogen from spraying out. By energizing the solenoid valve control part, the oil drain channel can be opened, and the oil in the cavity flows out through the oil drain channel. The hydraulic pressure in the cavity decreases rapidly, and the hydraulic pressure in the first pressure accumulator connected to the cavity also decreases synchronously. The air pressure in the second pressure accumulator remains unchanged. At this time, the air pressure is greater than the hydraulic pressure. The air pressure overcomes the hydraulic pressure at the top of the needle valve and quickly lifts the needle valve, and the injection part sprays hydrogen.

[0008] When the solenoid valve control unit is powered off, the cavity will be filled with oil again. At this time, the hydraulic pressure is greater than the air pressure, and the needle valve is controlled to seal the injection unit to complete the hydrogen injection.

[0009] Furthermore, the electromagnetic control part includes a solenoid valve, an air control valve, an armature shaft, an armature disk and a first return spring. The hydrogen inlet part, the solenoid valve, the air control valve and the oil inlet part are arranged in sequence from bottom to top. A mounting groove is opened in the solenoid valve, and the first return spring is arranged in the mounting groove. The cavity is arranged on the surface of the air control valve away from the solenoid valve. An active cavity connected to both the mounting groove and the cavity is opened in the air control valve. The armature disk and the armature shaft are both arranged in the active cavity. The lower end of the armature shaft is abutted against the first return spring, and the upper end face of the armature shaft is abutted against the end face of the oil drain channel. A through hole connecting the cavity and the mounting groove is opened in the armature shaft. The armature disk is coaxially sleeved on the armature shaft, and a first gap is left between the armature disk and the upper end face of the solenoid valve. A wiring harness connector electrically connected to the solenoid valve is provided on the oil inlet.

[0010] Furthermore, a control flow channel is provided in the air control valve, the lower end of the first oil channel is connected to the control flow channel, and an oil inlet metering channel is provided between the first oil channel and the control flow channel. The upper end of the control flow channel is connected to the cavity, and an oil outlet metering channel is provided between the control flow channel and the cavity.

[0011] Furthermore, the injection part includes a needle valve body and an intermediate body, the intermediate body is arranged on the lower side of the hydrogen inlet part, the needle valve body is arranged on the lower side of the intermediate body, the needle valve is arranged in the needle valve body, the first pressure storage chamber is opened in the intermediate body, the second pressure storage chamber is opened in the needle valve body, a second return spring is arranged in the first pressure storage chamber, the lower end of which is against the upper end of the needle valve, the lower side of the needle valve is arranged in the second pressure storage chamber, and an injection hole is opened at the lower end of the needle valve body. When the solenoid valve is not energized, the needle valve and the needle valve body are in a line sealing state on the conical surface.

[0012] Furthermore, an adjustment pad is provided between the second return spring and the needle valve.

[0013] Furthermore, the hydrogen inlet portion includes an inlet member and a receiving member, the inlet member is provided with a receiving groove for accommodating the receiving member, the solenoid valve is arranged on the receiving member, and the upper side of the inlet member is sleeved outside the solenoid valve, and the lower side of the inlet member is arranged on the intermediate body;

[0014] A first hydrogen channel is provided in the air inlet member, a second hydrogen channel connected to the first hydrogen channel is provided in the intermediate body, and the second hydrogen channel is connected to the second pressure accumulation chamber. The second hydrogen channel is a stepped cylinder with a wide top and a narrow bottom.

[0015] Furthermore, the electromagnetic control part also includes a solenoid valve nut coaxially sleeved outside the solenoid valve and the air control valve and leaving a second gap between the solenoid valve and the air control valve, the movable cavity is connected with the second gap, and an injector nut coaxially sleeved outside the intermediate body is provided with a third gap between the intermediate body and the intermediate body, and the upper side of the injector nut is sleeved on the lower side of the hydrogen inlet part, the second gap is connected with the third gap, a return oil hole connected with the third gap is opened on the side wall of the injector nut, and an oil return channel connecting the receiving groove and the third gap is opened in the air intake part.

[0016] Furthermore, a protrusion is provided on the upper side of the intermediate body, the second hydrogen channel passes through the protrusion, and the end face of the second hydrogen channel and the surface of the protrusion are located on the same horizontal plane, and a sealing groove is provided on the protrusion coaxially with the second hydrogen channel.

[0017] Furthermore, a second oil channel connected to the oil tank is provided in the oil inlet part, a lubrication ring groove connected to the second oil channel is opened in the injection part, the lubrication ring groove is connected to the side wall of the needle valve, and a third oil channel is opened in the intermediate body, the lower side of which is connected to the lubrication ring groove, the upper side of the third oil channel passes through the protrusion, and the upper end surface of the third oil channel and the surface of the protrusion are located at the same horizontal plane, and the third oil channel is connected to the sealing groove.

[0018] Another object of the present invention is to provide an injection system that can stably provide high-pressure oil and high-pressure hydrogen to a hydrogen fuel injector.

[0019] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: an injection system, comprising the hydrogen fuel injector as described above, and also comprising an oil inlet assembly connected to the oil inlet part and an air intake assembly connected to the hydrogen air intake part.

[0020] Furthermore, the oil inlet assembly includes a high-pressure oil pump connected to the oil tank and an oil transfer pump arranged between the high-pressure oil pump and the oil tank. A first high-pressure common rail pipe is arranged between the high-pressure oil pump and the oil inlet part, and the oil drain channel and the oil return hole are both connected to the oil tank.

[0021] Furthermore, the air intake assembly includes a pressure reducing valve communicated with the gas storage tank and a second high-pressure common rail pipe arranged between the pressure reducing valve and the hydrogen intake portion.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the utility model are:

[0023] 1. Through the power on and off of the solenoid valve control unit, it is possible to accurately control whether the injection unit injects hydrogen and to control the injection duration of hydrogen;

[0024] 2. Through the setting of the lubrication ring groove, the oil can adhere to the surface of the needle valve, thereby reducing the wear between the needle valve and the needle valve body. At the same time, the oil can seal the hydrogen in the hydrogen pressure storage chamber to prevent the hydrogen from rising into the chamber filled with oil;

[0025] 3. The setting of the second hydrogen channel can increase the intake rate, reduce the pressure fluctuation during hydrogen injection, and improve the injection stability;

[0026] 4. Through the setting of the oil inlet assembly and the air inlet assembly, high-pressure oil and high-pressure hydrogen can be continuously and stably supplied to the hydrogen fuel injector, ensuring the stability of the use of the hydrogen fuel injector. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the utility model;

[0028] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional view of the utility model;

[0029] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0030] Figure 4 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of point B in the middle;

[0031] Figure 5 It is a perspective view of the oil inlet;

[0032] Figure 6 It is a perspective view of the air control valve;

[0033] Figure 7 is a perspective view of the air intake member;

[0034] Figure 8 A middleware perspective.

[0035] Figure 9 A top view of the middleware

[0036] Figure 10 is a perspective view of a needle valve body;

[0037] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the injection system.

[0038] In the above drawings:

[0039] 1. Oil inlet; 101. First oil channel; 102. Second oil channel; 103. Oil drain channel;

[0040] 2. Electromagnetic control unit; 201, solenoid valve; 2011, mounting slot; 202, air control valve; 2021, movable cavity; 2022, flow control channel; 2023, oil inlet metering channel; 2024, oil outlet metering channel; 2025, cavity; 203, armature shaft; 2031, through hole; 204, armature plate; 205, first return spring; 206, first gap; 207, solenoid valve nut; 208, second gap;

[0041] 3. Hydrogen inlet; 301. Inlet member; 3011. First hydrogen channel; 3012. Receiving tank; 302. Receiving member; 303. Oil return channel;

[0042] 4. Injection unit; 401. Needle valve; 402. Intermediate body; 4021. First pressure accumulator chamber; 403. Needle valve body; 4031. Second pressure accumulator chamber; 404. Second hydrogen channel; 405. Second return spring; 406. Adjustment pad; 407. Injector nut; 408. Third gap; 409. Oil return hole; 410. Protrusion; 4101. Sealing groove; 411. Lubrication ring groove; 412. Third oil channel;

[0043] 5. Wiring harness connector; 6. Engine oil tank; 7. High-pressure oil pump; 8. Oil transfer pump; 9. Air tank; 10. Pressure reducing valve; 11. First high-pressure common rail; 12. Second high-pressure common rail. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments; the structures described in various embodiments can be freely combined without any conflict in structure or principle.

[0045] In this utility model, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "installed," "connected," "connect," "fixed," etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integration; mechanical connection, electrical connection; direct connection, indirect connection through an intermediate medium, internal communication between two components, or interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this utility model based on specific circumstances.

[0046] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or are the orientations or positional relationships in which the utility model product is typically placed when in use. These terms are intended solely to facilitate the description of this utility model and simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., etc., are used solely for distinction and description, and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0047] Below with reference to accompanying drawing some embodiment of the present utility model is described:

[0048] like Figures 1-10 As shown, the utility model proposes a hydrogen fuel injector, comprising an injection part 4, a hydrogen intake part 3, an electromagnetic control part 2 and an oil inlet part 1, which are arranged in sequence from bottom to top. A first oil channel 101 connected to the oil tank is provided in the oil inlet part 1, a needle valve 401 is provided in the injection part 4, a first pressure accumulation chamber 4021 connected to the first oil channel 101 and arranged on the upper side of the needle valve 401 and a second pressure accumulation chamber 4031 connected to the hydrogen intake part 3 and arranged on the lower side of the needle valve 401 are provided in the injection part 4, a cavity 2025 connected to the first pressure accumulation chamber 4021 is provided in the electromagnetic control part 2, and an oil drain channel 103 connected to the cavity 2025 is provided in the oil inlet part 1; the electromagnetic control part 2 is used to change the size of the hydraulic pressure in the first pressure accumulation chamber 4021.

[0049] like Figure 2 As shown, through the oil inlet 1 and the first oil passage 101, the first pressure accumulator chamber 4021 is filled with oil, and simultaneously, the cavity 2025 is filled with oil, creating a hydraulic pressure. Cavity 2025 can have various forms, but is preferably an annular groove to facilitate the flow of oil within cavity 2025. Hydrogen is then introduced into the second pressure accumulator chamber 4031 through the hydrogen inlet 3, creating a gas pressure. At this point, the hydraulic pressure exceeds the gas pressure. Under the action of the hydraulic pressure, the needle valve 401 seals the ejection chamber 4, preventing hydrogen from being ejected. Powering the solenoid valve 201 control unit opens the oil drain passage 103, allowing the oil in cavity 2025 to flow out through it. The hydraulic pressure within cavity 2025 decreases rapidly, and the hydraulic pressure within the first pressure accumulator chamber 4021, which is connected to cavity 2025, also decreases simultaneously. The gas pressure within the second pressure accumulator chamber 4031 remains unchanged. At this point, the gas pressure exceeds the hydraulic pressure, rapidly lifting the needle valve 401 and ejecting hydrogen from the ejection chamber 4.

[0050] When the solenoid valve 201 control unit is powered off, the cavity 2025 is filled with oil again. At this time, the hydraulic pressure is greater than the air pressure, and the needle valve 401 is controlled to seal the injection unit 4, completing the hydrogen injection. The oil here can be selected from engine oil, diesel or other lubricating oil, and is preferably engine oil.

[0051] When the pressure of the hydrogen source remains constant, the injection duration of the hydrogen can be controlled by the solenoid valve 201 , thereby accurately controlling the injection amount of the hydrogen.

[0052] Further, if Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the electromagnetic control unit 2 includes a solenoid valve 201, an air control valve 202, an armature shaft 203, an armature plate 204 and a first return spring 205. The hydrogen inlet 3, the solenoid valve 201, the air control valve 202 and the oil inlet 1 are arranged in sequence from bottom to top. The solenoid valve 201 is provided with a mounting groove 2011, the first return spring 205 is arranged in the mounting groove 2011, the cavity 2025 is provided on the surface of the air control valve 202 away from the solenoid valve 201, and the air control valve 202 is provided with an active cavity that is connected to both the mounting groove 2011 and the cavity 2025. 2021, the armature plate 204 and the armature shaft 203 are both arranged in the movable cavity 2021, the lower end of the armature shaft 203 is in contact with the first return spring 205, the upper end face of the armature shaft 203 is in contact with the end face of the oil drain channel 103, and a through hole 2031 is opened in the armature shaft 203 to connect the cavity 2025 and the mounting groove 2011. The armature plate 204 is coaxially sleeved on the armature shaft 203, and a first gap 206 is left between the armature plate 204 and the upper end face of the solenoid valve 201. A wiring harness connector 5 electrically connected to the solenoid valve 201 is provided on the oil inlet part 1.

[0053] The upper end surface of the armature shaft 203 is in surface contact with the end surface of the oil drain channel 103. When the solenoid valve 201 is not energized, the upper end surface of the armature shaft 203 abuts against the end surface of the oil drain channel 103, sealing the oil drain channel 103 and preventing the oil in the cavity 2025 from flowing into the oil drain channel 103. Power is supplied to the solenoid valve 201 through the wiring harness connector 5. Under the action of electromagnetic force, the armature disk 204 is attracted to move downward, so that the armature disk 204 and the solenoid valve 201 are offset. The armature shaft 203 and the armature disk 204 have an interference fit. The armature disk 204 will drive the armature shaft 203 to move downward synchronously, compressing the first return spring 205. At this time, the armature shaft 203 is separated from the oil drain channel 103, and the oil in the cavity 2025 will flow to the oil drain channel 103. The pressure in the cavity 2025 will decrease. At the same time, the pressure in the first pressure accumulator chamber 4021 connected to the cavity 2025 will also decrease, that is, the injector will inject hydrogen.

[0054] At the same time, the engine oil can flow through the armature shaft 203 to the mounting groove 2011 to cool and lubricate the armature, thereby ensuring the stability of the electromagnetic control unit 2.

[0055] Further, if Figure 6As shown, a control flow channel 2022 is provided in the air control valve 202, and its lower end is connected to the first pressure accumulation chamber 4021. The lower end of the first oil channel 101 is connected to the control flow channel 2022, and an oil inlet metering channel 2023 is provided between the first oil channel 101 and the control flow channel 2022. The upper end of the control flow channel 2022 is connected to the cavity 2025, and an oil outlet metering channel 2024 is provided between the control flow channel 2022 and the cavity 2025.

[0056] The flow ratio between the oil outlet metering hole 2024 and the oil inlet metering channel 2023 or the oil outlet metering channel is 1.44, the diameter of the oil inlet metering hole is 0.55mm, the flow requirement is 1840ml / min, the diameter of the oil outlet metering hole is 0.65, and the flow requirement is 2660ml / min.

[0057] Through the above arrangement, when the oil in the cavity 2025 flows to the oil drain channel 103, the oil in the first oil channel 101 can be prevented from quickly filling the cavity 2025 again, thereby ensuring that the oil in the cavity 2025 flows away quickly and reducing the pressure in the cavity 2025.

[0058] Further, if Figure 2 、 Figure 8 、 Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, the injection portion 4 includes a needle valve body 403 and an intermediate body 402. The intermediate body 402 is arranged at the lower side of the hydrogen inlet portion 3, the needle valve body 403 is arranged at the lower side of the intermediate body 402, the needle valve 401 is arranged in the needle valve body 403, the first pressure accumulation chamber 4021 is opened in the intermediate body 402, and the second pressure accumulation chamber 4031 is opened in the needle valve body 403. A second return spring 405 is provided in the first pressure accumulation chamber 4021, the lower end of which is abutted against the upper end of the needle valve 401. The lower side of the needle valve 401 is arranged in the second pressure accumulation chamber 4031. The lower end of the needle valve body 403 is provided with an injection hole. When the solenoid valve 201 is not energized, the needle valve 401 and the needle valve body 403 are in a line sealing state on the conical surface.

[0059] The needle valve 401 has a structure that is thin at both ends and thick in the middle, and a certain transition shoulder is left at the contact position between the two ends and the middle. When the solenoid valve 201 is not energized, the oil pressure is slightly higher than the hydrogen pressure (higher than 1-2 bar). The pressure of the oil in the first pressure accumulation chamber 4021 acting on the equivalent cross-section of the tail of the needle valve 401 plus the preload force of the second return spring 405 jointly press the needle valve 401 against the needle valve body 403. When the solenoid valve 201 is energized, the pressure in the first pressure accumulation chamber 4021 decreases, and the hydrogen pressure contacts the transition shoulder on the lower side of the needle valve 401. Under the action of the air pressure, the oil pressure at the top of the needle valve 401 and the preload force of the second return spring 405 are overcome to lift the needle valve 401 and compress the second return spring 405 to complete the hydrogen injection.

[0060] When the solenoid valve 201 is powered off, the engine oil quickly fills the cavity 2025 and the first pressure accumulation chamber 4021 connected thereto, the pressure in the cavity 2025 and the first pressure accumulation chamber 4021 increases, and the needle valve 401 quickly seats under the action of the engine oil pressure and the preload force of the second return spring 405, closing the injection channel.

[0061] Further, if Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, an adjustment washer 406 is provided between the second return spring 405 and the needle valve 401 .

[0062] Adjusting washer 406 applies a preload to second return spring 405, ensuring that when solenoid valve 201 is de-energized, needle valve 401 abuts against the tapered surface of needle valve body 403, forming a seal and preventing hydrogen leakage. This also ensures that needle valve 401 can operate even under lower operating pressures in certain operating conditions (such as idling). For example, if the minimum opening pressure required for idling is 47 bar, then when the pressure differential between the upper and lower ends of needle valve 401 is greater than or equal to 47 bar, the preload of second return spring 405 is overcome, causing needle valve 401 to lift and eject hydrogen.

[0063] Further, if Figure 2 and Figure 7 As shown, the hydrogen inlet portion 3 includes an inlet member 301 and a receiving member 302. The inlet member 301 is provided with a receiving groove 3012 for accommodating the receiving member 302. The solenoid valve 201 is disposed on the receiving member 302. The upper side of the inlet member 301 is sleeved outside the solenoid valve 201, and the lower side of the inlet member 301 is disposed on the intermediate body 402.

[0064] A first hydrogen channel 3011 is provided in the air inlet 301 , a second hydrogen channel 404 communicating with the first hydrogen channel 3011 is provided in the intermediate body 402 , and the second hydrogen channel 404 is communicated with the second pressure accumulation chamber 4031 . The second hydrogen channel 404 is a stepped cylinder that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom.

[0065] External hydrogen can be introduced into the second pressure accumulation chamber 4031 through the first hydrogen channel 3011 and the second hydrogen channel 404. The number of the first hydrogen channels 3011 can be 2, 4, 6, etc. To ensure the air intake efficiency and production convenience, 4 are preferred here. The number of the second hydrogen channels 404 is the same as that of the first hydrogen channels 3011.

[0066] Hydrogen has a relatively low density, and the intake volume needs to be increased to meet the engine power requirements. Through simulation calculations, the second hydrogen channel 404 is designed as an intake channel structure with a larger upper portion and a smaller lower portion, which can increase the intake rate and reduce the pressure fluctuation during hydrogen injection, thereby improving the stability of the injection.

[0067] Further, if Figure 2As shown, the electromagnetic control part 2 also includes a solenoid valve nut 207 coaxially sleeved outside the solenoid valve 201 and the air control valve 202 and leaving a second gap 208 between the solenoid valve 201 and the air control valve 202, the movable cavity 2021 is connected to the second gap 208, and an injector nut 407 coaxially sleeved outside the intermediate body 402 is left with a third gap 408 between the intermediate body 402, and the upper side of the injector nut 407 is sleeved on the lower side of the hydrogen inlet part 3, the second gap 208 is connected to the third gap 408, and a return oil hole 409 connected to the third gap 408 is opened on the side wall of the injector nut 407, and an oil return channel 303 connecting the receiving groove 3012 and the third gap 408 is opened in the air inlet part 301.

[0068] The hydrogen intake part 3, the intermediate body 402 and the needle valve body 403 are screwed together through the threaded connection of the injector nut 407. The excess oil in the mounting groove 2011 can flow to the third gap 408 through the second gap 208, and then flow back to the fuel tank through the oil return hole. At the same time, the oil leaked from the connection between the various components can also flow to the third gap 408 through the third gap 408 or the oil return channel 303 and thus flow back to the fuel tank.

[0069] Further, if Figure 2 、 Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, a protrusion 410 is provided on the upper side of the intermediate body 402, the second hydrogen channel 404 passes through the protrusion 410, and the end face of the second hydrogen channel 404 is located on the same horizontal plane as the surface of the protrusion 410, and a sealing groove 4101 is provided on the protrusion 410 and is coaxially arranged with the second hydrogen channel 404.

[0070] The number of sealing grooves 4101 matches the number of second hydrogen channels 404. By providing the protrusions 410, a gap can be left between the intermediate body 402 and the air inlet 301. Filling the sealing grooves 4101 with engine oil can seal the connection between the first hydrogen channel 3011 and the second hydrogen channel 404, preventing hydrogen leakage.

[0071] Further, if Figure 2 、 Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, a second oil passage 102 communicating with the oil tank is provided in the oil inlet portion 1, a lubrication ring groove 411 communicating with the second oil passage 102 is provided in the injection portion 4, the lubrication ring groove 411 is connected to the side wall of the needle valve 401, and a third oil passage 412 is provided in the intermediate body 402, the lower side of which is connected with the lubrication ring groove 411, the upper side of the third oil passage 412 passes through the protrusion 410, and the upper end surface of the third oil passage 412 and the surface of the protrusion 410 are located at the same horizontal plane, and the third oil passage 412 is connected to the sealing groove 4101.

[0072] The lubrication ring groove 411 allows the engine oil to adhere to the surface of the needle valve 401, thereby reducing wear between the needle valve 401 and the needle valve body 403. The oil also seals the hydrogen in the hydrogen pressure accumulator chamber, preventing it from rising. The engine oil in the lubrication ring groove 411 flows through the third oil passage 412 to the sealing groove 4101, sealing the connection between the first hydrogen passage 3011 and the second hydrogen passage 404.

[0073] like Figure 11 As shown, an injection system includes the hydrogen fuel injector as described above, and also includes an oil inlet assembly connected to the oil inlet part 1 and an air inlet assembly connected to the hydrogen inlet part 3.

[0074] The hydrogen fuel injector in this injection system is a high-pressure direct-injection injector. Through the setting of the oil inlet component and the air intake component, it can continuously and stably provide high-pressure oil and high-pressure hydrogen to the hydrogen fuel injector, ensuring the stability of the hydrogen fuel injector.

[0075] Further, if Figure 11 As shown, the oil inlet assembly includes a high-pressure oil pump 7 connected to the oil tank and an oil delivery pump 8 arranged between the high-pressure oil pump 7 and the oil tank. A first high-pressure common rail pipe 11 is provided between the high-pressure oil pump 7 and the oil inlet part 1. The oil drain channel 103 and the oil return hole 409 are both connected to the oil tank.

[0076] The fuel tank in the present invention is isolated from the engine oil tank 6, eliminating the need for an additional fuel tank and resulting in a compact structure. A coarse filter and a fine filter are provided within the oil pump 8. The oil in the tank first passes through the coarse filter before entering the oil pump 8. The oil from the oil pump 8 then passes through the fine filter before entering the high-pressure oil pump 7, preventing impurities in the oil from affecting the hydrogen fuel injector. The high-pressure oil pump 7 pressurizes the oil, which then enters the first high-pressure common rail 11 to stabilize the pressure. Finally, the oil enters the hydrogen fuel injector through the oil inlet 1, providing the hydrogen fuel injector with stable, high-pressure oil. The oil in the hydrogen fuel injector then flows back into the fuel tank via the oil drain 103 and the oil return hole 409.

[0077] Further, if Figure 11 As shown, the air intake assembly includes a pressure reducing valve 10 connected to the gas storage tank 9 and a second high-pressure common rail pipe 12 provided between the pressure reducing valve 10 and the hydrogen intake portion 3 .

[0078] Currently, two common specifications for high-pressure hydrogen gas cylinders are 350 bar and 700 bar. The hydrogen fuel injector in this utility model is designed with a rated operating pressure of 300 bar, so a 350 bar pressure tank 9 is selected to store the hydrogen. At certain operating points (e.g., idling), a lower operating pressure may be required. A pressure reducing valve 10 reduces the hydrogen pressure in the tank 9 to the required operating pressure. The reduced-pressure hydrogen then enters the second high-pressure common rail 12 to stabilize the pressure before entering the hydrogen fuel injector through the hydrogen inlet 3, providing the hydrogen fuel injector with stable pressure. The pressure reducing valve is conventional and will not be described in detail here.

Claims

1. A hydrogen fuel injector, characterized in that: The invention comprises an injection part (4), a hydrogen inlet part (3), an electromagnetic control part (2) and an oil inlet part (1) which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top. A first oil passage (101) communicating with an oil tank is arranged in the oil inlet part (1). A needle valve (401) is arranged in the injection part (4). A first pressure accumulator (4021) communicating with the first oil passage (101) and arranged above the needle valve (401) and a second pressure accumulator (4031) communicating with the hydrogen inlet part (3) and arranged below the needle valve (401) are arranged in the injection part (4). A cavity (2025) communicating with the first pressure accumulator (4021) is arranged in the electromagnetic control part (2). An oil drain passage (103) communicating with the cavity (2025) is arranged in the oil inlet part (1). The electromagnetic control part (2) is used to change the hydraulic pressure in the first pressure accumulator (4021).

2. A hydrogen fuel injector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electromagnetic control part (2) comprises an electromagnetic valve (201), an air control valve (202), an armature shaft (203), an armature disc (204) and a first return spring (205); the hydrogen inlet part (3), the electromagnetic valve (201), the air control valve (202) and the oil inlet part (1) are arranged in sequence from bottom to top; a mounting groove (2011) is provided in the electromagnetic valve (201); the first return spring (205) is provided in the mounting groove (2011); a cavity (2025) is provided on a surface of the air control valve (202) away from the electromagnetic valve (201); and a movable cavity (2025) is provided in the air control valve (202) and is in communication with both the mounting groove (2011) and the cavity (2025). 2021), the armature disc (204) and the armature shaft (203) are both arranged in the movable cavity (2021), the lower end of the armature shaft (203) is against the first return spring (205), the upper end face of the armature shaft (203) is against the end face of the oil drain channel (103), a through hole (2031) is opened in the armature shaft (203) to connect the cavity (2025) and the mounting groove (2011), the armature disc (204) is coaxially sleeved on the armature shaft (203), and a first gap (206) is left between the armature disc (204) and the upper end face of the electromagnetic valve (201), and a wiring harness connector (5) electrically connected to the electromagnetic valve (201) is provided on the oil inlet portion (1).

3. A hydrogen fuel injector according to claim 2, characterized in that: A control flow channel (2022) whose lower end is in communication with the first pressure accumulator chamber (4021) is provided in the air control valve (202); the lower end of the first oil channel (101) is in communication with the control flow channel (2022); an oil inlet metering channel (2023) is provided between the first oil channel (101) and the control flow channel (2022); the upper end of the control flow channel (2022) is in communication with the cavity (2025); and an oil outlet metering channel (2024) is provided between the control flow channel (2022) and the cavity (2025).

4. A hydrogen fuel injector according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The injection portion (4) comprises a needle valve body (403) and an intermediate body (402). The intermediate body (402) is arranged at the lower side of the hydrogen inlet portion (3). The needle valve body (403) is arranged at the lower side of the intermediate body (402). The needle valve (401) is arranged in the needle valve body (403). A first pressure accumulating chamber (4021) is opened in the intermediate body (402). A second pressure accumulating chamber (4031) is opened in the needle valve body (403). A second return spring (405) is arranged in the first pressure accumulating chamber (4021), the lower end of which abuts against the upper end of the needle valve (401). The lower side of the needle valve (401) is arranged in the second pressure accumulating chamber (4031). A spray hole is opened at the lower end of the needle valve body (403). When the solenoid valve (201) is not energized, the needle valve (401) and the needle valve body (403) are in a line sealing state on the conical surface.

5. A hydrogen fuel injector according to claim 4, characterized in that: An adjustment pad (406) is provided between the second return spring (405) and the needle valve (401).

6. A hydrogen fuel injector according to claim 4, characterized in that: The hydrogen inlet portion (3) comprises an inlet member (301) and a receiving member (302); the inlet member (301) is provided with a receiving groove (3012) for accommodating the receiving member (302); the solenoid valve (201) is arranged on the receiving member (302); the upper side of the inlet member (301) is sleeved outside the solenoid valve (201); and the lower side of the inlet member (301) is arranged on the intermediate body (402); A first hydrogen channel (3011) is provided in the air inlet member (301), a second hydrogen channel (404) communicating with the first hydrogen channel (3011) is provided in the intermediate body (402), and the second hydrogen channel (404) is communicated with the second pressure accumulator chamber (4031), and the second hydrogen channel (404) is a stepped cylinder that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom.

7. The hydrogen fuel injector according to claim 5, characterized in that: The hydrogen inlet portion (3) comprises an inlet member (301) and a receiving member (302); the inlet member (301) is provided with a receiving groove (3012) for accommodating the receiving member (302); the solenoid valve (201) is arranged on the receiving member (302); the upper side of the inlet member (301) is sleeved outside the solenoid valve (201); and the lower side of the inlet member (301) is arranged on the intermediate body (402); A first hydrogen channel (3011) is provided in the air inlet member (301), a second hydrogen channel (404) communicating with the first hydrogen channel (3011) is provided in the intermediate body (402), and the second hydrogen channel (404) is communicated with the second pressure accumulator chamber (4031), and the second hydrogen channel (404) is a stepped cylinder that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom.

8. A hydrogen fuel injector according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: The electromagnetic control part (2) further comprises a solenoid valve nut (207) coaxially sleeved outside the solenoid valve (201) and the air control valve (202) and leaving a second gap (208) between the solenoid valve (201) and the air control valve (202); the movable cavity (2021) is communicated with the second gap (208); an ejector nut (407) coaxially sleeved outside the intermediate body (402) and leaving a third gap (408) between the intermediate body (402); the upper side of the ejector nut (407) is sleeved on the lower side of the hydrogen inlet part (3); the second gap (208) is communicated with the third gap (408); an oil return hole (409) communicating with the third gap (408) is opened on the side wall of the ejector nut (407); and an oil return channel (303) communicating with the receiving groove (3012) and the third gap (408) is opened in the air inlet part (301).

9. A hydrogen fuel injector according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: A protrusion (410) is provided on the upper side of the intermediate body (402), the second hydrogen channel (404) passes through the protrusion (410), and the end face of the second hydrogen channel (404) and the surface of the protrusion (410) are located on the same horizontal plane, and a sealing groove (4101) is provided on the protrusion (410) and is coaxially arranged with the second hydrogen channel (404).

10. A hydrogen fuel injector according to claim 9, characterized in that: The oil inlet portion (1) is provided with a second oil passage (102) connected to the oil tank, the injection portion (4) is provided with a lubricating ring groove (411) connected to the second oil passage (102), the lubricating ring groove (411) is connected to the side wall of the needle valve (401), the intermediate body (402) is provided with a third oil passage (412) whose lower side is connected to the lubricating ring groove (411), the upper side of the third oil passage (412) passes through the protrusion (410), and the upper end surface of the third oil passage (412) and the surface of the protrusion (410) are located at the same horizontal plane, and the third oil passage (412) is connected to the sealing groove (4101).

11. An injection system, characterized in that: The hydrogen fuel injector according to any one of claims 1 to 10 further comprises an oil inlet assembly communicating with the oil inlet portion (1) and an air inlet assembly communicating with the hydrogen inlet portion (3).

12. An injection system according to claim 11, characterized in that: The oil inlet assembly comprises a high-pressure oil pump (7) connected to the oil tank and an oil delivery pump (8) arranged between the high-pressure oil pump (7) and the oil tank. A first high-pressure common rail pipe (11) is arranged between the high-pressure oil pump (7) and the oil inlet portion (1). The oil drain channel (103) and the oil return hole (409) are both connected to the oil tank.

13. An injection system according to claim 11, characterized in that: The air intake assembly comprises a pressure reducing valve (10) communicated with the air storage tank (9) and a second high-pressure common rail pipe (12) arranged between the pressure reducing valve (10) and the hydrogen intake portion (3).

14. An injection system according to claim 12, characterized in that: The air intake assembly comprises a pressure reducing valve (10) communicated with the air storage tank (9) and a second high-pressure common rail pipe (12) arranged between the pressure reducing valve (10) and the hydrogen intake portion (3).

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