Charging structure for slotting blasting

Abstract

The utility model discloses a charging structure for underholing blasting. The charging structure comprises a detonating device, explosives, a spacer and a blocking object. Wherein the spacer and the explosive are arranged at intervals, and the length of the spacer does not exceed the sympathetic detonation distance of the explosive; due to the fact that the wave velocity of the shock wave in the spacer is a fixed value and is far smaller than the wave velocity of the explosive detonation wave, the detonation time between the explosive cartridges can be adjusted by adjusting the length of the spacer, and the explosive cartridges in the charging structure are detonated one by one. According to the cutting blasting charging structure, the delay time between the cartridges can be adjusted, so that a plurality of reflection tensile waves are formed on a tunnel face, damage and throwing of rocks are facilitated, the cutting effect is improved, and the overall blasting effect is improved. In addition, the charging structure is easy and convenient to operate and controllable in cost in practical application, has high social and economic effects and can be used for underground blasting engineering such as tunnels and roadways.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of blasting engineering, in particular to a charging structure for slot blasting. Background Art

[0002] Drilling and blasting is currently the primary method used for tunnel and roadway excavation due to its adaptability to geological conditions and low excavation costs. Unlike open-pit blasting, underground blasting only has a single free surface, necessitating the artificial creation of a new free surface through cutting. Wedge-shaped cuts are widely used due to their ease of construction and guaranteed effectiveness. However, for small-section tunnels, the limited space limits the cut angle and depth, significantly impacting blasting footage. Studies have shown that staged blasting within the cut can fully utilize the explosive energy, achieving optimal cut blasting results.

[0003] To improve blasthole utilization and blasting effectiveness, Chinese patent application No. 201711269836.1 discloses a method for high-efficiency, staged, and segmented slot blasting in deep rock tunnels. This method requires placing two detonators in the blasthole and setting the detonation time between them to achieve delayed blasting within the hole. However, with the gradual elimination of traditional nonel detonators and the widespread use of electronic detonators, the cost of staged detonators for in-hole detonation has increased significantly, severely limiting their widespread application. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of the utility model is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and provide a charging structure for slot blasting. The charging structure utilizes the sympathetic detonation characteristics of explosives to achieve the purpose of delayed detonation of explosives in the hole without the need for detonators, thereby forming a number of reflected tensile waves on the face of the tunnel, and at the same time bringing the explosives closer to the hole mouth, which is beneficial to the destruction and throwing of rocks, thereby improving the slotting effect and enhancing the overall blasting effect.

[0005] The technical solution of the utility model to solve the above technical problems is:

[0006] A charging structure for slot blasting, characterized in that it includes a detonating device, explosives, a spacer, and a blockage; wherein the spacer and the explosives are arranged at intervals, and the length of the spacer does not exceed the sympathetic detonation distance of the explosives; by adjusting the length of the spacer, the detonation time between the explosive rolls can be adjusted, and the explosive rolls in the charging structure can be detonated one by one.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the spacer may be a PVC tube, the medium in the tube may be air or water, and the diameter thereof is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the blasthole.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the detonating device may be a detonator or a detonating cord, which is generally located in the explosive coil at the orifice and is used to detonate the explosive.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sympathetic detonation distance of the explosive is related to the medium in the spacer, the diameter of which is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the blasthole, the sympathetic detonation distance of the emulsion explosive in air is not less than 5 cm, and the sympathetic detonation distance of the emulsion explosive in water is not less than 10 cm.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the length of the plug is not less than 20 times the hole diameter, and the plugging quality is good, and strong plugging methods can be used.

[0011] The working principle of the charge structure of the utility model is:

[0012] The charging structure of the present invention utilizes the sympathetic detonation characteristics of explosives and the principle that the velocity of the shock wave in the spacer is less than the detonation velocity of the explosives. By adjusting the length of the spacer, the detonation time between the explosive rolls can be adjusted, and the explosive rolls in the charging structure can be detonated one by one, thereby forming a number of reflected tensile waves on the tunnel face, and at the same time, the explosives are brought closer to the hole mouth, which is beneficial to the destruction and throwing of the rock, thereby improving the grooving effect and enhancing the overall blasting effect.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0014] 1. The charge structure provided by the utility model utilizes the sympathetic detonation characteristics of explosives, and can achieve the purpose of delayed detonation of explosives in the hole without the need for detonators, which has the advantage of controllable costs.

[0015] 2. The charging structure provided by the utility model can detonate the explosive cartridges in the charging structure one by one, thereby forming a number of reflected tensile waves on the tunnel face, while bringing the explosives closer to the hole mouth, promoting the destruction and throwing of rocks.

[0016] 3. The charging structure provided by the utility model is simple and easy to operate in actual application, which greatly improves the cutting effect, thereby increasing the blasting cycle footage and further improving the economic benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the charging structure for trench blasting according to the present invention.

[0018] Among them, 1-detonating equipment, 2-explosives, 3-spacers, 4-blocking materials, 5-gun holes. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the embodiments and drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0020] Example 1

[0021] See also Figure 1The utility model is a charging structure for slot blasting, which includes an explosive device 1, explosives 2, a spacer 3, and a blocker 4; wherein the spacer 3 is arranged at intervals from the explosives 2, and the length of the spacer 3 does not exceed the sympathetic detonation distance of the explosives 2; by adjusting the length of the spacer 3, the detonation time between the explosive rolls 2 can be adjusted, and the explosive rolls 2 in the charging structure can be detonated one by one.

[0022] See also Figure 1 The spacer 3 is a PVC tube, the medium in the tube is air, its diameter is 32 mm, and its length is 5 cm.

[0023] See also Figure 1 The detonating device 1 is selected as a No. 8 detonator, which is located in the explosive 2 roll at the hole and is used to detonate the explosive 2.

[0024] See also Figure 1 The explosive 2 is an emulsion explosive, the detonation distance of which is not less than 5 cm and the diameter is 32 mm.

[0025] See also Figure 1 The plug 4 is sand, and its length is not less than 80 cm. A strong plugging method is used to plug the holes to ensure good plugging quality.

[0026] See also Figure 1 The working principle of the charging structure for slot blasting of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0027] The charging structure of the present invention utilizes the sympathetic detonation characteristics of the explosive 2 and the principle that the wave velocity of the shock wave in the spacer 3 is less than the detonation velocity of the explosive 2. By adjusting the length of the spacer 3, the detonation time between the explosive rolls 2 can be adjusted, and the explosive rolls 2 in the charging structure can be detonated one by one, thereby forming a number of reflected tensile waves on the tunnel face, and at the same time making the explosive 2 closer to the hole mouth, which is beneficial to the destruction and throwing of the rock, thereby improving the grooving effect and enhancing the overall blasting effect.

[0028] The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the above content. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not deviate from the spirit and principles of the present invention should be considered as equivalent replacement methods and are included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A charging structure for slot blasting, characterized in that: The invention comprises an initiating device, explosives, a spacer and a blocking material; wherein the spacer and the explosives are arranged at intervals, and the length of the spacer does not exceed the sympathetic detonation distance of the explosives; by adjusting the length of the spacer, the detonation time between the explosive rolls can be adjusted, and the explosive rolls in the charge structure can be detonated one by one.

2. A charging structure for slot blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The medium in the spacer is air or water, and the diameter of the spacer is smaller than the inner diameter of the blasthole.

3. The charging structure for trench blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detonating device is located in the explosive roll at the hole and is used for detonating the explosive.

4. The charging structure for trench blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detonation distance of the explosive is related to the medium in the spacer, and the diameter of the explosive is smaller than the inner diameter of the blast hole.

5. The charging structure for trench blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the plug is not less than 20 times the pore diameter.

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