Solar panoramic sunroof and automobile

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of automobile sunroofs, and particularly discloses a solar panoramic sunroof and an automobile, which comprise a first protection panel and a perovskite thin film battery layer connected with the first protection panel, the perovskite thin-film battery layer comprises at least one first perovskite thin-film battery module and at least one second perovskite thin-film battery module which are connected with each other, and the light transmittance of the first perovskite thin-film battery module is greater than that of the second perovskite thin-film battery module through material design and thickness adjustment of a light absorption layer in the first perovskite thin-film battery module. And the first battery module with high light transmittance is close to an automobile driving position. According to the solar panoramic sunroof, on the premise that high power generation efficiency is guaranteed, light transmission is taken into consideration to guarantee driving safety, and the solar panoramic sunroof further has the advantages of being stable in structure, adaptive to a curved surface, light in weight, free of influence on lighting and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of automobile sunroofs, and in particular relates to a solar panoramic sunroof and an automobile. Background Art

[0002] With the booming automotive industry, while people enjoy convenient and efficient travel, they also have to face increasingly severe automotive energy issues. To reduce automobile dependence on traditional energy and reduce environmental pollution, the development of new automotive energy technologies is imperative.

[0003] At the same time, as people's requirements for car comfort and functionality continue to increase, the design of car sunroofs is also constantly innovating. Today, curved panoramic sunroofs have become a popular trend in car sunroofs. They can provide a wider field of view and good lighting effects in the car, significantly improving the driving experience. In addition, the application of solar cells has been very extensive in recent years, covering various aspects from household power supply to large-scale ground photovoltaic power generation systems. Among them, the combination of solar cells and car sunroofs can convert solar energy into electricity to power the car when the roof of the car receives sunlight. However, traditional solar cells are difficult to perfectly adapt to this curved sunroof glass structure. The reasons are explained as follows using traditional crystalline silicon solar cells as an example:

[0004] First, traditional solar cells are typically flat structures that don't fit well with curved glass sunroofs, making installation difficult. This not only affects the car's aesthetics but can also compromise its waterproofing due to poor sealing.

[0005] Secondly, traditional solar cells can affect the lighting of the panoramic sunroof. Due to the obstruction, some sunlight cannot enter the car through the sunroof, reducing the lighting effect inside the car and affecting driving comfort.

[0006] Furthermore, traditional solar cells can place excessive weight on the roof of a car. The weight of the solar cells themselves, combined with the weight of the mounting structure, increases the load on the roof, impacting the car's stability and handling. Furthermore, traditional solar cells have low photoelectric conversion efficiency, failing to fully utilize solar energy and providing sufficient power for the car.

[0007] To sum up, there is an urgent need to develop a solar panoramic sunroof technology that can perfectly adapt to the curved panoramic sunroof of a car, does not affect lighting, is lightweight and has high photoelectric conversion efficiency. This is of vital practical significance for promoting the sustainable development of the automotive industry.

[0008] In view of this, this utility model is proposed. Utility Model Content

[0009] The purpose of this utility model is to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned existing technologies and provide a solar panoramic sunroof and a car, which are mainly used to solve the many problems faced when traditional solar cells are combined with car curved panoramic sunroofs. This utility model aims to provide sufficient power support for the car through innovative design, thereby promoting the development of the automotive industry towards a more environmentally friendly, efficient and sustainable goal.

[0010] The purpose of this utility model is to solve the problem through the following technical solutions:

[0011] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a solar panoramic sunroof, comprising a first protective panel and a perovskite thin film battery layer connected to the first protective panel;

[0012] The perovskite thin film battery layer includes at least one first perovskite thin film battery module and at least one second perovskite thin film battery module connected to each other, and the transmittance of the first perovskite thin film battery module is greater than the transmittance of the second perovskite thin film battery module.

[0013] Furthermore, the first perovskite thin film battery module includes a first substrate, a first perovskite solar cell component and a first thin film encapsulation layer, and the first thin film encapsulation layer covers the upper surface and side surfaces of the first perovskite solar cell component;

[0014] Wherein, the first perovskite solar cell component has a first perovskite light absorption layer.

[0015] Furthermore, the thickness of the first perovskite light-absorbing layer ranges from 200 nanometers to 300 nanometers.

[0016] Furthermore, the material of the first perovskite light absorption layer is a mixed halogen perovskite material; or, the material of the first perovskite light absorption layer is a lead-free perovskite material.

[0017] Furthermore, the second perovskite thin film battery module includes a second substrate, a second perovskite solar cell component and a second thin film encapsulation layer, and the second thin film encapsulation layer covers the upper surface and side surfaces of the second perovskite solar cell component;

[0018] Wherein, the second perovskite solar cell component has a second perovskite light absorption layer.

[0019] Furthermore, the first substrate and the second substrate are separately provided; or, the first substrate and the second substrate are connected;

[0020] Wherein, when the first substrate and the second substrate are connected, the perovskite thin film battery layer further includes a connecting substrate arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate.

[0021] Furthermore, the solar panoramic sunroof further includes a second protective panel matching the first protective panel, and the second protective panel is located on a side of the perovskite thin film battery layer facing away from the first protective panel;

[0022] The first protection panel and the second protection panel are both made of curved glass; the first substrate, the second substrate and the connecting substrate are all made of transparent flexible materials.

[0023] Furthermore, the first perovskite solar cell assembly further includes a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer, the first perovskite light absorbing layer is located between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, and the first electrode layer is arranged closer to the first substrate than the second electrode layer;

[0024] The second perovskite solar cell assembly further includes a third electrode layer and a fourth electrode layer, the second perovskite light absorbing layer is located between the third electrode layer and the fourth electrode layer, and the third electrode layer is arranged closer to the second substrate relative to the fourth electrode layer;

[0025] The first electrode layer, the second electrode layer, the third electrode layer and the fourth electrode layer are all made of highly transparent conductive materials.

[0026] Furthermore, the first perovskite thin film battery module is closer to the driving position of the car than the second perovskite thin film battery module.

[0027] In a second aspect, the utility model further provides a car, which adopts the above-mentioned solar panoramic sunroof.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] The solar panoramic sunroof provided by the present invention is mainly composed of a first protective panel and a perovskite thin film battery layer connected thereto. Among them, the perovskite thin film battery layer includes two perovskite thin film battery modules with different transmittances, and the first perovskite thin film battery module with high transmittance is achieved by adjusting the thickness and / or material of its perovskite light absorption layer. However, after adjustment, its power generation efficiency will be slightly reduced to a certain extent. Therefore, the solar panoramic sunroof is also provided with a second perovskite thin film battery module with relatively low transmittance but high power generation efficiency. In this way, when it is actually used in a car, the first perovskite thin film battery module with high transmittance is selected to be arranged relatively close to the driving position, and the second perovskite thin film battery module with low transmittance but high power generation efficiency is selected to be arranged relatively far away from the driving position, so as to take into account both the driving light requirements and the power generation efficiency. In addition, the solar panoramic sunroof of the present invention also has the following advantages:

[0030] First, it perfectly adapts to the curved glass sunroof: Since the substrate of the perovskite thin-film battery layer of the utility model is made of transparent flexible material, it can be tightly attached between two curved glasses, solving the problem of poor adhesion between traditional solar cells and curved glass sunroofs. It not only greatly improves the appearance of the car, but also significantly enhances the waterproof performance.

[0031] Second, it has a long service life: the perovskite thin-film battery layer in this application is sandwiched between two curved glasses to form a stable sandwich-like structure. This structure can provide good physical protection for the perovskite thin-film battery layer, reduce damage to the battery layer caused by external factors (such as various vibrations, bumps, possible collisions encountered by the car during driving, as well as dust, wind and rain in the natural environment), and extend the service life of the power generation device.

[0032] Third, it is lightweight: Compared to traditional solar cells, the perovskite thin-film battery module in this application is significantly lighter. This advantage reduces the load on the top of the car, thereby improving the car's stability and handling.

[0033] Fourth, it does not affect lighting: the substrate, perovskite light absorption layer, thin film encapsulation layer and electrodes in the perovskite thin film battery layer of this utility model are all made of Tuming material, and the perovskite thin film battery module arranged near the driving position has a high light transmittance, which ensures the lighting effect of the panoramic sunroof and improves driving comfort.

[0034] Fifth, high photoelectric conversion efficiency: Perovskite thin-film battery modules have high photoelectric conversion efficiency, providing sufficient power for vehicles. This not only helps reduce automobiles' reliance on traditional fuels, lowering energy costs and environmental pollution, but also drives the automotive industry towards a more environmentally friendly, efficient, and sustainable development. In the future, with continued technological advancements, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of perovskite thin-film battery modules is expected to further increase, injecting even greater impetus into the sustainable development of the automotive industry. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] The accompanying drawings are incorporated into and constitute a part of this specification and, together with the description, are used to explain the principles of the present invention.

[0036] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0037] Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the distribution structure of the solar panoramic sunroof in Example 1 of the utility model includes only a first perovskite thin film battery module and a second perovskite thin film battery module. Figure 1 ;

[0038] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 AA cross-sectional structure diagram of the solar panoramic sunroof;

[0039] Figure 3 The schematic diagram of the distribution structure of the solar panoramic sunroof in Example 1 of the utility model includes only a first perovskite thin film battery module and a second perovskite thin film battery module. Figure 2 ;

[0040] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 BB cross-sectional structure diagram of the solar panoramic sunroof;

[0041] Figure 5 This is a schematic structural diagram of the first and second perovskite thin film battery modules in Example 1 of the present invention when they are positive type;

[0042] Figure 6 This is a schematic structural diagram of the first and second perovskite thin film battery modules in Example 1 of the present utility model when they are in inversion mode;

[0043] Figure 7 This is a schematic structural diagram of two perovskite thin film battery module substrates connected in Example 1 of the present utility model;

[0044] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the distribution of the perovskite thin film battery modules when there are multiple (>2) modules in Example 2 of the present utility model;

[0045] Figure 9 This is another distribution diagram when the number of perovskite thin film battery modules is multiple (>2) in Example 2 of the present utility model;

[0046] Figure 10 This is a third distribution diagram when the number of perovskite thin film battery modules is multiple (>2) in Example 2 of the present utility model;

[0047] Figure 11 For cars that include a solar-powered panoramic sunroof.

[0048] in:

[0049] 1 is a first protection panel;

[0050] 2 is a perovskite thin film battery layer; 21 is a first perovskite thin film battery module; 22 is a second perovskite thin film battery module; 211 is a first substrate; 212 is a first perovskite solar cell module; 213 is a first thin film encapsulation layer; 221 is a second substrate; 222 is a second perovskite solar cell module; 223 is a second thin film encapsulation layer; 2121 is a first perovskite light absorption layer; 2122 is a first electrode layer; 2123 is a second electrode layer; 2124 is an electron transport layer; 2125 is a hole transport layer; 2221 is a second perovskite light absorption layer; 2222 is a third electrode layer; 2223 is a fourth electrode layer; 2224 is an electron transport layer; 2225 is a hole transport layer; 2-1 is a connecting substrate;

[0051] 3 is the second protection panel;

[0052] 4 is a bonding layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] Exemplary embodiments will be described in detail herein, with examples illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following description, when referring to the drawings, identical numerals in different figures represent identical or similar elements, unless otherwise indicated. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments are not intended to represent all possible embodiments consistent with the present invention. Rather, they are merely examples of devices consistent with certain aspects of the present invention as detailed in the appended claims.

[0054] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0055] The terminology used in this application is for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and is not intended to limit this application. Unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used in this application should have the ordinary meaning as understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The use of "a," "an," and similar terms in this specification and claims does not indicate a limitation of quantity, but rather indicates the presence of at least one. "Include," "comprise," and similar terms mean that the elements or objects preceding "include" or "comprises" include the elements or objects listed after "include" or "comprises," and their equivalents, and do not exclude other elements or objects. "Connected," "connected," and similar terms are not limited to physical or mechanical connections and may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "A plurality" includes two and is equivalent to at least two. As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "the," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term "and / or" as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. Terms indicating relative spaces such as "lower" and "upper" may be used to more easily explain the relationship of one device relative to another device in the drawings. Such terms refer not only to the meanings indicated in the drawings but also to other meanings or operations of the device in use.

[0056] Example 1

[0057] See also Figures 1 to 7 The solar panoramic sunroof provided by the embodiment of the present invention may include a first protective panel 1 and a perovskite thin-film battery layer 2 connected thereto. The perovskite thin-film battery layer 2 may be located above or below the first protective panel 1. The perovskite thin-film battery layer 2 may include at least one first perovskite thin-film battery module 21 and at least one second perovskite thin-film battery module 22 connected thereto. The transmittance of the first perovskite thin-film battery module 21 is greater than the transmittance of the second perovskite thin-film battery module 22.

[0058] It should be noted that, when specifically used in a car, the first perovskite thin film battery module 21 is arranged closer to the driving position of the car than the second perovskite thin film battery module 22. The following two methods can be used according to the specifications of the battery modules: one is front-to-back arrangement, and the other is left-to-right arrangement, such as Figure 1 、 3As shown (the light-filled lines in the figure have high transmittance). That is, the first perovskite thin-film battery module 21 with higher transmittance is arranged at the top of the car's driving position and in the area near the top, which can ensure that the driver has sufficient driving light and improve driving safety. The rest of the area is equipped with the second perovskite thin-film battery module 22 with lower transmittance but higher light conversion efficiency. In this way, the power generation efficiency of the battery module is maximized without affecting the driver's sight, thereby meeting the car's demand for electricity and ensuring driving safety and comfort.

[0059] It should be noted that the perovskite thin film battery layer 2 in the solar panoramic sunroof of the present invention is designed as two perovskite thin film battery modules with different transmittances, which has the following advantages:

[0060] First, in terms of manufacturing difficulty, compared to conventional single-piece power generation modules, this solution comprises two perovskite thin-film battery modules (a first perovskite thin-film battery module 21 and a second perovskite thin-film battery module 22) to form the perovskite thin-film battery layer 2. Given a fixed solar panoramic skylight area, this design reduces the difficulty of manufacturing the battery modules. Due to the relatively smaller size of the individual battery modules, process control during production is easier, reducing the defects and non-uniformity issues that may arise from large-area production. Furthermore, smaller battery modules offer advantages in terms of compatibility with production equipment and efficiency, making them more adaptable to large-scale production.

[0061] Secondly, in terms of functional realization, the two perovskite thin-film battery modules with different transmittances bring multiple benefits. Placing the first perovskite thin-film battery module 21 with high transmittance close to the driving position of the car has the following important practical significance: 1) The high-transmittance battery module provides the driver with better driving light, especially when the weather is gloomy or the light is insufficient, more natural light can enter the car, effectively improving the driver's sight, reducing driving risks, and improving the driver's visual comfort and safety; 2) It helps to improve the overall lighting effect in the car, reduce dependence on the interior lighting system, and thus reduce energy consumption. The second perovskite thin-film battery module 22 with lower transmittance is set in an area relatively far away from the driver, which can more efficiently absorb sunlight and convert it into electrical energy, giving full play to its high power generation advantage and providing a stable power supply for the car.

[0062] Furthermore, the perovskite material in the perovskite thin-film solar cell module has a high light absorption coefficient, efficiently converting sunlight into electricity. Finally, during installation, the two solar cell modules are connected, for example in series, so that the generated electricity can be uniformly distributed.

[0063] To sum up, the embodiment of the utility model adopts two perovskite thin-film battery modules with different transmittances and reasonably arranges their positions (front and back or left and right) and connection methods, thereby reducing the difficulty of preparation and improving the comprehensive performance of the solar panoramic sunroof. It not only takes into account the power generation effect, but also optimizes the performance of in-vehicle lighting and driver's field of view, which has a positive impact on the car's energy supply and driving experience.

[0064] Preferably, in order to extend the service life of the perovskite thin film battery layer 2, the present invention further provides a second protective panel 3 that matches the first protective panel 1. The second protective panel 3 is located on the side of the perovskite thin film battery layer 2 facing away from the first protective panel 1, that is, the perovskite thin film battery layer 2 is sandwiched between the first protective panel 1 and the second protective panel 3, thereby providing good physical protection for the perovskite thin film battery layer 2 and reducing damage to it by external factors. Among them, the first protective panel 1 and the second protective panel 3 can both be curved glass with the same curvature. For example, the curved glass is preferably a high-transmittance tempered glass on the market (transmittance ≥ 90%, thickness of about 2.5 mm) as the supporting substrate of the perovskite photovoltaic device in the embodiment of the present invention, while having high strength to ensure safety and durability during the driving process of the car. This curved design of the solar panoramic sunroof not only gives the car a unique aesthetic appearance, but also brings a wider field of view to the passengers in the car. When the sun shines on the car body, the curved glass can better capture and refract the light, making the car full of natural brightness.

[0065] Furthermore, to ensure the stability of the perovskite thin-film battery layer 2 between the first and second protective panels 1 and 3, the present embodiment of the present invention uses an adhesive layer 4 to bond the first and second protective panels 1 and 3 to the perovskite thin-film battery layer 2, forming a stable, integrated structure. The adhesive layer can be made of materials such as optically clear adhesive, silicone sealant, or polyurethane adhesive. These materials not only exhibit excellent adhesion, light transmittance, and weather resistance, maintaining stable performance under varying environmental conditions, but also possess a certain degree of elasticity and cushioning properties. When the vehicle encounters vibrations, bumps, or temperature fluctuations during driving, the adhesive layer absorbs and disperses these forces, reducing impact and stress on the perovskite thin-film battery layer, thereby protecting the battery layer's structural integrity. Furthermore, the adhesive layer 4 should be evenly distributed to ensure the stable position of the perovskite thin-film battery layer 2 between the glass panels, preventing the battery layer from shifting, wrinkling, or partial detachment, thereby ensuring the overall performance and appearance quality of the solar panoramic sunroof. Furthermore, during actual production and installation, the thickness, uniformity, and bond strength of the adhesive layer 4 must be strictly controlled to ensure the reliability and performance stability of the solar panoramic sunroof.

[0066] Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, the first perovskite thin film battery module 21 includes a first substrate 211, a first perovskite solar cell component 212 and a first thin film encapsulation layer 213 that are stacked, and the first thin film encapsulation layer 213 covers the upper surface and side surfaces of the first perovskite solar cell component 212. Among them, the first perovskite solar cell component 212 includes, from top to bottom, a first electrode layer 2122, an electron transport layer 2124, a perovskite light absorption layer 2121, a hole transport layer 2125 and a second electrode layer 2123. The lower surface of the first electrode layer 2122 contacts the upper surface of the first substrate 211, and the upper surface of the second electrode layer 2123 is in contact with the inner top surface of the first thin film encapsulation layer 213. At this time, a positive perovskite thin film battery is formed, such as Figure 5 As shown. Or the first perovskite thin film battery module 21 adopts Figure 6 In the structure shown, the first perovskite solar cell assembly 212 includes a first electrode layer 2122, a hole transport layer 2125, a perovskite light absorbing layer 2121, an electron transport layer 2124, and a second electrode layer 2123 stacked sequentially from bottom to top, constituting an inverted perovskite thin film battery. The difference between the two is that the positions of the electron transport layer 2124 and the hole transport layer 2125 are interchanged. In other words, in the embodiment of the present invention, both positive-type perovskite thin film batteries and inverted-type perovskite thin film batteries can be used. There is no specific limitation on which type of perovskite thin film battery to use, and it can be flexibly selected according to actual needs and application scenarios. Such a design provides more possibilities and adaptability for the application of solar panoramic sunroofs, and can better meet the needs of different users and various complex usage environments.

[0067] In an embodiment of the present invention, the second perovskite thin-film battery module 22 includes a second substrate 221, a stacked second perovskite solar cell assembly 222, and a second thin-film encapsulation layer 223, with the second thin-film encapsulation layer 223 covering the upper surface and side surfaces of the second perovskite solar cell assembly 222. The second perovskite solar cell assembly 222 includes, from top to bottom, a third electrode layer 2222, an electron transport layer 2224, a perovskite light-absorbing layer 2221, a hole transport layer 2225, and a fourth electrode layer 2223. The lower surface of the third electrode layer 2222 contacts the upper surface of the second substrate 221, and the upper surface of the fourth electrode layer 2223 is in contact with the inner top surface of the second thin-film encapsulation layer 223, forming a positive-type perovskite thin-film battery. Similarly, when the electron transport layer 2224 and the hole transport layer 2225 are interchanged, an inverted-type perovskite thin-film battery is formed. That is to say, the structure of the second perovskite thin film battery module 22 is the same as that of the first perovskite thin film battery module 21 and will not be described in detail.

[0068] As can be seen from the above settings, when sunlight falls on the roof of the car, the light shines through the curved surface to the perovskite thin-film battery layer 2. At this time, the corresponding perovskite battery functional layers 212 and 222 in the two perovskite thin-film battery modules 21 and 22 will absorb sunlight and stimulate internal electron transitions, thereby generating current. This current is collected through conductive lines and can be used to power various electronic devices in the car, such as car audio, navigation systems, headlights, etc., and can even charge the car's power battery to increase the car's range. In other words, it is equivalent to building a miniature solar power station on the roof of the car, providing a sustainable energy supply for the car.

[0069] Among them, there are two schemes for the setting of the substrate in the embodiment of the present invention: one is that the two perovskite thin film battery modules each have an independent substrate, that is, the first substrate 211 and the second substrate 221 are separately set; the other is that the first substrate 211 and the second substrate 221 are connected. In this case, a connecting substrate 2-1 is set in the perovskite thin film battery layer 2, and one end of the connecting substrate 2-1 is connected to the first substrate 211, and the other end of the connecting substrate 2-1 is connected to the second substrate 221. That is to say, the first substrate 211, the connecting substrate 2-1 and the second substrate 221 can form a continuous whole-layer substrate structure, such as Figure 7 As shown, in practice, the entire substrate generally adopts a monolithic structure. The above-mentioned monolithic substrate structure helps to improve the connection stability between the two perovskite thin-film battery modules. Since the substrate is an integrated structure, the consistency of the two perovskite thin-film battery modules can be better controlled during the manufacturing process, improving the quality and performance of the product. The advantage of separate and independent substrates is that the two perovskite thin-film battery modules can be arranged more flexibly to adapt to different installation spaces and needs. The independent substrate can be optimized according to the specific location and function of the module, improving the performance and reliability of the module. At the same time, during maintenance and replacement, it is also more convenient to operate a single module without affecting the normal operation of the other module. In other words, the two substrate design schemes each have their own advantages, and the specific selection can be based on actual conditions to meet different application requirements.

[0070] In the embodiment of the present invention, since the perovskite thin film battery layer 2 is sandwiched between two curved glasses, the perovskite thin film battery layer 2 is required to have a certain degree of flexibility. To this end, the first substrate 211, the second substrate 221 and the connecting substrate 2-1 in the embodiment of the present invention are all made of transparent flexible materials, such as polyimide (30μm) + silicon nitride (1μm), which can achieve a light transmittance of about 95% while ensuring flexibility. In this way, the perovskite thin film battery layer 2 can bend naturally with the curvature of the curved glass without generating wrinkles or gaps, thereby ensuring seamless bonding between the perovskite thin film battery layer 2 and the glass panel. This close combination not only enhances the overall stability of the solar panoramic sunroof, but also effectively prevents external impurities such as dust and moisture from entering its interior, thereby extending the service life of the perovskite thin film battery layer 2.

[0071] In the embodiment of the present invention, both the first thin film encapsulation layer 213 and the second thin film encapsulation layer 223 are transparent composite encapsulation layers, for example, made of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer + inorganic nitride, with a thickness of 20 μm and a light transmittance of more than 90%. The shape can be designed as a bottomless shell structure, with a circle at the bottom of the shell structure connected to the upper surface of the substrate. The perovskite cell functional layers 221 and 222 are correspondingly placed in the accommodation space formed by the two, thereby providing closed and reliable protection for the perovskite cell functional layers. The thin film encapsulation layer thus formed has good insulation, heat resistance and flexibility, can be used to protect the perovskite material from external moisture and oxygen erosion, and has UV resistance and high temperature resistance, ensuring stability during long-term use.

[0072] It should be noted that the embodiment of the present invention controls the material design and / or thickness adjustment of the first perovskite light absorption layer 2121 so that the transmittance of the first perovskite thin-film battery module 21 can meet the requirement of being greater than the transmittance of the second perovskite thin-film battery module 22.

[0073] Specifically, the thickness of the first perovskite light absorbing layer 2121 is set to 200 nanometers to 300 nanometers, that is, a light absorbing layer thinner than the conventional thickness (the conventional thickness is generally 500 nanometers) is used. For example, the thickness of the first perovskite light absorbing layer 2121 can be: 200 nanometers. Here, by controlling the thickness of the first perovskite light absorbing layer 2121 to be approximately 200 nanometers to 300 nanometers, the first perovskite light absorbing layer 2121 can be made semi-transparent while maintaining a certain photoelectric conversion efficiency, thereby realizing a semi-transparent perovskite light absorbing layer.

[0074] In the present application, the material of the first perovskite light absorbing layer 2121 may be a mixed halogen perovskite material. For example, the material of the first perovskite light absorbing layer 2121 may be MAPb(Br x I 1-x)3. For example, the A-position cation can be: methylammonium ion (MA + ), the B-site cation can be: lead ion (Pb 2+ ), the halogen anion at position X can be: bromide ion (Br - ) and iodide ion (I - ), and the ratio of bromine to iodine is Br:I = 40:60. In this case, the band gap of the first perovskite light absorbing layer 2121 can be 1.8 eV, its light transmittance in the visible light band can reach 40%, and its photoelectric conversion efficiency can reach 12%.

[0075] It should be noted that the material of the first perovskite light absorbing layer 2121 is a mixed halogen perovskite material that can change the absorption boundary of the material, so that the first perovskite light absorbing layer 2121 only absorbs ultraviolet and near-infrared light, while allowing part of the visible light to pass through, thereby realizing a semi-transparent perovskite light absorbing layer.

[0076] In the present application, the material of the first perovskite light absorbing layer 2121 can be a lead-free perovskite material. Here, Sn 2+ Replace Pb 2+ To reduce the light absorption capacity of the material, thereby improving light transmittance, for example, the material of the first perovskite light absorption layer 2121 can be tin-based perovskite. Among them, tin-based perovskite (for example, FASnI3, MASnI3) has better visible light transmission characteristics than lead-based perovskite and can maintain a certain photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0077] In addition, the electron transport layer, hole transport layer and two electrode layers in each perovskite solar cell module can be made of organic or inorganic materials. The total thickness of the four layers is about 200 nanometers, and the transmittance is about 95%.

[0078] Among them, the first electrode layer 2122, the second electrode layer 2123, the third electrode layer 2222 and the fourth electrode layer 2223 are all made of highly transparent conductive materials (such as ITO or FTO). Their light transmittance ensures that light can penetrate the sunroof into the car to the maximum extent, while providing effective current collection function. The light transmittance of the electrodes on both sides must reach more than 85%.

[0079] In addition, the present invention provides a Figure 11The car shown in the figure (except for the solar panoramic sunroof, the car is of prior art and is not protected by this utility model). After the solar panoramic sunroof of the car is set according to the above structural and material requirements, after actual verification, the relevant parameters of the solar panoramic sunroof of the car are as follows: photoelectric conversion efficiency: about 12%, light transmittance: about 40% (visible light), service life: expected to be more than 10 years (under packaging protection), weather resistance: anti-ultraviolet, temperature range: -40℃ to 85℃, power supply capacity: the solar panoramic sunroof is under a sunlight intensity of 1000W / m 2 Under the conditions of 2 of electrical power.

[0080] Example 2

[0081] like Figures 8-10 As shown, the perovskite thin film battery layer 2 in the embodiment of the present invention is composed of a first perovskite thin film battery module 21 and a second perovskite thin film battery module 22 with two different transmittances. The only difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the total number of the two battery modules in this example is greater than 2. The specific number can be comprehensively considered based on the actual area of ​​the solar panoramic sunroof, the difficulty of making a single battery module, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency. The distribution can be set according to the principles of embodiment 1. Compared with embodiment 1, this embodiment further reduces the area of ​​a single battery module, which can further reduce the difficulty of preparation. Because if the area of ​​a single battery module is too large, more technical difficulties may be faced during the preparation process, such as difficulty in ensuring material uniformity and increased difficulty in packaging. By reducing the area of ​​a single battery module and adopting a series connection method, the production efficiency and product quality can be improved to a certain extent. At the same time, the two battery modules with different transmittances can be arranged according to actual needs, that is, the first perovskite thin film battery module 21 with high transmittance is arranged close to the driving position of the car, and the second perovskite thin film battery module 22 with low transmittance is arranged as much as possible in the remaining positions. Figures 8-10 As shown, this takes into account both the light at the driving position and the power generation efficiency of the entire solar panoramic sunroof.

[0082] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, which enables those skilled in the art to understand or implement the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.

[0083] It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above description and that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A solar panoramic sunroof, characterized in that: The solar panoramic sunroof comprises a first protective panel (1) and a perovskite thin film battery layer (2) connected to the first protective panel (1); The perovskite thin film battery layer (2) comprises at least one first perovskite thin film battery module (21) and at least one second perovskite thin film battery module (22) connected to each other, and the transmittance of the first perovskite thin film battery module (21) is greater than the transmittance of the second perovskite thin film battery module (22).

2. The solar panoramic sunroof according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first perovskite thin film battery module (21) comprises a first substrate (211), a first perovskite solar cell component (212) and a first thin film encapsulation layer (213), and the first thin film encapsulation layer (213) covers the upper surface and side surfaces of the first perovskite solar cell component (212); Wherein, the first perovskite solar cell component (212) has a first perovskite light absorption layer (2121).

3. The solar panoramic sunroof according to claim 2, characterized in that: The thickness of the first perovskite light absorbing layer (2121) ranges from 200 nanometers to 300 nanometers.

4. The solar panoramic sunroof according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The material of the first perovskite light absorbing layer (2121) is a mixed halogen perovskite material; or, the material of the first perovskite light absorbing layer (2121) is a lead-free perovskite material.

5. The solar panoramic sunroof according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second perovskite thin film battery module (22) comprises a second substrate (221), a second perovskite solar cell component (222) and a second thin film encapsulation layer (223), and the second thin film encapsulation layer (223) covers the upper surface and side surfaces of the second perovskite solar cell component (222); Wherein, the second perovskite solar cell component (222) has a second perovskite light absorption layer (2221).

6. The solar panoramic sunroof according to claim 5, characterized in that: The first substrate (211) and the second substrate (221) are separately arranged; or the first substrate (211) and the second substrate (221) are connected; Wherein, when the first substrate (211) and the second substrate (221) are connected, the perovskite thin film battery layer (2) further includes a connecting substrate (2-1) arranged between the first substrate (211) and the second substrate (221).

7. The solar panoramic sunroof according to claim 6, characterized in that: The solar panoramic sunroof further comprises a second protective panel (3) matched with the first protective panel (1), wherein the second protective panel (3) is located on a side of the perovskite thin film battery layer (2) facing away from the first protective panel (1); The first protective panel (1) and the second protective panel (3) are both made of curved glass; the first substrate (211), the second substrate (221) and the connecting substrate (2-1) are all made of transparent flexible materials.

8. The solar panoramic sunroof according to claim 7, characterized in that: The first perovskite solar cell assembly (212) further comprises a first electrode layer (2122) and a second electrode layer (2123); the first perovskite light absorption layer (2121) is located between the first electrode layer (2122) and the second electrode layer (2123); and the first electrode layer (2122) is arranged on a side closer to the first substrate (211) relative to the second electrode layer (2123); The second perovskite solar cell assembly (222) further comprises a third electrode layer (2222) and a fourth electrode layer (2223); the second perovskite light absorption layer (2221) is located between the third electrode layer (2222) and the fourth electrode layer (2223); and the third electrode layer (2222) is arranged on a side closer to the second substrate (221) relative to the fourth electrode layer (2223); The first electrode layer (2122), the second electrode layer (2123), the third electrode layer (2222) and the fourth electrode layer (2223) are all made of highly transparent conductive materials.

9. The solar panoramic sunroof according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first perovskite thin film battery module (21) is closer to the driving position of the car than the second perovskite thin film battery module (22).

10. An automobile, characterized in that: Including the solar panoramic sunroof according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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