Composite film with fireproof and heat-insulating functions

Abstract

The utility model discloses a composite film with fireproof and heat-insulating functions. The composite film comprises a self-adhesive layer, a hierarchical pore structure heat-insulating layer and a protective layer, the self-adhesive layer is formed on the surface of the base material, the hierarchical pore structure heat insulation layer is formed on the surface of one side, far away from the base material, of the self-adhesive layer, and the protective layer is formed on the surface of one side, far away from the base material, of the hierarchical pore structure heat insulation layer; when the temperature of the base material rises to exceed a set value or a fire disaster occurs, the self-adhesive layer automatically peels off to form an air layer, and high temperature or flame is blocked; a micro-nano hierarchical pore structure of the heat insulation layer is converted from an open pore structure to a closed pore structure, so that the hierarchical pore structure heat insulation layer material is automatically switched between the open pore structure and the closed pore structure along with temperature change, intelligent conversion from a heat dissipation function to a heat insulation function is realized, and the hierarchical pore structure heat insulation layer material and the protective layer act synergistically to obstruct temperature transfer and form a heat insulation function; the protective film can be used for protecting the surfaces of base materials such as metal, plastic, concrete, electronic products, batteries, equipment and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of fireproof, flame-retardant, heat-insulating, insulating, and intelligent thermal runaway management materials, specifically a fireproof and heat-insulating functional composite film suitable for the surface of substrates such as metal, plastic, concrete, electronic products, batteries, and equipment. Background Art

[0002] With increasingly stringent fire protection requirements for marine equipment, construction, petrochemicals, pipelines, and other applications, and the miniaturization and miniaturization of new energy equipment, energy storage equipment, and wearable devices, thermal runaway safety issues, such as continuous and rapid heat release caused by overheating, collisions, high temperatures, and fires, can cause damage to buildings and equipment, fires, explosions, and even threaten lives. Applying fireproof and thermal insulation materials to the surfaces of various substrates can temporarily protect combustible substrates, delaying fire and combustion, and effectively reducing the surface and interior temperatures of buildings. These materials hold broad application prospects in various industrial, civil, and military sectors.

[0003] Patent CN202120498466.4 describes a power battery fireproof and heat-insulating assembly, including a heat-insulating sleeve, a fire-resistant sleeve, and a heat-insulating coating layer, which offers excellent fireproofing and heat-insulating properties. Patent CN202111431510.0 describes closed-cell aerogel microspheres and their preparation method, a heat-insulating coating and its preparation method, and a heat-insulating coating film, achieving the technical effects of obtaining closed-cell hollow aerogel microspheres, reducing the effect of surface tension on pore size, improving compressive strength, and increasing heat-insulating efficiency.

[0004] However, when the temperature is above room temperature but below a set point, the substrate must dissipate heat quickly. If the temperature continues to rise above the set point or a fire occurs, or if a building or equipment experiences thermal runaway, the substrate surface must be promptly fireproofed and insulated to prevent damage to adjacent buildings or equipment and protect personnel. Currently, few relevant materials have been reported. Utility Model Content

[0005] The utility model relates to a fireproof and heat-insulating composite film with intelligent fireproof and heat-insulating functions. It is aimed at the above-mentioned problems existing in fire prevention, heat insulation and thermal runaway management. By means of layer-by-layer film pasting, layer-by-layer spraying, layer-by-layer brushing, layer-by-layer roller coating, layer-by-layer shower coating and layer-by-layer dipping, the three-layer composite film with intelligent fireproof and heat-insulating functions is attached to the surface of metal, plastic, concrete, electronic products, batteries, precision equipment and other substrates, thereby achieving the purpose of intelligent fireproof and heat-insulating, and realizing timely heat dissipation and heat insulation functions at a predetermined temperature.

[0006] The present application provides a fireproof and heat-insulating functional composite film, comprising a self-adhesive layer, a multi-level porous structure thermal insulation layer and a protective layer; the self-adhesive layer is formed on the surface of the substrate, the multi-level porous structure thermal insulation layer is formed on the surface of the self-adhesive layer away from the substrate, and the protective layer is formed on the surface of the multi-level porous structure thermal insulation layer away from the substrate; the self-adhesive layer, the multi-level porous structure thermal insulation layer and the protective layer are arranged in sequence.

[0007] Furthermore, the multi-level porous structure heat insulation layer has a porous structure with a multi-level micron-nano open pore structure.

[0008] In some embodiments, the multi-level micron-nano open pore structure is formed disorderly in the thermal insulation layer.

[0009] In some embodiments, the pore size of the multi-level porous structure thermal insulation layer is 1 nm-100 μm;

[0010] Furthermore, the pore size of the multi-level pore structure heat insulation layer is 1 nm-100 μm.

[0011] Furthermore, it is defined that the multi-level porous structure heat insulation layer contains at least two sizes of porous structures, ie, below 100 nm and above 1 μm.

[0012] Furthermore, the multi-level porous structure thermal insulation layer can freely switch between an open-pore structure and a closed-pore structure at different temperatures.

[0013] Furthermore, when the temperature of the multi-level porous structure thermal insulation layer is lower than 120°C, the multi-level porous structure in the multi-level porous structure thermal insulation layer is an open-pore structure; when the temperature is higher than 120°C or a fire occurs, the open-pore structure of the multi-level porous structure in the multi-level porous structure thermal insulation layer can be converted into a closed-pore structure, so that the thermal conductivity of the multi-level porous structure thermal insulation layer is reduced from greater than 0.1W / (mk) to less than 0.035W / (mk).

[0014] Furthermore, it is defined that the surface of the protective layer has a super-hydrophobic structure, and the water contact angle of the surface in contact with air is greater than 150°.

[0015] In some embodiments, when the temperature of the substrate rises above a set value or a fire occurs, the self-adhesive layer automatically peels off, forming an air layer between the self-adhesive layer and the substrate.

[0016] In more detail, when the temperature of the substrate rises above the set value or a fire occurs, the self-adhesive layer automatically peels off, forming an air layer between the substrate and the self-adhesive layer to block high temperature or flames; the micro-nano multilevel pore structure of the multilevel pore structure thermal insulation layer is converted from an open-pore structure to a closed-pore structure, and the thermal conductivity is reduced from greater than 0.1W / (mk) to less than 0.035W / (mk), which works synergistically with the protective layer to block temperature transfer and form a thermal insulation effect. The composite film realizes the transformation from heat dissipation function to thermal insulation function.

[0017] The composite film with intelligent fireproof and heat-insulating functions of the utility model can be firmly attached to the surface of metal, non-metal, plastic, polymer resin, concrete, silicon chip, paper and composite material on both the front and back sides of the self-adhesive layer.

[0018] The composite membrane with intelligent fireproof and heat-insulating functions described in the utility model has a heat-insulating layer with a micron-nano multilevel pore structure with a pore size of 1nm-100μm. The multilevel pore structure is an open-pore structure, containing at least two sizes of multilevel pore structures below 100nm and above 1μm. When the temperature rises above the set value or a fire occurs, this micro-nano open-pore structure can be converted into a closed-pore structure, and the thermal conductivity is reduced from greater than 0.1W / (mk) to less than 0.035W / (mk). The composite membrane realizes the transformation from heat dissipation function to heat insulation function.

[0019] The fireproof and heat-insulating composite film of the utility model has a water contact angle of the protective layer on the air contact surface greater than 150 degrees, and can form an air film with corrosive media including water vapor, oxygen, metal ions and non-metallic ions.

[0020] The composite film with intelligent fireproof and heat-insulating functions described in the utility model and the protective film can be obtained by one or more construction methods including layer-by-layer film lamination, layer-by-layer spraying, layer-by-layer brushing, layer-by-layer roller coating, layer-by-layer shower coating, and layer-by-layer dipping.

[0021] The fireproof and heat-insulating functional composite film described in the utility model has the characteristics of fire prevention, flame retardancy, heat insulation, insulation, and intelligent thermal runaway management, and can be used for protecting and safeguarding the surface of substrates such as metals, plastics, concrete, electronic products, batteries, and equipment.

[0022] The composite membrane of the present invention possesses intelligent fireproofing and heat-insulating functions. By constructing a multi-layer structure with these functions, it achieves multifunctional conversion under different environmental conditions. Specifically, when the ambient temperature is above room temperature but below a set temperature, it assists the substrate in rapidly dissipating heat. When the temperature continues to rise above the set temperature or a fire occurs, the substrate is endowed with fireproofing and heat-insulating functions, preventing thermal runaway of buildings or precision equipment, and simultaneously preventing damage to adjacent buildings or equipment due to thermal runaway, thereby protecting personnel. The ingenious design of the multi-level porous structure of the thermal insulation layer in this application enables the thermal insulation layer material to automatically switch between an open-pore structure and a closed-pore structure as the temperature changes. The composite membrane achieves an intelligent transition from heat dissipation to heat insulation, ensuring that the substrate material can perform safely and efficiently under different environmental conditions. The self-adhesive layer serves as a connecting layer between the substrate material, the thermal insulation layer, and the functional protective layer. Its double-sided self-adhesive properties facilitate the realization of a multi-layer structure. The protective layer provides additional functionality to the substrate material. While ensuring safety and effectiveness, the protective layer's surface possesses a super-hydrophobic structure, imparting hydrophobicity to the substrate surface. Furthermore, the air film formed between the protective layer and the corrosive medium further extends the substrate's service life. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for describing the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work. Among them:

[0024] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the partial internal structure of a fireproof and heat-insulating composite film provided by the utility model;

[0025] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional view of the local internal structure of the composite membrane with fireproof and heat-insulating functions after the external temperature rises above the set temperature or a fire occurs;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a fireproof and heat-insulating composite membrane with a multi-level pore structure and a heat-insulating layer having a multi-level pore structure provided by the utility model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, a fireproof and heat-insulating functional composite film comprises a self-adhesive layer (2), a multi-level porous structure heat-insulating layer (3) and a protective layer (4); the self-adhesive layer (2) is formed on the surface of a substrate (1), the multi-level porous structure heat-insulating layer (3) is formed on the surface of the self-adhesive layer (2) away from the substrate (1), and the protective layer (4) is formed on the surface of the multi-level porous structure heat-insulating layer (3) away from the substrate (1); the self-adhesive layer (2), the multi-level porous structure heat-insulating layer (3) and the protective layer (4) are arranged in sequence.

[0029] Furthermore, the multi-level pore structure heat insulation layer (3) is a pore structure with a multi-level micron-nano open pore structure. The multi-level micron-nano open pore structure is formed disorderly in the heat insulation layer.

[0030] The pore size of the multi-level pore structure thermal insulation layer is 1nm-100μm. Figure 3 As shown, the fireproof and heat-insulating functional composite membrane multi-level porous structure heat insulation layer has a multi-level porous structure, showing a micron-nano multi-level porous structure with a pore size of 50nm-10μm.

[0031] Furthermore, it is defined that the multi-level porous structure heat insulation layer contains at least two sizes of porous structures, below 100 nm and above 1 μm.

[0032] The multi-level porous structure heat insulation layer (3) can freely switch between an open-pore structure and a closed-pore structure at different temperatures. More specifically, when the temperature is lower than 120°C, the multi-level porous structure in the multi-level porous structure heat insulation layer (3) is an open-pore structure; when the temperature is higher than 120°C or a fire occurs, the open-pore structure in the multi-level porous structure heat insulation layer (3) can be converted into a closed-pore structure, that is, Figure 2 The open pore structure (6) of the multi-level porous structure thermal insulation layer shown in the figure reduces the thermal conductivity of the multi-level porous structure thermal insulation layer (3) from more than 0.1 W / (mk) to less than 0.035 W / (mk).

[0033] Furthermore, the water contact angle of the protective layer (4) in contact with air is greater than 150°. When the temperature of the substrate rises above a set value or a fire occurs, the self-adhesive layer automatically peels off, forming an air layer between the protective layer and the substrate.

[0034] More details are given in the following examples.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] An organic silicon self-adhesive material is selected and firmly attached to a lithium battery aluminum alloy housing substrate (1) by a film-sticking method to prepare a self-adhesive layer (2). The self-adhesive layer (2) is formed on the surface of the substrate (1). Subsequently, a mixture of a silicon-aluminum-titanium composite oxide with a porous structure and an inorganic phosphate-silicate adhesive is attached to the outer side of the self-adhesive layer (2) by a spraying process, and a multi-level pore structure heat insulation layer (3) with a micron-nano open pore structure is formed on the surface of the self-adhesive layer (2) away from the substrate (1), wherein the micron pore size is 5-10 μm and the nanopore size is 5-50 nm.

[0037] A water-based super-hydrophobic coating is attached to the outer side of the multi-level porous structure thermal insulation layer (3) by a brush coating process to form a protective layer (4), that is, the protective layer (4) is formed on the surface of the multi-level porous structure thermal insulation layer (3) away from the substrate (1).

[0038] The self-adhesive layer (2), the multi-level porous structure heat-insulating layer (3) and the protective layer (4) are sequentially arranged on the surface of the substrate (1).

[0039] It is further defined that the water contact angle of the prepared protective layer (4) in contact with air is greater than 150°, exemplified by 151.3°, 152.6°, etc., and an air film can be formed between the protective layer (4) and the corrosive media including water vapor, oxygen, metal ions, and non-metal ions.

[0040] The prepared composite film has intelligent fireproof and heat-insulating functions and can be used as a heat-insulating film between power battery cells.

[0041] In more detail, the multi-level porous structure heat insulation layer (3) proposed in this application has a multi-level micron-nano multi-level porous structure, such as Figure 3 As shown; a multi-level micron-nano open pore structure is formed disorderly in the thermal insulation layer; the multi-level pore structure thermal insulation layer (3) is a phase change structure, and the structure changes with temperature. When the temperature is lower than 120°C, the multi-level pore structure is an open pore structure with heat dissipation function; when the temperature is higher than 120°C or a fire occurs, the open pore structure of the micron-nano multi-level pore structure can be converted into a closed pore structure. Figure 2 The open pore structure (6) of the multi-level porous structure heat insulation layer shown in the figure reduces the thermal conductivity from more than 0.1W / (mk) to less than 0.035W / (mk), thus achieving the heat insulation function. This enables the composite film to achieve the transition from heat dissipation function to heat insulation function.

[0042] In another embodiment, it is defined that when the temperature is higher than 120°C or a fire occurs, the open-pore structure (3) of the micron-nano multi-level pore structure can be converted into a closed-pore structure (6), and the thermal conductivity is reduced from greater than 0.2W / (mK) to less than 0.035W / (mK), thereby achieving a heat insulation function. This allows the composite film to achieve a transition from a heat dissipation function to a heat insulation function.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] A self-adhesive layer (2) formed by a composite of silicate, phosphate, and epoxy-phenolic resin is attached to the surface of a steel structure substrate (1). An organic-inorganic composite nanomaterial comprising zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, and polyacrylate is formed into a heat-insulating layer (3) having a micron-nanometer multi-level pore structure and is attached to the outside of the self-adhesive layer (2) by a brush coating process.

[0045] Specifically, the micropore size is 10-100 μm, and the nanopore size is 20-100 nm. Furthermore, a fluorocarbon resin coating is attached to the outer side of the heat insulation layer having a micron-nanometer multi-level pore structure by a layer-by-layer brushing process to form a protective layer (4).

[0046] The prepared protective layer (4) has a water contact angle with the air surface greater than 150°, exemplified by 151.3°, 152.6°, etc., and can form an air film with corrosive media including water vapor, oxygen, metal ions, and non-metallic ions. The prepared intelligent fireproof and heat-insulating composite film can be applied to building exterior walls, oil and gas pipelines, central heating pipelines, and maintenance devices.

[0047] The multi-level porous structure heat insulation layer (3) is a pore structure with a multi-level micron-nano open pore structure. The multi-level micron-nano open pore structure is formed disorderly in the heat insulation layer. The micron-nano multi-level porous structure of the multi-level porous structure heat insulation layer (3) undergoes structural transformation as the temperature changes. The composite multi-level porous structure formed by zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, and polyacrylate includes voids at the micron to nanometer level. As a result, the multi-level micron-nano open pore structure is formed disorderly in the heat insulation layer, forming a multi-layer phase change structure. When the temperature is lower than 180°C, the multi-level porous structure is an open pore structure with a heat dissipation function; when the temperature is higher than 180°C or a fire occurs, the open pore structure (3) of the micro-nano multi-level porous structure can be converted into a closed pore structure (6), and the thermal conductivity is reduced from greater than 0.2W / (mk) to less than 0.035W / (mk), thereby achieving a heat insulation function. The composite film realizes the transformation from heat dissipation function to heat insulation function.

[0048] Example 3

[0049] An epoxy-polyacrylate self-adhesive layer (2) is attached to the surface of a PP plastic substrate (1). An organic-inorganic composite self-adhesive material composed of nano-iron oxide, nano-carbon material, nano-silicon dioxide, nano-cerium oxide, polyurethane resin, and silicone resin, forming a material with a micron-nano multi-level pore structure, is attached to the outside of the self-adhesive layer (2) to form a heat-insulating layer (3) with a micron-nano multi-level pore structure, wherein the micron pore size is 1-10 μm and the nanopore size is 5-60 nm.

[0050] Furthermore, the organic silicon-inorganic silicon super hydrophobic self-adhesive material is attached to the outer side of the multi-level porous structure thermal insulation layer by laminating, i.e., formed on the surface of the multi-level porous structure thermal insulation layer (3) away from the substrate (1), forming a functional protective layer (4).

[0051] In each embodiment, the self-adhesive layer (2), the multi-level porous structure heat insulation layer (3) and the protective layer (4) are arranged in sequence.

[0052] The prepared protective layer has a water contact angle greater than 150° on its contact surface with air, and can form an air film with corrosive media including water vapor, oxygen, metal ions, and non-metallic ions. The prepared intelligent fireproof and heat-insulating composite film can be applied to electronic devices, intelligent wearable devices, and heat-insulating films on the surface of plastic films. The micro-nano multi-level pore structure of the heat-insulating layer (3) undergoes structural transformation as the temperature changes.

[0053] The multi-level porous structure heat insulation layer has a micron-nano multi-level porous structure with a pore size of 1nm-100μm. The multi-level porous structure is an open-pore structure and contains at least two multi-level porous structures with sizes below 100nm and above 1μm. When the temperature rises above the set value or a fire occurs, this micro-nano open-pore structure can be converted into a closed-pore structure. When the temperature is below 100℃, the multi-level porous structure is an open-pore structure with a heat dissipation function; when the temperature is above 100℃ or a fire occurs, the open-pore structure (3) of the micro-nano multi-level porous structure can be converted into a closed-pore structure (6), such as Figure 2 The structure shown reduces thermal conductivity from greater than 0.1 W / (mK) to less than 0.035 W / (mK), achieving thermal insulation. The composite film achieves a transition from heat dissipation to thermal insulation.

[0054] The above description is merely an embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention. Any technical solution obtained by equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fireproof and heat-insulating composite film, characterized in that: It includes a self-adhesive layer, a multi-level porous structure thermal insulation layer and a protective layer; the self-adhesive layer is formed on the surface of the substrate, the multi-level porous structure thermal insulation layer is formed on the surface of the self-adhesive layer away from the substrate, and the protective layer is formed on the surface of the multi-level porous structure thermal insulation layer away from the substrate; the self-adhesive layer, the multi-level porous structure thermal insulation layer and the protective layer are arranged in sequence.

2. The fireproof and heat-insulating functional composite film according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-level pore structure heat insulation layer has a pore structure with multi-level micron-nano open pore structure.

3. The fireproof and heat-insulating functional composite film according to claim 2, characterized in that: The multi-level micron-nano open pore structure is formed disorderly in the heat insulation layer.

4. A fireproof and heat-insulating functional composite film according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The pore size of the multi-level pore structure heat insulation layer is 1nm-100μm.

5. The fireproof and heat-insulating functional composite film according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the multi-level micron-nano open pore structure, the micron pore size is 1-100 μm, and the nanopore size is 5-100 nm.

6. A fireproof and heat-insulating functional composite film according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The multi-level porous structure heat insulation layer contains at least two sizes of porous structures, one below 100 nm and one above 1 μm.

7. A fireproof and heat-insulating functional composite film according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The multi-level porous structure heat insulation layer can freely switch between an open-pore structure and a closed-pore structure at different temperatures.

8. The fireproof and heat-insulating functional composite film according to claim 6, characterized in that: When the temperature of the multi-level porous structure thermal insulation layer is lower than 120°C, the multi-level porous structure in the multi-level porous structure thermal insulation layer is an open-pore structure; when the temperature is higher than 120°C or a fire occurs, the open-pore structure of the multi-level porous structure in the multi-level porous structure thermal insulation layer can be converted into a closed-pore structure, so that the thermal conductivity of the multi-level porous structure thermal insulation layer is reduced from greater than 0.1W / (mk) to less than 0.035W / (mk).

9. A fireproof and heat-insulating functional composite film according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The surface of the protective layer is a super-hydrophobic structure, and the water contact angle between the surface and the air is greater than 150°.

10. A fireproof and heat-insulating functional composite film according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: When the temperature of the substrate rises above a set value or a fire occurs, the self-adhesive layer automatically peels off, forming an air layer between the self-adhesive layer and the substrate.

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