Hydraulic telescopic three-section mechanical arm of excavator

Abstract

A hydraulic telescopic three-section mechanical arm of an excavator comprises a base, a large arm, a large arm oil cylinder, an upper connecting rod, a lower connecting rod, a middle arm, a middle arm oil cylinder, a small arm, a small arm oil cylinder, a telescopic arm, a telescopic oil cylinder, an action oil cylinder, a fixing rod, an action connecting rod, an action arm and a hanging lug. The big arm, the upper connecting rod, the lower connecting rod and the base form a hinge four-rod mechanism which is controlled by a big arm oil cylinder to act. The big arm oil cylinder pushes the joint of an upper connecting rod and a lower connecting rod in the hinge four-rod mechanism, so that the big arm can rotate by a very large angle relative to the base, and meanwhile, the load stability of the big arm is ensured. The hanging lug is fixed to the proper position of the base, it is guaranteed that the large arm oil cylinder can control rotation of the large arm, the situation of insufficient power is avoided, and the angle range of rotation of the large arm can be enlarged. The telescopic arm is controlled by the telescopic oil cylinder to act, and the operation depth and the operation radius can be increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of engineering vehicles, in particular to a hydraulic telescopic three-section mechanical arm of an excavator, which is used for an excavator operating in a low and narrow environment to realize functions such as excavation and loading. Background Art

[0002] Currently, in some low, narrow workspaces, existing excavators have limited mechanical arm movement, require a large working space, and lack flexibility and adaptability, making them unable to simultaneously meet the needs of excavation and loading. This excavator's hydraulically retractable three-section mechanical arm allows it to flexibly operate in confined spaces, while also achieving greater depths and heights than comparable mechanical arms. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In response to the technical deficiencies of existing excavator equipment, the utility model provides a hydraulic telescopic three-section mechanical arm for an excavator with an ultra-low and ultra-small folding state, an ultra-large operating radius, an ultra-large digging depth, and an ultra-high loading height to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0004] In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0005] The utility model relates to a hydraulic telescopic three-section mechanical arm of an excavator.

[0006] The system includes a base, boom, boom cylinder, upper connecting rod, lower connecting rod, middle arm, middle arm cylinder, forearm, forearm cylinder, telescopic boom, telescopic cylinder, actuating cylinder, fixed rod, actuating connecting rod, actuating arm, and mounting lugs. When fully retracted, the base, boom, and middle arm form a Z-shape. The boom is connected to the mounting lugs fixed to the base via pins and bushings. The upper end of the upper connecting rod is connected to the boom via pins and bushings, the lower end of the upper connecting rod is connected to the upper end of the lower connecting rod via pins and bushings, and the lower end of the lower connecting rod is connected to the base via pins and bushings. The boom, upper connecting rod, lower connecting rod, and base form a hinged four-bar linkage, whose movement is controlled by the boom cylinder. The junction between the upper and lower connecting rods is connected to the top of the boom cylinder via pins and bushings, while the bottom end of the boom cylinder is connected to the base via pins and bushings. The boom cylinder pushes the connection between the upper link and the lower link in the hinged four-bar mechanism, allowing the boom to rotate a very large angle relative to the base while ensuring its load stability. The lug is fixed at a suitable position on the base so that when the boom cylinder is fully retracted, the center point of the connection between the upper connecting rod, the lower connecting rod and the top of the boom cylinder is higher than the center point of the connection between the lower end of the lower connecting rod and the base, the center point of the connection between the boom and the lug is higher than the center point of the connection between the upper connecting rod, the lower connecting rod and the top of the boom cylinder, and the center point of the connection between the upper end of the upper connecting rod and the boom is higher than the center point of the connection between the boom and the lug; the center point of the connection between the lower end of the lower connecting rod and the base is located to the right of the center point of the connection between the boom and the lug, the center point of the connection between the upper end of the upper connecting rod and the boom is located to the right of the center point of the connection between the lower end of the lower connecting rod and the base, and the center point of the connection between the upper end of the upper connecting rod and the top of the boom cylinder is located to the right of the center point of the connection between the upper end of the upper connecting rod and the boom. This structural mode can ensure that the boom cylinder can control the rotation of the boom, there will be no lack of power, and the angle range in which the boom can rotate can be increased. The middle arm is connected to the boom via pins and bushings, and its movement is controlled by the middle arm cylinder. The top of the middle arm cylinder is connected to the middle arm via pins and bushings, while the bottom of the middle arm cylinder is connected to the boom via pins and bushings. The bottom of the middle arm cylinder is fixed to the boom in a suitable position so that when the boom and middle arm cylinders are fully retracted, the middle arm and the base can be parallel, allowing the entire robotic arm to achieve an ultra-small folded position. The forearm is placed outside the telescopic arm and connected to the middle arm via pins and bushings. Its movement is controlled by the forearm cylinder. The top of the forearm cylinder is connected to the forearm via pins and bushings, while the bottom of the forearm cylinder is connected to the middle arm via pins and bushings. The telescopic arm is placed inside the forearm and its extension and retraction are controlled by the telescopic cylinder. The top of the telescopic cylinder is connected to the telescopic arm via pins and bushings, while the bottom of the telescopic cylinder is connected to the forearm via pins and bushings.The action arm is connected to the telescopic arm through an action connecting rod. The action arm is connected to the upper end of the action connecting rod through a pin and a bushing. The telescopic arm is connected to the lower end of the action connecting rod through a pin and a bushing. The action arm is controlled by an action cylinder. The top of the action cylinder is connected to the connection between the action arm and the upper end of the action connecting rod through a pin and a bushing. The bottom end of the action cylinder is connected to the fixed rod on the telescopic arm through a pin and a bushing.

[0007] When excavating, the boom and middle arm are kept at a fixed angle, and the two are regarded as a whole. Operations are performed by rotating the boom and the small arm. The operation mode at this time is the same as that of a traditional excavator. When the working environment is narrow and the mechanical arm cannot be fully extended, the boom rotates backward to reduce the working radius, and the working height is adjusted by rotating the middle arm, the working angle is adjusted by rotating the small arm, and the working depth is adjusted by extending and retracting the telescopic arm. When the working environment is low, the boom and middle arm are lowered in height, the working angle is adjusted by rotating the small arm, and the working depth is adjusted by extending and retracting the telescopic arm. When the working environment is wide and the mechanical arm can be fully extended, the boom, middle arm and small arm can rotate freely, and the telescopic arm can be freely extended and retracted to perform a wide range of operations.

[0008] During loading operations, the boom and forearm remain stationary, and the mid-arm cylinder acts as the primary lifting cylinder. If the operating radius is insufficient, the telescopic arm extends, coordinating with the forearm's rotation to expand the radius. If the lifting height is insufficient, the boom rises, coordinating with the mid-arm's lift. During operation, the machine can reach low environments with an extremely low profile, while also enabling coordinated lifting of all arms to a maximum height, meeting the extreme demands of various operating environments.

[0009] Beneficial effects of the utility model:

[0010] 1. The utility model provides an ultra-small folding state. In the ultra-small folding state, the robot can operate in an overly narrow working environment by folding the mechanical arm.

[0011] 2. The utility model provides an ultra-small folding state. In the ultra-small folding state, by folding the mechanical arm and controlling the telescopic arm, it can operate in an overly low working environment while ensuring the working depth.

[0012] 3. The utility model provides an ultra-large operating radius relative to its own volume, and can perform ultra-large-scale operations when the robotic arm is fully extended. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional front view of the excavator's hydraulic telescopic three-section mechanical arm.

[0014] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional rear view of the excavator's hydraulic telescopic three-section mechanical arm.

[0015] Figure 3 It is a side sectional view of the excavator's hydraulic telescopic three-section mechanical arm.

[0016] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the excavator's hydraulic telescopic three-section mechanical arm in the fully retracted state in the excavation mode.

[0017] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of an excavator's hydraulically telescopic three-section mechanical arm operating in a narrow environment in excavation mode.

[0018] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of an excavator's hydraulically telescopic three-section mechanical arm in excavation mode for low-lying environment operations.

[0019] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the excavator's hydraulic telescopic three-section mechanical arm in fully extended operation in excavation mode.

[0020] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the excavator's hydraulic telescopic three-section mechanical arm in the fully retracted state in loading mode.

[0021] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the excavator's hydraulic telescopic three-section mechanical arm in loading mode.

[0022] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the extension of the telescopic arm of an excavator's hydraulic telescopic three-section mechanical arm in loading mode.

[0023] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the auxiliary lifting of the boom in the loading mode of the excavator's hydraulic telescopic three-section mechanical arm.

[0024] Figure 1 Middle, 0 base, 1 boom, 1.1 boom cylinder, 2 middle arm, 2.1 middle arm cylinder, 3 forearm, 3.1 forearm cylinder, 4 telescopic arm, 5 telescopic cylinder, 6 action cylinder, 11 bucket.

[0025] Figure 2 In the middle, 1.2 upper link, 1.3 lower link, 7 fixed rod, 8 action link, 9 action arm, 10 mounting ear.

[0026] Figure 3 In the middle, 1 boom, 1.1 boom cylinder, 1.2 upper connecting rod, 1.3 lower connecting rod, 2 middle arm, 2.1 middle arm cylinder, 3 forearm, 3.1 forearm cylinder, 4 telescopic arm, 5 telescopic cylinder, 6 action cylinder, 7 fixed rod, 8 action connecting rod, 9 action arm, 10 hanging ear.

[0027] Figure 8 Medium, 12 buckets. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0029] A hydraulic telescopic three-section mechanical arm for an excavator includes a base 0, a boom 1, a boom cylinder 1.1, an upper connecting rod 1.2, a lower connecting rod 1.3, a middle arm 2, a middle arm cylinder 2.1, a small arm 3, a small arm cylinder 3.1, a telescopic arm 4, a telescopic cylinder 5, an actuating cylinder 6, a fixing rod 7, an actuating connecting rod 8, an actuating arm 9 and a hanging lug 10.

[0030] The boom 1 is connected to the mounting lug 10 by pins and bushings. The boom 1, along with the upper link 1.2, lower link 1.3, and base 0, including the mounting lug 10, forms a hinged four-bar linkage. Its movement is controlled by a boom cylinder 1.1. The connection point between the upper link 1.2 and lower link 1.3 is connected to the top of the boom cylinder 1.1 via pins and bushings, while the bottom of the boom cylinder 1.1 is also connected to base 0 via pins and bushings. When the boom 1 rotates at large angles, the boom cylinder 1.1 and the hinged four-bar linkage ensure that the boom 1 is stressed, creating a more stable structure. The lug 10 is fixed at a suitable position on the base 0 so that when the boom cylinder 1.1 is fully retracted, the center point of the connection between the upper link 1.2, the lower link 1.2 and the top of the boom cylinder 1.1 is higher than the center point of the connection between the lower end of the lower link 1.2 and the base 0, the center point of the connection between the boom 1 and the lug 10 is higher than the center point of the connection between the upper link 1.2, the lower link 1.3 and the top of the boom cylinder 1.1, the center point of the connection between the upper end of the upper link 1.2 and the boom 1 is higher than the center point of the connection between the boom 1 and the lug 10; the lower end of the lower link 1.3 and the base 0 are in a state of being fully retracted. The center point of the connection is located to the right of the center point of the connection between the boom 1 and the mounting ear 10. The center point of the connection between the upper end of the upper link 1.2 and the boom 1 is located to the right of the center point of the connection between the lower end of the lower link 1.3 and the base 0. The center point of the connection between the upper link 1.2, the lower link 1.3 and the top of the boom cylinder 1.1 is located to the right of the center point of the connection between the upper end of the upper link 1.2 and the boom 1. This structural pattern ensures that the boom cylinder 1.1 and the hinged four-bar mechanism can withstand the pressure from the boom 1 and ensure that the boom 1 can rotate within a wide range of angles. The middle arm 2 is connected to the boom 1 by pins and bushings. The movement of the middle arm 2 is controlled by the middle arm cylinder 2.1. The top end of the middle arm cylinder 2.1 is fixed to the appropriate position on the middle arm 2, and the bottom end of the middle arm cylinder 2.1 is fixed to the appropriate position on the boom 1. When the boom cylinder 1.1 and the middle arm cylinder 2.1 are fully retracted, the middle arm 2 and the base 0 can be parallel, and the entire robotic arm can achieve an ultra-small folding state. The forearm 3 and the middle arm 2 are connected by pins and bushings. The movement of the forearm 3 is controlled by the forearm cylinder 3.1. The telescopic arm 4 is nestled within the forearm 3, and its extension and retraction are controlled by the telescopic cylinder. The action arm 9 is connected to the telescopic arm 4 by an action link 8. The movement of the action arm 9 is controlled by the action cylinder 6 fixed to the fixed rod 7. The bucket 11 and the shovel bucket 12 both form a hinged four-bar linkage with the telescopic arm 4, the action arm 9, and the action link 8, allowing for a large rotation angle.

[0031] When excavating, the boom 1 and the middle arm 2 are kept at a fixed angle, and the two are regarded as a whole. The operation is carried out by rotating the boom 1 and the small arm 3. The operation mode at this time is the same as that of a traditional excavator. When the working environment is narrow and the mechanical arm cannot be fully extended, the boom 1 rotates backward to reduce the working radius, and the working height is adjusted by rotating the middle arm 2, the working angle is adjusted by rotating the small arm 3, and the working depth is adjusted by extending and retracting the telescopic arm 4. When the working environment is low, the boom 1 and the middle arm 2 are lowered in height, the working angle is adjusted by rotating the small arm 3, and the working depth is adjusted by extending and retracting the telescopic arm 4. When the working environment is wide and the mechanical arm can be fully extended, the boom 1, the middle arm 2 and the small arm 3 can rotate freely, and the telescopic arm 4 can be freely extended and retracted to perform a wide range of operations.

[0032] During loading operations, boom 1 and arm 3 remain stationary, while mid-arm cylinder 2.1 acts as the primary lifting cylinder. If the lifting height is insufficient, boom 1 rises, coordinating with mid-arm 2. If the operating radius is insufficient, telescopic arm 4 extends, coordinating with arm 3 to expand the operating radius. During operation, the crane can reach low environments with an extremely low profile, while also enabling coordinated lifting of all arms to the maximum height, meeting the extreme demands of various operating environments.

Claims

1. A hydraulic telescopic three-section mechanical arm for an excavator, characterized in that: The invention comprises a base (0), a boom (1), a boom oil cylinder (1.1), an upper connecting rod (1.2), a lower connecting rod (1.3), a middle arm (2), a middle arm oil cylinder (2.1), a small arm (3), a small arm oil cylinder (3.1), a telescopic arm (4), a telescopic oil cylinder (5), an action oil cylinder (6), a fixed rod (7), an action connecting rod (8), an action arm (9) and a hanging lug (10). The boom (1) is connected to one end of the upper connecting rod (1.2) through a bushing pin, one end of the lower connecting rod (1.3) is connected to the base (0) through a bushing pin, the other end of the upper connecting rod (1.2) and the other end of the lower connecting rod (1.3) are connected together through a pin bushing, one end of the boom oil cylinder (1.1) is connected to the connection between the upper connecting rod (1.2) and the lower connecting rod (1.3), and the other end of the boom oil cylinder (1.1) is connected to the base (0) through a bushing pin.

2. The hydraulic telescopic three-section mechanical arm of an excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper arm (1), the base (0), the upper connecting rod (1.2) and the lower connecting rod (1.3) form a hinged four-bar mechanism.

3. The hydraulic telescopic three-section mechanical arm of an excavator according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the boom oil cylinder (1.1) is in a fully retracted state, the center point of the connection between the upper connecting rod (1.2), the lower connecting rod (1.3) and the boom oil cylinder (1.1) is higher than the center point of the connection between the lower connecting rod (1.3) and the base (0).

4. The hydraulic telescopic three-section mechanical arm of an excavator according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the boom oil cylinder (1.1) is in a fully retracted state, the center point of the connection between the upper connecting rod (1.2), the lower connecting rod (1.3) and the boom oil cylinder (1.1) is higher than the center point of the connection between the boom oil cylinder (1.1) and the base (0).

5. The hydraulic telescopic three-section mechanical arm of an excavator according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the boom oil cylinder (1.1) is in a fully retracted state, the center point of the connection between the boom (1) and the hanging ear (10) is higher than the center point of the connection between the upper connecting rod (1.2), the lower connecting rod (1.3) and the boom oil cylinder (1.1).

6. The hydraulic telescopic three-section mechanical arm of an excavator according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the boom oil cylinder (1.1) is in a fully retracted state, the center point of the connection between the upper connecting rod (1.2) and the boom (1) is higher than the center point of the connection between the boom (1) and the hanging ear (10).

7. The hydraulic telescopic three-section mechanical arm of an excavator according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the boom oil cylinder (1.1) is fully retracted, in the horizontal direction, one side of the arm (3) is the front and the other side is the rear, and the center point of the connection between the lower connecting rod (1.3) and the base (0) is located behind the center point of the connection between the boom (1) and the hanging ear (10).

8. The hydraulic telescopic three-section mechanical arm of an excavator according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the boom oil cylinder (1.1) is fully retracted, with one side of the arm (3) as the front and the other side as the rear in the horizontal direction, the center point of the connection between the upper connecting rod (1.2) and the boom (1) is located behind the center point of the connection between the lower connecting rod (1.3) and the base (0).

9. The hydraulic telescopic three-section mechanical arm of an excavator according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the boom oil cylinder (1.1) is in a fully retracted state, with one side of the forearm (3) as the front and the other side as the rear in the horizontal direction, the center point of the connection between the upper connecting rod (1.2), the lower connecting rod (1.3) and the boom oil cylinder (1.1) is located behind the center point of the connection between the upper connecting rod (1.2) and the boom (1).

Images