Air spacer for coal mine deep hole

Abstract

The utility model discloses an air spacer for a coal mine deep hole, which comprises a dosing hopper, a plurality of anti-skid edges are uniformly distributed on the outer side wall of the dosing hopper along the circumferential direction, an extrusion block is arranged at the center of the bottom of the dosing hopper along the axial direction in a sliding manner, and a plurality of supporting arms are arranged at the edge of the bottom of the dosing hopper along the circumferential direction around the extrusion block in a hinged manner; an extrusion slope is arranged on the outer side of the extrusion block, and a pressed slope matched with the extrusion slope is arranged on the side, close to the extrusion block, of the supporting arm; the top of the extrusion block is provided with a traction cable which upwards penetrates through the dosing hopper and extends to the outside of the deep hole, and the bottom of the dosing hopper is provided with an elastic locking piece which is clamped with the extrusion block in a limiting manner; according to the utility model, an air gap can be conveniently and efficiently formed in the deep hole, meanwhile, the stable fixation of the dosing hopper in the deep hole can be ensured, and the condition that the dosing hopper slides in the dosing process is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of deep hole blasting and relates to an air spacer for a deep hole in a coal mine. Background Art

[0002] Air gap charging technology is one of the commonly used technologies in deep hole blasting. Its function is to perform segmented sealing of the blasting deep hole at intervals, so that the initial peak pressure generated by the explosion of the explosive inside the deep hole is reduced, avoiding excessive crushing of the surrounding rock and soil layers around the deep hole due to excessive initial peak pressure of the explosion. At the same time, the utilization rate of the explosive blasting energy is improved through segmented air gaps.

[0003] In the prior art, air bags are commonly used to seal air gaps in deep blasting holes. The principle is to place the bag into the hole at a predetermined depth and inflate it so that it seals the hole in sections, forming air gaps. However, the air bags must possess sufficient strength and wear resistance, which results in high production costs. Furthermore, the bag requires proper inflation, making its operation very cumbersome.

[0004] At the same time, the prior art also discloses air spacer structures that replace airbags, such as the air spacer disclosed in patent document CN202022268540.1, which fixes the spacer body inside the deep hole by frictionally fitting a number of blades around the spacer body with the hole wall. However, there is a problem that the spacer body is not firmly fixed. Factors such as force and vibration applied during the installation of the spacer body in the deep hole will cause the blades to not fit tightly with the hole wall. This will cause the spacer body to slip in the deep hole when a sand layer and explosives are subsequently added to the spacer body, thereby affecting the final air spacer effect.

[0005] Therefore, in view of the above-mentioned problems existing in the existing air spacers for deep hole blasting, the utility model discloses an air spacer for coal mine deep hole. Utility Model Content

[0006] The purpose of the utility model is to provide an air spacer for deep holes in coal mines, which can form an air gap inside the deep hole conveniently and efficiently, and at the same time ensure that the dosing bucket is firmly fixed inside the deep hole, avoiding the dosing bucket from slipping during the dosing process.

[0007] The utility model is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0008] An air spacer for deep holes in coal mines, comprising a dosing hopper, a plurality of anti-slip ridges being evenly distributed circumferentially on the outer wall of the dosing hopper, an extrusion block being axially slidably provided at the bottom center of the dosing hopper, a plurality of support arms being hingedly provided circumferentially around the extrusion block at the bottom edge of the dosing hopper, an extrusion slope being provided on the outer side of the extrusion block, a pressure slope being provided on the side of the support arm close to the extrusion block and cooperating with the extrusion slope; a pulling cable being provided on the top of the extrusion block, which passes upward through the dosing hopper and extends to the outside of the deep hole, and an elastic locking piece being provided at the bottom of the dosing hopper and being limitedly engaged with the extrusion block.

[0009] The dosing hopper and the extrusion block are lowered into the deep hole by pulling the cable until the anti-skid ribs on the outside of the dosing hopper contact the hole wall, thereby achieving a preliminary fixation of the dosing hopper inside the deep hole. A force rod is then inserted into the deep hole to press against the top of the dosing hopper from top to bottom, while the pulling cable is pulled upward. The extrusion block slides upward under the traction of the pulling cable, causing the extrusion slope to press the pressure slope toward the hole wall, thereby causing the support arm to swing toward the hole wall until one end of the support arm is in close contact with the hole wall. Simultaneously, the extrusion block slides upward to a limited position, at which point the elastic locking member engages with the side of the extrusion block, preventing the extrusion block from further axial movement. This fixes the position of the extrusion block and the support arm, maintaining a state of close contact between the support arm and the hole wall. The pulling cable is then continuously applied until the connection between the pulling cable and the extrusion block breaks, allowing the pulling cable to be pulled and recovered from the hole. The dosing hopper is now fixed in the deep hole by the cooperation of the anti-skid ribs and the support arm. Then, sand and gravel can be filled into the charging hopper and the top of the anti-skid rib to form a sealing layer, and then explosives can be loaded into the charging hopper to complete the air separation of the deep hole.

[0010] In order to better realize the present utility model, further, an axial sleeve is provided at the bottom center of the dosing hopper, the top end of the extrusion block extends to the interior of the axial sleeve and is slidably connected with the axial sleeve, an elastic locking piece is provided on the side wall of the axial sleeve, and a card groove is provided on the outer side wall of the extrusion block for limiting the engagement with the elastic locking piece.

[0011] In order to better realize the present utility model, further, the elastic locking member includes a spring piece and a locking head. A mounting groove is provided on the side wall of the axial sleeve. A spring piece is clamped in the mounting groove. The end of the spring piece close to the extrusion block is connected to the locking head, and the locking head is clamped in the corresponding limit position of the clamping groove.

[0012] In order to better implement the present invention, further, a wire hole is provided at the center of the dosing hopper, one end of the pulling cable passes through the wire hole and is connected to a notched connecting piece, and the bottom end of the notched connecting piece is fixedly connected to the top of the extrusion block.

[0013] In order to better realize the present invention, further, a threaded column is provided at the bottom end of the notched connecting piece, a threaded hole is provided at the top of the extrusion block, and the threaded column is screwed and connected to the threaded hole.

[0014] In order to better realize the present utility model, further, the support arm includes a swing arm and an anti-slip pad. One end of the swing arm is hinged to the bottom edge of the dosing hopper, and the other end of the swing arm is connected to the anti-slip pad. A pressure slope is provided on one side of the swing arm.

[0015] In order to better realize the present invention, further, a non-slip cross pattern is provided on one side of the non-slip pad close to the wall of the deep hole.

[0016] In order to better implement the present invention, further, the areas between adjacent anti-slip ribs are filled with rubber pads.

[0017] In order to better realize the present utility model, further, a force-applying flange is provided on the top of the dosing hopper.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0019] (1) The utility model arranges anti-skid ribs on the outer circumference of the dosing hopper, and realizes the rapid positioning and fixing of the dosing hopper inside the deep hole through the contact between the anti-skid ribs and the hole wall; at the same time, rubber pads are arranged between adjacent anti-skid ribs, so that the rubber pads are squeezed during the lowering of the dosing hopper, and then the rubber pads are deformed to densely fill the area between adjacent anti-skid ribs, thereby ensuring the air gap sealing effect;

[0020] (2) The utility model pulls the extrusion block upward by pulling the cable, so that the extrusion slope on the outside of the extrusion block squeezes the pressure slope, thereby driving the support arm to rotate toward the hole wall, so that one end of the support arm is closely fitted with the hole wall, and the auxiliary anti-slip ribs are used to fix the dosing hopper, effectively preventing the dosing hopper from slipping inside the deep hole. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an air spacer for deep holes in coal mines;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the dosing hopper being fixed;

[0023] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the compressed inclined surface on one side of the support arm;

[0024] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the extrusion slope outside the extrusion block;

[0025] Figure 5 for Figure 1 A local enlarged view of point A;

[0026] Figure 6 for Figure 1 BB cross-sectional view.

[0027] Among them: 1-dosing hopper; 2-anti-slip rib; 3-extrusion block; 4-support arm; 5-pulling cable; 6-elastic locking piece; 7-axial sliding sleeve; 8-card slot; 9-notched connecting piece; 21-rubber pad; 41-swing arm; 42-anti-slip pad; 61-spring; 62-locking head; 100-extrusion slope; 200-pressure slope; 300-force flange. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following detailed description is illustrative and is intended to provide further explanation of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in the present invention have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0029] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless otherwise expressly specified in the present invention, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0030] For the convenience of description, if the words "up", "down", "left" and "right" appear in this utility model, they only indicate that they are consistent with the up, down, left and right directions of the drawings themselves, and do not limit the structure. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limiting the utility model.

[0031] Explanation of terms: The terms "install", "connect", "connect", "fix" and so on in this utility model should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection, a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, an internal connection between two elements, or an interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this utility model can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0032] Example 1:

[0033] An air spacer for deep holes in coal mines according to this embodiment, such as Figure 1-Figure 4As shown, it includes a dosing hopper 1, and a plurality of anti-slip ribs 2 are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction on the outer side wall of the dosing hopper 1. An extrusion block 3 is axially slidably provided at the bottom center of the dosing hopper 1, and a plurality of support arms 4 are hingedly provided around the extrusion block 3 along the circumferential direction at the bottom edge of the dosing hopper 1. An extrusion slope 100 is provided on the outer side of the extrusion block 3, and a pressure slope 200 cooperating with the extrusion slope 100 is provided on the side of the support arm 4 close to the extrusion block 3; a pulling cable 5 is provided on the top of the extrusion block 3, which passes through the dosing hopper 1 upward and extends to the outside of the deep hole, and an elastic locking piece 6 is provided at the bottom of the dosing hopper 1 to limit the engagement with the extrusion block 3.

[0034] The specific usage is as follows:

[0035] Step 1: Lower the pulling cable 5 to drive the dosing hopper 1 and the extrusion block 3 to the predetermined depth of the deep hole. At this time, the anti-slip ribs 2 on the outside of the dosing hopper 1 contact the hole wall to achieve preliminary fixation of the dosing hopper 1;

[0036] Step 2: Insert the force rod from the deep hole so that the bottom end of the force rod contacts the top of the dosing hopper 1. At the same time, apply force upward to pull the pulling cable 5 to drive the extrusion block 3 to slide upward relative to the dosing hopper 1. Under the interference of the force rod, the dosing hopper 1 is fixed;

[0037] Step 3: The extrusion block 3 slides upward to drive the extrusion slope 100 to squeeze the pressure slope 200, so that the support arm 4 rotates around the hinge with the bottom of the dosing hopper 1 toward the hole wall until one end of the support arm 4 is tightly in contact with the hole wall; at this time, the pulling cable 5 is pulled to the locking position, and the extrusion block 3 is engaged with the elastic locking member 6, so that the extrusion block 3 cannot slide further;

[0038] Step 4: Continue to apply force to pull the pulling cable 5 until the pulling force is greater than the allowable force at the connection between the pulling cable 5 and the extrusion block 3. At this time, the connection is disconnected, and the pulling cable 5 can be pulled back out of the deep hole, while the dosing hopper 1 is fixed at a predetermined depth inside the deep hole.

[0039] Step 5: Remove the force rod and evenly fill the dosing hopper 1 and the top of the anti-skid ribs 2 with sand and gravel. The particle size of the sand and gravel is larger than the gap between the anti-skid ribs 2, so that the sand and gravel accumulate at the bottom of the dosing hopper 1 and on the anti-skid ribs 2 to form a sealing layer, thereby sealing the air gap of the deep hole.

[0040] Step 6: Evenly fill the explosives into the charging hopper 1.

[0041] Further, such as Figure 5As shown, the area between adjacent anti-slip ribs 2 is filled with rubber pads 21, and the volume of the rubber pads 21 is larger than the volume of the area between adjacent anti-slip ribs 2, ensuring that when the dosing hopper 1 is in the process of lowering, the anti-slip ribs 2 collide with the hole wall and squeeze the rubber pads 21 at the same time. The rubber pads 21 are deformed to densely fill the area between adjacent anti-slip ribs 2, further ensuring the air gap sealing effect inside the deep hole.

[0042] Furthermore, a force-applying flange 300 is provided on the top of the medicine-adding hopper 1 , and the bottom end of the force-applying rod contacts the top surface of the force-applying flange 300 , which helps the force-applying rod to contact the medicine-adding hopper 1 stably.

[0043] Example 2:

[0044] An air spacer for deep holes in coal mines, improved on the basis of Example 1, such as Figure 3 As shown, an axial sleeve 7 is provided at the bottom center of the dosing hopper 1, the top end of the extrusion block 3 extends to the interior of the axial sleeve 7 and is slidably connected with the axial sleeve 7, an elastic locking piece 6 is provided on the side wall of the axial sleeve 7, and a card groove 8 corresponding to the elastic locking piece 6 is provided on the outer side wall of the extrusion block 3.

[0045] The top end of the extrusion block 3 extends into the interior of the axial sleeve 7, while the bottom end of the extrusion block 3 is located outside the axial sleeve 7. An extrusion slope 100 is circumferentially provided on the outer surface of the bottom end of the extrusion block 3. Under the traction of the pulling cable 5, the extrusion block 3 slides upward along the axial sleeve 7, thereby driving the extrusion slope 100 to press against the pressure slope 200. When the extrusion block 3 slides upward to the limit position, the locking groove 8 on the outside of the extrusion block 3 engages with the elastic locking member 6 on the inner wall of the axial sleeve 7, thereby limiting the axial position of the extrusion block 3.

[0046] The rest of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1, so it will not be described again.

[0047] Example 3:

[0048] An air spacer for deep holes in coal mines, improved on the basis of embodiment 1 or 2, such as Figure 5 As shown, the elastic locking member 6 includes a spring piece 61 and a locking head 62. A mounting groove is provided on the side wall of the axial sleeve 7. The spring piece 61 is clamped in the mounting groove. The end of the spring piece 61 close to the extrusion block 3 is connected to the locking head 62. The locking head 62 is clamped in the corresponding position of the card slot 8.

[0049] When the extrusion block 3 slides upward to the limit position, the slot 8 is aligned with the locking head 62, and the spring 61 rebounds to drive the locking head 62 into the slot 8 and engage with the slot 8, thereby achieving axial limit fixation of the extrusion block 3.

[0050] The rest of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1 or 2, so they will not be described again.

[0051] Example 4:

[0052] An air spacer for deep holes in coal mines, improved on the basis of any one of embodiments 1-3, such as Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, a wire hole is provided at the center of the dosing hopper 1 , one end of the pulling cable 5 passes through the wire hole and is connected to a notched connecting piece 9 , and the bottom end of the notched connecting piece 9 is fixedly connected to the top of the extrusion block 3 .

[0053] After the extrusion block 3 slides upward to the limit position and is locked by the elastic locking piece 6, the extrusion block 3 cannot continue to slide upward at this time, and the pulling cable 5 continues to be pulled with force, so that the pulling force is greater than the allowable force of the notched connecting piece 9. At this time, the notched connecting piece 9 breaks, causing the pulling cable 5 to separate from the extrusion block 3. At this time, the pulling cable 5 can be pulled back to the outside of the deep hole without affecting the dosing hopper 1 remaining inside the deep hole.

[0054] Furthermore, a threaded column is provided at the bottom end of the notched connecting piece 9, and a threaded hole is provided at the top of the extrusion block 3, and the threaded column is screwed and connected to the threaded hole.

[0055] The rest of this embodiment is the same as any one of Embodiments 1-3, so they will not be described in detail.

[0056] Example 5:

[0057] An air spacer for deep holes in coal mines, improved on the basis of any one of embodiments 1-4, such as Figure 2 As shown, the support arm 4 includes a swing arm 41 and an anti-slip pad 42. One end of the swing arm 41 is hinged to the bottom edge of the dosing hopper 1, and the other end of the swing arm 41 is connected to the anti-slip pad 42. A pressure slope 200 is provided on one side of the swing arm 41.

[0058] One end of the swing arm 41 is hinged to the support ear at the bottom edge of the dosing hopper 1 through a hinge shaft. When the extrusion block 3 slides upward, it drives the extrusion inclined surface 100 to squeeze the pressure inclined surface 200, thereby causing the swing arm 41 to rotate around the hinge toward the direction close to the hole wall, and finally drives the anti-slip pad 42 to tightly contact the hole wall. Through the tight contact between the anti-slip pad 42, the anti-slip rib 2 and the hole wall, the dosing hopper 1 can be firmly fixed at a predetermined depth position inside the deep hole.

[0059] Furthermore, the anti-slip pad 42 is provided with an anti-slip cross pattern on one side close to the deep hole wall. By providing the anti-slip cross pattern, the friction between the anti-slip pad 42 and the hole wall can be increased, ensuring that the dosing hopper 1 is firmly installed at a predetermined depth position inside the deep hole.

[0060] The rest of this embodiment is the same as any one of Embodiments 1-4, and therefore will not be described in detail.

[0061] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the present invention in any form. Any simple modifications or equivalent changes made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An air spacer for deep holes in coal mines, comprising a dosing hopper (1), characterized in that: A plurality of anti-slip ribs (2) are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction on the outer wall of the dosing hopper (1); an extrusion block (3) is axially slidably provided at the bottom center of the dosing hopper (1); a plurality of support arms (4) are hingedly provided around the extrusion block (3) along the circumferential direction at the bottom edge of the dosing hopper (1); an extrusion slope (100) is provided on the outer side of the extrusion block (3); a pressure slope (200) cooperating with the extrusion slope (100) is provided on the side of the support arm (4) close to the extrusion block (3); a pulling cable (5) is provided on the top of the extrusion block (3) and extends upward through the dosing hopper (1) and to the outside of the deep hole; and an elastic locking member (6) is provided at the bottom of the dosing hopper (1) and is limitedly engaged with the extrusion block (3).

2. The air spacer for deep holes in coal mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: An axial sleeve (7) is provided at the bottom center of the dosing hopper (1), the top end of the extrusion block (3) extends to the interior of the axial sleeve (7) and is slidably connected to the axial sleeve (7), an elastic locking piece (6) is provided on the side wall of the axial sleeve (7), and a slot (8) corresponding to the elastic locking piece (6) is provided on the outer side wall of the extrusion block (3).

3. The air spacer for deep holes in coal mines according to claim 2, characterized in that: The elastic locking member (6) includes a spring piece (61) and a locking head (62). A mounting groove is provided on the side wall of the axial sliding sleeve (7). The spring piece (61) is clamped in the mounting groove. The end of the spring piece (61) close to the extrusion block (3) is connected to the locking head (62). The locking head (62) is correspondingly limited and clamped with the clamping groove (8).

4. An air spacer for deep holes in coal mines according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: A wire hole is provided at the center of the dosing hopper (1), one end of the pulling cable (5) passes through the wire hole and is connected to a notched connecting piece (9), and the bottom end of the notched connecting piece (9) is fixedly connected to the top of the extrusion block (3).

5. The air spacer for deep holes in coal mines according to claim 4, characterized in that: The bottom end of the notched connecting piece (9) is provided with a threaded column, and the top of the extrusion block (3) is provided with a threaded hole, and the threaded column is screwed and connected to the threaded hole.

6. An air spacer for deep holes in coal mines according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The support arm (4) comprises a swing arm (41) and an anti-skid pad (42); one end of the swing arm (41) is hinged to the bottom edge of the dosing hopper (1); the other end of the swing arm (41) is connected to the anti-skid pad (42); and one side of the swing arm (41) is provided with a pressure inclined surface (200).

7. The air spacer for deep holes in coal mines according to claim 6, characterized in that: The anti-skid pad (42) is provided with an anti-skid cross pattern on one side close to the wall of the deep hole.

8. An air spacer for deep holes in coal mines according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The area between adjacent anti-slip ribs (2) is filled with rubber pads (21).

9. An air spacer for deep holes in coal mines according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: A force-applying flange (300) is provided on the top of the medicine-adding hopper (1).

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