Vehicle sensor mounting structure and unmanned vehicle

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of unmanned vehicles, and provides a vehicle sensor mounting structure and an unmanned vehicle. The top wall and the bottom wall of the shell are arranged in a spaced mode in the vertical direction, the peripheral side wall of the shell is fixed to the top wall and detachably connected with the bottom wall, and a first receding opening is formed in the bottom wall; the first support comprises a first connecting part and a second connecting part, the first connecting part and the top wall are arranged in a spaced mode in the vertical direction, the second connecting part is connected with the first connecting part and the top wall and detachably connected with the top wall, one end of the first sensor is installed on the first connecting part, and the other end of the first sensor can stretch out of the first avoiding opening. The first connecting part is provided with a second avoiding opening, and at least part of the area of the first sensor coincides with the second avoiding opening through projection in the vertical direction. The arrangement of the first support facilitates the installation of the first sensor, and enhances the installation matching degree of the unmanned vehicle and the first sensors of different models.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of unmanned vehicles, in particular to a vehicle sensor installation structure and an unmanned vehicle. Background Art

[0002] As autonomous driving technology matures, driverless cars are becoming widely used. They primarily rely on radar and other sensors to acquire information about their surroundings, using this information to plan routes and avoid obstacles. Therefore, the safety and reliability of driverless cars are fundamentally based on this information.

[0003] Technology is also constantly updating. The more advanced the radar carried by the unmanned vehicle, the more accurate and wider the range of environmental information it obtains, which helps it to make accurate judgments on road conditions.

[0004] However, at present, the installation structure of sensors and unmanned vehicles is mostly customized according to the corresponding radar or sensor models, which is not conducive to the frequent upgrade and replacement of radar and other sensors of unmanned vehicles, limiting the improvement progress of unmanned vehicles.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a vehicle sensor installation structure and an unmanned vehicle to solve the above technical problems. Utility Model Content

[0006] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a vehicle sensor installation structure and an unmanned vehicle, which can enhance the installation matching degree between the unmanned vehicle and first sensors of different models.

[0007] To achieve this purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] The vehicle sensor mounting structure includes:

[0009] A housing, wherein the top wall and the bottom wall of the housing are spaced apart in the vertical direction, the peripheral side walls of the housing are fixed to the top wall and detachably connected to the bottom wall, and the bottom wall is provided with a first avoidance opening;

[0010] The first bracket includes a first connecting portion and a second connecting portion, the first connecting portion and the top wall are spaced apart in the vertical direction, the second connecting portion connects the first connecting portion and the top wall, and is detachably connected to the top wall, one end of the first sensor is installed on the first connecting portion, and the other end of the first sensor can extend from the first avoidance opening, the first connecting portion is provided with a second avoidance opening, and when projected in the vertical direction, at least a partial area of ​​the first sensor overlaps with the second avoidance opening.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution for the above-mentioned vehicle sensor mounting structure, the above-mentioned second connecting portion is provided with a first waist-shaped hole, the above-mentioned first bracket is connected to the above-mentioned shell through a first fastener, the above-mentioned first fastener is inserted into the above-mentioned first waist-shaped hole, and can slide relative to the above-mentioned first bracket along the length direction of the above-mentioned first waist-shaped hole.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution for the above-mentioned vehicle sensor mounting structure, the above-mentioned first bracket is in a cross shape, and the above-mentioned second connecting parts are provided with two, which are respectively located on opposite sides of the above-mentioned first connecting part in the horizontal direction, and the above-mentioned second connecting parts are at least partially able to fit with the top wall of the above-mentioned shell.

[0013] As an optimal technical solution for the above-mentioned vehicle sensor mounting structure, it also includes a second bracket, the above-mentioned second bracket includes a third connecting part and a fourth connecting part, the above-mentioned third connecting part is spaced apart from the peripheral side wall of the above-mentioned shell, the above-mentioned fourth connecting part connects the above-mentioned third connecting part and the above-mentioned peripheral side wall, the above-mentioned peripheral side wall is provided with a third avoidance opening, the second sensor is installed on the above-mentioned third connecting part and can obtain environmental information outside the above-mentioned shell from the above-mentioned third avoidance opening.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution for the above-mentioned vehicle sensor mounting structure, the above-mentioned fourth connecting portion is provided with a second waist-shaped hole, the above-mentioned second bracket is connected to the above-mentioned shell through a second fastener, the above-mentioned second fastener is inserted into the above-mentioned second waist-shaped hole, and can slide relative to the above-mentioned second bracket along the length direction of the above-mentioned second waist-shaped hole.

[0015] As an optimal technical solution for the above-mentioned vehicle sensor mounting structure, it also includes a partition, which is located between the above-mentioned first bracket and the above-mentioned second bracket. The above-mentioned partition is fixed to the above-mentioned bottom wall and the above-mentioned peripheral side wall, and is spaced apart from the above-mentioned top wall to form an air flow channel. The above-mentioned bottom wall is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, and a cooling fan is installed at the above-mentioned air outlet. The above-mentioned cooling fan can drive the air flow outside the above-mentioned shell to pass through the above-mentioned air inlet, the above-mentioned first sensor, the above-mentioned air flow channel in sequence, and then be discharged from the above-mentioned air outlet.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution of the above-mentioned vehicle sensor installation structure, a plurality of the above-mentioned air inlets are provided, which are evenly distributed around the axis of the above-mentioned first avoidance opening.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution of the above-mentioned vehicle sensor installation structure, it further includes a gasket, and the gasket is clamped between the second connecting portion and the top wall.

[0018] As an optimal technical solution for the above-mentioned vehicle sensor installation structure, a limiting groove is formed on the peripheral side wall of the above-mentioned shell, and the side wall of the above-mentioned limiting groove is provided with a mounting hole and a fourth avoidance opening, and the wiring harness of the above-mentioned first sensor can pass through the above-mentioned fourth avoidance opening.

[0019] An unmanned vehicle is also provided, comprising a vehicle body and the above-mentioned vehicle sensor mounting structure, wherein the above-mentioned shell is connected to the above-mentioned vehicle body via threaded fasteners.

[0020] Beneficial effects of the utility model:

[0021] The top wall, bottom wall, and circumferential side walls of the shell are connected to form a relatively closed cavity. The circumferential side walls are fixed to the top wall and detachably connected to the bottom wall. The first sensor is installed in the shell via a first bracket. The first bracket includes a first connecting portion and a second connecting portion. The tail end of the first sensor is installed on the first connecting portion. The second connecting portion connects the first connecting portion to the top wall of the shell. The head end of the first sensor can extend out of the shell from the first avoidance opening to obtain environmental information outside the shell. Furthermore, the second avoidance opening provided on the first connecting portion can not only reduce the overall weight of the first bracket and reduce the load burden on the top wall of the shell, but also avoid the tail end of the first sensor to dissipate heat from the first sensor, and can allow the tail end of some models of the first sensor to pass through the second avoidance opening so that the first sensor can be fixed to the first bracket.

[0022] In this way, the design of the first bracket can avoid the first sensor from being directly installed on the shell. The detachable connection between the first bracket and the shell allows the first sensor to be assembled with the first bracket first, and then the first bracket and the first sensor are installed as a whole in the shell, which can simplify the installation. The first bracket can be replaced accordingly according to the shape or arrangement of the first sensor, so that the first sensor can always be extended from the first avoidance opening, and the second avoidance opening of the first bracket can be adapted to the installation of more first sensor models, thereby enhancing versatility. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the contents of the embodiments of the present invention and these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the vehicle sensor installation structure (excluding the bottom wall) provided by an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of the housing (excluding the bottom wall) provided by an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of the bottom wall provided by an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic structural diagram of the peripheral side wall provided by an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second bracket provided in the embodiment of the utility model Figure 1 ;

[0029] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second bracket provided in the embodiment of the utility model Figure 2 ;

[0030] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the first bracket provided in an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0031] In the picture:

[0032] 100, housing; 110, top wall; 120, bottom wall; 121, first avoidance opening; 122, air inlet; 123, air outlet; 130, peripheral side wall; 131, third avoidance opening; 132, limiting groove; 133, mounting hole; 134, fourth avoidance opening;

[0033] 200, first bracket; 210, first connecting portion; 211, second avoidance opening; 220, second connecting portion; 221, first waist-shaped hole;

[0034] 310, first fastener; 320, second fastener;

[0035] 400, second bracket; 410, third connecting portion; 420, fourth connecting portion; 421, second waist-shaped hole; 500, partition. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are intended only to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. It should also be noted that, for ease of description, the accompanying drawings only illustrate portions relevant to the present invention, not all of its components.

[0037] In the description of this utility model, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "connected," "connect," and "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integration; mechanical connection or electrical connection; direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; internal communication between two components or interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0038] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may include the first and second features being in direct contact, or may include the first and second features being in contact not directly but through another feature between them. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "above," and "above" a second feature may include the first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below," "below," and "below" a second feature may include the first feature being directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0039] In the description of this embodiment, the terms "upper," "lower," "right," and other orientations or positional relationships are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are intended solely for ease of description and simplified operation. They do not indicate or imply that the devices or components referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used solely for descriptive purposes and have no special meaning.

[0040] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, the present invention provides a vehicle sensor mounting structure, comprising a housing 100 and a first bracket 200. The top wall 110 and bottom wall 120 of the housing 100 are spaced apart in the vertical direction. The circumferential sidewalls 130 of the housing 100 are fixed to the top wall 110 and detachably connected to the bottom wall 120. The bottom wall 120 defines a first escape opening 121. The first bracket 200 comprises a first connecting portion 210 and a second connecting portion 220. The first connecting portion 210 is spaced apart in the vertical direction from the top wall 110. The second connecting portion 220 connects the first connecting portion 210 and the top wall 110 and is detachably connected to the top wall 110. One end of a first sensor is mounted on the first connecting portion 210, and the other end of the first sensor can extend from the first escape opening 121. The first connecting portion 210 defines a second escape opening 211. When projected in the vertical direction, at least a portion of the first sensor overlaps with the second escape opening 211.

[0041] Specifically, the top wall 110, bottom wall 120 and side wall 130 of the shell 100 are connected to form a relatively closed cavity. The side wall 130 is fixed to the top wall 110 and is detachably connected to the bottom wall 120. The first sensor is installed in the shell 100 through the first bracket 200. The first bracket 200 includes a first connecting part 210 and a second connecting part 220. The tail end of the first sensor is installed on the first connecting part 210. The second connecting part 220 connects the first connecting part 210 and the top wall 110 of the shell 100. The head end of the first sensor can extend out of the shell 100 from the first avoidance opening 121 to obtain environmental information outside the shell 100. Furthermore, the second avoidance opening 211 provided in the first connecting portion 210 can not only reduce the overall weight of the first bracket 200 and reduce the load burden on the top wall 110 of the shell 100, but also avoid the tail end of the first sensor to allow the first sensor to dissipate heat, and allow the tail end of some models of the first sensor to pass through the second avoidance opening 211 so that the first sensor is fixed to the first bracket 200.

[0042] In this way, the design of the first bracket 200 can avoid the first sensor from being directly installed on the shell 100. The detachable connection between the first bracket 200 and the shell 100 allows the first sensor to be assembled with the first bracket 200 first, and then the first bracket 200 and the first sensor are installed as a whole in the shell 100, which can simplify the installation. The first bracket 200 can be replaced accordingly according to the shape or arrangement of the first sensor, so that the first sensor can always be extended from the first avoidance opening 121, and the second avoidance opening 211 of the first bracket 200 can be adapted to the installation of more first sensor models, thereby enhancing versatility.

[0043] Exemplarily, in this embodiment, the first sensor is a radar.

[0044] Exemplarily, the first bracket 200 is in a cross shape, and two second connecting parts 220 are provided, respectively located on opposite sides of the first connecting part 210 in the horizontal direction. The second connecting parts 220 are at least partially able to fit with the top wall 110 of the shell 100, and a cavity is formed between the first bracket 200 and the top wall 110 of the shell 100.

[0045] Optionally, the second connecting portion 220 is provided with a first waist-shaped hole 221 , and the first bracket 200 is connected to the shell 100 through a first fastener 310 . The first fastener 310 is inserted into the first waist-shaped hole 221 and can slide relative to the first bracket 200 along the length direction of the first waist-shaped hole 221 .

[0046] Exemplarily, the first fastener 310 is a bolt that vertically penetrates the top wall 110 of the housing 100 and is inserted into the first waist-shaped hole 221. The first bracket 200 can move relative to the first fastener 310 along the length of the first waist-shaped hole 221, which is horizontal. After position adjustment, the first fastener 310 is threadedly connected to the nut to secure the first bracket 200. In this way, the relative position between the first bracket 200 and the housing 100 can be adjusted based on factors such as the shape of the first sensor and the placement of the first sensor, so that the first sensor is always aligned with the first avoidance opening 121.

[0047] Illustratively, the first fastener 310 is integrally formed with the housing 100 .

[0048] Optionally, the first connecting portion 210 and the second connecting portion 220 of the first bracket 200 are movably connected, so that the first connecting portion 210 can move in the vertical direction relative to the top wall 110 of the housing 100. Exemplarily, the first connecting portion 210 has a waist-shaped hole, the length of which is parallel to the vertical direction. The fastener passes through the second connecting portion 220 and is inserted into the waist-shaped hole, and can move or be locked in the waist-shaped hole in the vertical direction.

[0049] Optionally, the vehicle sensor mounting structure also includes a second bracket 400, the second bracket 400 includes a third connecting part 410 and a fourth connecting part 420, the third connecting part 410 is spaced apart from the peripheral side wall 130 of the shell 100, the fourth connecting part 420 connects the third connecting part 410 and the peripheral side wall 130, the peripheral side wall 130 is provided with a third avoidance opening 131, the second sensor is installed on the third connecting part 410 and can obtain environmental information outside the shell 100 from the third avoidance opening 131.

[0050] Exemplarily, in this embodiment, the second sensor is a visual sensor.

[0051] For example, Figure 5 As shown, the second bracket 400 is in a "X" shape, and two fourth connecting parts 420 are provided, which are respectively formed on opposite sides of the third connecting part 410. A cavity is formed between the second bracket 400 and the side wall of the shell 100. The second sensor is installed in the cavity. One end of the second sensor is fixed to the third connecting part 410 of the second bracket 400, and the other end is a sensing end that can obtain environmental information outside the shell 100 from the third avoidance opening 131.

[0052] For example, Figure 6 As shown, the second bracket 400 is L-shaped, that is, the fourth connection portion 420 is formed on one side of the third connection portion 410 .

[0053] Optionally, the fourth connecting portion 420 is provided with a second waist-shaped hole 421 , and the second bracket 400 is connected to the shell 100 via a second fastener 320 . The second fastener 320 is inserted into the second waist-shaped hole 421 and can slide relative to the second bracket 400 along the length direction of the second waist-shaped hole 421 .

[0054] Exemplarily, the second fastener 320 is a bolt that passes horizontally through the peripheral sidewall 130 of the housing 100 and is inserted into the second waist-shaped hole 421. The second bracket 400 can move relative to the second fastener 320 along the length of the second waist-shaped hole 421, which is vertical. After position adjustment, the second fastener 320 is threadedly connected to the nut to secure the second bracket 400. In this way, the relative position between the second bracket 400 and the housing 100 can be adjusted based on factors such as the shape of the second sensor and the placement of the second sensor, so that the second sensor is always aligned with the third avoidance opening 131.

[0055] Illustratively, the second fastener 320 is integrally formed with the housing 100 .

[0056] Optionally, the vehicle sensor mounting structure also includes a partition 500, which is located between the first bracket 200 and the second bracket 400. The partition 500 is fixed to the bottom wall 120 and the surrounding side wall 130, and is spaced apart from the top wall 110 to form an air flow channel. The bottom wall 120 is provided with an air inlet 122 and an air outlet 123. A cooling fan is installed at the air outlet 123. The cooling fan can drive the air flow outside the shell 100 to pass through the air inlet 122, the first sensor, and the air flow channel in sequence, and then be discharged from the air outlet 123.

[0057] In this way, the partition 500 divides the space within the housing 100 into two relatively independent cavities. The cavity where the first bracket 200 is located is recorded as the first cavity, and the cavity where the second bracket 400 is located is recorded as the second cavity. The first cavity and the second cavity are connected through an airflow channel formed at the top. When the first sensor overheats, the cooling fan is activated, so that a negative pressure environment is formed in the housing 100. The gas outside the housing 100 forms an airflow due to the pressure difference and flows into the housing 100 to dissipate heat for the first sensor. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the air inlet 122 and the air outlet 123 are both opened on the bottom wall 120 of the housing 100, which can prevent rainwater from entering the housing 100 on rainy days. The cooling fan is installed at the air outlet 123 to reduce its suction force on rainwater, preventing the airflow from carrying rainwater into the housing 100 due to excessive suction force.

[0058] Optionally, a plurality of air inlets 122 are provided, which are evenly distributed around the axis of the first avoidance opening 121. In this way, the first sensor can be evenly cooled.

[0059] Optionally, the vehicle sensor mounting structure further includes a gasket, which is sandwiched between the second connecting portion 220 and the top wall 110. In this way, the vertical distance between the first connecting portion 210 and the first avoidance opening 121 can be changed by adding or removing gaskets to accommodate more types of first sensors.

[0060] Optionally, a limiting groove 132 is formed on the peripheral side wall 130 of the housing 100 , and a mounting hole 133 and a fourth avoidance opening 134 are opened on the side wall of the limiting groove 132 , and the wiring harness of the first sensor can pass through the fourth avoidance opening 134 .

[0061] Specifically, when the vehicle sensor mounting structure is mounted on the vehicle body, the corners of the two side walls of the vehicle body are inserted into retaining grooves 132. The side walls of retaining grooves 132 are fixed to the two side walls of the vehicle body, ensuring a stable installation of the vehicle sensor mounting structure and the vehicle body. Furthermore, mounting holes 133 are concealed within retaining grooves 132, ensuring that the wiring harness of the first sensor is not exposed after the vehicle sensor mounting structure is assembled with the vehicle body.

[0062] An unmanned vehicle is also provided, comprising a vehicle body and the above-mentioned vehicle sensor mounting structure, wherein the housing 100 is connected to the vehicle body via a threaded fastener. Specifically, the threaded fastener is threadedly fixed to the vehicle body via the mounting hole 133 .

[0063] Furthermore, the above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, and that various obvious changes, readjustments, and substitutions are possible for those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in detail through the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments and may include many other equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A vehicle sensor mounting structure, characterized in that: include: A housing (100), wherein a top wall (110) and a bottom wall (120) of the housing (100) are spaced apart in a vertical direction, a peripheral side wall (130) of the housing (100) is fixed to the top wall (110) and is detachably connected to the bottom wall (120), and a first avoidance opening (121) is provided on the bottom wall (120); A first bracket (200), the first bracket (200) includes a first connecting portion (210) and a second connecting portion (220), the first connecting portion (210) and the top wall (110) are spaced apart in the vertical direction, the second connecting portion (220) connects the first connecting portion (210) and the top wall (110), and is detachably connected to the top wall (110), one end of a first sensor is mounted on the first connecting portion (210), the other end of the first sensor can extend from the first avoidance opening (121), the first connecting portion (210) is provided with a second avoidance opening (211), and when projected in the vertical direction, at least a portion of the first sensor overlaps with the second avoidance opening (211).

2. The vehicle sensor mounting structure according to claim 1, wherein: The second connecting portion (220) is provided with a first waist-shaped hole (221); the first bracket (200) is connected to the housing (100) via a first fastener (310); the first fastener (310) is inserted into the first waist-shaped hole (221) and is capable of sliding relative to the first bracket (200) along the length direction of the first waist-shaped hole (221).

3. The vehicle sensor mounting structure according to claim 1, wherein: The first bracket (200) is in a "X" shape, and two second connecting parts (220) are provided, respectively located on opposite sides of the first connecting part (210) in a horizontal direction, and at least a portion of the second connecting part (220) is capable of being in contact with the top wall (110) of the shell (100).

4. The vehicle sensor mounting structure according to claim 1, wherein: The invention also includes a second bracket (400), wherein the second bracket (400) includes a third connecting portion (410) and a fourth connecting portion (420), wherein the third connecting portion (410) is spaced apart from the peripheral side wall (130) of the shell (100), and the fourth connecting portion (420) connects the third connecting portion (410) and the peripheral side wall (130), and the peripheral side wall (130) is provided with a third avoidance opening (131), and a second sensor is installed on the third connecting portion (410) and can obtain environmental information outside the shell (100) from the third avoidance opening (131).

5. The vehicle sensor mounting structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The fourth connecting portion (420) is provided with a second waist-shaped hole (421), and the second bracket (400) is connected to the housing (100) via a second fastener (320). The second fastener (320) is inserted into the second waist-shaped hole (421) and can slide relative to the second bracket (400) along the length direction of the second waist-shaped hole (421).

6. The vehicle sensor mounting structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The invention also includes a partition (500), wherein the partition (500) is located between the first bracket (200) and the second bracket (400), and the partition (500) is fixed to the bottom wall (120) and the peripheral side wall (130), and is spaced apart from the top wall (110) to form an air flow channel. The bottom wall (120) is provided with an air inlet (122) and an air outlet (123), and a heat dissipation fan is installed at the air outlet (123). The heat dissipation fan can drive the air flow outside the housing (100) to pass through the air inlet (122), the first sensor, and the air flow channel in sequence, and then be discharged from the air outlet (123).

7. The vehicle sensor mounting structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: A plurality of air inlets (122) are provided, which are evenly distributed around the axis of the first avoidance opening (121).

8. The vehicle sensor mounting structure according to claim 1, wherein: It also includes a gasket, which is sandwiched between the second connecting portion (220) and the top wall (110).

9. The vehicle sensor mounting structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: A limiting groove (132) is formed on the peripheral side wall (130) of the housing (100); a mounting hole (133) and a fourth avoidance opening (134) are provided on the side wall of the limiting groove (132); and a wiring harness of the first sensor can pass through the fourth avoidance opening (134).

10. Unmanned vehicle, characterized in that: The invention comprises a vehicle body and a vehicle sensor installation structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the housing (100) is connected to the vehicle body via threaded fasteners.

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