Device for preparing high-calorific-value fuel gas from biomass

Abstract

The utility model discloses a device for preparing high-calorific-value fuel gas from biomass, and relates to the technical field of fuel gas preparation. The device consists of a dry distillation pyrolyzer, a carbon collecting hopper, a fuel gas generator, a steam superheater, a steam preheater and a steam generator, and is used for recovering waste heat discharged by dry distillation pyrolysis to generate steam, preheating and superheating the steam, feeding the steam into the fuel gas generator, and reacting the steam with dry distillation carbon to generate hydrogen and carbon monoxide combustible gas under the condition of activation temperature. The waste heat is fed into the dry distillation pyrolyzer to perform dry distillation on the biomass, combustible gas is separated out, and the purpose of preparing high-calorific-value fuel gas from the biomass is achieved by recycling energy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of gas production, in particular to a device for producing high calorific value gas from biomass. Background Art

[0002] Biomass resources are abundant, including straw from farmers, branches trimmed by fruit growers, bamboo branches from bamboo farmers, shrub firewood from mountain dwellers, and industrial waste and sawdust. While some are used for power generation and some are made into pellets to replace coal in boilers, the vast majority of biomass farmers use it as firewood for cooking, which is inefficient and pollutes the environment with smoke. People are constantly searching for simple, convenient, and efficient ways to replace traditional, inefficient methods that meet modern requirements.

[0003] Existing biomass gasifiers, known as biomass gasifiers, actually discharge incompletely burned reducing gases midway through the combustion and redox processes. This is known as a "biomass gasifier." This gas contains large amounts of combustion products, CO2 and N2, along with a significant amount of excess air, O2 and N2. This dilutes the calorific value per unit volume, resulting in a low calorific value for the resulting "gas," limiting its widespread use. Rural farmers desire access to natural gas, similar to urban residents. However, the dispersed nature of rural populations and limited natural gas resources hinder widespread access.

[0004] Therefore, a device for preparing high calorific value fuel gas from biomass is proposed. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems mentioned in the above background technology, and to provide a device for producing high calorific value fuel gas from biomass.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention specifically adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A device for producing high calorific value gas from biomass includes a dry distillation pyrolyzer, a carbon collecting hopper fixedly connected to the bottom of the dry distillation pyrolyzer, a gas generator provided at the lower end of the carbon collecting hopper, a steam superheater fixedly connected to the right side of the dry distillation pyrolyzer, a steam preheater and a steam generator installed in sequence below the steam superheater, and a plurality of tubular reactors provided inside the dry distillation pyrolyzer.

[0008] Furthermore, the tubular reaction tube is fixedly connected to the dry distillation pyrolyzer, the upper end of the tubular reaction tube is provided with a sealed rotary feed valve, the lower end of the tubular reaction tube is provided with a sealed rotary charcoal discharge valve, and the center of the tubular reaction tube is fixedly plugged with a dry distillation gas collection pipe.

[0009] Furthermore, a high-temperature flue gas inlet hole is opened at the bottom of the dry distillation pyrolyzer, a supplementary combustion burner is installed at the bottom of the dry distillation pyrolyzer, a dry distillation flue gas outlet is opened at the right top of the dry distillation pyrolyzer, and the dry distillation flue gas outlet is connected to the steam superheater.

[0010] Furthermore, the gas generator includes a tubular gas reactor, and the tubular gas reactor is fixedly installed in the middle of the gas generator, and a sealed rotary carbon inlet valve is provided at the upper end of the tubular gas reactor.

[0011] Furthermore, a sealed rotary slag valve is provided at the lower end of the tubular gas reactor, a plurality of steam inlet holes are opened on the surface of the tubular gas reactor, an annular steam inlet chamber is provided on the outside of the tubular gas reactor, and an outer wall of the gas generator is provided with an insulation layer.

[0012] Furthermore, a finned coil-type steam superheater is installed on the periphery of the tubular gas reactor (17), a heating burner is fixedly installed on the bottom of the gas generator, a flue gas exhaust port is opened on the top of the gas generator, and a gas collecting pipe is fixedly plugged into the center of the tubular gas reactor.

[0013] Furthermore, a steam inlet valve is provided on the outside of the finned coil steam superheater.

[0014] Furthermore, the steam generator includes an inlet header, and the inlet header is arranged on the right side of the steam generator. A spiral fin tube is arranged in the steam generator, and the spiral fin tube and the inlet header are connected. The end of the spiral fin tube is fixedly connected with a smooth tube elbow, and the spiral fin tube (28) is welded to the tube plate. An outlet header is also arranged on the right side of the steam generator, and the end of the outlet header is fixedly connected with a steam-water separator.

[0015] Furthermore, a saturated steam outlet valve is provided at the top of the steam-water separator, a return pipe is provided below the steam-water separator, and an outer wall of the steam generator is provided with a heat-insulating layer.

[0016] Furthermore, the internal temperature of the gas generator is maintained at 800-850° C. during operation.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows:

[0018] Start the heating burner in the gas generator to maintain a temperature of 800-850°C. If the temperature in the retort falls below 600°C, start the supplemental burner to maintain it above 600°C. At this point, add water to the steam generator and close the saturated steam outlet valve to vent the steam. Once operating conditions stabilize, close the vent valve and open the saturated steam valve. Steam enters the steam preheater and steam superheater, then through the steam inlet valve into the steam superheater in the gas reactor, and then into the annular steam inlet chamber. Steam enters the tubular reactor tubes through small holes in the tubular reactor wall, where it reacts with the incoming carbonized charcoal. The generated gas is discharged through a gas collection pipe. Samples are taken from the sealed rotary charcoal discharge valve for industrial analysis. If the volatility meets the required level, the carbonized charcoal is considered qualified. If not, the sealed rotary feed valve and sealed rotary charcoal discharge valve should be adjusted. The carbon content of the ash is sampled after the sealed rotary slag discharge valve to facilitate slag removal and assess operational economics. Steam pressure is generally no greater than 2 meters of water column. The steam generator pressure head determines the resistance of each component. Biomass is first subjected to closed dry distillation to separate out volatiles, and the heat is recycled to generate steam. The steam then reacts with the charcoal in a closed space to generate hydrogen and carbon monoxide, achieving the maximum calorific value of the combustible gas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the utility model;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a front cross-sectional view of the steam generator structure of the utility model;

[0021] Figure numerals: 1 dry distillation pyrolyzer, 2 carbon collecting hopper, 3 gas generator, 4 steam superheater, 5 steam preheater, 6 steam generator, 7 sealed rotary feed valve, 8 dry distillation flue gas outlet, 9 tubular reaction tube, 10 dry distillation gas collecting pipe, 11 dry distillation insulation layer, 12 high-temperature flue gas inlet hole, 13 afterburning burner, 14 sealed rotary carbon discharge valve, 15 sealed rotary carbon feed valve, 16 flue gas exhaust port, 17 tubular gas reactor, 18 gas collecting pipe, 19 annular steam inlet chamber, 20 heating burner, 21 insulation layer, 22 finned coil steam superheater, 23 steam inlet valve, 24 sealed rotary slag discharge valve, 25 saturated steam outlet valve, 26 outlet header, 27 steam-water separator, 28 spiral finned tube, 29 bare tube elbow, 30 tube sheet, 31 return water pipe, 32 inlet header, 33 insulation layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] To make the purpose, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0023] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but rather merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments derived by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are also within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters represent similar items in the following drawings. Therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined or explained in subsequent drawings. In addition, the terms "first," "second," etc. are used only to distinguish the descriptions and are not to be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0025] The electrical components mentioned in this article are all connected to an external main controller and 220V AC power, and the main controller can be a conventional known device that performs control such as a computer.

[0026] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "inside", "outside", "upper", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or are the orientations or positional relationships in which the product of the present invention is usually placed when in use. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0027] like Figure 1 、 Figure 2 As shown, a device for producing high calorific value gas from biomass includes a dry distillation pyrolyzer 1, a carbon collecting hopper 2 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the dry distillation pyrolyzer 1, a gas generator 3 is provided at the lower end of the carbon collecting hopper 2, a steam superheater 4 is fixedly connected to the right side of the dry distillation pyrolyzer 1, a steam preheater 5 and a steam generator 6 are installed in sequence below the steam superheater 4, and a plurality of tubular reactors are provided inside the dry distillation pyrolyzer 1.

[0028] The heating burner in the gas generator 3 is turned on to maintain the temperature inside the gas generator at 800-850°C. When the temperature of the retort does not reach 600°C, the supplementary combustion burner 13 is turned on to maintain the temperature above 600°C. At this time, water can be supplied to the steam generator 6, and the saturated steam outlet valve 25 is closed to vent the steam. When the operating conditions stabilize, the vent valve can be closed and the saturated steam valve 25 opened. The steam enters the steam preheater 5 and the steam superheater 4, and then enters the steam superheater 22 in the gas generator through the steam inlet valve 23, and then enters the annular steam inlet chamber 19. The steam enters the tubular reaction tube 9 through the small holes in the wall of the tubular reactor, and reacts with the entering dry distillation charcoal as follows:

[0029]

[0030] The generated H2 and CO are both fuel gases and are drawn out through the fuel gas collecting pipe 18. Samples are taken from the sealed rotary charcoal discharge valve 14 for industrial analysis. If the volatilization meets the requirements, the carbonized charcoal can be considered of qualified quality. If it does not meet the standards, the sealed rotary feed valve 7 and the sealed rotary charcoal discharge valve 14 should be adjusted. The carbon content of the ash is sampled after passing through the sealed rotary slag discharge valve 24, which can be used for slag discharge and to judge the operating economy. The steam pressure is generally not greater than 2 meters of water column, and the steam generator pressure head determines the resistance of each component. The biomass is first subjected to a closed dry distillation to precipitate the volatile matter and make charcoal. The heat is recycled to generate steam, and the steam reacts with the charcoal in a closed space to generate hydrogen and carbon monoxide, achieving the purpose of maximizing the calorific value of the combustible gas.

[0031] Several tubular reaction tubes 9 are provided in the dry distillation pyrolyzer 1, and the tubular reaction tubes 9 are fixedly connected to the dry distillation pyrolyzer 1. A sealed rotary feed valve 7 is provided at the upper end of the tubular reaction tube 9, and a sealed rotary charcoal discharge valve 14 is provided at the lower end of the tubular reaction tube 9. A dry distillation gas collecting pipe 10 is fixedly plugged into the center of the tubular reaction tube 9. A high-temperature flue gas inlet hole 12 is provided at the bottom of the dry distillation pyrolyzer 1. A supplementary combustion burner 13 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the dry distillation pyrolyzer 1. A dry distillation flue gas outlet 8 is provided at the top right side of the dry distillation pyrolyzer 1, and the dry distillation flue gas outlet 8 is connected to the steam superheater 4. The biomass enters the tubular reaction tube 9 from the sealed rotary feed valve 7, falls from top to bottom, and precipitates combustible gas. The gas composition is 0.28CH4, 0.25H2, 0.135CO, 0.04C m H m After dry distillation, about 0.3C falls into the carbon collecting hopper 2 and enters the gas generator 3 through the sealed rotary carbon inlet valve 15.

[0032] The gas generator 3 includes a tubular gas reactor 17, and the tubular gas reactor 17 is fixedly installed in the middle of the gas generator 3. A sealed rotary carbon inlet valve 15 is provided at the upper end of the tubular gas reactor 17, and a sealed rotary slag discharge valve 24 is provided at the lower end of the tubular gas reactor 17. A plurality of steam inlet holes are provided on the surface of the tubular gas reactor 17, and an annular steam inlet chamber 19 is provided on the outside of the tubular gas reactor 17. The outer wall of the gas generator 3 is provided with an insulation layer 21. A finned coil-type steam superheater 22 is fixedly installed on the periphery of the tubular gas reactor 17, a heating burner 20 is fixedly installed on the bottom of the gas generator 3, a flue gas exhaust port 16 is provided on the top of the gas generator 3, a gas collection pipe 18 is fixedly plugged into the center of the tubular gas reactor 17, and a steam inlet valve 23 is provided on the outside of the finned coil-type steam superheater 22.

[0033] The steam generated by the steam generator 6 passes through the steam preheater 5 and the steam superheater 4, enters the steam inlet valve 23, and is distributed to the steam superheater 22. After being superheated, the steam enters the annular steam inlet chamber 19, enters the gas reaction tube 17 through the small hole, and reacts with the char dropped through the sealed rotary char inlet valve 15:

[0034] C+H2O=H2+CO,

[0035] The generated hydrogen and carbon monoxide combustible gases are discharged through the gas collection pipe. At this time, 0.066H2 and 0.933CO are generated, and the biochar residue is discharged through the sealed rotary slag valve 24.

[0036] The flue gas generated by the heating gas generator 3 enters the dry distillation pyrolyzer 1 through 16, and the exhaust gas of the dry distillation pyrolyzer 1 enters the steam superheater 4, the steam preheater 5 and the steam generator 6, and is discharged into the atmosphere.

[0037] The steam generator 6 includes an inlet header 32, and the inlet header 32 is arranged on the right side of the steam generator 6. A spiral finned tube 28 is arranged in the steam generator 6, and the spiral finned tube 28 is fixed to the tube plate 30 and connected to the inlet header 32. The end of the spiral finned tube 28 is fixedly connected to the smooth tube elbow 29. An outlet header 26 is also provided on the right side of the steam generator 6, and the end of the outlet header 26 is connected to the steam-water separator 27.

[0038] The steam superheater 4, the steam preheater 5, and the steam generator 6 have roughly the same structure except that they are made of different materials.

[0039] Water enters from the inlet header 32 and enters the heated evaporation tube 28 with spiral fins. Several spiral tubes are connected in series by smooth tube elbows 29 to form a steam evaporation tube group. Several steam tube groups, with spiral fin tubes welded to the tube plate 30, are staggered and combined in the flue. The flue gas flows from top to bottom, and the water is heated and evaporated from bottom to top. The steam-water mixture enters the outlet header 26 and enters the steam-water separator 27. The separated steam goes up and enters the steam preheater 4. The separated water flows back to the water supply port through the return pipe 31.

[0040] After being preheated, the steam enters the steam superheater 4, then enters the steam high-temperature superheater 2, and then enters the annular steam inlet chamber 19, enters the gas reaction tube through the small hole and reacts with the falling carbon to generate combustible gas.

[0041] A saturated steam outlet valve 25 is provided at the top of the steam-water separator 27 , a water return pipe 31 is provided below the steam-water separator 27 , and an insulation layer 33 is provided on the outer wall of the steam generator 6 .

[0042] The flue gas temperature drops to about 100°C after passing through the steam generator 6.

[0043] In summary: Turn on the burner in gas generator 3 to maintain the internal temperature between 800°C and 850°C. If the temperature in the retort falls below 600°C, turn on the supplemental burner 13 to maintain it above 600°C. At this point, add water to steam generator 6 and close saturated steam outlet valve 25 to vent the steam. Once the operating conditions stabilize, close the vent valve and open saturated steam valve 25. Steam enters steam preheater 5 and steam superheater 4, then enters steam superheater 22 in the gas reactor through steam inlet valve 23. Then, it enters annular steam inlet chamber 19. Steam enters tubular reaction tube 9 through small holes in the tubular reactor wall, where it reacts with the incoming pyrolysis charcoal. The generated gas is discharged through gas collection pipe 18. Samples are taken from sealed rotary charcoal outlet valve 14 for industrial analysis. If the volatilization meets the required standards, the pyrolysis charcoal is considered qualified. If not, adjustments should be made to sealed rotary feed valve 7 and sealed rotary charcoal outlet valve 14. By sampling the carbon content of the ash after sealing the rotary slag valve 24, the slag can be discharged and the economic efficiency of the operation can be judged. The steam pressure is generally not greater than 2 meters of water column, which controls the steam generator pressure and determines the resistance of each component.

[0044] The biomass is first subjected to closed dry distillation to separate out the volatile matter, and the heat is recycled to generate steam. The steam then reacts with the charcoal in a closed space to generate hydrogen and carbon monoxide, thereby achieving the maximum calorific value of the combustible gas.

[0045] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions merely illustrate the principles of the present invention. Various changes and improvements are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Such changes and improvements are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed for the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A device for producing high calorific value gas from biomass, characterized in that: The invention comprises a dry distillation pyrolyzer (1), wherein a carbon collecting hopper (2) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the dry distillation pyrolyzer (1), a gas generator (3) is provided at the lower end of the carbon collecting hopper (2), a steam superheater (4) is fixedly connected to the right side of the dry distillation pyrolyzer (1), a steam preheater (5) and a steam generator (6) are sequentially installed below the steam superheater (4), and a plurality of tubular reactors are provided in the dry distillation pyrolyzer (1).

2. The device for producing high calorific value fuel gas from biomass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dry distillation pyrolyzer comprises a plurality of tubular reaction tubes (9), and the tubular reaction tubes (9) are fixedly connected to the dry distillation pyrolyzer (1); a sealed rotary feed valve (7) is provided at the upper end of the tubular reaction tube (9); a sealed rotary charcoal discharge valve (14) is provided at the lower end of the tubular reaction tube (9); and a dry distillation gas collecting pipe (10) is fixed at the center of the tubular reaction tube (9).

3. The device for producing high calorific value fuel gas from biomass according to claim 2, characterized in that: A high-temperature flue gas inlet hole (12) is provided at the bottom of the dry distillation pyrolyzer (1), a post-combustion burner (13) is installed at the bottom of the dry distillation pyrolyzer (1), a dry distillation flue gas outlet (8) is provided at the top right side of the dry distillation pyrolyzer (1), and the dry distillation flue gas outlet (8) is connected to the steam superheater (4).

4. The device for producing high calorific value fuel gas from biomass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas generator (3) comprises a tubular gas reactor (17), and the tubular gas reactor (17) is fixedly installed in the middle of the gas generator (3). A sealed rotary carbon inlet valve (15) is provided at the upper end of the tubular gas reactor (17).

5. The device for producing high calorific value fuel gas from biomass according to claim 4, characterized in that: A sealed rotary slag discharge valve (24) is provided at the lower end of the tubular gas reactor (17), a plurality of steam inlet holes are opened on the surface of the tubular gas reactor (17), an annular steam inlet chamber (19) is provided outside the tubular gas reactor (17), and an outer wall of the gas generator (3) is provided with a thermal insulation layer (21).

6. The device for producing high calorific value fuel gas from biomass according to claim 5, characterized in that: The tubular gas reactor (17) is equipped with a finned coil-type steam superheater (22), a heating burner (20) is installed at the bottom of the gas generator (3), a flue gas exhaust port (16) is opened at the top of the gas generator (3), and a gas collection pipe (18) is fixedly connected at the center of the tubular gas reactor (17).

7. The device for producing high calorific value fuel gas from biomass according to claim 6, characterized in that: A steam inlet valve (23) is provided outside the finned coil-type steam superheater (22).

8. The device for producing high calorific value fuel gas from biomass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steam generator (6) includes an inlet header (32), which is arranged on the right side of the steam generator (6). A spiral finned tube (28) is arranged in the steam generator (6), and the spiral finned tube (28) and the inlet header (32) are connected. The end of the spiral finned tube (28) is fixedly connected to a smooth tube elbow (29), and the spiral finned tube (28) is welded to a tube plate (30). An outlet header (26) is also arranged on the right side of the steam generator (6), and the end of the outlet header (26) is connected to a steam-water separator (27).

9. The device for producing high calorific value fuel gas from biomass according to claim 8, characterized in that: A saturated steam outlet valve (25) is provided at the top of the steam-water separator (27), a water return pipe (31) is provided below the steam-water separator (27), and an insulation layer (33) is provided on the outer wall of the steam generator (6).

10. The device for producing high calorific value fuel gas from biomass according to claim 3, characterized in that: The internal temperature of the gas generator (3) is maintained at 800-850°C.

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