Counter-force loading device

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of building structure tests, and provides a counter-force loading device which comprises a cross beam, and a loading device is arranged in the middle of the bottom surface of the cross beam. One end of the force transmission steel beam is connected to the cross beam, and the other end of the force transmission steel beam can be anchored underground; the supporting structures are connected to the bottom surface of the cross beam, the number of the supporting structures is at least two, and the supporting structures are distributed on the two sides of the loading device in the length direction of the cross beam; the supporting structure is divided into a plurality of subsections in the height direction, the subsections are detachably connected, and the subsections and the cross beams are detachably connected. According to the utility model, the technical problems of high manufacturing difficulty, high manufacturing cost and difficulty in assembly of the counter-force loading device caused by the fact that the cross beam and the stand column of the existing counter-force loading device are both made of profile steel can be solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of building structure testing, in particular to a loading reaction force device. Background Art

[0002] A loading test is an experiment that tests the bearing capacity of building components by applying loads to them. Since full-scale models are often used in loading tests, they have a high demand for load tonnage. Generally, the test is carried out in an open laboratory with a large-tonnage loading reaction device, or by applying loads on site, or by using large-scale loading reaction devices and underground reaction structures.

[0003] For the open laboratory solution, there are currently few professional laboratories that meet the requirements due to the high cost and long cycle of transportation, installation and storage of full-scale models and their poor universality. The loading solution is to achieve load loading by stacking prefabricated components of a certain weight on top of building components. The load level is inflexible, the implementation is cumbersome, and the load application accuracy is poor. Therefore, the current loading test mainly uses a large loading reaction device plus an underground reaction structure.

[0004] Existing loading reaction devices generally include a beam with a loading device installed in the middle of the bottom surface of the beam to apply pressure to the building components; columns are connected to both sides of the bottom surface of the beam to support the beam on the ground; and a force transmission steel bundle is also installed between the beam and the underground reaction structure to transmit the load generated by the loading device to the underground reaction structure during the test. In order to withstand large loads, the current common practice is to use steel sections to manufacture beams and columns. However, steel sections that can meet the size and strength requirements of the loading reaction device are not common structures on construction sites and need to be manufactured in factories. On the one hand, steel section beams and columns are large in size, use a lot of steel, are difficult to process, and are difficult to flip indoors in the factory. Therefore, the requirements for factory processing conditions are relatively strict, resulting in high manufacturing difficulty and manufacturing costs. On the other hand, the transportation and lifting of large-sized beams and columns are limited, resulting in low assembly efficiency of the loading reaction device, which seriously affects the test efficiency. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of the utility model is to solve the technical problems that the beams and columns of the existing loading reaction force device are all made of steel sections, which on the one hand leads to high manufacturing difficulty and high manufacturing cost, and on the other hand also leads to difficulty in assembling the loading reaction force device, and provides a loading reaction force device.

[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the utility model is:

[0007] A loading reaction force device, comprising:

[0008] A crossbeam, wherein a loading device is provided in the middle of the bottom surface of the crossbeam;

[0009] A force-transmitting steel bundle, one end of which is connected to the beam, and the other end of which can be anchored underground;

[0010] The supporting structure is connected to the bottom surface of the beam. There are at least two supporting structures, which are distributed on both sides of the loading device along the length direction of the beam. The supporting structure is divided into several sections along the height direction, and the sections and the beam can be detachably connected.

[0011] The crossbeam, loading device and force transmission steel bundle can all use existing finished products. The segments and the crossbeam can be detachably connected, such as by threaded connectors, latches, and mortise and tenon joints.

[0012] After the loading device is started, the load generated by the loading device is mainly transmitted to the force-transmitting steel bundle through the crossbeam, and then transmitted to the ground through the force-transmitting steel bundle, and the supporting structure does not need to bear the load of the loading device; therefore, the supporting structure does not need to have the same strength as the crossbeam, but only needs to have the strength to withstand the deadweight of the crossbeam and its attached structure when the loading device is not started; therefore, the loading reaction device of this scheme divides the supporting structure into multiple smaller segments along the height direction, which will not have a negative impact on the loading test, and can reduce the difficulty of manufacturing, transporting and lifting the supporting structure, so that the supporting structure can be assembled faster before the test, thereby improving the test efficiency; and after the test is completed, it is also more convenient to dismantle the supporting structure and clean up the site to free up space for other tests.

[0013] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the supporting structure is a frame structure.

[0014] A frame structure is a structure formed by multiple rods connected to each other by hinges or steel joints.

[0015] As mentioned above, the columns or supporting structures do not need to have the same strength as the beams. Therefore, it is unnecessary for the columns in the prior art to use finished steel sections. This solution changes the supporting structure to a frame structure, which can greatly save the steel consumption of the supporting structure and reduce the manufacturing cost of the supporting structure; at the same time, it can also reduce the dead weight of the supporting structure, making it more convenient to transport and assemble the supporting structure.

[0016] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the supporting structure is a scaffolding.

[0017] Since the procurement, processing, design and assembly of scaffolding are quite mature, this plan recommends using scaffolding as the supporting structure, which can greatly reduce the cost and assembly difficulty of the supporting structure.

[0018] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the number of the force-transmitting steel bundles is greater than one, and the force-transmitting steel bundles are anchored at least at two different depths.

[0019] The force transmission steel strands are anchored at at least two different depths. For example, when there are three force transmission steel strands, the three force transmission steel strands can be anchored at different depths respectively; two of them can be anchored at the same depth and the other can be anchored at a different depth; or when there are multiple force transmission steel strands on one side of the beam, each force transmission steel strand can be anchored at a different depth.

[0020] This solution recommends anchoring the force-transmitting steel strands at at least two different depths to avoid the load of the force-transmitting steel strands being concentrated at the same depth, which would lead to local stress concentration and damage to the anchoring area.

[0021] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the anchoring depths of two adjacent force-transmitting steel bundles are different.

[0022] This solution further recommends staggering the anchoring depths of adjacent force-transmitting steel strands, which can further avoid stress concentration and thus ensure the safety of this solution.

[0023] As a preferred solution of the present invention, a loading pad is further provided under the loading device, the top surface of the loading pad can abut against the bottom surface of the loading device, and the bottom surface of the loading pad can abut against the top surface of the structure to be measured.

[0024] The specific structural forms of the loading pad include but are not limited to plate, block, and column.

[0025] This solution adds a loading pad to the loading device, which can transfer the load generated by the loading device to the structure to be tested more evenly, avoiding the situation where single-point concentrated loading causes local damage to the structure to be tested.

[0026] As a preferred solution of the present invention, a distribution beam is further provided under the loading device, the top surface of the distribution beam can abut against the bottom surface of the loading device, and at least two loading pads are arranged at intervals on the bottom surface of the distribution beam, and the bottom surface of the loading pads can abut against the top surface of the structure to be measured.

[0027] The specific size, position and setting direction of the distribution beam, as well as the number and position of the loading pads are determined according to the test requirements; for example, when the structure to be tested is a bridge component, the length of the distribution beam can be made parallel to the longitudinal direction of the bridge, and the loading pads can be set at intervals along the length of the distribution beam. During the test, loading can be performed at different positions of the bridge component along the longitudinal direction of the bridge.

[0028] This solution adds a distribution beam with multiple loading pads installed under the loading device. Simultaneous loading of multiple positions can be achieved through one loading device. It is suitable for various tests that require simultaneous loading of multiple points, such as three-point bending test and four-point bending test.

[0029] As a preferred solution of the present invention, a cushion beam is provided on the bottom surface of the cross beam, and the supporting structure is connected to the cushion beam.

[0030] This solution adds a pad beam between the crossbeam and the supporting structure, which can increase the contact area between the crossbeam and the supporting structure, prevent overturning, make the load transfer more uniform, and avoid local stress concentration that may cause structural damage.

[0031] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the cushion beam is connected to the cross beam through at least two adjustable supporting screws arranged at intervals.

[0032] This solution recommends that the cushion beam be connected to the crossbeam through an adjustable support screw, which can facilitate horizontal adjustment. For example, when the top surface of the supporting structure is uneven, the angle of the cushion beam can be adjusted by rotating the adjustable support screw, thereby maintaining the horizontal state of the crossbeam and ensuring the horizontal accuracy of the loading surface of the loading device, ensuring that subsequent tests proceed normally.

[0033] As a preferred solution of the present invention, it also includes underground pile foundations, and the force-transmitting steel bundles are anchored in the underground pile foundations.

[0034] The specific structural forms of underground pile foundations include but are not limited to steel pipe piles, bored piles, and cast-in-place piles.

[0035] This solution recommends setting up underground pile foundations for anchoring the force-transmitting steel bundles, which can ensure that the force-transmitting steel bundles have sufficient support reaction force to resist the load generated by the loading device, reducing the possibility of the underground pile foundations being pulled out of the ground under the action of the loading device.

[0036] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0037] 1. A loading reaction force device of the present invention can reduce the difficulty of manufacturing, transporting and hoisting the support structure without having a negative impact on the loading test, so that the support structure can be assembled more quickly before the test, thereby improving the test efficiency; and after the test is completed, it is also more convenient to dismantle the support structure and clean up the site to free up space for other tests. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of a loading reaction force device of the present utility model;

[0039] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of a loading reaction device of the utility model at an underground pile foundation;

[0040] Figure 3 This is a side view of the structure of a loading reaction device of the utility model during the test process. Figure 1 ;

[0041] Figure 4 This is a side view of the structure of a loading reaction device of the utility model during the test process. Figure 2 ;

[0042] Figure 5 This is a side view of the structure of a loading reaction device of the utility model during the test process. Figure 3 ;

[0043] Figure 6 yes Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the middle AA section;

[0044] Figure 7 yes Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the middle BB section;

[0045] Figure 8 yes Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the middle CC section;

[0046] Figure 9 yes Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the middle DD section;

[0047] Figure 10 yes Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the middle EE section;

[0048] Icons: 1-crossbeam; 11-pad beam; 2-loading device; 3-force-transmitting steel bundle; 31-anchor; 4-support structure; 41-segment; 5-loading pad; 6-distribution beam; 7-underground pile foundation; 8-structure to be tested. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0050] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0051] In the following descriptions of specific embodiments, terms indicating orientations or positional relationships, such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "center," "inner," and "outer," are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientations or positional relationships in which the device / apparatus is typically placed during use. These terms are intended solely to facilitate description or simplify the description of the specific embodiments, and to help technicians quickly understand the solutions. They do not indicate or imply that a particular device / component / element must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific positional relationship, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0052] The terms "horizontal", "vertical" and the like do not require the corresponding devices / components / elements to be absolutely horizontal or vertical or suspended, but can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted. Alternatively, it can be simply understood that the corresponding devices / components / elements are set in specific directions such as "horizontal" and "vertical", and can have an error / deviation of ±10% relative to the corresponding direction setting, more preferably an error / deviation within ±8%, more preferably an error / deviation within ±6%, more preferably an error / deviation within ±5%, and more preferably an error / deviation within ±4%. As long as the corresponding device / component / element is within the error / deviation range, it can still achieve its role in the solution of the utility model.

[0053] The terms “first”, “second”, “third”, etc. are merely used to distinguish the same or similar components and should not be understood as emphasizing or implying the relative importance of specific components.

[0054] The terms "set", "install", "connected" and "connect" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection. It can be welding, riveting, bolting, threaded connection and other commonly used connection means in this field. It can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. It can be the internal connection of two components.

[0055] Example 1

[0056] like Figures 1 to 2 As shown, a loading reaction force device used in this embodiment includes:

[0057] A crossbeam 1, with a loading device 2 provided in the middle of the bottom surface of the crossbeam 1;

[0058] A force-transmitting steel bundle 3, one end of which is connected to the crossbeam 1, and the other end of which can be anchored underground;

[0059] The support structure 4 is connected to the bottom surface of the beam 1. The number of support structures 4 is at least two, and the support structures 4 are distributed on both sides of the loading device 2 along the length direction of the beam 1. The support structure 4 is divided into several segments 41 along the height direction, and the segments 41 and the segments 41 and the beam 1 can be detachably connected.

[0060] like Figure 1As shown, this embodiment uses a hydraulic jack as the loading device 2, and supports the structure 4 symmetrically on the left and right sides of the beam 1, so that this embodiment can stand firmly on the ground; each supporting structure 4 is divided into two smaller segments 41 along the height direction; and a pad beam 11 is provided between the top surface of the supporting structure 4 and the bottom surface of the beam 1, and the top surface of the supporting structure 4 is connected to the beam 1 through the pad beam 11, so that the load transfer between the supporting structure 4 and the beam 1 is more uniform; a base and a pad are also provided between the supporting structure 4 and the ground, which are used to increase the contact area between the supporting structure 4 and the ground, thereby evenly distributing the load it receives to the ground, which helps to reduce settlement; at the same time, the pad is also conducive to horizontal adjustment of the supporting structure 4.

[0061] Furthermore, if Figure 1 As shown, for each side support structure 4, this solution sets two cushion beams 11, the length of the cushion beam 11 is set along the width direction of the beam 1 (vertical to the paper surface outward or inward), and the two cushion beams 11 are set along the length direction of the beam 1 ( Figure 1 and each cushion beam 11 and the cross beam 1 are connected by at least two adjustable supporting screws spaced apart along the length direction of the cushion beam 11. The angle and distance of the cushion beam 11 relative to the cross beam 1 can be adjusted by rotating the adjustable supporting screws, so that when the top surface of the supporting structure 4 is uneven, the horizontal posture of the cross beam 1 can be maintained.

[0062] Furthermore, the support structure 4 is a frame structure; more specifically, the support structure 4 is a scaffold. Figure 1 As shown, since the interior of the scaffold is hollow, in this embodiment, the force-transmitting steel bundle 3 is also anchored on the left and right sides of the crossbeam 1, and directly passes through the interior of the scaffold and then anchored to the ground.

[0063] Furthermore, if Figure 1 As shown, it also includes an underground pile foundation 7, and the force transmission steel bundles 3 are all anchored in the underground pile foundation 7. And the underground pile foundation 7 is also provided with an acoustic detection tube to facilitate flaw detection.

[0064] Furthermore, the number of the force transmission steel bundles 3 is greater than one, the force transmission steel bundles 3 are anchored at least at two different depths, and the anchoring depths of two adjacent force transmission steel bundles 3 are different. In this embodiment, four force transmission steel bundles 3 arranged in a rectangular shape are anchored on both the left and right sides of the crossbeam 1, and as shown in FIG. Figure 2 ,as well as Figures 6 to 10 As shown, the anchors 31 of the four force-transmitting steel strands 3 on one side are all arranged at different depths, thereby avoiding local stress concentration in the underground pile foundation 7 .

[0065] Furthermore, if Figures 4 and 5, respectively, are schematic side views of the structure when the structure to be tested 8 is subjected to a three-point bending test and a shear test in this embodiment; since the loading device 2 is in a single-point loading state on the structure to be tested 8 in these two experiments, a loading pad 5 is further provided below the loading device 2 in this embodiment to prevent local damage to the structure to be tested 8, and the top surface of the loading pad 5 abuts against the bottom surface of the loading device 2, and the bottom surface of the loading pad 5 abuts against the top surface of the structure to be tested 8.

[0066] Example 2

[0067] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, on the basis of Example 1, the loading pad 5 is replaced, specifically: a distribution beam 6 is further provided under the loading device 2, the top surface of the distribution beam 6 can abut against the bottom surface of the loading device 2, and at least two loading pads 5 are arranged at intervals on the bottom surface of the distribution beam 6, and the bottom surface of the loading pad 5 can abut against the top surface of the structure to be measured 8.

[0068] Specifically, in this embodiment, the distribution beam 6 is arranged along the length direction of the structure to be measured 8, and two loading pads 5 are also arranged at intervals at the bottom thereof along the length direction of the structure to be measured 8, so that Figure 3 As shown, a four-point bending test is performed on the structure to be tested 8.

[0069] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A loading reaction force device, characterized in that: Include: A crossbeam (1), wherein a loading device (2) is provided in the middle of the bottom surface of the crossbeam (1); A force-transmitting steel bundle (3), one end of which is connected to the crossbeam (1), and the other end of which is capable of being anchored underground; A support structure (4), wherein the support structure (4) is connected to the bottom surface of the beam (1), the number of the support structures (4) is at least two, and the support structures (4) are distributed on both sides of the loading device (2) along the length direction of the beam (1); the support structure (4) is divided into a plurality of segments (41) along the height direction, and the segments (41) and the segments (41) and the beam (1) can be detachably connected.

2. A loading reaction force device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The supporting structure (4) is a frame structure.

3. A loading reaction force device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The supporting structure (4) is a scaffold.

4. A loading reaction force device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the force-transmitting steel bundles (3) is greater than one, and the force-transmitting steel bundles (3) are anchored at least at two different depths.

5. A loading reaction force device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The anchoring depths of two adjacent force-transmitting steel bundles (3) are different.

6. A loading reaction device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: A loading pad (5) is further provided below the loading device (2); the top surface of the loading pad (5) can abut against the bottom surface of the loading device (2); and the bottom surface of the loading pad (5) can abut against the top surface of the structure to be measured (8).

7. A loading reaction force device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: A distribution beam (6) is further provided below the loading device (2), the top surface of the distribution beam (6) being capable of abutting against the bottom surface of the loading device (2), and at least two loading pads (5) being provided at intervals on the bottom surface of the distribution beam (6), the bottom surfaces of the loading pads (5) being capable of abutting against the top surface of the structure to be measured (8).

8. A loading reaction device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: A cushion beam (11) is provided on the bottom surface of the crossbeam (1), and the supporting structure (4) is connected to the cushion beam (11).

9. A loading reaction force device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The cushion beam (11) is connected to the cross beam (1) via at least two adjustable supporting screws arranged at intervals.

10. A loading reaction force device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: It also comprises an underground pile foundation (7), and the force transmission steel bundles (3) are all anchored to the underground pile foundation (7).

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