Dialyzer

Abstract

The dialyzer comprises a shell, a first end cover and a second end cover are arranged at the two ends of the shell respectively, and a hollow fiber membrane is arranged in the shell; sealants are respectively arranged at two ends of the hollow fiber membrane; the first end cover is provided with an artery connector, the second end cover is provided with a vein connector, and the two ends of the shell are provided with a dialysate inlet and a dialysate outlet respectively. A flow guide device is arranged in the blood chamber between the first end cover and the hollow fiber membrane and used for adjusting the distribution rule of blood flowing in from the artery connector in the blood chamber. According to the dialyzer disclosed by the utility model, the distribution rule of blood flowing in from the artery interface in the blood chamber is adjusted by utilizing the flow guide device, so that the blood can enter the hollow fiber membranes in different areas more uniformly; according to the hollow fiber membrane, the flow distribution of blood in the hollow fiber membrane is more matched with the flow distribution of dialysate outside the hollow fiber membrane, so that the diffusion degree between the blood and the dialysate can be improved, and the toxin clearance rate and the dialysis efficiency are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of medical equipment, in particular to a dialyzer. Background Art

[0002] Patients with chronic renal failure typically require long-term hemodialysis treatment, which is performed within a dialyzer. A semipermeable membrane separates the dialyzer into a blood side and a dialysate side. During treatment, the patient's blood is drawn through the blood side, while the dialysate flows through the other side. The blood and dialysate exchange substances through diffusion, ultrafiltration, and convection, removing metabolic waste from the body and maintaining electrolyte and acid-base balance. Excess water is also removed from the body, and the purified blood is returned to the patient. The effectiveness of the dialyzer directly determines the clinical efficacy, which in turn affects the patient's survival and quality of life.

[0003] The effectiveness of a dialyzer depends on the adequacy of diffusion, ultrafiltration, and convection between blood and dialysate. Currently, the most widely used dialyzer consists of thousands of hollow fiber membranes encapsulated within a cylindrical housing. The hollow fiber membranes are arranged axially along the housing, with the outer ends of the hollow fiber membranes sealed with glue. Arterial and venous ports are axially located at either end of the housing, connecting to the interior of the hollow fiber membranes. The sidewalls of the housing are provided with a dialysate inlet and a dialysate outlet. During treatment, blood enters the dialyzer through the arterial port, flows through the hollow fibers, and then exits through the venous port. Dialysate flows through the dialysate inlet, flows through the outer surfaces of the hollow fibers, and then exits through the dialysate outlet. During dialysis treatment, the dialyzer is positioned vertically, with blood flowing into the hollow fiber membrane lumen through the arterial blood inlet at the top of the dialyzer and exiting through the venous blood outlet at the bottom of the dialyzer column. The dialyzer's structural design ensures that blood flows primarily through the hollow fiber membranes in the central region, while dialysate flows primarily through the peripheral regions. A mismatch between blood flow distribution and dialysate flow distribution can lead to the creation of ineffective mass transfer areas, reducing the diffusion between blood and dialysate, and thus reducing toxin clearance. The blood chamber structure at the blood inlet and outlet at both ends of the dialyzer affects the blood flow distribution in the dialyzer. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a dialyzer that can make the blood flow field distribution more uniform, so as to improve the dialysis efficiency.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A dialyzer comprises a housing, wherein a first end cap and a second end cap are respectively provided at both ends of the housing, wherein a hollow fiber membrane is provided within the housing; wherein sealant is respectively provided at both ends of the hollow fiber membrane; wherein the first end cap is provided with an arterial interface, the second end cap is provided with a venous interface, and wherein dialysate inlet and outlet are respectively provided at both ends of the housing;

[0007] A flow guide device is provided in the blood chamber between the first end cover and the hollow fiber membrane, and the flow guide device is used to adjust the distribution pattern of the blood flowing in from the arterial interface in the blood chamber.

[0008] Furthermore, the diversion device includes a diversion platform arranged opposite the arterial interface, and a plurality of diversion brackets are provided on the diversion platform. The diversion platform is used to divert blood to each of the diversion brackets, and the diversion brackets are used to drain blood from the central area of ​​the blood chamber to the peripheral area.

[0009] Furthermore, the top surface of the flow guide platform is a plane parallel to the radial section of the shell; or, the top surface of the flow guide platform is a convex surface protruding toward the arterial interface; or, the top surface of the flow guide platform is a concave surface recessed away from the arterial interface.

[0010] Furthermore, the outer diameter of the guide platform satisfies:

[0011] D∈[d-4,d+4]

[0012] Wherein, D is the outer diameter of the diversion platform, in mm; d is the inner diameter of the arterial interface, in mm.

[0013] Furthermore, the flow guide bracket extends along a straight line or a curve from the flow guide platform toward the inner wall of the shell.

[0014] Furthermore, the diversion support gradually bends from the root to the end toward the direction where the venous interface is located.

[0015] Furthermore, support columns are provided on the bottom surface of the diversion platform.

[0016] Furthermore, the end of the flow guide bracket abuts against the sealant.

[0017] Furthermore, the top surface of the flow guide bracket facing the direction of the first end cover is set as an inclined surface inclined relative to the radial cross section of the shell.

[0018] Furthermore, the inclination angle of the top surface of the flow guide bracket relative to the radial cross section of the shell is 0°-60°.

[0019] Furthermore, the inclination angle of the top surface of the flow guide bracket relative to the radial cross section of the shell is 20°-40°.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0021] The dialyzer of the present invention arranges a flow guide device in the blood chamber between the first end cover and the hollow fiber membrane, and uses the flow guide device to adjust the distribution pattern of blood flowing in from the arterial interface in the blood chamber, so that the blood can enter the hollow fiber membranes in different areas more evenly. In this way, the uniformity of the blood flow field distribution can be improved, and the flow distribution of the blood in the hollow fiber membrane can be more matched with the flow distribution of the dialysate outside the hollow fiber membrane, thereby improving the diffusion degree between the blood and the dialysate, and improving the toxin clearance rate and dialysis efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and beneficial effects of the present invention clearer, the present invention is described with the following drawings:

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the dialyzer of the present utility model;

[0024] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the flow guide device;

[0025] Figure 3 It is a full cross-sectional view of the diversion device; specifically, it is a structural schematic diagram when the top surface of the diversion platform is flat;

[0026] Figure 4 is a full cross-sectional view of the flow guide device; specifically, it is a structural schematic diagram when the top surface of the flow guide platform is convex;

[0027] Figure 5 is a full cross-sectional view of the flow guide device; specifically, it is a structural schematic diagram when the top surface of the flow guide platform is concave;

[0028] Figure 6 for Figure 2 Axonometric drawing of

[0029] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the dialyzer after hiding the first end cap in this embodiment;

[0030] Figure 8 This is a structural diagram when the guide bracket in the guide device is set as only one group.

[0031] Description of reference numerals:

[0032] 10-housing; 11-first end cap; 12-second end cap; 13-hollow fiber membrane; 14-sealant; 15-arterial interface; 16-venous interface; 17-dialysis fluid inlet and outlet; 18-blood chamber; 20-flow guide device; 21-flow guide platform; 21a-top surface; 22-flow guide bracket; 22a-top surface; 23-flow guide groove; 24-support column. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments so that those skilled in the art can better understand the present invention and implement it. However, the embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0034] like Figure 1 As shown, the dialyzer of this embodiment includes a housing 10, with a first end cap 11 and a second end cap 12 provided at each end of the housing 10. Hollow fiber membranes 13 are disposed within the housing 10. Specifically, sealant 14 is provided at each end of the hollow fiber membranes 13. The first end cap 11 is provided with an arterial port 15, the second end cap 12 is provided with a venous port 16, and dialysate inlets and outlets 17 are provided at each end of the housing 10. In this embodiment, a flow guide 20 is provided within the blood chamber 18 between the first end cap 11 and the hollow fiber membranes 13. The flow guide 20 is used to regulate the distribution of blood flowing from the arterial port 15 within the blood chamber 18.

[0035] In this embodiment, the flow guide device 20 includes a flow guide platform 21 arranged opposite the arterial interface 15, and a plurality of flow guide brackets 22 are provided on the flow guide platform 21. The flow guide platform 21 is used to divert blood to each flow guide bracket 22, and the flow guide bracket 22 is used to drain blood from the central area of ​​the blood chamber 18 to the peripheral area. Figure 2 As shown. Thus, during use, the dialyzer is fixed vertically on the dialyzer, the arterial interface 15 is located at the upper end of the dialyzer, and the venous interface 16 is located at the lower end of the dialyzer. Blood flows into the blood chamber from the arterial interface 15 in a vertical direction, and the blood first flows into the diversion platform 21. Under the buffering and drainage effect of the diversion platform 21, the blood is diverted toward each diversion bracket 22, and then drained by the diversion bracket 22 to different areas of the blood chamber before flowing downward into the corresponding hollow fiber membrane 13. Compared with the existing dialyzer in which blood flows concentratedly into the hollow fiber membrane 13 located in the center, this embodiment increases the proportion of blood flowing to the peripheral area of ​​the blood chamber 18 by installing a diversion device 20 in the blood chamber 18, so that blood can enter the hollow fiber membrane 13 more evenly, thereby improving the degree of diffusion between blood and dialysate, and improving toxin clearance and dialysis efficiency.

[0036] Specifically, the top surface of the flow guiding platform 21 facing the arterial interface 15 can be set in various shapes. For example, the top surface 21a of the flow guiding platform 21 can be a plane parallel to the radial section of the housing 10, such as Figure 3 The top surface 21a of the diversion platform 21 may be a convex surface protruding toward the arterial interface 15, as shown Figure 4 The top surface 21a of the diversion platform 21 may be a concave surface that is concave toward the arterial interface 15, as shown. Figure 5 Specifically, in order to better divert the blood flow, the outer diameter of the diversion platform 21 should not be too large or too small. In this embodiment, the outer diameter of the diversion platform 21 satisfies:

[0037] D∈[d-4,d+4]

[0038] Wherein, D is the outer diameter of the diversion platform, in mm; d is the inner diameter of the arterial interface, in mm.

[0039] Specifically, in this embodiment, the inner diameter of the artery interface 15 is 6 mm, and the outer diameter of the flow guiding platform 21 is 2-10 mm.

[0040] In this embodiment, the flow guide bracket 22 extends from the flow guide platform 21 toward the direction of the inner wall of the shell. Specifically, in some embodiments, the flow guide bracket 22 can extend from the root toward the end along a straight line, or can extend from the root toward the end along a curve. Specifically, the root refers to the end of the flow guide bracket 22 connected to the flow guide platform 21, and the end refers to the end of the flow guide bracket 22 away from the flow guide platform 21. The curve can be a spiral, an involute, etc. Specifically, in this embodiment, the flow guide bracket 22 extends from the root toward the end along a straight line, and in the viewing direction along the axial direction of the shell 10, the flow guide bracket 22 is located in the radial direction, such as Figure 7 In the preferred embodiment of this embodiment, the guide bracket 22 is provided as at least one group, each group includes at least three guide brackets 22, and all guide brackets 22 belonging to the same group are evenly distributed in an annular manner relative to the axis of the guide platform 21. Figure 2-6 As shown, the guide brackets 22 are provided in two groups. In the two groups of guide brackets 22, the length of one group of guide brackets 22 is greater than the length of the other group of guide brackets 22. Each group includes 6 guide brackets 22. The 6 guide brackets 22 belonging to the same group are evenly distributed in a ring relative to the axis of the guide platform 21. Figure 8 As shown, the diversion brackets 22 are provided in a group, each group including six diversion brackets 22, which are evenly distributed in a ring around the axis of the diversion platform 21. The number of diversion brackets 22 ranges from 3 to 20, preferably 6 or 12. Specifically, the total number of diversion brackets 22 is set according to the actual application scenario.

[0041] In the preferred implementation of this embodiment, Figure 3-5 As shown, the diversion support 22 gradually bends from the root to the end toward the direction of the venous port 16. In this way, after blood flows into the diversion support 22, under the action of gravity, the blood can flow along the diversion support 22 from the root to the end, thereby expanding the blood distribution range. To improve support stability, support columns 23 are provided on the ground of the diversion platform 21.

[0042] In the preferred implementation of this embodiment, Figure 7As shown, the end of the diversion bracket 22 abuts against the sealant 14. The rounded end of the diversion bracket 22 can reduce the contact point between the diversion bracket 22 and the sealant 14, and will not cause coagulation problems due to too low blood flow rate, and has the advantage of easy installation.

[0043] In the preferred implementation of this embodiment, Figure 8 As shown, the top surface 22a of the flow guide bracket 22 facing the direction of the first end cap 11 is set as an inclined surface inclined relative to the radial cross-section of the outer shell 10. In this way, the blood can generate a speed along the inclined surface under the action of gravity during the flow along the flow guide bracket 22, so that the blood gradually flows out from the side with a lower inclined position of the top surface of the flow guide bracket 22 and flows into the corresponding hollow fiber membrane 13, making the blood distribution more uniform. Specifically, the inclination angle of the top surface of the flow guide bracket 22 relative to the radial cross-section of the outer shell 10 is 0°-60°. Preferably, the inclination angle of the top surface of the flow guide bracket 22 relative to the radial cross-section of the outer shell 10 is 20°-40°. In this embodiment, the inclination angle of the top surface of the flow guide bracket 22 relative to the radial cross-section of the outer shell 10 is 30°.

[0044] The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments for the purpose of fully illustrating the present invention, and the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention shall be subject to the claims.

Claims

1. A dialyzer comprising a housing, a first end cap and a second end cap provided at each end of the housing, a hollow fiber membrane provided within the housing, a sealant provided at each end of the hollow fiber membrane, an arterial port provided on the first end cap, a venous port provided on the second end cap, and a dialysate inlet and outlet provided at each end of the housing, characterized in that: A flow guide device is provided in the blood chamber between the first end cover and the hollow fiber membrane, and the flow guide device is used to adjust the distribution pattern of the blood flowing in from the arterial interface in the blood chamber.

2. The dialyzer according to claim 1, wherein: The diversion device includes a diversion platform arranged opposite the arterial interface, and a plurality of diversion brackets are provided on the diversion platform. The diversion platform is used to divert blood to each of the diversion brackets, and the diversion brackets are used to drain blood from the central area of ​​the blood chamber to the peripheral area.

3. The dialyzer according to claim 2, wherein: The top surface of the flow guide platform is a plane parallel to the radial section of the shell; or, the top surface of the flow guide platform is a convex surface protruding toward the arterial interface; or, the top surface of the flow guide platform is a concave surface recessed away from the arterial interface.

4. The dialyzer according to claim 2, wherein: The outer diameter of the guide platform satisfies: D∈[d-4,d+4] Wherein, D is the outer diameter of the diversion platform, in mm; d is the inner diameter of the arterial interface, in mm.

5. The dialyzer according to claim 2, wherein: The flow guiding bracket extends along a straight line or a curve from the flow guiding platform toward the inner wall of the shell.

6. The dialyzer according to claim 5, characterized in that: The diversion support gradually bends toward the direction of the venous interface along the direction from the root to the end.

7. The dialyzer according to claim 6, wherein: A support column is provided on the bottom surface of the diversion platform.

8. The dialyzer according to claim 5, wherein: The end of the flow guide bracket abuts against the sealant.

9. The dialyzer according to claim 2, wherein: The top surface of the flow guide bracket facing the direction of the first end cover is set as an inclined surface inclined relative to the radial cross section of the shell; and the inclination angle of the top surface of the flow guide bracket relative to the radial cross section of the shell is 0°-60°.

10. The dialyzer according to claim 9, characterized in that: The inclination angle of the top surface of the flow guide bracket relative to the radial cross section of the shell is 20°-40°.

Images