Power distribution control system

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of power distribution protection, in particular to a power distribution control system which comprises a control unit, a power unit, a communication unit, a sensor unit and a protection unit, and the power unit, the communication unit, the sensor unit and the protection unit are all connected with the control unit. The power unit connects a three-phase three-wire alternating current power supply to a bus bar bus through a three-phase alternating current contactor, the bus bar bus distributes independent three-phase three-wire alternating current for output through a plurality of three-phase alternating current contactors, and the communication unit is used for data exchange between the control unit and an upper computer through an RS422 serial port or a wireless interface. The sensor unit collects current, voltage and temperature data of a distribution line in real time, and the protection unit rapidly cuts off a fault circuit according to an instruction of the control unit. According to the utility model, by integrating the control unit, the power distribution unit, the communication unit, the sensing unit and the protection unit, efficient and reliable power distribution is realized, and a fault circuit can be quickly responded and cut off when a fault occurs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of power distribution protection, in particular to a power distribution control system. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous advancement of technology and the continuous upgrading of industrial equipment, modern industrial power demand has become more diversified, multi-electrified, and intelligent. Traditional mechanical power distribution methods and low-power distribution equipment are no longer able to meet the complex and demanding industrial power environment. The reliability and efficiency of the power supply system are particularly important for power-consuming equipment that requires high power, high frequency of use, long operation time, and complex load characteristics. Current power distribution control systems have the following shortcomings:

[0003] 1) Traditional power distribution systems generally lack sufficient flexibility to cope with changing load demands, especially in modern industrial environments where the power demands of electrical equipment are diversified, multi-electrified, and intelligent.

[0004] 2) In places where there are no wired connections, relying on a single wireless communication may be affected by signal strength; conversely, in an environment with severe electromagnetic interference, the reliability of wireless communication may also be affected.

[0005] 3) Although the protection units in the system can quickly cut off the fault circuit according to the instructions issued by the control unit, potential problems such as harmonic distortion and low power factor may not be discovered and handled in time, which will affect the safety and stability of the entire power supply network. Utility Model Content

[0006] The utility model provides a power distribution control system, which realizes efficient and reliable power distribution by integrating control, power distribution, communication, sensing and protection units, and supports real-time monitoring and remote control, ensuring that it can respond quickly and cut off the faulty circuit when a fault occurs.

[0007] In order to achieve the purpose of the utility model, the technical solution adopted is: a power distribution control system, including a control unit, a power unit, a communication unit, a sensor unit and a protection unit. The power unit, the communication unit, the sensor unit and the protection unit are all connected to the control unit. The power unit connects the three-phase three-wire AC power supply to the bus bar through a three-phase AC contactor. The bus bar is distributed into independent three-phase three-wire AC outputs through multiple three-phase AC contactors. The communication unit is used to control the unit to exchange data with the host computer through an RS422 serial port or a wireless interface. The sensor unit collects current, voltage and temperature data of the distribution line in real time. The protection unit quickly cuts off the fault circuit according to the instructions of the control unit.

[0008] As an optimized solution of the present invention, the control unit includes a single-chip microcomputer U1, and the single-chip microcomputer U1 is an STM32F103 single-chip microcomputer.

[0009] As an optimized solution of the present invention, an air switch is connected in series at the rear end of each three-phase AC contactor in the power unit.

[0010] As an optimized solution of the present invention, the sensor unit includes a Hall current sensor, a voltage transformer and a temperature and humidity sensor circuit. The Hall current sensor collects the current of the distribution line in real time, the voltage transformer collects the voltage of the distribution line in real time, and the temperature and humidity sensor circuit collects the temperature and humidity of the distribution line in real time.

[0011] As an optimized solution of the present utility model, the temperature and humidity sensor circuit includes a temperature and humidity sensor U2, a resistor R9 and a capacitor C22. The temperature and humidity sensor U2 is grounded through the capacitor C22. The third pin of the temperature and humidity sensor U2 is connected to the 13th pin of the microcontroller U1. The resistor R9 is connected between the third and fourth pins of the temperature and humidity sensor U2.

[0012] As an optimized solution of the present utility model, the communication unit includes a NB-IOT chip U3, a capacitor C11, a capacitor C12 and a SIM card. The 14th pin of the NB-IOT chip U3 is grounded through the capacitors C11 and C12 connected in parallel, the 20th pin of the NB-IOT chip U3 is connected to the VCC pin of the SIM card, the 22nd pin of the NB-IOT chip U3 is connected to the CLK pin of the SIM card, and the 23rd pin of the NB-IOT chip U3 is connected to the RST pin of the SIM card; the 6th pin of the NB-IOT chip U3 is connected to the 14th pin of the microcontroller U1, and the 7th pin of the NB-IOT chip U3 is connected to the 15th pin of the microcontroller U1.

[0013] As an optimized solution of the present invention, the communication unit includes an RS422 interface chip U4, the RO pin of the RS422 interface chip U4 is connected to the 16th pin of the single-chip microcomputer U1, and the DI pin of the RS422 interface chip U4 is connected to the 17th pin of the single-chip microcomputer U1.

[0014] As an optimized solution of the present invention, the protection unit includes an overcurrent protection circuit, an overvoltage protection circuit and an undervoltage protection circuit. When the overcurrent protection circuit receives an overcurrent signal from the control unit, it triggers the relay to cut off the circuit; the overvoltage protection circuit and the undervoltage protection circuit are used to trigger the relay to cut off the circuit when they receive an overvoltage or undervoltage signal from the control unit.

[0015] The utility model has positive effects:

[0016] 1) Through the configuration of three-phase AC contactors and busbars, this system effectively distributes three-phase, three-wire AC power into multiple independent three-phase, three-wire AC outputs. An air switch connected in series with each three-phase AC contactor provides overload protection, ensuring safe system operation.

[0017] 2) The Hall effect current sensor and voltage transformer of this utility model are used to collect real-time current and voltage data from the power distribution line, respectively. The temperature and humidity sensor circuit monitors the ambient temperature and humidity, helping to assess the impact of external conditions on the system. The control unit can analyze this real-time data and respond quickly when an abnormality is detected.

[0018] 3) The overcurrent protection circuit, overvoltage protection circuit and undervoltage protection circuit of the utility model can quickly trigger the relay to cut off the fault circuit when abnormal conditions such as overcurrent, overvoltage or undervoltage are detected, thereby avoiding equipment damage and safety accidents.

[0019] 4) The communication unit of this utility model supports RS422 serial port and NB-IoT wireless interface, allowing the system to exchange data with the host computer. The power distribution status can be remotely monitored and remotely controlled when necessary, improving the system's operability and maintenance efficiency.

[0020] 5) This utility model can handle diverse load demands and adapt to the energy requirements of electrical equipment in modern industrial environments. Through multiple protection mechanisms, it reduces potential risks caused by harmonic distortion, low power factor, and other issues, improving the safety and stability of the entire power supply network.

[0021] 6) This utility model supports both wired (RS422) and wireless (NB-IoT) communication modes, increasing communication flexibility and reliability. Wireless communication can be used in places where wired connections are unavailable, while wired communication can be used in environments with severe electromagnetic interference.

[0022] 7) The utility model adopts the STM32F103 single-chip microcomputer as the control core, which has high processing capability and low power consumption, ensuring the real-time and continuous working requirements of system data acquisition. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0024] Figure 1 This is the overall principle block diagram of the utility model;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a circuit schematic diagram of the control unit of the utility model;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a circuit diagram of the temperature and humidity sensor circuit of the utility model;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a circuit diagram of the communication unit of the utility model;

[0028] Figure 5 This is the RS422 interface circuit schematic diagram of the utility model;

[0029] Among them: 1. Control unit, 2. Power unit, 3. Communication unit, 4. Sensor unit, 5. Protection unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of this patent clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of this utility model.

[0031] The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present invention and its application or use. All other embodiments derived by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are intended to fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present invention.

[0033] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement of the components and steps, numerical expressions, and numerical values ​​described in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention. At the same time, it should be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the accompanying drawings are not drawn according to actual proportional relationships. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific value should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as a limitation. Therefore, other example numerical values ​​of the exemplary embodiments may have different values.

[0034] like Figure 1As shown, the utility model discloses a power distribution control system, including a control unit 1, a power unit 2, a communication unit 3, a sensor unit 4 and a protection unit 5. The power unit 2, the communication unit 3, the sensor unit 4 and the protection unit 5 are all connected to the control unit 1. The power unit 2 connects the three-phase three-wire AC power supply to the busbar through a three-phase AC contactor. The busbar is distributed into independent three-phase three-wire AC outputs through multiple three-phase AC contactors. The communication unit 3 is used for the control unit 1 to exchange data with the host computer through the RS422 serial port or wireless interface. The sensor unit 4 collects the current, voltage and temperature data of the distribution line in real time. The protection unit 5 quickly cuts off the fault circuit according to the instruction of the control unit 1.

[0035] like Figure 2 As shown, control unit 1 includes a single-chip microcontroller (MCU) U1, which is an STM32F103. The STM32F103 is a 32-bit ARM microcontroller based on the Cortex-M3 core and features two 12-bit analog-to-digital converters, meeting the requirements for temperature and humidity data acquisition. The chip's operating frequency can reach up to 72MHz, ensuring real-time data acquisition. The STM32F103 chip uses a power supply voltage of 2 to 3.6V. Its sleep, shutdown, and standby modes ensure low power consumption, effectively meeting the system's continuous operation requirements.

[0036] An air switch is connected in series at the rear end of each three-phase AC contactor in power unit 2. Power unit 2 inputs three-phase, three-wire, 380×(1±10%)V AC power to the busbar through the three-phase AC contactor. The power is then distributed from the busbar to four three-phase, three-wire, 380×(1±10%)V AC outputs via multiple three-phase AC contactors. Each output is connected in series with an air switch at the rear end of the contactor to implement overload protection.

[0037] Sensor unit 4 includes a Hall effect current sensor, a voltage transformer, and a temperature and humidity sensor circuit. The Hall effect current sensor collects the current of the distribution line in real time, the voltage transformer collects the voltage of the distribution line in real time, and the temperature and humidity sensor circuit collects the temperature and humidity of the distribution line in real time. The Hall effect current sensor A3144 indirectly measures the current flowing through a conductor by detecting the magnetic field generated by the current, and features high sensitivity and low power consumption. The JDZ-10 voltage transformer is a single-phase indoor voltage transformer with high accuracy and good stability.

[0038] like Figure 3As shown in the figure, the temperature and humidity sensor circuit includes temperature and humidity sensor U2, resistor R9, and capacitor C22. Temperature and humidity sensor U2 is grounded via capacitor C22. Pin 3 of temperature and humidity sensor U2 is connected to pin 13 of microcontroller U1. Resistor R9 is connected between pins 3 and 4 of temperature and humidity sensor U2. Pin 3 of the DTH11 interface of temperature and humidity sensor U2 is used for data transmission. It is recommended to connect an external 4.7K pull-up resistor to maintain the pin voltage at a high level when the sensor is in standby mode. During signal transmission, clamping stray signals at a high level improves data interference immunity and reduces signal transmission time.

[0039] like Figure 4 As shown, communication unit 3 includes an NB-IOT chip U3, capacitors C11 and C12, and a SIM card. Pin 14 of the NB-IOT chip U3 is connected to ground via capacitors C11 and C12 connected in parallel. Pin 20 of the NB-IOT chip U3 is connected to the VCC pin of the SIM card, pin 22 of the NB-IOT chip U3 is connected to the CLK pin of the SIM card, and pin 23 of the NB-IOT chip U3 is connected to the RST pin of the SIM card. Pin 6 of the NB-IOT chip U3 is connected to pin 14 of the microcontroller U1, and pin 7 of the NB-IOT chip U3 is connected to pin 15 of the microcontroller U1. The NB-IoT wireless communication module uses the WHNB73 module. NB-IoT can provide service in areas with weak signals, such as underground, in basements, and inside buildings. NB-IoT offers low power consumption and low cost.

[0040] Communication unit 3 includes an RS422 interface chip U4. The RO pin of the RS422 interface chip U4 is connected to , and the DI pin of the RS422 interface chip U4 is connected to . The RS422 interface chip U4 is a MAX488 chip. The pins are as follows:

[0041] pin1: VCC, 5V

[0042] Pin2: RO, receiver output. If AB>0.2V, RO is high level, AB<0.2V, RO is low level.

[0043] Pin 3: Driver input. When DI is low, Y is low and Z is high; when DI is high, Y is high and Z is low.

[0044] pin4: ground

[0045] pin5: Y, same-direction output terminal of the driver.

[0046] pin6: Z, driver reverse output terminal.

[0047] pin7: B, receiver inverting input.

[0048] pin8: A, receiver non-inverting input.

[0049] RS422 interface circuit design Figure 5 As shown in the figure, a 5V bidirectional transient suppression diode and a 100pF capacitor are designed at the TX output end for external electrostatic protection and filtering of the RS422 serial port signal. Because the RS422 interface chip does not support floating the serial port differential RX input end, a 1kΩ pull-up resistor and a 1kΩ pull-down resistor are installed on the RX receiving end.

[0050] The protection unit 5 includes an overcurrent protection circuit, an overvoltage protection circuit and an undervoltage protection circuit. When the overcurrent protection circuit receives an overcurrent signal from the control unit 1, it triggers the relay to cut off the circuit; the overvoltage protection circuit and the undervoltage protection circuit are used to trigger the relay to cut off the circuit when they receive an overvoltage or undervoltage signal from the control unit 1.

[0051] Overcurrent protection: Hall-effect current sensors monitor the current in the distribution lines in real time. When the detected current exceeds a preset safety threshold, the sensor transmits this overcurrent information to control unit 1. After analyzing and confirming an overcurrent condition, the control unit sends a command to protection unit 5, triggering a relay to disconnect the circuit, thus implementing overcurrent protection.

[0052] Overvoltage protection: Voltage transformers measure voltage in the power distribution system. If the voltage exceeds the normal range and reaches a preset upper limit, the voltage transformers report this overvoltage condition to control unit 1. Once the control unit identifies an overvoltage condition, it sends a command to protection unit 5 via the communication interface, disconnecting the corresponding relay to prevent damage to the equipment caused by high voltage.

[0053] Undervoltage protection: When the voltage falls below the set safety lower limit, the voltage transformer will also capture this change and report it to the control unit 1. Once the control unit determines that undervoltage has occurred, it will instruct the protection unit 5 to take action, that is, activate the relevant relay to interrupt the power supply to prevent problems caused by low voltage.

[0054] Power distribution:

[0055] The three-phase AC power supply is connected to the busbar via a three-phase AC contactor.

[0056] The busbar is distributed into multiple independent three-phase three-wire AC outputs through multiple three-phase AC contactors. An air switch is connected in series at the back end of each output to ensure that the circuit can be quickly disconnected in case of overload.

[0057] Data collection:

[0058] Current monitoring: The Hall current sensor detects the current value of each output in real time and sends the data to the control unit.

[0059] Voltage monitoring: Voltage transformers measure the voltage in the power distribution system and transmit the data to the control unit.

[0060] Environmental monitoring: The temperature and humidity sensor circuit collects real-time temperature and humidity data around the distribution line to assess the impact of environmental conditions on the system.

[0061] Data analysis and decision-making:

[0062] The control unit receives data from the sensors, analyzes it and determines whether any abnormal conditions (such as overcurrent, overvoltage or undervoltage) occur.

[0063] If any abnormality is detected, the control unit will send corresponding instructions to the protection unit.

[0064] Failsafe:

[0065] Overcurrent protection: When the Hall current sensor detects that the current exceeds the safety threshold, the control unit triggers the relay to immediately cut off the fault circuit.

[0066] Overvoltage protection: When the voltage transformer detects that the voltage is out of the normal range, the control unit will also trigger the relay to cut off the circuit to prevent damage caused by high voltage.

[0067] Undervoltage protection: If the voltage is lower than the set safety lower limit, the control unit will also instruct the protection unit to activate the relay to interrupt the power supply to avoid problems caused by low voltage.

[0068] The communication unit exchanges data with the host computer through the RS422 serial port or NB-IoT wireless interface, allowing the user or management system to monitor the power distribution status in real time and perform remote control when necessary.

[0069] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A power distribution control system, characterized in that: The invention comprises a control unit (1), a power unit (2), a communication unit (3), a sensor unit (4) and a protection unit (5); the power unit (2), the communication unit (3), the sensor unit (4) and the protection unit (5) are all connected to the control unit (1); the power unit (2) connects a three-phase three-wire AC power supply to a busbar through a three-phase AC contactor; the busbar is distributed into independent three-phase three-wire AC outputs through multiple three-phase AC contactors; the communication unit (3) is used for the control unit (1) to exchange data with a host computer through an RS422 serial port or a wireless interface; the sensor unit (4) collects current, voltage and temperature data of the distribution line in real time; and the protection unit (5) quickly cuts off the fault circuit according to the instruction of the control unit (1).

2. A power distribution control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control unit (1) comprises a single-chip microcomputer U1, and the single-chip microcomputer U1 is an STM32F103 single-chip microcomputer.

3. A power distribution control system according to claim 2, characterized in that: An air switch is connected in series at the rear end of each three-phase AC contactor in the power unit (2).

4. A power distribution control system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The sensor unit (4) comprises a Hall current sensor, a voltage transformer and a temperature and humidity sensor circuit, wherein the Hall current sensor collects the current of the distribution line in real time, the voltage transformer collects the voltage of the distribution line in real time, and the temperature and humidity sensor circuit collects the temperature and humidity of the distribution line in real time.

5. A power distribution control system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The temperature and humidity sensor circuit includes a temperature and humidity sensor U2, a resistor R9 and a capacitor C22. The temperature and humidity sensor U2 is grounded through the capacitor C22. The third pin of the temperature and humidity sensor U2 is connected to the 13th pin of the microcontroller U1. The resistor R9 is connected between the third and fourth pins of the temperature and humidity sensor U2.

6. A power distribution control system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The communication unit (3) includes an NB-IOT chip U3, a capacitor C11, a capacitor C12 and a SIM card. The 14th pin of the NB-IOT chip U3 is grounded through the capacitors C11 and C12 connected in parallel. The 20th pin of the NB-IOT chip U3 is connected to the VCC pin of the SIM card. The 22nd pin of the NB-IOT chip U3 is connected to the CLK pin of the SIM card. The 23rd pin of the NB-IOT chip U3 is connected to the RST pin of the SIM card. The 6th pin of the NB-IOT chip U3 is connected to the 14th pin of the single-chip microcomputer U1. The 7th pin of the NB-IOT chip U3 is connected to the 15th pin of the single-chip microcomputer U1.

7. A power distribution control system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The communication unit (3) includes an RS422 interface chip U4, wherein the RO pin of the RS422 interface chip U4 is connected to the 16th pin of the single chip microcomputer U1, and the DI pin of the RS422 interface chip U4 is connected to the 17th pin of the single chip microcomputer U1.

8. The power distribution control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protection unit (5) includes an overcurrent protection circuit, an overvoltage protection circuit, and an undervoltage protection circuit. When the overcurrent protection circuit receives an overcurrent signal from the control unit (1), it triggers a relay to operate and cuts off the circuit. The overvoltage protection circuit and the undervoltage protection circuit are used to trigger a relay to operate and cut off the circuit when they receive an overvoltage or undervoltage signal from the control unit (1).

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