Perovskite cell packaging structure and perovskite photovoltaic device

Abstract

The utility model provides a perovskite cell packaging structure and a perovskite photovoltaic device, the perovskite cell packaging structure comprises a front plate glass, a back plate glass, an edge packaging layer and a barrier adhesive film layer, the front plate glass and the back plate glass are oppositely arranged, the edge packaging layer is located between the front plate glass and the back plate glass, the barrier adhesive film layer is located between the edge packaging layer and the back plate glass, and the barrier adhesive film layer is located between the front plate glass and the back plate glass. The front plate glass, the back plate glass and the edge packaging layer form a packaging cavity, the barrier adhesive film layer is arranged on the surface of one side, close to the packaging cavity, of the back plate glass, and a light reflecting layer is further arranged between the back plate glass and the barrier adhesive film layer. The solar cell has high photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of perovskite batteries and relates to a packaging structure of a perovskite battery and a perovskite photovoltaic device. Background Art

[0002] As a cutting-edge field in the development of new energy, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have shown tremendous commercial potential due to their low manufacturing costs and excellent photoelectric performance, attracting the attention of numerous researchers. Currently, perovskite production lines operating at 100-megawatt levels have achieved perovskite photoelectric conversion efficiencies exceeding 18.4%. However, the stability of perovskite cell devices remains understudied and underdeveloped, leading to a struggle between efficiency and stability during production and use, hindering their further commercialization.

[0003] Currently, perovskite solar cell packaging typically utilizes a structure consisting of upper and lower substrates and a middle filler layer. The perovskite cell is placed between the substrate and cover, filled with EVA or POE film, and then vacuum-bonded and cured by heat. Perovskite cells often utilize a highly conductive metal back electrode layer. However, metal electrodes readily react with halogens, a key component of perovskites, leading to decomposition of the perovskite layer and metal halogenation, which can affect its stability.

[0004] Therefore, developing a method that can not only improve the efficiency of perovskite cells but also stably encapsulate perovskite cells is extremely necessary for the commercial development of perovskite cells. Utility Model Content

[0005] In response to the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a packaging structure of a perovskite cell and a perovskite photovoltaic device, which balances the photoelectric conversion performance and stability of the perovskite cell, while improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the photovoltaic device.

[0006] To achieve this purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a packaging structure for a perovskite battery, wherein the packaging structure for the perovskite battery includes a front glass panel, a back glass panel, an edge packaging layer, and a barrier film layer. The front glass panel and the back glass panel are arranged opposite to each other, and the edge packaging layer is located between the front glass panel and the back glass panel. The front glass panel, the back glass panel, and the edge packaging layer form a packaging cavity. The barrier film layer is arranged on one side surface of the back glass panel close to the packaging cavity, and a reflective layer is also arranged between the back glass panel and the barrier film layer.

[0008] The packaging cavity in the present invention is used to accommodate the perovskite battery component, and by providing a reflective layer, the light passing through the perovskite battery component is reflected back to the perovskite battery component for reabsorption and utilization, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery. At the same time, the filled barrier film layer can fully block the perovskite halogen elements and the reflective layer, improve the overall stability, and effectively balance the stability and photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the thickness of the reflective layer is 200 to 1000 nm, for example, it can be 200 nm, 250 nm, 300 nm, 350 nm, 400 nm, 450 nm, 500 nm, 550 nm, 600 nm, 650 nm, 700 nm, 750 nm, 800 nm, 850 nm, 900 nm, 950 nm or 1000 nm, but is not limited to the listed values, and other values ​​not listed within this numerical range are also applicable.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the reflective layer is a silver layer, an aluminum layer or a copper layer.

[0011] The reflective layer of the present invention is made of a single metal material and has high reflective performance. The light passing through the perovskite battery component is reflected by the reflective layer and then re-enters the perovskite battery component to promote secondary absorption, thereby effectively improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the barrier film layer is an EVA (ethylene-vinyl-acetate) film layer or a POE (polyolefin elastomer) film layer.

[0013] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a perovskite photovoltaic device, which includes a battery assembly and the packaging structure of the perovskite battery described in the first aspect, and the battery assembly is arranged in the packaging cavity.

[0014] The utility model adopts a packaging structure to wrap the perovskite battery component, effectively isolating the water and oxygen in the air, ensuring the stability of the battery component, and also realizes the secondary absorption of light passing through the battery component through the design of the reflective layer, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency. The adhesive film is used to achieve the barrier between the metal reflective layer and the perovskite battery component, ensuring the stability of the battery component.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the battery assembly includes a front electrode layer, a perovskite battery layer and a back electrode layer stacked in sequence, the front electrode layer is connected to the front glass, the back electrode layer is connected to the barrier film layer, and the back electrode layer is a conductive oxide electrode layer made of non-metallic material.

[0016] The back electrode layer of the utility model adopts a conductive oxide electrode layer made of non-metallic material, which can promote the import and export of electric charges, and does not contain metal inside, avoiding reaction with the halogen elements of the perovskite battery layer, thereby improving the overall stability; at the same time, the barrier film layer is filled between the metal reflective layer and the perovskite battery layer, further blocking the reaction between the metal elements and the halogen elements, thereby achieving a balance between the stability of the battery component and the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the back electrode layer is an IWO (Indium Tungsten Oxide, indium tungsten oxide) electrode layer, an ITO (Indium Tin Oxide, indium tin oxide) electrode layer, an FTO (Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide) electrode layer or an AZO (Aluminum Zinc Oxide, aluminum zinc oxide) electrode layer.

[0018] It should be noted that the back electrode layers described in the present invention are made of materials known to those skilled in the art and have high electrical conductivity.

[0019] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the perovskite battery layer includes at least one perovskite heterojunction; the perovskite heterojunction includes a first carrier transport layer, a perovskite absorption layer and a second carrier transport layer stacked in sequence.

[0020] That is, the perovskite cell layer in the present invention can be a single-section perovskite heterojunction or a multi-section stacked perovskite heterojunction.

[0021] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, when the number of the perovskite heterojunctions is at least two, a tunneling composite layer is provided between two adjacent layers of the perovskite heterojunctions.

[0022] When the perovskite cell layer of the present invention adopts a multi-layered perovskite heterojunction structure, a passivation effect is achieved through the tunneling composite layer, thereby alleviating interface composite loss and light loss.

[0023] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the first carrier transport layer and the second carrier transport layer are independently hole transport layers or electron transport layers; the first carrier transport layer and the second carrier transport layer are different from each other.

[0024] That is, in the present invention, when the first carrier transport layer is a hole transport layer, the second carrier transport layer is an electron transport layer; when the first carrier transport layer is an electron transport layer, the second carrier transport layer is a hole transport layer.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0026] The utility model provides a packaging structure of a perovskite cell and a perovskite photovoltaic device, which reflect transmitted light, achieve secondary absorption, and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency; at the same time, it also isolates the perovskite halogen elements from external metals, avoids the reaction between metal and halogen elements, and improves the overall stability. A barrier film layer is filled in the back electrode to further improve the stability, while also balancing the photoelectric conversion performance and stability performance of the photovoltaic device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a perovskite photovoltaic device provided in Example 1 of the present utility model;

[0028] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of the encapsulation layer in the perovskite photovoltaic device provided in Example 1 of the present utility model;

[0029] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the stability test results of the perovskite photovoltaic devices of Example 1, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 in the present invention.

[0030] Among them, 1-back panel glass; 2-front electrode layer; 3-perovskite absorption layer; 31-NiOx film; 32-C60 film; 4-back electrode layer; 5-front panel glass; 6-edge encapsulation layer; 7-barrier film layer; 8-reflective layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] It should be understood that, in the description of the present invention, the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, features defined as "first", "second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means two or more.

[0032] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and through specific implementation methods.

[0033] In a specific embodiment, the utility model provides a packaging structure for a perovskite cell, comprising a front glass, a back glass, an edge packaging layer, and a barrier film layer. The front glass and the back glass are arranged opposite each other, the edge packaging layer is located between the front glass and the back glass, the front glass, the back glass, and the edge packaging layer form a packaging cavity, the barrier film layer is arranged on a side surface of the back glass close to the packaging cavity, and a reflective layer is further provided between the back glass and the barrier film layer. The front glass and the back glass are both transparent structures, allowing light to pass through and enter the perovskite cell layer. The reflective layer has good reflective properties, so that light passing through the perovskite cell assembly is reflected back into the perovskite cell assembly for secondary absorption and utilization, thereby improving the cell's photoelectric conversion efficiency. At the same time, the barrier film layer filled between the cell assembly and the reflective layer can fully block the perovskite halogen elements and the metal of the reflective layer, effectively balancing stability and photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0034] In some embodiments, the thickness of the reflective layer is 200-1000 nm. The present invention controls the thickness of the reflective layer within the above range, which is beneficial to ensuring the reflective performance of the reflective layer and reducing production costs.

[0035] In some embodiments, the reflective layer is a silver, aluminum, or copper layer, which has excellent reflective properties, allowing light that has passed through the perovskite cell assembly to re-enter the perovskite cell assembly for secondary absorption. To improve the production efficiency of photovoltaic devices, the reflective layer can be first coated on the surface of the backplane glass, and then the side coated with the metal reflective layer is pressed onto the barrier film layer and laminated.

[0036] In some embodiments, the barrier film layer is an EVA film layer or a POE film layer, so as to fully block the perovskite halogen elements and the metal elements in the reflective layer, thereby balancing stability and conversion efficiency.

[0037] The present invention does not specifically limit the material of the edge packaging layer, and any packaging material commonly used in the art can be used. For example, it can be butyl rubber, which has good water and oxygen barrier capabilities, further improving device stability and extending service life.

[0038] Exemplarily, the packaging process using the packaging structure provided by the present invention specifically includes: first, making a battery assembly on the surface of the front glass; second, preparing an edge packaging layer around the battery assembly, and laying a barrier film layer on the top surface of the battery assembly; finally, coating the surface of the back glass with a reflective layer, and laminating one side of the reflective layer to the barrier film layer so that the reflective layer contacts the barrier film layer, thereby completing the packaging.

[0039] In another specific embodiment, the present invention provides a perovskite photovoltaic device, which includes a battery assembly and a packaging structure of a perovskite battery according to a specific embodiment, wherein the battery assembly is arranged in the packaging cavity.

[0040] In some embodiments, the battery assembly includes a front electrode layer, a perovskite cell layer, and a back electrode layer stacked in sequence. The front electrode layer is connected to the front glass panel, and the back electrode layer is connected to the barrier film layer. The back electrode layer is a non-metallic conductive oxide electrode layer. The front electrode layer is a transparent structure, allowing light to pass through and enter the perovskite cell layer. The back electrode layer is transparent and does not contain metal, avoiding halogenation reactions with the perovskite halogen element. The metal reflective layer has good reflective properties, so that light passing through the perovskite cell layer is reflected back to the perovskite cell layer for secondary absorption and utilization, thereby improving the cell's photoelectric conversion efficiency. The barrier film layer filled between the non-metallic back electrode layer and the metal reflective layer can fully block the perovskite halogen element from the metal of the reflective layer, effectively balancing stability and photoelectric conversion efficiency. Specifically, the back electrode layer is an IWO electrode layer, an ITO electrode layer, an FTO electrode layer, or an AZO electrode layer, all of which have nanoscale or microscale structures, effectively facilitating the import and export of charge.

[0041] In some embodiments, the front electrode layer is an ITO conductive film layer, an FTO conductive film layer, or an AZO conductive film layer, all of which are materials known to those skilled in the art and have high conductivity.

[0042] In some embodiments, the perovskite cell layer includes at least one perovskite heterojunction; the perovskite heterojunction includes a first carrier transport layer, a perovskite absorption layer, and a second carrier transport layer stacked in sequence. Furthermore, when there are at least two perovskite heterojunctions, a tunneling composite layer is provided between two adjacent perovskite heterojunctions. That is, the perovskite cell layer can be a single-junction perovskite heterojunction or a multi-junction stacked perovskite heterojunction.

[0043] When the perovskite cell layer is a single-cell perovskite heterojunction, the perovskite cell layer is composed of a first carrier transport layer, a perovskite absorption layer and a second carrier transport layer stacked in sequence, and the first carrier transport layer and the second carrier transport layer are respectively connected to the front electrode layer and the back electrode layer.

[0044] When the perovskite cell layer is a double-section perovskite heterojunction, the perovskite cell layer is composed of a first-section perovskite heterojunction, a tunneling composite layer and a second-section perovskite heterojunction stacked in sequence, and the first-section perovskite heterojunction and the second-section perovskite heterojunction independently include a first carrier transport layer, a perovskite absorption layer and a second carrier transport layer stacked in sequence.

[0045] When the perovskite battery layer is an n (n≥3) perovskite heterojunction, the perovskite battery layer is composed of the first perovskite heterojunction, the first tunneling composite layer,..., the n-1th perovskite heterojunction, the n-1th tunneling composite layer and the nth perovskite heterojunction, and each perovskite heterojunction includes a first carrier transport layer, a perovskite absorption layer and a second carrier transport layer stacked in sequence.

[0046] In some embodiments, the first carrier transport layer and the second carrier transport layer are independently a hole transport layer or an electron transport layer; the first carrier transport layer and the second carrier transport layer are different from each other. That is, in the present invention, when the first carrier transport layer is a hole transport layer, the second carrier transport layer is an electron transport layer; when the first carrier transport layer is an electron transport layer, the second carrier transport layer is a hole transport layer. The present invention does not specifically limit the materials of the hole transport layer and the electron transport layer, and materials commonly used in the art can be used. For example, the hole transport layer includes but is not limited to a nickel oxide film or a doped nickel oxide film, and the electron transport layer includes but is not limited to a C60 film, a ZnO film, SnO2, etc.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] This embodiment provides a perovskite photovoltaic device, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, it includes a front glass 5, a front electrode layer 2, a perovskite cell layer, a back electrode layer 4, and a back glass 1 stacked in sequence. An edge encapsulation layer 6 is provided between the front glass 5 and the back glass 1, and the front glass 5, the back glass 1, and the edge encapsulation layer 6 form an encapsulation cavity, and the front electrode layer 2, the perovskite cell layer, and the back electrode layer 4 are located in the encapsulation cavity. A barrier film layer 7 is also provided on the side of the back glass 1 close to the back electrode layer 4, and a reflective layer 8 is also provided between the barrier film layer 7 and the back glass 1. The front glass 5 is transparent glass, the front electrode layer 2 is a transparent FTO film, the back electrode layer 4 is a transparent ITO film, the barrier film layer 7 is a POE film, the reflective layer 8 is a copper layer with a thickness of 100nm, the back glass 1 is mirror glass, and the edge encapsulation layer 6 is a butyl tape. The perovskite cell layer includes a NiOx film 31 , a perovskite absorption layer 3 and a C60 film 32 stacked in sequence. The NiOx film 31 is connected to the front electrode layer 2 , and the C60 film 32 is connected to the back electrode layer 4 .

[0049] The packaging process of the perovskite photovoltaic device in this embodiment includes: depositing FTO film, NiOx film 31, perovskite absorption layer 3, C60 film 32 and ITO film in sequence on the surface of the front glass 5, and reserving an area for the edge packaging layer 6 on all sides; leading out the electrode, and then applying butyl tape along the reserved area for packaging; then laying POE film on the ITO film; finally, plating a copper layer on the surface of the back glass 1, and then pressing the copper layer onto the POE film toward the front glass 5 and laminating.

[0050] Example 2

[0051] This embodiment provides a perovskite photovoltaic device, which differs from Example 1 in that: the perovskite cell layer has a double-junction perovskite heterojunction, and is composed of a first NiOx film, a first perovskite absorption layer, a first C60 film, a tunneling composite layer, a second NiOx film, a second perovskite absorption layer and a second C60 film stacked in sequence, and the first NiOx film is connected to the front electrode layer, and the second C60 film is connected to the back electrode layer. The rest of the structure and packaging method are the same as those in Example 1.

[0052] Comparative Example 1

[0053] This comparative example provides a perovskite photovoltaic device, which differs from Example 1 in that the back electrode layer is a copper electrode and no reflective layer is provided. The rest of the structure is the same as that of Example 1.

[0054] The preparation process of the perovskite photovoltaic device in this comparative example includes: depositing an FTO film, a NiOx film, a perovskite absorption layer, a C60 film and a copper electrode layer in sequence on the surface of the front glass, and reserving an area for the edge packaging layer on all sides; leading out the electrodes, and applying butyl tape along the reserved area for packaging; laying a POE film on the surface of the copper electrode layer; pressing the back glass onto the POE film and laminating it.

[0055] Comparative Example 2

[0056] This comparative example provides a perovskite photovoltaic device, which differs from Example 1 in that no reflective layer is provided in the back electrode layer, and the rest of the structure is the same as that of Example 1.

[0057] The preparation process of the perovskite photovoltaic device in this comparative example includes: depositing an FTO film, a NiOx film, a perovskite absorption layer, a C60 film and an ITO film in sequence on the surface of the front glass, and reserving an area for the edge packaging layer on all sides; leading out the electrodes, and applying butyl tape along the reserved area for packaging; laying a POE film on the surface of the ITO film; and pressing the back glass onto the POE film and laminating it.

[0058] The present invention respectively tests the electrical properties of the perovskite photovoltaic devices obtained in Example 1, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, such as open circuit voltage (Voc), short circuit current (Jsc), fill factor (FF) and photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE), and the results are shown in Table 1. In addition, the present invention also uses the IEC61215-2021 test standard method to test the aging stability of the perovskite photovoltaic devices obtained in Example 1, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2. The results are shown in Table 1. Figure 3 shown.

[0059] Table 1

[0060] serial number Voc(V) <![CDATA[Jsc(mA / cm 2 )]]> FF(%) PCE (%) Example 1 1.118 21.8 0.734 0.179 Comparative Example 1 1.119 22.9 0.742 0.190 Comparative Example 2 1.117 18.7 0.703 0.147

[0061] Combined with Table 1 Figure 3 It can be seen that the average electrical performance gap between the perovskite photovoltaic devices of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 is small, and both are better than Comparative Example 2. At the same time, the stability of the perovskite photovoltaic devices of Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 is high, and both are higher than Comparative Example 1. This is because Example 1 uses ITO that does not contain metal as the back electrode layer, which can effectively promote the import and export of charges, and a reflective layer is provided on the back glass, which can achieve secondary absorption of transmitted light, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency. A film is also used to block between the ITO and the metal reflective layer, thereby avoiding direct contact between the metal and the perovskite absorption layer, improving the overall stability, and ensuring the balance between the stability of the photovoltaic device and the photoelectric conversion efficiency. Comparative Example 1 directly uses metal as the back electrode layer, which has good conductivity, but because the metal is in direct contact with the perovskite absorption layer, it is easy to react with the halogen elements in the perovskite, resulting in a significant reduction in stability. Comparative Example 2 uses ITO as the back electrode layer, which has good stability, but no reflective layer is provided, so that the light passing through the ITO electrode layer cannot be reflected, reducing the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0062] The applicant declares that the above is only a specific implementation method of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Technicians in the relevant technical field should understand that any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by technicians in the relevant technical field within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention fall within the protection scope and disclosure scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A packaging structure of a perovskite battery, characterized in that: The packaging structure of the perovskite cell includes a front glass panel, a back glass panel, an edge packaging layer and a barrier film layer. The front glass panel and the back glass panel are arranged opposite to each other, and the edge packaging layer is located between the front glass panel and the back glass panel. The front glass panel, the back glass panel and the edge packaging layer form a packaging cavity. The barrier film layer is arranged on the side surface of the back glass panel close to the packaging cavity. A reflective layer is also arranged between the back glass panel and the barrier film layer; the reflective layer is a silver layer, an aluminum layer or a copper layer.

2. The packaging structure of the perovskite battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the reflective layer is 200-1000 nm.

3. The packaging structure of the perovskite battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The barrier film layer is an EVA film layer or a POE film layer.

4. A perovskite photovoltaic device, characterized in that: The perovskite photovoltaic device includes a battery assembly and a packaging structure of the perovskite battery according to any one of claims 1 to 3, and the battery assembly is arranged in the packaging cavity.

5. The perovskite photovoltaic device according to claim 4, characterized in that The battery assembly includes a front electrode layer, a perovskite battery layer and a back electrode layer stacked in sequence, the front electrode layer is connected to the front glass plate, the back electrode layer is connected to the barrier film layer, and the back electrode layer is a conductive oxide electrode layer made of non-metallic material.

6. The perovskite photovoltaic device according to claim 5, characterized in that The back electrode layer is an IWO electrode layer, an ITO electrode layer, a FTO electrode layer or an AZO electrode layer.

7. The perovskite photovoltaic device according to claim 5, characterized in that The perovskite cell layer includes at least one perovskite heterojunction; The perovskite heterojunction includes a first carrier transport layer, a perovskite absorption layer and a second carrier transport layer stacked in sequence.

8. The perovskite photovoltaic device according to claim 7, characterized in that When the number of the perovskite heterojunctions is at least two, a tunneling composite layer is provided between two adjacent layers of the perovskite heterojunctions.

9. The perovskite photovoltaic device according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: The first carrier transport layer and the second carrier transport layer are independently a hole transport layer or an electron transport layer; The first carrier transport layer and the second carrier transport layer are different from each other.

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