Super capacitor control device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a super capacitor control device, comprising an MCU unit used for processing various signals and executing control instructions; the super-capacity management unit is connected with the MCU unit; the single super-capacity input unit is connected with the super-capacity management unit; the balance execution unit is connected with the super-capacity management unit; the temperature detection unit is connected with the super-capacity management unit; the current detection unit is connected with the super-capacitance management unit; the super-capacity protection unit is connected with the super-capacity management unit; and the power supply conversion unit is used for providing working voltage for the MCU unit and the super-capacitance management unit. According to the utility model, the working condition of the supercapacitor can be detected in real time, and overcharge, overdischarge, overcurrent, high and low temperature and other abnormalities of the supercapacitor are protected, so that the service life of the supercapacitor is effectively prolonged, and the safety of using the supercapacitor by a user is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of supercapacitors, and in particular to a supercapacitor control device. Background Art

[0002] Traditional batteries are widely used as energy storage devices in various fields, but they have problems such as capacity loss, increased impedance and heat generation during use. Especially at extreme temperatures, these problems may lead to performance degradation and safety hazards.

[0003] Supercapacitors, with their high power density, fast charge and discharge speeds, and long cycle life, are increasingly becoming an alternative to batteries in some industrial control applications. They demonstrate broad potential for application in areas such as electric vehicles, renewable energy systems, and mobile electronic devices. However, practical applications also present challenges such as voltage imbalance and temperature variations, which can affect their overall performance and service life.

[0004] Current supercapacitor control systems mostly focus on basic voltage monitoring and temperature protection, lacking comprehensive analysis and management of the supercapacitor's real-time status. Therefore, the development of an integrated, high-performance control device is crucial. This device should offer intelligent monitoring, real-time adjustment, and optimized management capabilities to enhance the safety, stability, and service life of supercapacitors and meet the complex demands of modern energy storage systems.

[0005] To this end, after beneficial exploration and research, the applicant has proposed a simple, effective, complete and low-cost supercapacitor control device with higher precision and flexibility, and data analysis capabilities to support intelligent decision-making processes. This will help promote the application of supercapacitors in a wider range of fields and provide more efficient solutions for energy management. Utility Model Content

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a supercapacitor control device in view of the deficiencies in the prior art.

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention can be achieved by adopting the following technical solutions:

[0008] A supercapacitor control device, comprising:

[0009] MCU unit, the MCU unit is used to process various signals and execute control instructions;

[0010] An overcapacity management unit, connected to the MCU unit, is used to collect single cell overcapacity voltage, ambient temperature, and charge and discharge current data, perform overcapacity balancing and protection management, and input the collected data into the MCU unit for processing;

[0011] A single cell overcapacity input unit, connected to the overcapacity management unit, for collecting voltage signals indicating cell overcapacity, and transmitting the collected voltage signals to the MCU unit for processing via the overcapacity management unit;

[0012] a balancing execution unit connected to the overcapacity management unit and configured to perform balancing control on the overcapacity of cells according to a control instruction sent by the overcapacity management unit;

[0013] a temperature detection unit connected to the supercapacitor management unit, configured to collect temperature signals of the supercapacitors and the temperature of the supercapacitor control device circuit board, and transmit the collected temperature signals to the MCU unit through the supercapacitor management unit for data processing;

[0014] A current detection unit, connected to the supercapacitor management unit, for collecting the charge and discharge current of the supercapacitor module and transmitting the collected current signal to the MCU unit for processing through the supercapacitor management unit;

[0015] an overcapacitance protection unit, connected to the overcapacitance management unit, for controlling the charge and discharge state of the supercapacitor module and protecting the supercapacitor from abnormalities such as overcharge, overdischarge, overcurrent, high and low temperatures, and the like; and

[0016] A power conversion unit is connected to an external power supply device and is used to provide an operating voltage for the MCU unit and the super-capacity management unit.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an input / output unit is further included, and the input / output unit is connected to the MCU unit and is used for input and output processing of digital signal quantities.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an analog quantity acquisition unit is further included, which is connected to the MCU unit and is used for input detection and processing of analog signal quantities.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an RS485 interface unit is further included, and the RS485 interface unit is connected to the MCU unit to enable the MCU unit to exchange data with the outside.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a CAN interface unit is further included, and the CAN interface unit is connected to the MCU unit to enable the MCU unit to exchange data with the outside.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the MCU unit adopts an MCU chip of the STM32L431 series.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the super capacity management unit adopts a management chip of model SH367309.

[0023] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effect of the present invention is that the present invention can detect the working condition of the supercapacitor in real time, and protect the supercapacitor from abnormalities such as overcharging, overdischarging, overcurrent, high and low temperature, thereby effectively extending the service life of the supercapacitor and ensuring the safety of users using the supercapacitor. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0025] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of the present utility model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easier to understand, the present invention is further described below with reference to specific illustrations.

[0027] See also Figure 1 The figure shows a supercapacitor control device, which includes an MCU unit 1, an overcapacity management unit 2, a single-cell overcapacity input unit 3, a balancing execution unit 4, a temperature detection unit 5, a current detection unit 6, an overcapacity protection unit 7, an input and output unit 8, an analog acquisition unit 9, an RS485 interface unit 10, a CAN interface unit 11 and a power conversion unit 12.

[0028] The MCU unit 1 is powered by the power conversion unit 12 and is responsible for processing voltage, temperature, current, and other signals provided by the supercapacitor management unit 2. Based on the data provided by the supercapacitor management unit 2, it is responsible for implementing single-cell supercapacitor voltage balancing using the equalization execution unit 4. It also uses the supercapacitor protection unit 7 to protect against overcharge, overdischarge, overcurrent, high and low temperature anomalies. It is responsible for processing data from the input and output unit 8 and the analog acquisition unit 9, and communicating with the supercapacitor main controller through the RS485 interface unit 10 or the CAN interface unit 11. In this embodiment, the MCU unit 1 uses an STM32L431 series MCU chip.

[0029] The overcapacity management unit 2, powered by the power conversion unit 12, measures and processes the cell overcapacity voltage signal from the cell overcapacity input unit 3, measures and processes the cell overcapacity temperature signal from the temperature detection unit 5, measures and processes the charge and discharge current signal of the overcapacity module from the current detection unit 6, performs cell voltage balancing using the balancing execution unit 4, and protects the supercapacitor from abnormalities such as overcharge, overdischarge, overcurrent, and high and low temperature using the overcapacity protection unit 7. In this embodiment, the overcapacity management unit 2 uses the SH367309 management chip.

[0030] The cell overcapacity input unit 3 is connected to the overcapacity management unit 2 and is used to collect cell overcapacity voltage signals and input the collected voltage into the overcapacity management unit 2 for processing. Specifically, the cell overcapacity input unit 3 processes the cell voltage using a resistance-capacitance filter circuit and an overvoltage protection circuit and outputs it to the overcapacity management unit 2, making the measurement of the overcapacity management unit 2 more accurate and providing protection for the overcapacity management unit 2.

[0031] The balancing execution unit 4 is connected to the overcapacitance management unit 2 and is responsible for balancing the cell overcapacitance according to control commands sent by the MCU unit 1. This balancing execution unit 4 uses a passive balancing method, connecting a bleeder resistor in parallel with each cell overcapacitance, whose conduction is controlled by a MOSFET. The conduction state of the MOSFET is controlled by the overcapacitance management unit 2. The supercapacitor main controller sends control commands to the MCU unit 1 via the RS485 interface unit 10 or the CAN interface unit 11. The MCU unit 1 controls the on / off state of the MOSFET through the overcapacitance management unit 2 according to the control commands, thereby achieving balanced control of the cell overcapacitance.

[0032] The temperature detection unit 5 is connected to the overcapacity management unit 2 and is used to collect the temperature signal of the single cell overcapacitor and the temperature of the supercapacitor control device circuit board itself, and input the collected temperature signal into the supercapacitor management unit 2 and transmit it to the MCU unit 1 for processing. Specifically, the temperature detection unit 5 is used to connect the NTC thermistor to the overcapacitor management unit 2, which is composed of a filter circuit and an overvoltage protection circuit. In this embodiment, the temperature detection unit 5 is connected to two external NTCs, whose type is 10k3950B value, which are respectively connected to the temperature input interface of the overcapacitor management unit 2. The two built-in NTCs, whose type is 10k3950B value, are used to detect the temperature of the battery protection board itself. The onboard temperature detection unit is composed of two NTC thermistors attached to the supercapacitor control device circuit board and related control circuits. The MCU unit 1 performs some actions based on the temperature data provided by the temperature detection unit 5 through the balancing execution unit 4 and the overcapacitor protection unit 7 to protect the supercapacitor.

[0033] The current detection unit 6 is connected to the overcapacity management unit 2 to collect the charge and discharge currents of the overcapacity module and transmit the collected current signals to the MCU unit 1 through the overcapacity management unit 2 for processing. Specifically, the current detection unit 6 is used to connect a resistive shunt to the overcapacity management unit 2. The shunt consists of a filter circuit and an overvoltage protection circuit. The MCU unit 1 calculates the overcapacity module capacity based on the current data. Based on the charge and discharge current, charge and discharge capacity, and other data, the overcapacity protection unit 7 performs protection for the supercapacitor.

[0034] The overcapacity protection unit 7 is connected to the overcapacity management unit 2 and controls the battery pack's charge and discharge status, providing enhanced protection against abnormalities such as overcharge, overdischarge, overcurrent, and high and low temperature conditions. Specifically, the overcapacity protection unit 7 consists of multiple sets of charging MOSFETs, multiple sets of discharging MOSFETs, and peripheral protection and control components. When an abnormality such as a short circuit, high or low temperature, overcharge, overdischarge, or overcurrent occurs in the supercapacitor, the MCU 1 determines the data threshold and, through the overcapacity management unit 2, controls the overcapacity protection unit 7 to execute a protective action, protecting the supercapacitor.

[0035] The input / output unit 8 is connected to the MCU unit 1 and is used for input and output processing of digital signals. Specifically, the input / output unit 8 consists of an output relay, an input isolation optocoupler, and peripheral protection and control components. If an abnormality occurs in the supercapacitor, the output unit controls peripheral actuator components to further protect the supercapacitor.

[0036] Analog signal acquisition unit 9 is connected to MCU unit 1 and collects analog input. Specifically, the analog signal is processed through a low-pass filter, input to the ADC for sampling, and then transmitted to MCU unit 1 for data processing. Based on the collected analog signal data, MCU unit 1 can determine the current industrial control status of the supercapacitor, issue a timely alarm when an abnormality occurs, and execute control actions through overcapacitance protection unit 7 and input / output unit 8.

[0037] The RS485 interface unit 10 is connected to the MCU unit 1 and is used to connect the MCU unit 1 to an external controller for data exchange. In this embodiment, the RS485 interface unit 10 is powered by an isolated DC-DC power supply and is electrically isolated from the MCU unit 1 by a magnetic isolation device. The RS485 interface unit 10 supports communication parameter configuration and supports MODBUS-RTU protocol communication.

[0038] The CAN interface unit 11 is connected to the MCU unit 1 and is used to connect the MCU unit 1 to an external controller for data exchange. In this embodiment, the CAN interface unit 11 is powered by an isolated DC-DC power supply and is electrically isolated from the MCU unit 1 by a magnetic isolation device. The CAN interface unit 11 supports configuration of communication parameters such as CAN ID, baud rate, and active and passive upload modes.

[0039] The power conversion unit 12 provides operating voltage for the MCU unit 1 and the super-capacity management unit 2. Specifically, the power conversion unit 12 converts the external 24V power supply to 5V and 3.3V voltages through protection devices, an isolation transformer, and a DC-DC chip to provide operating voltage for the MCU unit 1. The power conversion unit 12 also converts the voltage of the super-capacity module to 64V, 8V, 3.3V, etc. through a voltage regulator diode, MOS transistor, LDO chip, and protection devices to provide operating voltage for the super-capacity management unit 2.

[0040] The working principle of the supercapacitor control device of the present utility model is as follows:

[0041] The power conversion unit 12 provides operating voltage for the MCU unit 1 and the supercapacity management unit 2. The battery cell is connected to the supercapacity management unit 2 through the cell supercapacity input unit 3. The external NTC temperature probe and the onboard NTC temperature probe are connected to the supercapacity management unit 2 through the temperature detection unit 5. The current detection unit 6 and the supercapacity protection unit 7 are connected in series to the supercapacity module bus and connected to the supercapacity management unit 2. The supercapacity management unit 2 is connected to the MCU unit 1 through the internal bus. The input and output unit 8 and the analog acquisition unit 9 are connected to the MCU unit 1. The MCU unit 1 is connected to the supercapacitor main controller through the RS485 interface unit 10 or the CAN interface unit 11.

[0042] The supercapacitor main controller controls the MCU unit 1 through the RS485 interface unit 10 or the CAN interface unit 11 to sample the voltage, temperature, and current of the battery cells and read the voltage, temperature, and current sampled values. Based on the sampled values, the supercapacitor main controller instructs the supercapacitor management unit 2 to control the balancing execution unit 4 through the MCU unit 1. The balancing execution unit 4 controls the MOS tube switch for cell supercapacitor voltage balancing to discharge the power of the high-voltage cells. By controlling the supercapacitor protection unit 7, the MOS tube is turned on and off to control the charge and discharge state of the supercapacitor module, strengthening the protection of the supercapacitor against short circuits, overcharge, overdischarge, overcurrent, high and low temperatures, etc. At the same time, the supercapacitor main controller can also control the input and output unit 8 through the MCU unit 1 to monitor and process abnormal supercapacitor conditions and utilize external actuator components to further strengthen the protection strategy for the supercapacitor.

[0043] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. Various changes and improvements may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Such changes and improvements are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed in this invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A supercapacitor control device, characterized in that: include: MCU unit, the MCU unit is used to process various signals and execute control instructions; An overcapacity management unit, connected to the MCU unit, is used to collect single cell overcapacity voltage, ambient temperature, and charge and discharge current data, perform overcapacity balancing and protection management, and input the collected data into the MCU unit for processing; A single cell overcapacity input unit, connected to the overcapacity management unit, for collecting voltage signals indicating cell overcapacity, and transmitting the collected voltage signals to the MCU unit for processing via the overcapacity management unit; a balancing execution unit connected to the overcapacity management unit and configured to perform balancing control on the overcapacity of cells according to a control instruction sent by the overcapacity management unit; a temperature detection unit connected to the supercapacitor management unit, configured to collect temperature signals of the supercapacitors and the temperature of the supercapacitor control device circuit board, and transmit the collected temperature signals to the MCU unit through the supercapacitor management unit for data processing; A current detection unit, connected to the supercapacitor management unit, for collecting the charge and discharge current of the supercapacitor module and transmitting the collected current signal to the MCU unit for processing through the supercapacitor management unit; An overcapacitor protection unit, connected to the overcapacitor management unit, is used to control the charge and discharge state of the supercapacitor module and protect the supercapacitor from abnormalities such as overcharge, overdischarge, overcurrent, high and low temperature; as well as A power conversion unit is connected to an external power supply device and is used to provide an operating voltage for the MCU unit and the super-capacity management unit.

2. The supercapacitor control device according to claim 1, wherein: It also includes an input and output unit, which is connected to the MCU unit and is used for input and output processing of digital signal quantities.

3. The supercapacitor control device according to claim 1, wherein: It also includes an analog quantity acquisition unit, which is connected to the MCU unit and is used for input detection and processing of analog signal quantities.

4. The supercapacitor control device according to claim 1, wherein: It also includes an RS485 interface unit, which is connected to the MCU unit and is used to enable the MCU unit to exchange data with the outside.

5. The supercapacitor control device according to claim 1, wherein: It also includes a CAN interface unit, which is connected to the MCU unit and is used to enable the MCU unit to exchange data with the outside world.

6. The supercapacitor control device according to claim 1, wherein: The MCU unit adopts an MCU chip of the STM32L431 series.

7. The supercapacitor control device according to claim 1, wherein: The super capacity management unit adopts a management chip with model number SH367309.

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