Converter

Abstract

The converter comprises a tank body (1) and a heat exchange tube (2), an air outlet (121) is formed in the top of the tank body, an air inlet (131) is formed in the bottom of the tank body, a refrigerant inlet (111) and a refrigerant outlet (112) are formed in the side wall of the tank body, an upper tube plate (14) and a lower tube plate (15) are arranged on the upper portion and the lower portion in the tank body respectively, and a discharging cavity (122) is formed in the area, located on the upper portion of the upper tube plate, in the tank body. A feeding cavity (132) is formed in the area located on the lower portion of the lower tube plate, a cooling cavity (115) is formed in the area located between the upper tube plate and the lower tube plate, the heat exchange tubes are vertically arranged in the cooling cavity, the heat exchange tubes are communicated with the feeding cavity and the discharging cavity, hollow core tubes (21) are arranged in the heat exchange tubes, and the cavity between the hollow core tubes and the heat exchange tubes is filled with catalysts (22). As a vertical shell-and-tube heat exchanger, the heat dissipation efficiency of a catalyst can be improved, the problem of large radial temperature change is solved, non-uniform inactivation of the catalyst is prevented, and the filling amount of the catalyst is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to a converter, in particular to a converter for producing vinyl chloride. Background Art

[0002] The acetylene process is the primary method for producing vinyl chloride. This involves the synthesis of vinyl chloride by reacting acetylene gas with hydrogen chloride gas over a catalyst. Dry hydrogen chloride and acetylene are mixed in appropriate proportions, preheated to 70-80°C, and then passed into a converter. There, a mercuric chloride catalyst reacts to produce vinyl chloride. This reaction is exothermic. While high temperatures increase the reaction rate, they also cause the mercuric chloride catalyst to sublime, rendering it ineffective. Therefore, the heat generated by the reaction must be removed promptly. Proper temperature control is crucial for ensuring conversion, maintaining catalyst life, and ensuring the continued progress of the reaction.

[0003] The existing converter for vinyl chloride synthesis is a vertical shell-and-tube heat exchanger. Heat exchange tubes are installed within the converter and filled with a catalyst. A mixture of acetylene and hydrogen chloride enters one end of the tubes, where it reacts with the catalyst to produce vinyl chloride, which is then discharged from the other end. Simultaneously, a refrigerant enters the outer channel of the tubes through the shell-side inlet and exits through the shell-side outlet, cooling the tubes and dissipating the reaction heat.

[0004] However, due to the poor heat transfer performance of the catalyst, the reaction heat generated in the center of the heat exchange tube cannot be conducted to the periphery of the heat exchange tube, resulting in the temperature inside the center of the heat exchange tube being significantly higher than the periphery. The temperature distribution in the radial direction of the heat exchange tube shows an obvious gradient change. The catalyst located in the center of the heat exchange tube is deactivated at high temperature, which reduces its lifespan and affects the reaction efficiency. Repeated filling of the catalyst not only increases production but also affects normal production.

[0005] The utility model aims to solve the problem that in the process of producing vinyl chloride by the acetylene method, the center temperature of the heat exchange tube of the existing converter is high, which leads to catalyst deactivation and affects the reaction efficiency. Utility Model Content

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the utility model provides a converter, including a tank body 1 and a heat exchange tube 2. The tank body 1 is arranged vertically, and an air outlet 121 is provided at the top of the tank body 1, and an air inlet 131 is provided at the bottom. A refrigerant inlet 111 and a refrigerant outlet 112 are provided on the side wall of the tank body 1. The upper and lower parts of the tank body 1 are respectively provided with an upper tube plate 14 and a lower tube plate 15. The area above the upper tube plate 14 in the tank body 1 forms a discharge cavity 122. The area below the lower tube sheet 15 in the tank body 1 forms a feed chamber 132, and the area between the upper tube sheet 14 and the lower tube sheet 15 in the tank body 1 forms a cooling chamber 115. The heat exchange tube 2 is vertically arranged in the cooling chamber 115, and its two ends are fixedly connected to the upper tube sheet 14 and the lower tube sheet 15 respectively. The heat exchange tube 2 is connected to the feed chamber 132 and the discharge chamber 122. A hollow core tube 21 is provided in the heat exchange tube 2, and the cavity between the hollow core tube 21 and the heat exchange tube 2 is filled with a catalyst 22.

[0007] The present invention provides a hollow core tube 21 in the heat exchange tube 2, dispersing the catalyst 22 in the heat exchange tube 2 to an area near the inner wall of the heat exchange tube 2. This reduces the radial thickness of the catalyst 22 in the heat exchange tube 2, improves the heat dissipation efficiency of the catalyst 22, and evens out the temperature of the catalyst 22 at various locations within the heat exchange tube 2. This prevents the middle portion of the heat exchange tube 2 from being overheated, which could lead to deactivation of the catalyst 22 and improves reaction efficiency. This solves the problem in existing converters where the high center temperature of the heat exchange tube 2 causes deactivation of the catalyst 22, thus affecting reaction efficiency.

[0008] Preferably, the axis of the hollow core tube 21 is collinear with the axis of the heat exchange tube 2. This arrangement allows the outer periphery of the hollow core tube 21 to be at the same distance from the inner wall of the heat exchange tube 2. This allows the catalyst 22 at each location within the heat exchange tube 2 to be thin and uniform, thereby improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the catalyst 22 and ensuring a uniform temperature of the catalyst 22 at each location within the heat exchange tube 2.

[0009] Preferably, both ends of the hollow core tube 21 are sealed, and the hollow core tube 21 is the same length as the heat exchange tube 2. Sealing both ends of the hollow core tube 21 prevents the mixture of acetylene gas and hydrogen chloride gas from passing through the hollow core tube 21, thereby preventing the acetylene gas and hydrogen chloride gas from contacting the catalyst 22 to react.

[0010] Preferably, a three-jaw chuck 23 is provided inside the heat exchange tube 2, and an annular clamping platform 211 is provided on the outer wall of the hollow core tube 21. The three-jaw chuck 23 is clamped onto the clamping platform 211 of the hollow core tube 21 to secure the hollow core tube 21. By securing the hollow core tube 21 within the heat exchange tube 2 via the three-jaw chuck 23, the hollow core tube 21 can be positioned at the center of the heat exchange tube 2, with the axis of the hollow core tube 21 being collinear with the axis of the heat exchange tube 2.

[0011] Preferably, a support net 24 is provided on the top surface of the upper tube plate 14 and the bottom surface of the lower tube plate 15. The support net 24 can fix the catalyst 22 in the heat exchange tube 2 to prevent the catalyst 22 from being lost.

[0012] Preferably, a positioning grid 25 is provided on the top surface of the upper tube plate 14 and the bottom surface of the lower tube plate 15. The positioning grid 25 is located outside the support mesh 24 and is fixedly connected to the support mesh 24. The positioning grid 25 can fix the support mesh 24 to prevent damage to the support mesh 24 and leakage of the catalyst 22.

[0013] Preferably, a plurality of heat exchange tubes 2 are provided, and thermocouples are provided in some of the heat exchange tubes 2. Thermocouples can monitor the temperature inside the heat exchange tube 2, facilitate the control of the heat exchange efficiency of the refrigerant, keep the temperature inside the heat exchange tube 2 within an appropriate range, and improve the reaction efficiency.

[0014] Preferably, a support ring 16 is provided on the outer side of the middle portion of the tank body 1. The support ring 16 can support the heat exchanger during installation and use, so that the heat exchanger can be operated stably.

[0015] Preferably, an overflow port 14 is provided on the side wall of the tank body 1 .

[0016] Preferably, the support ring 16 is provided with a lifting lug 161. Providing the lifting lug 161 on the support ring 16 can facilitate the lifting of the heat exchanger. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 .Schematic diagram of the overall structure of the converter;

[0018] Figure 2 .Schematic diagram of the converter's internal structure;

[0019] Figure 3 . Figure 2 Enlarged schematic diagram of point A in the middle.

[0020] In the figure, 1. tank body, 11. cylinder, 111. refrigerant inlet, 112. refrigerant outlet, 113. overflow port, 114. overflow pipe, 115. cooling chamber, 12. upper tube box, 121. air outlet, 122. discharge chamber, 13. lower tube box, 131. air inlet, 132. feed chamber, 14. upper tube sheet, 15. lower tube sheet, 16. support ring, 161. lifting ear, 2. heat exchange tube, 21. hollow core tube, 211. chuck, 22. catalyst, 23. three-jaw chuck, 24. support net, 25. positioning grid. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0022] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the converter includes a tank body 1 and heat exchange tubes 2. The tank body 1 is composed of a circular cylinder 11, an upper tube box 12 disposed on the upper part of the cylinder 11, and a lower tube box 13 disposed on the lower part of the cylinder 11. The upper tube box 12 is provided with an air outlet 121, and the lower tube box 13 is provided with an air inlet 131.

[0023] A refrigerant inlet 111 and an overflow port 113 are provided at the lower portion of the sidewall of the cylinder 11, and a refrigerant outlet 112 is provided at the upper portion of the sidewall of the cylinder 11. The refrigerant inlet 111 and overflow port 113 are located on the left and right sides of the cylinder 11, respectively. Refrigerant enters the cooling chamber 115 through the refrigerant inlet 13 at the bottom and is discharged through the refrigerant outlet 112 at the upper portion of the cooling chamber 115. Heat is exchanged with the heat exchange tubes 2 within the cooling chamber, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchange tubes 2.

[0024] An overflow pipe 114 is provided inside the cylinder 11 . The overflow pipe 114 is L-shaped, one end of which is fixedly connected to the refrigerant outlet 112 and communicated with the interior, and the other end of which extends to near the upper tube box 12 .

[0025] A support ring 16 is provided on the outer side of the middle of the cylinder 11, and a lifting lug 161 is provided on the support ring 16. The support ring 16 can support the heat exchanger during installation and use, so that the heat exchanger can be operated stably. The lifting lug 161 is provided on the support ring 16 to facilitate the lifting of the heat exchanger.

[0026] An upper tube plate 14 is provided near the upper portion of the cylinder 11 , and a discharge cavity 122 is formed in the area between the upper tube plate 14 and the upper tube box 12 in the tank body 1 .

[0027] A lower tube plate 15 is provided near the lower part of the cylinder 11, and the area between the lower tube plate 15 and the lower tube box 13 in the tank body 1 forms a feed chamber 132, and the area between the upper tube plate 14 and the lower tube plate 15 in the tank body 1 forms a cooling chamber 115.

[0028] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the heat exchange tube 2 is a circular tube, which is vertically arranged in the cooling cavity 115, and its two ends are fixedly connected to the upper tube plate 14 and the lower tube plate 15 respectively.

[0029] There are multiple heat exchange tubes 2, some of which are equipped with thermocouples (not shown). Thermocouples can monitor the temperature inside the heat exchange tubes 2, facilitating control of the heat exchange efficiency of the refrigerant, keeping the temperature inside the heat exchange tubes 2 within an appropriate range and improving reaction efficiency.

[0030] Through holes are provided at the connection points of the upper tube plate 14 and the lower tube plate 15 with the heat exchange tube 2 , and the heat exchange tube 2 is connected with the feed cavity 132 and the discharge cavity 122 through the through holes provided on the upper tube plate 14 and the lower tube plate 15 .

[0031] A hollow core tube 21 is provided in the heat exchange tube 2 . The hollow core tube 21 is a round tube with a diameter smaller than that of the heat exchange tube 2 . A catalyst 22 is filled in the cavity between the hollow core tube 21 and the heat exchange tube 2 .

[0032] The axis of the hollow core tube 21 is collinear with the axis of the heat exchange tube 2, so that the distance between the outer periphery of the hollow core tube 21 and the inner wall of the heat exchange tube 2 is the same, making the thickness of the catalyst 22 at various locations in the heat exchange tube 2 thinner, thereby improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the catalyst 22 and making the temperature of the catalyst 22 at various locations in the heat exchange tube 2 balanced.

[0033] The hollow core tube 21 is sealed at both ends and has the same length as the heat exchange tube 2. Sealing both ends of the hollow core tube 21 prevents the mixture of acetylene gas and hydrogen chloride gas from passing through the hollow core tube 21, thereby preventing the acetylene gas and hydrogen chloride gas from contacting the catalyst 22 to react.

[0034] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, a three-jaw chuck 23 is provided inside the heat exchange tube 2, and an annular clamping platform 211 is provided on the outer wall of the hollow core tube 21. The three-jaw chuck 23 is clamped on the clamping platform 211 of the hollow core tube 21 to fix the hollow core tube 21.

[0035] By setting the hollow core tube 21 to be fixed inside the heat exchange tube 2 through the three-jaw chuck 23, the hollow core tube 21 can be located in the center of the heat exchange tube 2, and the axis of the hollow core tube 21 can be collinear with the axis of the heat exchange tube 2.

[0036] A support net 24 and a positioning grid 25 are provided on the top surface of the upper tube plate 14 and the bottom surface of the lower tube plate 15. The catalyst 22 can be fixed in the heat exchange tube 2 by the support net 24 to prevent the catalyst 22 from being lost.

[0037] Positioning grid 25 is located outside support mesh 24 and is bolted to the top surface of upper tube sheet 14 and the bottom surface of lower tube sheet 15, respectively, to secure support mesh 24. Positioning grid 25 secures support mesh 24 and prevents damage to support mesh 24 that could lead to leakage of catalyst 22.

[0038] The positioning grid 25 is located outside the support net 24, which means that the positioning grid 25 on the top surface of the upper tube plate 14 is located above the support net 24 on the top surface of the upper tube plate 14, and the positioning grid 25 on the bottom surface of the lower tube plate 15 is located below the support net 24 on the bottom surface of the lower tube plate 15.

[0039] During operation, the present invention introduces a mixed gas, obtained by mixing hydrogen chloride gas and acetylene gas in a certain proportion, into the tank body 1 through the gas inlet 131. A refrigerant enters the cooling chamber 115 through the refrigerant inlet 111. The mixed gas then enters the heat exchange tube 2. Under the action of the catalyst, the hydrogen chloride gas and the acetylene gas react to produce vinyl chloride, which is then discharged through the gas outlet 121. The heat generated by the reaction is exchanged with the refrigerant through the walls of the heat exchange tube 2. The refrigerant is then discharged through the refrigerant outlet 112.

[0040] The present invention provides a hollow core tube 21 in the heat exchange tube 2, dispersing the catalyst 22 in the heat exchange tube 2 to an area near the inner wall of the heat exchange tube 2. This reduces the thickness of the catalyst 22, improves the heat dissipation efficiency of the catalyst 22, and evens out the temperature of the catalyst 22 at various locations within the heat exchange tube 2. This prevents excessively high temperatures in the middle of the heat exchange tube 2, which could lead to uneven deactivation of the catalyst 22. This extends the service life, improves reaction efficiency, and reduces the amount of catalyst filling. This solves the problem in conventional converters where the radial temperature gradient of the heat exchange tube 2 varies significantly, resulting in deactivation of the catalyst 22 and a decrease in reaction efficiency due to high center temperatures.

[0041] The axis of the hollow core tube 21 is arranged to be collinear with the axis of the heat exchange tube 2 so that the distance between the outer periphery of the hollow core tube 21 and the inner wall of the heat exchange tube 2 is the same, and the thickness of the catalyst 22 at various locations in the heat exchange tube 2 is thinner and the thickness is the same, which can improve the heat dissipation efficiency of the catalyst 22 and balance the temperature of the catalyst 22 at various locations in the heat exchange tube 2.

[0042] It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention and that those skilled in the art will be able to design alternative embodiments without departing from the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A converter, characterized in that It comprises a tank body (1) and a heat exchange tube (2), The tank body (1) is arranged vertically, an air outlet (121) is provided on the top of the tank body (1), an air inlet (131) is provided on the bottom, a refrigerant inlet (111) and a refrigerant outlet (112) are provided on the side wall of the tank body (1), and an upper tube plate (14) and a lower tube plate (15) are provided in the upper and lower parts of the tank body (1), respectively. A discharge cavity (122) is formed in the tank body (1) in an area above the upper tube plate (14); A feed cavity (132) is formed in the area below the lower tube plate (15) in the tank body (1); A cooling chamber (115) is formed in the tank body (1) in an area between the upper tube plate (14) and the lower tube plate (15); The heat exchange tube (2) is vertically arranged in the cooling cavity (115), with both ends fixedly connected to the upper tube plate (14) and the lower tube plate (15), respectively. The heat exchange tube (2) is communicated with the feed cavity (132) and the discharge cavity (122); A hollow core tube (21) is provided in the heat exchange tube (2), and a catalyst (22) is filled in the cavity between the hollow core tube (21) and the heat exchange tube (2).

2. The converter according to claim 1, characterized in that The axis of the hollow core tube (21) is collinear with the axis of the heat exchange tube (2).

3. The converter according to claim 2, characterized in that Both ends of the hollow core tube (21) are closed; The hollow core tube (21) has the same length as the heat exchange tube (2).

4. The converter according to claim 3, characterized in that A three-jaw chuck (23) is provided inside the heat exchange tube (2). An annular clamping platform (211) is provided on the outer side wall of the hollow core tube (21), and the three-jaw chuck (23) is clamped on the clamping platform (211) of the hollow core tube (21) to fix the hollow core tube (21).

5. The converter according to claim 4, characterized in that Support nets (24) are provided on the top surface of the upper tube plate (14) and the bottom surface of the lower tube plate (15).

6. The converter according to claim 5, characterized in that Positioning grids (25) are provided on the top surface of the upper tube plate (14) and the bottom surface of the lower tube plate (15). The positioning grid (25) is located outside the support net (24) and is fixedly connected to the support net (24).

7. The converter according to claim 6, characterized in that A plurality of heat exchange tubes (2) are provided, and thermocouples are provided in some of the heat exchange tubes (2).

8. The converter according to claim 7, characterized in that A support ring (16) is provided on the outer side of the middle portion of the tank body (1).

9. The converter according to claim 8, characterized in that An overflow port (113) is provided on the side wall of the tank body (1).

10. The converter according to claim 9, characterized in that The support ring (16) is provided with a lifting lug (161).

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