Machining device for producing steel rails

Abstract

The utility model discloses a machining device for producing a steel rail. Comprising an extrusion cylinder, a mounting seat mechanism fixedly arranged at the front end of the extrusion cylinder, a steel rail forming mechanism fixedly arranged in a hollow cavity of the mounting seat mechanism, a lubricating pad inserted into the inner front end of the cavity of the extrusion cylinder, a cushion block slidably connected in the cavity of the extrusion cylinder and located behind the lubricating pad, and a push rod slidably connected in the cavity of the extrusion cylinder and located behind the cushion block. The driving mechanism is fixedly connected with the rear end of the push rod and is used for driving the push rod to linearly move in the cavity of the extrusion cylinder; and the steel rail cold-drawing die is independent of the extrusion cylinder. The steel rail forming die is reasonable in structure, high in reliability, convenient to use and high in practicability, the steel rail can be produced through one-time extrusion operation, the operation process is simple and convenient, the production cost can be effectively reduced, the integrally-formed steel rail can be produced, the integrality of the steel rail is good, the stress performance is good, and the quality of the steel rail can be effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to a processing device for producing special-shaped components made of metal materials, in particular to a processing device for producing steel rails. Background Art

[0002] Rails are the main components of railway tracks, and their main function is to guide the wheels of vehicles forward, bear the huge pressure of the wheels, and transfer this pressure to the sleepers. Existing rails are usually composed of three parts: the rail head, the rail waist and the rail bottom. Their cross-section is in the shape of an "I". This shape not only has good force resistance and saves materials, but also has the best bending resistance. The current production method of rails is usually a hot rolling process, which is to heat the steel billet to a high temperature state so that it reaches above the recrystallization temperature, and then use rolling equipment to perform multiple rolling processes on the high-temperature steel billet to plastically deform it, and finally form a rail of the desired shape and size. However, when using this hot rolling process to produce rails, the rolling process is relatively complicated, which makes the cost of producing rails higher, and the rails produced by rolling have problems with low dimensional accuracy and unstable quality, which will seriously affect the production quality of the rails. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to solve the above deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a processing device for producing rails, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing production costs and improving production quality.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the utility model is as follows: a processing device for producing steel rails, including an extrusion cylinder, a mounting seat mechanism fixedly arranged at the front end of the extrusion cylinder, a rail forming mechanism fixedly installed in the cavity of the mounting seat mechanism, a lubricating pad inserted at the front end of the extrusion cylinder cavity, a pad slidably connected to the extrusion cylinder cavity and located behind the lubricating pad, a push rod slidably connected to the extrusion cylinder cavity and located behind the pad, a driving mechanism fixedly connected to the rear end of the push rod for driving the push rod to move linearly in the extrusion cylinder cavity, and a rail cold drawing die independently arranged from the extrusion cylinder.

[0005] As defined in the present invention, the mounting mechanism includes a mold sleeve fixed to the front end of the extrusion cylinder, a mold base fixed to the outside of the mold sleeve, and a load-bearing ring fixed to the front end of the mold sleeve and the front end of the mold base. The front end of the mold sleeve and the front end of the mold base are located in the same plane.

[0006] As a further limitation of the present invention, the rail forming mechanism includes a rail forming die fixedly arranged at the rear end of the hollow cavity of the die sleeve and a rail die support fixedly arranged at the front end of the hollow cavity of the die sleeve and in contact with the front end of the rail forming die.

[0007] As a further limitation of the present invention, the rail forming die and the rail die support are fixedly connected together by a plurality of positioning pins.

[0008] As another limitation of the present invention, the rail forming die includes a forming die body, a rail forming cavity provided on the forming die body, and a plurality of rail forming die positioning holes provided on the forming die body, and the plurality of rail forming die positioning holes are evenly arranged along the circumferential direction of the forming die body.

[0009] As a further limitation of the present invention, the rail forming cavity includes a transition fillet surface inlet, a sizing belt connected to the transition fillet surface inlet, and a tapered surface outlet connected to the sizing belt.

[0010] As a further limitation of the present invention, the rail mold support includes a rail mold support body, a rail outlet provided on the rail mold support body, and a plurality of rail mold support positioning holes provided on the rail mold support body. The rail mold support positioning holes are arranged corresponding to the rail forming mold positioning holes and are fixedly connected together by corresponding positioning pins.

[0011] As a further limitation of the present invention, the rail cold drawing die includes an outer shell, a middle layer die nested in the outer shell, and a cold drawing inner die nested in the middle layer die, wherein the outer shell, the middle layer die and the cold drawing inner die are combined together by interference fit.

[0012] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0013] (1) The present invention adopts a structural form that combines an extrusion cylinder, a mounting seat mechanism, a rail forming mechanism, a lubricating pad, a pad, a push rod, a driving mechanism, and a rail cold drawing die. When using the present invention to produce rails, the heated blank is placed in the extrusion cylinder and the driving mechanism drives the push rod to move, the push rod pushes the pad to move, and the pad extrude the blank. Under the action of the lubricating pad, the front end of the blank can be conveniently extruded from the rail forming mechanism and formed into a rail. The present invention can produce rails through a single extrusion operation. Compared with the prior art method of rolling rails using multiple rolling processes, the present invention has a simple operation process and can effectively reduce production costs. In addition, the present invention can produce an integrally formed rail with good integrity and good stress-bearing performance, which can effectively improve the quality of the rail. At the same time, the rail cold drawing die of the present invention can be installed on an existing cold drawing machine processing device to cold draw the rail, which can improve the surface quality, dimensional accuracy and straightness of the rail, thereby further improving the production quality of the rail.

[0014] (2) The mounting seat mechanism in the present invention can support the rail forming mechanism and can withstand a large extrusion force, which can effectively improve the rationality and reliability of the structure of the present invention. The mounting seat mechanism adopts a structural form in which a mold sleeve, a mold base and a bearing ring are combined together. After long-term use of the present invention, after repeated extrusion force and high temperature, any component of the mounting seat mechanism that is damaged only needs to be replaced separately, which can effectively reduce the maintenance cost and use cost of the present invention.

[0015] (3) The rail forming mechanism of the present invention adopts a structural form that combines a rail forming die and a rail die support, wherein the rail forming die can form the blank into a rail, the rail die support can withstand the extrusion force, and the rail forming die and the rail die support are fixedly connected by a plurality of positioning pins, which can make the rail forming die and the rail die support more firmly connected together, and can further improve the rationality and reliability of the structure of the present invention.

[0016] (4) The rail forming cavity of the utility model is composed of a rounded corner inlet, a sizing belt and a tapered outlet, which can facilitate the entry, forming and extrusion of the blank, and can effectively improve the rationality and practicality of the utility model.

[0017] (5) The rail cold drawing die in the present invention adopts a structure in which an outer shell, a middle layer die and a cold drawing inner die are nested together in multiple levels. When a component in the rail cold drawing die is damaged, only the damaged component needs to be replaced separately, which can further effectively reduce the maintenance cost and use cost of the present invention.

[0018] In summary, the present invention has a reasonable structure, high reliability, ease of use, and strong practicality. In actual rail production, the rail can be produced through a single extrusion operation. Compared to the prior art method of rolling rails using multiple rolling processes, the present invention simplifies the operation process and can effectively reduce production costs. Furthermore, the present invention can produce an integrally formed rail with good integrity and stress-bearing performance, effectively improving the quality of the rail. The present invention is suitable for use in rail production. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the mold sleeve in the embodiment of the present utility model;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a front view of the structural relationship of the rail forming die in the embodiment of the present utility model;

[0023] Figure 4 for Figure 3 AA cross-section of

[0024] Figure 5 This is a front view of the structural relationship of the rail formwork in the embodiment of the present utility model;

[0025] Figure 6 for Figure 5 BB cross-section diagram;

[0026] Figure 7 This is a front view of the structural relationship of the rail cold drawing die in the embodiment of the utility model;

[0027] Figure 8 for Figure 7 CC cross-section diagram;

[0028] Figure 9 This is a schematic structural diagram of the blank in the embodiment of the utility model;

[0029] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the use state of an embodiment of the utility model;

[0030] Figure 11 This is a schematic structural diagram of the rail in the embodiment of the present utility model;

[0031] In the figure: 1. Extrusion cylinder; 2. Die sleeve; 3. Die base; 4. Load-bearing ring;

[0032] 5. Rail forming die; 51. Forming die body; 52. Rail forming cavity; 53. Rail forming die positioning hole; 521. Transition fillet inlet; 522. Sizing strip; 523. Conical outlet;

[0033] 6. Rail formwork; 61. Rail formwork body; 62. Rail outlet; 63. Rail formwork positioning hole;

[0034] 7. Lubrication pad; 8. Pad; 9. Push rod; 10. Driving mechanism;

[0035] 11. Rail cold drawing die; 111. Outer shell; 112. Middle layer die; 113. Cold drawing inner die; 114. Cold drawing cavity; 1141. Cold drawing entrance; 1142. Regularized strip; 1143. Cold drawing exit;

[0036] 12. Billet; 121. Stainless steel billet body; 122. Carbon steel head pad; 123. Carbon steel tail pad;

[0037] 13. Rails. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and understand the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0039] Embodiment A processing device for producing rails

[0040] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment includes an extrusion barrel 1, a mounting seat mechanism fixedly mounted at the front end of the extrusion barrel 1, a rail forming mechanism fixedly mounted in the cavity of the mounting seat mechanism, a lubricating pad 7 inserted into the front end of the cavity of the extrusion barrel 1, a pad 8 slidably connected to the cavity of the extrusion barrel 1 and located behind the lubricating pad 7, a push rod 9 slidably connected to the cavity of the extrusion barrel 1 and located behind the pad 8, a driving mechanism 10 fixedly connected to the rear end of the push rod 9 for driving the push rod 9 to move linearly within the cavity of the extrusion barrel 1, and a rail cold drawing die 1211 independently provided with the extrusion barrel 1. The extrusion barrel 1 is a cylindrical structure with a circular cavity, the lubricating pad 7 is made of glass powder material, the driving mechanism 10 can move linearly both forward and backward. In this embodiment, the driving mechanism 10 uses a hydraulic press, the power output end of which is fixedly connected to the rear end of the push rod 9. It should be noted that the cold drawing die is compatible with existing cold drawing machines and needs to be used in conjunction with existing cold drawing machines.

[0041] The mounting mechanism includes a die sleeve 2 fixed to the front end of the extrusion barrel 1, a die base 3 fixed to the outside of the die sleeve 2, and a bearing ring 4 fixed to the front ends of the die sleeve 2 and the die base 3. The front ends of the die sleeve 2 and the die base 3 are located in the same plane. Specifically, in this embodiment, the tapered surface at the rear end of the die sleeve 2 is adapted to the tapered surface at the front end of the extrusion barrel 1 so that the tapered surfaces at the rear end of the die sleeve 2 and the front end of the extrusion barrel 1 are closely aligned. The tapered angle β' at the location where the rail forming die 5 is mounted within the inner cavity of the die sleeve 2 is 24±0.5°.

[0042] The rail forming mechanism includes a rail forming die 5 fixedly mounted at the rear end of the cavity in the die sleeve 2, and a rail die support 6 fixedly mounted at the front end of the cavity in the die sleeve 2 and in contact with the front end of the rail forming die 5. The rail forming die 5 and the rail die support 6 are fixedly connected together by a plurality of positioning pins. Specifically, in this embodiment, the rail forming die 5 includes a forming die body 51, a rail forming cavity 52 provided on the forming die body 51, and a plurality of rail forming die positioning holes 53 provided on the forming die body 51. The plurality of rail forming die positioning holes 53 are evenly arranged along the circumference of the forming die body 51. The forming die body 51 includes a cylindrical member and a conical member fixedly mounted at the rear end of the cylindrical structure. The thickness L2 of the cylindrical member in the forming die body 51 is 11 mm to 15 mm, and the overall thickness L3 of the forming die body 51 is 35 mm to 50 mm. The conical angle β of the conical member is the same as β'. In this embodiment, four rail forming die positioning holes 53 are provided. These are circular holes with a diameter of 15 mm and a depth of 10 mm. The rail forming cavity 52 includes a transition fillet inlet 521, a sizing band 522 communicating with the transition fillet inlet 521, and a tapered outlet 523 communicating with the sizing band 522. Specifically, the fillet radius of the transition fillet inlet 521 is 13 mm to 15 mm, and the length of the sizing band 522 is 10 mm to 13 mm. The rail mold support 6 includes a rail mold support body 61, a rail outlet 62 provided on the rail mold support body 61, and a plurality of rail mold support positioning holes 63 provided on the rail mold support body 61. The rail mold support positioning holes 63 are arranged corresponding to the rail forming mold positioning holes 53 and are fixedly connected together by corresponding positioning pins. The shape of the rail outlet 62 is the same as the shape of the rail forming cavity 52. ​​The shape of the rail outlet 62 is arranged corresponding to the rail forming cavity 52. ​​The size of the rail outlet 62 is 10mm to 20mm larger than the size of the rail forming cavity 52. ​​In this embodiment, a total of four rail mold support positioning holes 63 are arranged. The shape and size of the rail mold support positioning holes 63 are the same as the shape and size of the rail forming mold positioning holes 53.

[0043] The rail cold drawing die 1211 includes a shell 111, a middle layer die 112 nested in the shell 111, and a cold drawing inner die 113 nested in the middle layer die 112, wherein the shell 111, the middle layer die 112 and the cold drawing inner die 113 are combined together by interference fit to form a cold drawing cavity 114 for cold drawing the rail, and the cold drawing cavity 114 includes a tapered cold drawing inlet 1141, a cylindrical regular belt 1142 connected to the cold drawing inlet 1141, and a cylindrical regular belt 1142 connected to the regular belt 1142. A conical cold drawing outlet 1143 is provided, wherein the inlet cone angle γ1 of the cold drawing inlet 1141 is 22±0.5°, the length L4 of the regular belt 1142 is 8mm~15mm, the outlet cone angle γ2 of the cold drawing outlet 1143 is 60±0.5°, the outer contour of the cold drawing inner mold 113 is a cylindrical surface, the outer contours of the middle layer mold 112 and the outer shell 111 are both conical surfaces, and the cone angle γ3 of the outer cone surface of the middle layer mold 112 is equal to the cone angle γ4 of the outer cone surface of the outer shell 111, both of which are 12°.

[0044] The structure of the blank 12 required for producing the rail in this embodiment is shown in the figure. The blank 12 includes a carbon steel head pad 122, a stainless steel blank body 121 fixed to the rear end of the carbon steel head pad 122, and a carbon steel tail pad 123 fixed to the rear end of the stainless steel blank body 121. The carbon steel head pad 122 includes a conical carbon steel component and a cylindrical carbon steel component fixed to the rear end of the conical carbon steel component. The cone angle α of the conical carbon steel component is 90°~100°, the length L1 of the cylindrical carbon steel component is 40mm~80mm, the stainless steel billet body 121 is a cylindrical component, and the carbon steel tail pad 123 is a hollow cylindrical component. The length of the hollow cylindrical component is 80mm~120mm, and the diameter of the cavity in the hollow cylindrical component is 50mm~65mm. It should be noted that the function of the carbon steel head pad 122 is to reduce the extrusion pressure during the forming of the rail, and the function of the carbon steel tail pad 123 is to extrude and form the entire billet 12, improve the utilization rate of the billet 12 and avoid the tail shrinkage problem.

[0045] When using this embodiment, the blank 12 is heated to 1190°C to 1250°C, and then the surface of the blank 12 is evenly coated with glass powder lubricant and placed in the extrusion barrel 1. The drive mechanism 10 is turned on so that the power output end of the drive mechanism 10 pushes the push rod 9, and the push rod 9 pushes the pad 8 to extrude the blank 12. Under the action of the glass powder lubricant on the surface and the lubricating pad 7, the blank 12 can be easily extruded from the rail forming mechanism and formed into a rail 13, thus completing the extrusion molding of the rail 13. The rail 13 is cooled to a temperature suitable for cold drawing, and then the rail cold drawing die 1211 is installed on the existing cold drawing machine. Finally, one end of the cooled rail 13 is placed in the cold drawing cavity 114 of the rail cold drawing die 1211. The existing clamp is used to clamp one end of the rail 13 and pull the rail 13 through the cold drawing cavity 114. At this time, the dimensional accuracy and surface quality of the rail 13 can be significantly improved.

[0046] It should be noted that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art may still modify the technical solutions described in the above embodiments or replace some of the technical features therein with equivalents. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A processing device for producing rails, characterized in that: It includes an extrusion cylinder, a mounting seat mechanism fixed to the front end of the extrusion cylinder, a rail forming mechanism fixed in the cavity of the mounting seat mechanism, a lubricating pad inserted at the front end of the extrusion cylinder cavity, a pad slidably connected to the extrusion cylinder cavity and located behind the lubricating pad, a push rod slidably connected to the extrusion cylinder cavity and located behind the pad, a driving mechanism fixedly connected to the rear end of the push rod for driving the push rod to move linearly in the extrusion cylinder cavity, and a rail cold drawing die independently arranged from the extrusion cylinder.

2. A processing device for producing rails according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting mechanism includes a mold sleeve fixed to the front end of the extrusion cylinder, a mold base fixed to the outside of the mold sleeve, and a bearing ring fixed to the front ends of the mold sleeve and the mold base. The front ends of the mold sleeve and the mold base are located in the same plane.

3. A processing device for producing rails according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rail forming mechanism comprises a rail forming die fixedly arranged at the rear end of the hollow cavity of the die sleeve and a rail die support fixedly arranged at the front end of the hollow cavity of the die sleeve and fitted with the front end of the rail forming die.

4. A processing device for producing rails according to claim 3, characterized in that: The rail forming die and the rail die support are fixedly connected together by a plurality of positioning pins.

5. The processing device for producing rails according to claim 4, characterized in that: The rail forming die comprises a forming die body, a rail forming cavity provided on the forming die body, and a plurality of rail forming die positioning holes provided on the forming die body. The plurality of rail forming die positioning holes are evenly arranged along the circumferential direction of the forming die body.

6. The processing device for producing rails according to claim 5, characterized in that: The rail forming cavity comprises a transition fillet surface inlet, a sizing belt connected to the transition fillet surface inlet, and a tapered surface outlet connected to the sizing belt.

7. The processing device for producing rails according to claim 6, characterized in that: The rail mold support includes a rail mold support body, a rail outlet provided on the rail mold support body, and a plurality of rail mold support positioning holes provided on the rail mold support body. The rail mold support positioning holes are correspondingly arranged with the rail forming mold positioning holes and are fixedly connected together by corresponding positioning pins.

8. The processing device for producing rails according to claim 7, characterized in that: The rail cold drawing die comprises an outer shell, a middle layer die nested in the outer shell, and a cold drawing inner die nested in the middle layer die, wherein the outer shell, the middle layer die and the cold drawing inner die are combined together by interference fit.

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