Overall positioning and assembling tool for shell external part

Abstract

The utility model discloses an integral positioning and assembling tool for shell external parts, and designs an integral assembling and positioning tool which is in bilateral symmetry aiming at external parts which are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of a shell, are consistent in size and are in bilateral symmetry along a center line. According to the tool, axial positioning of the external part is achieved through the edges on the two sides of the tool, the dimensional tolerance of the external part and convenience of welding operation are guaranteed, the tool is convenient to disassemble, and rapid assembly and positioning welding of the external part of the metal shell of the pressure vessel are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of pressure vessel manufacturing, and in particular relates to an integral positioning and assembly tool for shell outer components. Background Art

[0002] The outer circumference of a cylindrical pressure vessel shell is covered with numerous and diverse external components, primarily serving to secure other functional covers and parts, and assist in overall positioning. Cylindrical pressure vessel shells are rotating bodies, and due to production costs and product performance considerations, conventional techniques generally employ lathing or spin forming. Therefore, welding is the primary method for securing external components. During welding, the position of the external components on the shell must meet various radial and axial dimensional requirements, with precision requirements reaching 0.2mm. Multiple external components also require a chain of interdependent dimensional relationships, placing high demands on the operator's skill level. The current general production process for external component welding is: manual marking—line assembly—tacking—inspection—welding. The main difficulties lie in the marking, assembly, and tacking processes, collectively referred to as external component assembly. The primary purpose of marking is to establish a reference datum for external component welding, ensuring that the entire row of external components is parallel to the shell axis. Therefore, it is necessary to mark the center position line, edge reference line, and axial position line according to dimensional requirements. When installing external parts, refer to the marked lines to determine the approximate position, and then take into account the axial size of the external parts. Use calipers to measure and install them. Sometimes repeated adjustments are required to meet the requirements, which reduces production efficiency and has an adverse impact on product quality.

[0003] When the external components are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction, the design of the assembly tooling must not only consider the axial and radial dimensions of the external components, but also consider that the tooling must be easy to disassemble after the external components are tack-welded. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a tool for overall positioning and assembly of the outer parts of the shell. For the outer parts that are evenly distributed along the circumference of the shell and are symmetrical along the center line, a left-right symmetrical overall assembly and positioning tool is designed. The symmetry center of the tool is aligned with the line on the shell, and the axial positioning of the outer parts is achieved by relying on the edges on both sides of the tool, thereby ensuring the dimensional tolerance of the outer parts and the convenience of welding operations. The tool is easy to disassemble, thereby realizing the rapid assembly and positioning welding of the outer parts of the metal shell of the pressure vessel.

[0005] The technical solutions adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems are as follows:

[0006] A tool for integrally positioning and assembling outer components of a housing, comprising a main body plate, a positioning block and positioning screws;

[0007] The inner profile of the main body plate is an arc shape, and the diameter of the arc is consistent with the outer diameter of the shell;

[0008] The surface of the main body plate is evenly distributed along the axial direction with a plurality of positioning grooves symmetrical along the midline;

[0009] One end of the main body plate is provided with a bayonet for engaging with the skirt of the shell;

[0010] The main body plate is provided with a plurality of threaded holes evenly distributed on one end of the bayonet, and the main body plate is constrained to the surface of the shell with the positioning screws; the other end of the main body plate is constrained and fixed to the main body plate by the positioning screws, completing the constraint, fixation and disassembly of the relative position of the positioning assembly tooling and the shell.

[0011] Preferably, the depth of the positioning groove is 1.5 mm.

[0012] Preferably, there are 20 positioning grooves in total.

[0013] Preferably, the inner side surface of the positioning groove serves as a reference surface for the assembly position of the outer component.

[0014] Preferably, the main body plate, positioning block and positioning screw are all made of quenched and tempered 45 steel.

[0015] Preferably, the positioning block is connected and fixed to the main plate using M5 positioning screws.

[0016] Preferably, the main body plate is provided with two threaded holes evenly distributed on one end of the bayonet, and the main body plate is constrained on the surface of the shell with two positioning screws.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0018] Through experiments and verification, the present invention is used to assemble and position the external parts of the shell, and the tooling detection accuracy meets the process requirements. From the field use situation, the positioning grooves on the edge of the tooling are used to install the external parts, which simplifies the manual marking process, realizes the direct positioning and welding of the external parts, ensures the axial and radial assembly dimensions of the external parts, and realizes the improvement from assembling the external parts one by one to assembling them as a whole. While improving the assembly efficiency, it effectively ensures its left-right symmetry about the center line. At the same time, the overall positioning assembly tooling is used to replace the caliper measurement to realize the assembly of the external parts. The spacing size of the external parts after installation is measured with a caliper. The size deviation of multiple groups of external parts assembled with the same tooling is within 0.1mm, which can meet the accuracy requirements. Using this tooling, the risk of misassembly and error is almost zero, and the production efficiency is increased by nearly 12 times, which effectively improves the production efficiency and assembly quality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is the front view of the tooling of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 It is a top view of the tooling of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 It is the right side view of the tooling of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 for Figure 2 Sectional view of the AA plane.

[0023] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of the positioning block of the present invention, (a) left view, (b) top view.

[0024] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the pressure vessel shell and external components after the tooling of the present invention is adopted.

[0025] In the figure: 1. Main plate; 2. Positioning block; 3. Positioning screw. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

[0027] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, when the external components are evenly distributed along the circumference, the design of the assembly tooling must not only consider the axial and radial dimensions of the external components, but also the ease of disassembly of the tooling after tack welding of the external components. The present invention designs a bilaterally symmetrical, integrated assembly and positioning tooling for external components that are evenly distributed along the circumference of the shell and have uniform dimensions and are bilaterally symmetrical along the centerline. The tooling's center of symmetry is aligned with a line on the shell, and the external components are positioned axially by the edges of the tooling, ensuring the dimensional tolerances of the external components and the convenience of the welding operation. The tooling is also easy to disassemble, enabling rapid assembly and tack welding of the external components of the metal shell of the pressure vessel.

[0028] The present invention comprises a main plate 1, positioning blocks 2, and positioning screws 3. The housing is aligned with the main plate 1 along a reference line. The arc diameter of the inner profile of the main plate 1 matches the outer diameter of the housing; the inner profile of the main plate 1 fits securely against the outer surface of the pressure vessel housing without slipping. After the main plate 1 is mounted, the positioning blocks 2 and positioning screws 3 are used to position the entire tooling on the housing.

[0029] According to the axial and radial position dimensions of the external component, positioning grooves are evenly distributed along the axial direction at the corresponding positions on the surface of the main plate 1, symmetrically along the center line. The groove depth is 1.5mm, and there are 20 of them in total. Their shape and size have three requirements: (1) to enable the external component to be quickly and accurately positioned and assembled; (2) to leave enough space for the positioning welding of the welding gun; and (3) to facilitate the rapid disassembly of the tooling after the positioning welding of the external component. During the assembly process, the positioning grooves are aligned with the markings on the shell surface, facilitating the rapid assembly, positioning and disassembly of the positioning claw external component. The inner surface of the positioning groove serves as the reference surface for the assembly position of the external component, used to ensure the axial dimensions of the external component. Two threaded holes are evenly distributed on the end of the main plate 1 with a bayonet, and two positioning screws 3 are used to constrain the main plate 1 on the shell surface; at the other end of the main plate 1, the positioning block is constrained and fixed to the main plate 1 using the positioning screw 3, completing the constraint, fixation and disassembly of the relative position of the tooling and the shell.

[0030] The materials of the main plate 1, the positioning block 2 and the positioning screw 3 are all quenched and tempered 45 steel. The positioning block 2 is connected and fixed to the main plate 1 using the M5 screw positioning screw 3.

[0031] Example:

[0032] The specific process of the overall positioning and assembly of the tooling of the present invention is:

[0033] Step 1: Draw multiple center reference lines along the axial direction on the shell surface;

[0034] Align the snap-fit ​​of the overall external component positioning assembly tool with the corresponding edge of the shell skirt, so that the main plate 1 fits the outer surface of the shell as a whole, align the positioning groove of the main plate 1 with the center reference line of the shell surface, and fix the main plate 1 to the outer surface of the shell with the positioning screws 3, and ensure that there is no sliding between the positioning assembly tool and the shell.

[0035] Step 2: After the inner surface of the fixture aligns with the end face of the housing, install the positioning block 2 on the end of the main plate 1 away from the bayonet, and secure the fixture to the housing using the positioning screws 3. Place the outer component on the housing, positioning it against the inner side of the positioning groove of the main plate 1. The spacing between the positioning grooves is the required axial assembly dimension. To adjust the axial direction of the outer component, simply push it until it is flush with the side of the fixture.

[0036] Step 3: After the two right-angled sides of the outer component are completely fitted with the two sides of the tooling positioning groove, perform positioning welding according to the process requirements.

[0037] Step 4: After positioning welding, remove the positioning block 2 and positioning screw 3, fit the external component to the tooling, move the tooling axially to remove the external component, and pass the external component through the slot on the end face of the tooling, thereby achieving rapid assembly and positioning welding of the external component.

Claims

1. A tool for integral positioning and assembly of outer parts of a housing, characterized in that: Including main body plate, positioning block and positioning screws; The inner profile of the main body plate is an arc shape, and the diameter of the arc is consistent with the outer diameter of the shell; The surface of the main body plate is evenly distributed along the axial direction with a plurality of positioning grooves symmetrical along the midline; One end of the main body plate is provided with a bayonet for engaging with the skirt of the shell; The main body plate is provided with a plurality of threaded holes evenly distributed on one end of the bayonet, and the main body plate is constrained to the surface of the shell with the positioning screws; the other end of the main body plate is constrained and fixed to the main body plate by the positioning screws, completing the constraint, fixation and disassembly of the relative position of the positioning assembly tooling and the shell.

2. A housing outer component integral positioning and assembly tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The depth of the positioning groove is 1.5 mm.

3. The tool for integrally positioning and assembling the outer components of a housing according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are 20 positioning grooves in total.

4. The tool for integrally positioning and assembling the outer components of a housing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner side surface of the positioning groove serves as a reference surface for the assembly position of the outer component.

5. The tool for integrally positioning and assembling the outer components of a housing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main body plate, positioning block and positioning screw are all made of quenched and tempered 45 steel.

6. The tool for integrally positioning and assembling the outer components of a housing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positioning block is connected and fixed to the main plate using M5 positioning screws.

7. The tool for integrally positioning and assembling the outer components of a housing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main body plate is provided with two threaded holes evenly distributed on one end of the bayonet, and the main body plate is constrained on the surface of the shell with two positioning screws.

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