Anti-freezing step construction node in cold region
By adopting a multi-layer structure and a suitable material combination in step construction, the problems of frost heave and settlement in step construction in cold areas are solved, and an efficient anti-freezing effect is achieved. It is suitable for civil engineering projects in cold areas.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202421318860.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-06-11
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-03
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-06-11
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies fail to effectively address the frost heave problem of collapsible loess foundations during step construction in cold regions, resulting in quality defects such as frost heave and settlement. The atlas practices cannot cover all construction needs in cold regions.
The antifreeze step construction node adopts a multi-layer structure, including the first backfill soil layer, antifreeze cushion layer, slope adjustment cushion layer, isolation layer, bonding layer and surface layer. The antifreeze performance of the steps is improved by selecting appropriate materials and construction techniques, specifically including the use of 28 ash soil, 37 ash soil, C20-C30 concrete, polyethylene film and dry hard cement mortar, combined with appropriate compaction and tamping technology.
It effectively eliminates quality defects such as frost heave and settlement of steps, improves the feasibility and safety of construction, and is suitable for civil engineering construction in large cold areas.
Smart Images
Figure CN223410409U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of building construction, and more specifically, to an anti-freezing step construction node in cold areas. Background Art
[0002] In the 12J1 Atlas "Engineering Materials and Practices," the first item on the instructions for diversion, steps, and ramps states that none of these practices consider the treatment of collapsible loess foundations or the requirements for preventing frost heave.
[0003] All step nodes (nodes 1 to 8) on page 103 of the 12J9-1 Atlas "Outdoor Engineering", Note 1. If an anti-frost heave layer is installed under the steps, the method is: 300 thick medium-coarse sand.
[0004] The above-mentioned traditional construction still has the following drawbacks: different cold regions correspond to different standard freezing depths of the sites, and the atlas approach obviously cannot cover all construction in cold regions, which can easily lead to quality defects such as frost heave and settlement of steps; the project engineering department needs to conduct a technical review and the design institute will handle it separately according to relevant specifications.
[0005] Therefore, a construction node for antifreeze steps in cold areas is proposed. Utility Model Content
[0006] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the utility model provides an anti-freezing step construction node in cold areas to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.
[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a construction node for antifreeze steps in cold regions, comprising a first component, a second component disposed on the top of the first component, a third component disposed on the top of the second component, a fourth component disposed on the top of the third component, a fifth component paved on the top of the fourth component, a bonding layer disposed on the top of the fifth component, a brick step disposed on the top of the third component and one side of the stacked fourth and fifth components and the bonding layer, and a seventh component disposed on the brick step and the top of the bonding layer;
[0008] The component one is the first backfill soil layer, the component two is the antifreeze cushion layer, the component three is the second backfill soil layer, the component four is the slope adjustment cushion layer, the component five is the isolation layer, the component six is the bonding layer, and the component seven is the surface layer.
[0009] Preferably, the first backfill soil layer is made of one of 28 ash soil and 37 ash soil, and the width of the first backfill soil layer is a+b+c.
[0010] Preferably, the antifreeze cushion layer adopts a concrete foundation plate with a width of a+b and a thickness of 100mm to 300mm, the concrete strength adopts one of C20, C25, C30, and C25 fine stone, and is equipped with a steel mesh inside.
[0011] Preferably, the second backfill soil layer is made of one of plain soil, 28 ash soil and 37 ash soil, and the second backfill soil layer is compacted layer by layer, with a compaction coefficient ≥0.94.
[0012] Preferably, the slope cushion layer is a concrete cushion layer with a thickness of 50mm to 200mm, the concrete strength adopts one of C20, C25, C30, and C25 fine stone, and the slope is 2% to 5%.
[0013] Preferably, the isolation layer is a 0.4 mm thick polyethylene film.
[0014] Preferably, the bonding layer is a 30mm thick 1:4 dry hard cement mortar bonding layer.
[0015] Preferably, the surface layer is one of 40mm thick granite, 140mm thick granite strips, 60mm thick precast concrete blocks, and 60mm thick precast reinforced concrete slabs, and has an outward slope of 1%.
[0016] Beneficial effects of the utility model:
[0017] This utility model is expanded based on civil engineering professional knowledge. The physical mechanics and geotechnical mechanics of the construction nodes of the anti-freeze step construction nodes in cold areas are easy to understand. It is safe, applicable, economical and reasonable, and easy to operate. It includes 7 components and is widely used in outdoor engineering construction in civil engineering projects in cold areas. The node can eliminate quality defects such as frost heave and settlement of the steps, has high construction feasibility, and is convenient for large-area step construction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the utility model.
[0019] Figure numerals: 1, component one; 2, component two; 3, component three; 4, component four; 5, component five; 6, component six; 7, component seven. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0020] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0021] As attached Figure 1The illustrated embodiment of a cold region antifreeze step construction node includes a component 1, a component 2 2 being provided on the top of the component 1, a component 3 3 being provided on the top of the component 2 2, a component 4 4 being provided on the top of the component 3 3, a component 5 5 being laid on the top of the component 4 4, a bonding layer 6 being provided on the top of the component 5 5, a brick step being provided on the top of the component 3 3 and on one side of the stacked components 4 4, 5, and bonding layer 6, and a component 7 7 being provided on top of the brick step and bonding layer 6;
[0022] The component 1 is the first backfill layer, the component 2 is the antifreeze cushion layer, the component 3 is the second backfill layer, the component 4 is the slope cushion layer, the component 5 is the isolation layer, the component 6 is the bonding layer, and the component 7 is the surface layer.
[0023] Component 1: Backfill soil 1, which can be 28% lime soil or 37% lime soil. The backfill soil has a width of a+b+c and a height from the top of the foundation pit to (outdoor project elevation - site standard freezing depth H), which is determined according to the outdoor project elevation; the end is sloped at 45 degrees; the quality of backfill compaction is related to many factors, among which the main influencing factors are: compaction work, soil moisture content and thickness of each layer of soil.
[0024] ① Before the construction of this process, a compaction test should be carried out to determine the maximum dry weight and the optimum moisture content; during construction, the difference between the moisture content of the soil and the optimum moisture content can be controlled within the range of -4% to 2%.
[0025] ② Layered compaction, mechanical compaction or compaction with a rammer. In actual construction, for different soils, a reasonable number of compaction passes should be selected based on the selected compaction machinery and density requirements; using a light roller first and then a heavy roller for compaction will achieve better results.
[0026] ③The optimal soil laying thickness should be able to compact the soil while minimizing the power consumption of the machinery.
[0027] After construction, component 1 should meet certain density and moisture content requirements; the density requirement is generally determined by the designer based on the nature of the engineering structure, usage requirements and soil properties. The density of the steps is generally ≥0.94.
[0028] The compaction coefficient (compaction degree) λc is the ratio of the controlled dry weight Pd of the soil to the maximum dry weight Pdmax of the soil, that is,
[0029] λc= Pd / Pdmax
[0030] pd can be measured using the "ring knife method" or the sand (or water) injection method, while Pdmax is determined using a compaction test. Standard compaction test methods are divided into light and heavy-duty methods. These differ in the drop weight and number of strikes, meaning the unit compaction work applied to the specimen differs. For the same compaction degree, the heavy-duty method requires higher compaction requirements than the light-duty method. For outdoor step construction, the heavy-duty method is generally used for subgrade compaction.
[0031] a: Architecture Figure 1 Layer step width + number of steps * step width; the step width is generally 300mm, please refer to the design for details.
[0032] b: Width of component 2, b=a+100mm~300mm.
[0033] c: The width of component 2 below component 1 is generally 500mm~1000mm.
[0034] Component 2: Antifreeze cushion layer, concrete foundation plate 100mm~300mm thick, width = a+b; concrete strength can be C20, C25, C30, C25 fine stone; internal steel mesh, generally steel mesh is selected from ∅6~∅16, steel types HPB300, HRB400, steel mesh spacing 50×50, 100×100, 150×150, 200×200; steel mesh protective layer is 25mm~50mm (according to structural design instructions or corresponding structural specifications); Component 2 is constructed on the upper part of Component 1; the thickness of Component 2, concrete strength, and steel mesh should be determined jointly by the engineer.
[0035] Component 3: Backfill soil 2, plain soil, 28 ash soil or 37 ash soil; the backfill soil is compacted in layers, and the compaction coefficient is ≥0.94; Component 33 should be constructed after the construction of Component 22 reaches initial setting and should be backfilled after the brick steps.
[0036] ① Before the construction of this process, a compaction test should be carried out to determine the maximum dry weight and the optimum moisture content; during construction, the difference between the moisture content of the soil and the optimum moisture content can be controlled within the range of -4% to 2%.
[0037] ② Layered compaction, mechanical compaction or compaction with a rammer. In actual construction, for different soils, a reasonable number of compaction passes should be selected based on the selected compaction machinery and density requirements; using a light roller first and then a heavy roller for compaction will achieve better results.
[0038] ③The optimal soil laying thickness should be able to compact the soil while minimizing the power consumption of the machinery.
[0039] After construction, component 1 should meet certain density and moisture content requirements; the density requirement is generally determined by the designer based on the nature of the engineering structure, usage requirements and soil properties. The density of the steps is generally ≥0.94.
[0040] The compaction coefficient (compaction degree) λc is the ratio of the controlled dry weight Pd of the soil to the maximum dry weight Pdmax of the soil, that is,
[0041] λc= Pd / Pdmax
[0042] pd can be measured using the "ring knife method" or the sand (or water) injection method, while Pdmax is determined using a compaction test. Standard compaction test methods include light-duty and heavy-duty methods, which differ in the drop weight and number of strikes, meaning the unit compaction work applied to the specimen. In outdoor step construction, this process generally requires the light-duty method for subgrade compaction.
[0043] Component 4: Slope cushion, concrete cushion, thickness 50mm~200mm; concrete strength can adopt C20, C25, C30, C25 fine stone; slope 2%~5%; construction adopts hanging formwork construction technology; component 44 retains standard curing test blocks and test blocks under the same conditions; the concrete strength and thickness of component 44 should be determined jointly by engineers.
[0044] Component 5: Isolation layer, using a layer of 0.4mm thick polyethylene film or other commonly used isolation layers; other isolation layers include 10mm thick clay mortar, lime paste: sand: clay = 1:2.4:3.6; other isolation layers include 0mm thick lime mortar, lime paste: sand = 1:45mm thick fiber-added lime mortar; other isolation layers include a layer of petroleum asphalt membrane; other isolation layers include 200g / m² polyester non-woven fabric; other isolation layers include 3mm thick foamed polyethylene film.
[0045] The concrete test block strength of component 5 should be ≥75% of the standard design value of concrete strength under the same conditions as component 4.
[0046] Component six 6: bonding layer, generally use 30mm thick 1:4 dry hard cement mortar bonding layer or plain cement (with building glue mixed in) followed by 20mm thick 1:4 dry hard cement mortar bonding layer and sprinkle plain cement on it; component four 4 retains standard curing test block.
[0047] Component 7, surface layer, the surface layer can be made of 40mm thick granite, 140mm thick granite strips, 60mm thick precast concrete blocks, 60mm thick precast reinforced concrete slabs; the outward slope is 1%;
[0048] Component 7 can be made of 40mm thick granite treads and kick panels (slab length 1500mm), with antifouling agent fully applied on the front, back and surrounding areas, and thin cement slurry (or colored cement slurry) is poured to wipe the joints;
[0049] Component 7 can be made of 140mm thick granite strips (150mm long), with antifouling agent fully applied on the front, back and surrounding areas, and thin cement filling the joints;
[0050] Component 7 can adopt 60mm thick prefabricated reinforced concrete slab (with 1000mm long internally and ∅6@200 bidirectional);
[0051] After the construction of component 7, protective measures for the finished product shall be taken.
[0052] A construction node for anti-freezing steps in cold regions comprises seven components and is widely used in outdoor construction in civil engineering projects in cold regions. The node can eliminate quality defects such as frost heave and settlement of steps, has high construction feasibility, and is convenient for large-area step construction.
[0053] The advantages of the utility model are: based on the expansion of civil engineering professional knowledge, the physical mechanics and geomechanics of the construction nodes of the patent are easy to understand, safe and applicable, economical and reasonable, and easy to operate.
[0054] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A construction node for antifreeze steps in cold regions, comprising a component 1 (1), characterized in that: The top of the component one (1) is provided with a component two (2), the top of the component two (2) is provided with a component three (3), the top of the component three (3) is provided with a component four (4), the top of the component four (4) is paved with a component five (5), the top of the component five (5) is provided with a bonding layer, the top of the component three (3) and one side of the stacked components four (4), component five (5) and the bonding layer are provided with a brick step, and the brick step and the top of the bonding layer are provided with a component seven (7); The component one (1) is the first backfill soil layer, the component two (2) is the antifreeze cushion layer, the component three (3) is the second backfill soil layer, the component four (4) is the slope cushion layer, the component five (5) is the isolation layer, the component six (6) is the bonding layer, and the component seven (7) is the surface layer.
2. The antifreeze step construction node in cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first backfill soil layer is made of one of 28 ash soil and 37 ash soil, and the width of the first backfill soil layer is a+b+c.
3. The antifreeze step construction node in cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The antifreeze cushion layer adopts a concrete foundation plate with a width of a+b and a thickness of 100mm to 300mm. The concrete strength adopts one of C20, C25, C30, and C25 fine stones, and is equipped with a steel mesh.
4. The antifreeze step construction node in cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second backfill soil layer is made of one of plain soil, 28 ash soil and 37 ash soil, and the second backfill soil layer is compacted layer by layer, and the compaction coefficient is ≥0.
94.
5. The antifreeze step construction node in cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slope cushion layer is a concrete cushion layer with a thickness of 50mm to 200mm. The concrete strength adopts one of C20, C25, C30, and C25 fine stones, and the slope is 2% to 5%.
6. The antifreeze step construction node in cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The isolation layer is a 0.4 mm thick polyethylene film.
7. The antifreeze step construction node in cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bonding layer is a 30mm thick 1:4 dry hard cement mortar bonding layer.
8. The antifreeze step construction node in cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface layer is one of 40mm thick granite, 140mm thick granite strips, 60mm thick precast concrete blocks, and 60mm thick precast reinforced concrete slabs, and has an outward slope of 1%.