Radiator

Abstract

The utility model discloses a radiator which comprises a cooling pipeline filled with cooling liquid, the cooling pipeline at least comprises a first pipeline and a second pipeline, the first pipeline is contacted with at least one side of a first battery module, and the second pipeline is contacted with at least one side of a second battery module. According to the structure, the cooling liquid flows in the first pipeline and the second pipeline to form an efficient cooling liquid circulation path, so that the cooling liquid can uniformly and efficiently flow through each battery module, and the heat dissipation efficiency and the temperature uniformity of the battery pack are remarkably improved, so that the service life of the battery is prolonged, and the overall performance and the safety performance are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of new energy storage technology, in particular to a radiator. Background Art

[0002] The battery thermal management system, a key system that ensures the battery operates within its appropriate temperature range and safeguards its performance and lifespan, primarily consists of components such as the battery case, heat transfer medium, and monitoring equipment. In actual applications, excessively high, low, or uneven cell temperatures within the battery pack can severely impact battery and system performance. Excessively low temperatures can reduce battery capacity, limit charge and discharge power, and potentially trigger lithium deposition, irreversibly reducing battery capacity and even causing thermal runaway. Excessively high temperatures can trigger violent chemical reactions within the battery, generating significant heat. If this heat cannot be dissipated promptly, the battery may leak, release gas, emit smoke, and, in severe cases, even violently burn or explode.

[0003] Currently, most battery thermal management systems heat and cool the battery cells by applying thermally conductive adhesive to one side of the battery cell, directly contacting the battery cell. However, when thermally conductive silicone is added to the bottom of the battery cell, or in the middle of the battery cell, or between the heat conduction plate and the cooling pipe, such as in a square shell or soft battery pack, the cooling effect of the battery cell close to the cooling channel is obvious, while the cooling effect of other battery cells is not significant, resulting in uneven temperature distribution of the battery cells. In addition, when preheating or liquid cooling the battery cell, the temperature of the battery cell close to the cooling channel side drops faster, but the temperature of the battery cell far from the channel still does not reach the expected effect, resulting in unsatisfactory consistency of the battery cell. Summary of the Invention

[0004] One of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a radiator to solve the technical problem that the prior art cannot effectively control the uneven temperature distribution between battery modules, resulting in reduced battery pack performance and reduced safety.

[0005] In order to achieve one of the above-mentioned purposes of the invention, the present invention provides a radiator, including: a cooling pipeline filled with coolant, the cooling pipeline including at least a first pipeline and a second pipeline, the first pipeline contacts at least one side of the first battery module, and the second pipeline contacts at least one side of the second battery module.

[0006] As a further improvement of an embodiment of the present invention, the battery module includes at least two battery cells and a heat conducting plate, the heat conducting plate is arranged between adjacent battery cells, and the heat conducting plate is connected to the cooling pipeline.

[0007] As a further improvement of an embodiment of the present invention, the battery cell includes a first battery cell wall and a second battery cell wall that are connected, and the heat conductive plate includes a first heat conductive surface and a second heat conductive surface; the first heat conductive surface is arranged close to the first battery cell wall, and the area of ​​the first heat conductive surface is less than or equal to the first battery cell wall; the second heat conductive surface is arranged close to the second battery cell wall, and the area of ​​the second heat conductive surface is less than or equal to the second battery cell wall.

[0008] As a further improvement of an embodiment of the present invention, an insulator is provided between the heat conducting plate and the battery core.

[0009] As a further improvement of an embodiment of the present invention, the cooling pipeline includes a main pipeline, and the first pipeline and the second pipeline are respectively connected to the main pipeline.

[0010] As a further improvement of an embodiment of the present invention, the main line includes a main liquid inlet, the first line includes a first liquid inlet, and the second line includes a second liquid inlet; the first liquid inlet is connected to the first position of the main line, and the second liquid inlet is connected to the second position of the main line; the first position is arranged on the side of the second position close to the main liquid inlet; the size of the first liquid inlet is smaller than the size of the second liquid inlet, the first line and the second line.

[0011] As a further improvement of one embodiment of the present invention, the first pipeline includes a first liquid inlet, a first liquid outlet, and a first disc-type pipeline connecting the first liquid inlet and the first liquid outlet; or, the first pipeline includes a first liquid inlet, a first pipeline section, a second pipeline section, a third pipeline section and a first liquid outlet connected in sequence; the first pipeline section and the third pipeline section extend along a first direction, and the second pipeline section extends along a second direction; the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.

[0012] As a further improvement of one embodiment of the present invention, the second pipeline includes a second liquid inlet, a second liquid outlet, and a second disc-type pipeline connecting the second liquid inlet and the second liquid outlet; or, the second pipeline includes a second liquid inlet, a fourth pipeline section, a fifth pipeline section, a sixth pipeline section and a second liquid outlet connected in sequence; the fourth pipeline section and the sixth pipeline section extend along the first direction, and the fifth pipeline section extends along the second direction; the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.

[0013] As a further improvement of an embodiment of the present invention, the radiator includes a shell, the shell includes a first mounting member, and the battery module is fixed in relative position to the shell by a second mounting member that cooperates with the first mounting member.

[0014] As a further improvement of an embodiment of the present invention, a heat-conducting medium is applied to a side of the battery module close to the cooling pipe.

[0015] As a further improvement of an embodiment of the present invention, the radiator further includes a fan, which is disposed in the housing and is used to cool the battery module.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention introduces a cooling pipeline filled with coolant, wherein the cooling includes a first pipeline in contact with at least one side of the first battery module, and a second pipeline in contact with at least one side of the second battery module. With the help of the coolant flowing in the first pipeline and the second pipeline, an efficient coolant circulation path is formed, ensuring that the coolant can flow through each battery module evenly and efficiently, significantly improving the heat dissipation efficiency and temperature uniformity of the battery pack, thereby extending the service life of the battery and improving the overall performance and safety performance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the external structure of a radiator in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a radiator in one embodiment of the present utility model.

[0019] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of a cooling pipeline in one embodiment of the present utility model.

[0020] Figure 4 It is a structural diagram of the symmetrical arrangement of battery modules in the radiator in one embodiment of the present utility model.

[0021] Figure 5 It is a side structural diagram of the arrangement of battery modules in a radiator in one embodiment of the present utility model.

[0022] Figure 6 It is an enlarged structural diagram of the connection between the main pipeline and the connecting pipeline section structure in a specific embodiment of the utility model.

[0023] FIG7 ( a ) is a schematic diagram of monitoring points on the bottom side of a battery module in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] FIG7( b ) is a schematic diagram of temperature simulation of a monitoring point on the bottom side of a battery module in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 8 This is a temperature simulation diagram of the NTC monitoring point of the battery module in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] FIG9( a ) is a schematic diagram of a temperature cloud of a battery cell in a battery module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] FIG9( b ) is a schematic diagram of the temperature change of the battery cells in the battery module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] FIG10( a ) is a schematic diagram of temperature simulation of monitoring points on the top side of the battery cell of each battery module during the charging stage in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] FIG10( b ) is a schematic diagram of temperature simulation of monitoring points on the top side of the battery cell of each battery module during the discharge stage in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Among them, the radiator, 2000; the housing, 1000; the first battery module, 200; the second battery module, 300; the cooling pipe, 400; the internal fire protection structure, 500; the parallel management control component, 600; the communication interface, 700; the high-voltage connection plug, 800; the main liquid inlet, 11; the main liquid outlet, 12; the first pipeline, 13; the first liquid inlet, 13-1; the first liquid outlet, 13-2; the second pipeline , 14; second liquid inlet, 14-1; second liquid outlet, 14-2; third pipeline, 15; fourth pipeline, 16; fourth liquid inlet, 16-1; fourth liquid outlet, 16-2; first connecting pipeline section structure, 17; second connecting pipeline section structure, 18; third connecting pipeline section structure, 19; fourth connecting pipeline section structure, 20; inlet pipeline, 22; outlet pipeline, 23; battery cell ear, 5; heat conducting plate, 6. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the specific embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, these embodiments do not limit the present invention, and any structural, methodological, or functional modifications made by a person skilled in the art based on these embodiments are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] As used herein, terms such as "center," "upper," "lower," "front," "back," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer" that indicate spatial relative positions are used for ease of explanation to describe the relationship of one element or feature relative to another element or feature as shown in the accompanying drawings. Spatially relative terms may be intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation other than the orientation shown in the drawings.

[0033] For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as "below" or "beneath" other elements or features would then be oriented "above" the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplary term "below" can encompass both an orientation of above and below. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.

[0034] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; mechanical connections or electrical connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and internal connections between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0035] It should be noted that the term "comprises" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article, or apparatus that includes a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. In addition, the terms "first," "second," etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0036] The embodiment of the present invention provides a radiator 2000. The radiator 2000 is a device for dissipating heat from a battery module or battery pack, and can achieve cooling based on the convection heat transfer performance of liquid.

[0037] Specifically, a pump circulates the coolant through a closed flow channel. As it flows through the battery module, it absorbs heat generated by the module, thereby reducing the module temperature. The absorbed heat is then transferred to the surrounding environment through a radiator or other heat exchange device, completing the heat dissipation process.

[0038] In one embodiment, the radiator 2000 can dissipate heat for at least two battery modules simultaneously.

[0039] like Figures 1 to 2 As shown, in one specific embodiment, the radiator 2000 includes a housing 1000, within which at least a first battery module 200 and a second battery module 300 are disposed. The radiator 2000 also includes a cooling pipe 400 filled with a coolant, which dissipates heat and cools at least the first battery module 200 and the second battery module 300. Specifically, the coolant circulates through the cooling pipe 400, dissipating heat to the surrounding environment through the coolant, ensuring a uniform operating temperature of the battery modules.

[0040] like Figure 1 and Figure 3As shown, the cooling circuit 400 includes a main line, which includes a main liquid inlet 11 and a main liquid outlet 12. The main liquid inlet 11 is used to introduce or replenish coolant. Specifically, during the circulation process, the coolant may gradually decrease due to evaporation, leakage, or other reasons. Fresh coolant is replenished or replaced through the main liquid inlet 11. The main liquid outlet 12 is used to discharge the coolant after heat conduction.

[0041] like Figure 2 As shown, the radiator 2000 also includes an internal fire protection structure 500, which is used to quickly respond to fire caused by abnormal conditions such as short circuit and overheating in the battery module inside the radiator 2000 to prevent the fire from spreading, including the safety of the battery module and surrounding equipment.

[0042] The heat sink 2000 also includes a parallel management and control component 600, which is used to manage and control the parallel connection of battery modules or cells, ensuring balanced charging and discharging, thereby improving the overall performance and safety of the heat sink 2000. Specifically, the parallel management and control component 600 monitors the voltage, current, and other parameters of each battery module or cell in real time, making balanced adjustments to avoid overcharging and over-discharging, thereby extending the service life of the battery modules.

[0043] The radiator 2000 also includes a communication interface 700 and a high-voltage connection plug 800. The communication interface 700 facilitates data transmission between the radiator 2000 and external devices (such as a battery management system and vehicle controller). Through the communication interface 700, the radiator 2000 can send real-time battery module status information (such as voltage, current, and temperature) to external devices and receive control commands from external devices, enabling intelligent management and control of the radiator 2000. The high-voltage connection plug 800 facilitates electrical connection between the radiator 2000 and external high-voltage equipment (such as a motor and inverter).

[0044] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the radiator 400 includes a cooling pipe 400 filled with coolant for circulating the coolant. The cooling pipe 400 includes at least a first pipe 13 and a second pipe 14. The first pipe 13 contacts at least one side of the first battery module 200, and the second pipe 14 contacts at least one side of the second battery module 300.

[0045] like Figure 4As shown, in one specific embodiment, the heat sink 2000 includes eight battery modules, with safety spaces reserved between the modules. These battery modules are divided into two groups, each containing four battery modules, located on either side or in the front and back of the housing 1000, and symmetrically distributed within the heat sink 2000. This symmetrical distribution ensures that the battery modules are relatively evenly positioned within the heat sink 2000, preventing excessive heat accumulation in certain modules due to improper positioning. Furthermore, each module can obtain similar heat dissipation conditions, thereby reducing uneven heat distribution among the battery modules and ensuring even heat distribution and maximizing heat dissipation efficiency.

[0046] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, in one embodiment, for ease of description, the first battery module 200 and the second battery module 300 are both composed of vertically arranged soft-pack cells with the cell tabs 5 facing upward. The first conduit 13 at least contacts the bottom of the first battery module 200, and the second conduit 14 at least contacts the bottom of the second battery module 300. The cooling conduit 400 disposed at the bottom can fully utilize the space at the bottom of the battery module, making it easier to achieve uniform distribution and flow of the coolant, reducing coolant accumulation or poor flow in certain areas, and improving heat exchange efficiency and heat dissipation performance.

[0047] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, in one embodiment, the battery module includes at least two battery cells and a heat conducting plate 6, wherein the heat conducting plate 6 is disposed between adjacent battery cells and connected to the cooling pipe 400. In this way, a uniform temperature within a single battery module can be ensured.

[0048] In a specific embodiment, a single battery module may include 32 battery cells, each with a capacity of 37Ah (ampere-hour). The two ends of the battery module are fixed with an insulator (such as a plastic plate), and the entire battery module is bundled together with a steel strip wrapped with an insulator (such as an insulating film) to achieve a certain pre-tightening force. In this way, the battery module can avoid expansion during charging or discharging, which helps to extend the service life of the battery module.

[0049] In one embodiment, the battery cell includes a first battery cell wall and a second battery cell wall that are connected, and the heat conductive plate includes a first heat conductive surface and a second heat conductive surface; the first heat conductive surface is arranged close to the first battery cell wall, and the area of ​​the first heat conductive surface is less than or equal to the first battery cell wall; the second heat conductive surface is arranged close to the second battery cell wall, and the area of ​​the second heat conductive surface is less than or equal to the second battery cell wall.

[0050] In a specific embodiment, the heat conducting plate is an L-shaped heat conducting plate, which includes a first heat conducting surface and a second heat conducting surface, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the first heat conducting surface is larger than the cross-sectional area of ​​the second heat conducting surface; the first heat conducting surface is arranged in contact with a first battery cell wall with a larger area, and the second heat conducting surface is arranged in contact with a second battery cell wall with a smaller area.

[0051] In this way, by placing the first heat-conducting surface against the larger area of ​​the battery cell, it can more effectively cover and contact a large area of ​​the battery cell, thereby more effectively conducting away the heat generated by the battery cell. Although the second heat-conducting surface has a smaller cross-sectional area, it is placed against the smaller area of ​​the battery cell to ensure effective heat conduction in this area. This makes the heat distribution of the entire battery module more uniform, reducing the risk of local overheating. At the same time, the L-shaped heat-conducting plate can also enhance the structural stability of the battery module to a certain extent and reduce the relative movement between battery cells.

[0052] In a specific embodiment, the heat conducting plate is made of an aluminum plate with good thermal conductivity. The thickness of the aluminum plate is 1.5 mm, which is adaptively adjusted according to actual needs.

[0053] In one specific embodiment, the cross-sectional area of ​​the first thermally conductive surface is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the corresponding first battery cell wall (excluding the width of the battery cell edge seal), that is, the center points of the first thermally conductive surface and the corresponding first battery cell wall coincide, a first distance between the center point and the first edge of the first thermally conductive surface is smaller than a second distance between the center point and the first edge of the corresponding first battery cell wall, and the difference between the second distance and the first distance is less than or equal to a set threshold. (That is, the center points of the first thermally conductive surface and the first battery cell wall coincide, and the area of ​​the first thermally conductive surface is less than or equal to the area of ​​the first battery cell wall.)

[0054] like Figure 3 As shown, in one embodiment, the cooling pipeline 400 further includes a main pipeline, the first pipeline 13 and the second pipeline 14 are respectively connected to the main pipeline, and the main pipeline is used to introduce and discharge the cooling liquid.

[0055] In this way, the first and second pipes 13 and 14 are connected in parallel to the main pipe, and the coolant can flow through different battery modules simultaneously after being divided without interfering or obstructing each other. This parallel flow method ensures that the coolant can be evenly distributed in every corner of the battery pack.

[0056] Of course, when the number of battery modules arranged in the shell 1000 increases, the number of corresponding cooling section pipelines also increases accordingly. For example, the radiator 2000 includes four battery modules, and the first pipeline 13, the second pipeline 14, the third pipeline 15 and the fourth pipeline 16 branch out from the main pipeline.

[0057] like Figure 3 As shown, in a specific embodiment, the main line includes an inlet line 22 for introducing coolant into the cooling line 400, and the inlet line 22 includes a main liquid inlet 11; the main line also includes an outlet line 23 for discharging the coolant that has absorbed heat from the cooling line 400 for subsequent heat dissipation processing, and the outlet line 23 includes a main liquid outlet 12.

[0058] like Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, in a specific embodiment, the cooling pipeline 400 further includes a first connecting pipeline section 17, a second connecting pipeline section 18, a third connecting pipeline section 19, and a fourth connecting pipeline section 20. The first connecting pipeline section 17 is disposed in communication between the main pipeline and the first pipeline 13, the second connecting pipeline section 18 is disposed in communication between the main pipeline and the second pipeline 14, the third connecting pipeline section 19 is disposed in communication between the main pipeline and the third pipeline 15, and the fourth connecting pipeline section 20 is disposed in communication between the main pipeline and the fourth pipeline 16.

[0059] The connecting pipe section is used for distributing the coolant. Figure 6 An enlarged structural diagram of the connection between the main line and the fourth line 16 is shown. The main line is connected to the fourth line 16 via the fourth connecting line 20. The fourth connecting line 20 includes a fourth liquid inlet 16-1 and a fourth liquid outlet 16-2. The fourth liquid inlet 16-1 is connected to the inlet line 22, and the fourth liquid outlet 16-2 is connected to the outlet line 23, thereby diverting the coolant to the corresponding branch lines.

[0060] In a specific embodiment, a valve can be provided at the corresponding connecting pipe section structure as required to control the flow of coolant into the battery module to control the heat dissipation effect of the battery module.

[0061] In one embodiment, the main line includes a main liquid inlet 11, the first line 13 includes a first liquid inlet 13-1, and the second line 14 includes a second liquid inlet 14-1; the first liquid inlet 13-1 is connected to the first position of the main line, and the second liquid inlet 14-1 is connected to the second position of the main line; the first position is arranged on the side of the second position close to the main liquid inlet 11.

[0062] In a specific embodiment, the structural dimensions are set according to the following requirements, that is, the size of the first liquid inlet 13-1 of the first pipeline 13 close to the main liquid inlet 11 of the main pipeline is less than or equal to the size of the second liquid inlet 14-1 of the second pipeline 14 away from the main liquid inlet 11.

[0063] By adjusting the inner diameter of the cooling lines, temperature differences between battery modules can be balanced. The smaller inner diameter of the pipes near the inlet increases the flow rate of the liquid coolant. Increased flow rate means less contact time between the liquid coolant and the battery module heat transfer plate, but due to the high flow rate, a large amount of heat can be quickly removed. Larger inner diameter pipes farther from the inlet, on the other hand, slow the flow rate of the liquid coolant. Reduced flow rate means the liquid coolant spends more time near the battery module heat transfer plate, giving it more opportunities to absorb and remove heat, helping to achieve a more even temperature distribution throughout the battery pack.

[0064] For example, if Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, the flow field results of the simulation experiment show that when the corresponding liquid inlet sizes at the joints of the four connecting pipeline sections in the figure (i.e., the first connecting pipeline section 17, the second connecting pipeline section 18, the third connecting pipeline section 19 and the fourth connecting pipeline section 20) with the main pipeline are set to 11mm, 11mm, 12nm and 14nm from bottom to top, respectively, the flow distribution of each branch pipeline is uniform, and the difference from the average value is less than the set threshold value of 1%, which meets the requirements.

[0065] like Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, in a specific embodiment, the first pipeline 13 includes a first liquid inlet 13-1, a first liquid outlet 13-2, and a first disc pipeline connecting the first liquid inlet 13-1 and the first liquid outlet 13-2.

[0066] In another specific embodiment, the first pipeline 13 includes a first liquid inlet 13-1, a first pipeline section, a second pipeline section, a third pipeline section and a first liquid outlet 13-2 connected in sequence; the first pipeline section and the third pipeline section extend along the first direction, and the second pipeline section extends along the second direction.

[0067] like Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, in a specific embodiment, the second pipeline 14 includes a second liquid inlet 14 - 1 , a second liquid outlet 14 - 2 , and a second disc-type pipeline connecting the second liquid inlet 14 - 1 and the second liquid outlet 14 - 2 .

[0068] In another specific embodiment, the second pipeline 14 includes a second liquid inlet 14-1, a fourth pipeline section, a fifth pipeline section, a sixth pipeline section and a second liquid outlet 14-2 connected in sequence; the fourth pipeline section and the sixth pipeline section extend along the first direction, and the fifth pipeline section extends along the second direction.

[0069] In a specific embodiment, the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.

[0070] In this way, setting the first pipeline 13 and / or the second pipeline 14 as a disc structure or a Meander structure can increase the flow path length of the coolant in the battery module, so that it has a longer contact time with the heat conductive surface of the battery module, thereby more effectively absorbing and taking away the heat generated by the battery module. In addition, the Meander structure can prompt the coolant to continuously change direction during the flow process, thereby being more evenly distributed in various parts of the battery module, which helps to improve the temperature uniformity between different battery modules.

[0071] Similarly, the third pipeline 15 and the fourth pipeline 16 can both adopt a disc structure similar to the first pipeline 13 and the second pipeline 14 or a zigzag structure in which the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction, which will not be described in detail here.

[0072] In one embodiment, an insulator is further provided between the heat conducting plate 6 in the battery module and the battery core.

[0073] In a specific embodiment, the insulator can be made of a material with high thermal conductivity and excellent electrical insulation properties, such as a ceramic-based composite material or a polymer insulating film. This can not only effectively isolate the electrical connection and prevent the risk of short circuit, but also ensure that heat is efficiently transferred from the battery cell to the heat conduction plate, and then cooled and dissipated through the cooling pipe to ensure that the heat dissipation efficiency is not affected.

[0074] To further optimize the heat transfer efficiency between the battery module and the coolant, in one embodiment, a thermally conductive medium is applied to the side of the battery module near the cooling line. This thermally conductive medium has high thermal conductivity, low viscosity, good wettability, and chemical stability. It can quickly fill the tiny gap between the bottom of the battery module and the heat sink, forming a continuous heat conduction path. This helps reduce thermal resistance, increase heat transfer speed, maintain uniform temperature distribution in the battery module, and extend battery life.

[0075] In order to enhance the stability and reliability of the battery module in the radiator 2000, in one embodiment, the radiator includes a shell, the shell includes a first mounting member, and the battery module is fixed in relative position to the shell by a second mounting member that cooperates with the first mounting member.

[0076] For example, a plurality of circular holes are provided at the edge of the battery module to cooperate with connecting components to secure the battery module. In this embodiment, the circular holes are used in conjunction with connecting components such as bolts, nuts, and buckles to form a stable mechanical connection, ensuring that the battery module remains in a stable position during charging or discharging.

[0077] Specifically, the battery module may expand to a certain extent due to chemical reactions during the charging or discharging process. These circular hole designs allow the battery module to have a certain amount of fine-tuning space in the vertical and horizontal directions, thereby effectively alleviating the internal stress caused by the expansion of the battery cell and avoiding damage to the battery module or poor heat dissipation due to stress concentration.

[0078] The circular hole design doesn't sacrifice heat dissipation efficiency. On the contrary, by using aluminum sheet, a material with excellent thermal conductivity, as the material for at least one side (bottom or side) of the battery module, these circular holes become part of the heat dissipation channel. They don't block the heat conduction path from the battery module to the heat sink and then away by the coolant. Instead, by reducing the material thickness, they further reduce thermal resistance and improve heat dissipation efficiency. Furthermore, the standardized circular hole position and size ensure consistency during battery module installation, enabling rapid assembly.

[0079] In one embodiment, the radiator 2000 further includes a fan, which is disposed in the housing and is used to cool the battery module.

[0080] In this embodiment, the fan in the housing 1000 is used in air cooling mode. When the battery module needs air cooling, the fan in the radiator 2000 is turned on; more than one fan is provided in the radiator 2000.

[0081] In practical applications, the number and model of fans can be set according to the number and size of battery modules included in the radiator 2000.

[0082] In one embodiment, the flow channel in the cooling pipe 400 is sealed, and the battery module arrangement shell is completely isolated and sealed from the outside air to achieve IP67, where IP67 is a requirement for packaging quality, indicating that the packaging structure can prevent dust from entering (level 6) and short-term immersion in water (level 7) without causing damage, so as to achieve the effect of isolating the battery cells in the battery module from the outside air.

[0083] In order to further verify that the various structural components within the radiator 2000 can effectively control the uniform distribution of temperature between battery modules, an intuitive verification can be performed through the following simulation experiment.

[0084] As shown in Figure 7(a), a simulation was performed on the temperature monitoring points at the bottom of the sides of the first battery module 13 and the second battery module 14. The simulation results are shown in Figure 7(b). At the end of charging, the maximum temperature at the bottom of the sides of the battery cells was 28.4°C, the minimum temperature was 25.2°C, the maximum temperature difference was 3.2°C, and the maximum temperature rise was 3.4°C. At the end of discharging, the maximum temperature at the bottom of the sides of the battery cells was 28.2°C, the minimum temperature was 24.9°C, the maximum temperature difference was 3.3°C, and the maximum temperature rise was 3.2°C.

[0085] As can be seen, the maximum temperature difference of the battery module is between 3.2°C and 3.3°C, a relatively small temperature range. Both maximum temperature differences are relatively small, indicating that the temperature distribution on the sides and bottom of the battery cells is relatively uniform during charging or discharging. The maximum temperature rise is between 3.2°C and 3.4°C, indicating that the temperature rise of the battery cells is effectively controlled during charging or discharging, which indirectly proves the effectiveness of the heat sink.

[0086] Among them, the highest temperature and the lowest temperature at the charging end and the discharging end reflect the temperature range of the bottom of the side of the battery cell during the charging and discharging process.

[0087] The maximum temperature difference indicates the uneven temperature distribution between the sides and bottom of the battery cell during charge and discharge. Excessive temperature differences may increase internal stress in the battery, affecting its performance and lifespan.

[0088] The maximum temperature rise refers to the maximum increase in temperature from the initial temperature to the end temperature of the charge and discharge at the bottom of the side of the battery cell. It can reflect the heat generation of the battery during the charge and discharge process and is an important indicator for evaluating the thermal management efficiency of the battery.

[0089] The NTC (Negative Temperature Coefficient, negative temperature coefficient thermistor) monitoring point position on the top of the first battery module 13 and the second battery module 14 is simulated, and the simulation results are as follows: Figure 8 The maximum NTC temperature at the charging end is 32.5°C, the minimum temperature is 30.1°C, the maximum temperature difference is 2.4°C, and the maximum temperature rise is 7.5°C. The maximum NTC temperature at the discharging end is 32.2°C, the minimum temperature is 29.2°C, the maximum temperature difference is 3.0°C, and the maximum temperature rise is 7.2°C.

[0090] As shown in Figure 7 (a), Figure 7 (b), Figure 8 As shown in Figure 9, by monitoring the temperature changes at the bottom of the battery module side and the NTC monitoring point, the temperature change differences between battery modules can be simulated to determine, thereby evaluating the overall temperature consistency of the battery module. To further monitor the temperature changes of the battery cells within a single battery module, the battery cells can be simulated and monitored. The simulation monitoring results of the battery cells are shown in the battery cell temperature cloud diagram in Figure 9 (a) and the battery cell temperature change curve in Figure 9 (b).

[0091] As shown in Figures 9(a) and 9(b), at the end of charging, the cell reached a maximum temperature of 43.4°C. This high temperature point is located in module 02 (the second battery module). In other words, the highest cell temperature occurs in the last return flow channel. This may be due to the coolant temperature rising after flowing through multiple modules, or insufficient coolant flow at this location, resulting in poor heat dissipation. The lowest cell temperature is 29.1°C, located in module 03 (the third battery module). In other words, the lowest cell temperature occurs near the inlet flow channel. This is because the coolant is lower in temperature upon entering the flow channel and can more effectively remove heat generated by the cell. The large difference between the maximum and minimum temperatures (14.3°C) indicates uneven temperature distribution within the battery pack.

[0092] As shown in Figures 10(a) and 10(b), in the temperature change curves of the NTC monitoring points on the top of the side of the battery cell of each module during the charging and discharging stages, the monitoring points on the top of the side of the battery cell show an "arch bridge" trend distribution, with high temperature in the middle of the module and low temperature at both ends; the overall temperature of the battery cell during the charging stage is higher than that during the discharging stage; among the eight battery modules, the temperature of module 04 (i.e., the fourth battery module) and module 06 (i.e., the sixth battery module) is relatively low, and the temperature of module 02 (i.e., the second battery module) is relatively high.

[0093] Simulation results indeed indicate that cell temperature is related to the battery module's position within the flow channel. Battery modules near the inlet flow channel have better heat dissipation and relatively lower temperatures, while modules near the outlet or return flow channel have poorer heat dissipation and higher temperatures. Based on this, flow channel design should consider factors such as the overall battery module layout, module size, and arrangement to determine the optimal flow channel inner diameter and shape for each battery module.

[0094] For example, as mentioned above, Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown in the figure, the inner diameters of the joints connecting the four pipe sections to the main pipe are set to 11mm, 11mm, 12mm, and 14mm from bottom to top. This design is not arbitrary, but is based on precise calculations based on simulation results.

[0095] Specifically, the battery modules in the flow channel area near the main liquid inlet 11 have better heat dissipation conditions, so the inner diameter of the connector is relatively small, which not only meets the heat dissipation requirements but also avoids overcooling and energy waste. In contrast, modules near the outlet or return flow channel have poorer heat dissipation conditions, so the inner diameter of the connector is correspondingly increased to increase the coolant flow rate and flow rate, thereby improving heat dissipation efficiency and reducing battery module temperature.

[0096] This application also makes several embodiments with the radiator in different working conditions, and compares the different temperature conditions when the battery module is in use.

[0097] In one embodiment, under operating conditions where the ambient temperature is 25°C and the coolant flows into the cooling pipe at a flow rate of 12.33 L / min, when the battery module is in the charging process, the maximum temperature of the battery cells in the battery module is 33.3°C, the minimum temperature is 23.1°C, the maximum temperature difference is 10.2°C, and the maximum temperature rise is 8.3°C. When the battery module is in the discharging process, the maximum temperature of the battery cells is 33.0°C, the minimum temperature is 23.0°C, the maximum temperature difference is 10.0°C, and the maximum temperature rise is 8.0°C. (Operating Condition 1)

[0098] When the battery module is in the charging process, the maximum temperature of the NTC at the aluminum busbar monitoring point is 32.5°C, the minimum temperature is 30.1°C, the maximum temperature difference is 2.4°C, and the maximum temperature rise is 7.5°C; when the battery module is in the discharging process, the maximum temperature of the NTC at the aluminum busbar monitoring point is 32.2°C, the minimum temperature is 29.2°C, the maximum temperature difference is 3.0°C, and the maximum temperature rise is 7.2°C.

[0099] In another embodiment, under the operating conditions of an ambient temperature of 40°C and coolant flowing into the cooling pipe at a flow rate of 12.33 L / min, when the battery module is in the charging process, the maximum temperature of the battery cells in the battery module is 43.4°C, the minimum temperature is 29.1°C, the maximum temperature difference is 14.3°C, and the maximum temperature rise is 3.4°C; when the battery module is in the discharging process, the maximum temperature of the battery cells in the battery module is 39.7°C, the minimum temperature is 28.2°C, the maximum temperature difference is 11.5°C, and the maximum temperature rise is 2.6°C. (Operating Condition 2)

[0100] When the battery module is in the charging process, the maximum temperature of the NTC at the aluminum busbar monitoring point is 43.1°C, the minimum temperature is 38.8°C, the maximum temperature difference is 4.2°C, and the maximum temperature rise is 3.1°C; when the battery module is in the discharging process, the maximum temperature of the NTC at the aluminum busbar monitoring point is 39.0°C, the minimum temperature is 35.5°C, the maximum temperature difference is 3.5°C, and the maximum temperature rise is -1.0°C.

[0101] According to the two examples above, the maximum temperature of the battery module cells during charging in Operating Condition 2 reached 43.4°C, approximately 10°C higher than the 33.3°C in Operating Condition 1. This indicates that at higher ambient temperatures, the heat generated by the cells increases, leading to a more significant temperature rise. The maximum temperature of the cells also rises during discharge, but the temperature difference (11.5°C) is slightly smaller than during charging (14.3°C). This may be related to the heat dissipation during discharge and the characteristics of the battery's internal chemical reactions.

[0102] The temperature of the NTC at the aluminum busbar monitoring point also increases in Condition 2, but the temperature difference is relatively small (the maximum temperature difference during charging is 4.2°C, and the maximum temperature difference during discharging is 3.5%). This shows that the aluminum busbar still maintains good temperature uniformity under higher ambient temperatures.

[0103] In summary, the present invention introduces a cooling pipeline filled with coolant, wherein the cooling includes a first pipeline in contact with at least one side of the first battery module, and a second pipeline in contact with at least one side of the second battery module. With the help of the coolant flowing in the first pipeline and the second pipeline, an efficient coolant circulation path is formed, ensuring that the coolant can flow through each battery module evenly and efficiently, significantly improving the heat dissipation efficiency and temperature uniformity of the battery pack, thereby extending the service life of the battery and improving the overall performance and safety performance.

[0104] It should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of implementation methods, not every implementation method contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative method of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each implementation method can also be appropriately combined to form other implementation methods that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

[0105] The series of detailed descriptions listed above are only specific descriptions of feasible implementation methods of the present invention. They are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any equivalent implementation methods or changes that do not deviate from the technical spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A radiator, comprising: The cooling pipeline is filled with coolant, and the cooling pipeline includes at least a first pipeline and a second pipeline. The first pipeline contacts at least one side of the first battery module, and the second pipeline contacts at least one side of the second battery module.

2. The radiator according to claim 1, characterized in that The battery module includes at least two battery cells and a heat conducting plate. The heat conducting plate is arranged between adjacent battery cells and is connected to the cooling pipeline.

3. The radiator according to claim 2, characterized in that The battery cell includes a first battery cell wall and a second battery cell wall that are connected, and the heat conductive plate includes a first heat conductive surface and a second heat conductive surface; the first heat conductive surface is arranged close to the first battery cell wall, and the area of ​​the first heat conductive surface is less than or equal to the first battery cell wall; the second heat conductive surface is arranged close to the second battery cell wall, and the area of ​​the second heat conductive surface is less than or equal to the second battery cell wall.

4. The radiator according to claim 2, characterized in that An insulator is provided between the heat conducting plate and the battery core.

5. The radiator according to claim 1, wherein The cooling pipeline includes a main pipeline, and the first pipeline and the second pipeline are respectively connected to the main pipeline.

6. The radiator according to claim 5, characterized in that The main line includes a main liquid inlet, the first line includes a first liquid inlet, and the second line includes a second liquid inlet; the first liquid inlet is connected to a first position of the main line, and the second liquid inlet is connected to a second position of the main line; the first position is arranged on a side of the second position close to the main liquid inlet; the size of the first liquid inlet is smaller than or equal to the size of the second liquid inlet, the first line and the second line.

7. The radiator according to claim 1, characterized in that The first pipeline includes a first liquid inlet, a first liquid outlet, and a first disc-type pipeline connecting the first liquid inlet and the first liquid outlet; or, The first pipeline includes a first liquid inlet, a first pipeline section, a second pipeline section, a third pipeline section and a first liquid outlet which are connected in sequence; the first pipeline section and the third pipeline section extend along a first direction, and the second pipeline section extends along a second direction; The second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.

8. The radiator according to claim 1, wherein The second pipeline includes a second liquid inlet, a second liquid outlet, and a second disc-type pipeline connecting the second liquid inlet and the second liquid outlet; or, The second pipeline includes a second liquid inlet, a fourth pipeline section, a fifth pipeline section, a sixth pipeline section and a second liquid outlet which are connected in sequence; the fourth pipeline section and the sixth pipeline section extend along a first direction, and the fifth pipeline section extends along a second direction; the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.

9. The radiator according to claim 1, wherein: The radiator includes a shell, the shell includes a first mounting member, and the battery module is fixed in relative position to the shell by a second mounting member that cooperates with the first mounting member.

10. The heat sink according to claim 1, wherein A heat-conducting medium is applied on one side of the battery module close to the cooling pipe.

11. The heat sink according to claim 1, wherein The radiator further includes a fan, which is disposed in the housing and is used to cool the battery module.

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