Ka-band-based dual-circularly-polarized transmit-receive integrated antenna

Abstract

The utility model relates to a dual-circularly-polarized transmit-receive integrated antenna based on a Ka frequency band, and belongs to the field of spaceflight measurement and control communication. The antenna comprises a feed probe, an orthogonal mode coupler, a circular polarizer, a waveguide, a horn and an antenna housing. Wherein the orthogonal mode coupler is cylindrical, two opposite sides of the orthogonal mode coupler are respectively provided with an input port, and a feed probe is fixed at each input port; the circular polarizer is fixed on the upper surface of the orthogonal mode coupler; the waveguide is of a symmetrical structure, the lower part of the waveguide is arranged in the orthogonal mode coupler and extends to the input port, and the upper part of the waveguide is arranged in the circular polarizer; the loudspeaker is fixed at one end, far away from the orthogonal mode coupler, of the circular polarizer; and the antenna housing is fixed on the surface of the orthogonal mode coupler and covers the circular polarizer and the loudspeaker. The antenna is simple in structure, is easy to realize, is convenient to process and produce, is wide in frequency band, is large in power capacity, is stable and reliable in performance, and is convenient to adjust and use.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the field of aerospace measurement and control communications, and relates to a dual circular polarization transceiver integrated antenna based on the Ka frequency band. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the rapid development of aerospace measurement, control, and communication technologies, the demand for high-speed, high-capacity data transmission has grown. Given the millimeter-wave frequency band's wider spectrum resources, higher data rates, and greater network capacity, the key application trend of communication systems has clearly pointed to communication in the millimeter-wave frequency band. To better adapt to the characteristics of millimeter-wave communication and achieve high-speed and stable wireless transmission, continuous in-depth research and innovation in millimeter-wave antenna design have become key to promoting the continued development of communication technology.

[0003] However, millimeter wave communications also bring a series of technical challenges due to their inherent characteristics. The short wavelength of millimeter wave signals leads to large losses during signal transmission, and millimeter wave signals are highly sensitive to physical obstacles, which limits their effective communication range and affects signal stability. In this context, dual circularly polarized millimeter wave antennas have attracted widespread attention due to their unique advantages. The antenna has the characteristics of simultaneously transmitting and receiving circularly polarized waves in two perpendicular directions, thereby improving the antenna's spatial utilization efficiency and enhancing the signal's anti-interference and penetration capabilities. However, the design and implementation of dual circularly polarized millimeter wave antennas also face challenges, such as complex feeding network design, performance issues such as narrow bandwidth and low gain, and technical difficulties in miniaturizing the antenna size. Solving these problems is crucial to fully realizing the potential of millimeter wave dual circularly polarized antennas in aerospace measurement, control and communication systems. Utility Model Content

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a dual circularly polarized transceiver antenna based on the Ka band to achieve wide bandwidth, high gain and stable information transmission.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A dual circularly polarized transceiver integrated antenna based on the Ka band, comprising: a feeding probe, an orthogonal mode coupler, a circular polarizer, a waveguide, a horn and a radome.

[0007] Among them, the orthogonal mode coupler is cylindrical, with an input port provided on each of its opposite sides, and a feeding probe is fixed at each input port; the circular polarizer is fixed on the upper surface of the orthogonal mode coupler; the waveguide has a symmetrical structure, the lower part of which is arranged in the orthogonal mode coupler and extends to the input port, and the upper part is arranged in the circular polarizer; the horn is fixed at one end of the circular polarizer away from the orthogonal mode coupler; the antenna cover is fixed on the surface of the orthogonal mode coupler and covers the circular polarizer and the horn.

[0008] Furthermore, the horn is in a frustum shape, and the diameter of the side away from the circular polarizer is larger than the diameter of the side connected to the circular polarizer.

[0009] Furthermore, a stepped partition is provided in the circular polarizer, and the lateral dimensions of each step from top to bottom are 1.1mm, 3mm, 2.94mm, 2.8mm, 3.7mm and 3.22mm respectively, and the longitudinal dimensions of each step from top to bottom are 2mm, 1.1mm, 1.1mm, 0.9mm, 0.6mm and 1.53mm respectively.

[0010] Furthermore, the material of the antenna cover is polytetrafluoroethylene, which can avoid the introduction of air while ensuring high gain of the antenna, thereby ensuring the structural strength and three-proof requirements of the antenna in the target range scenario.

[0011] Furthermore, the antenna has a size of 61 mm × 39 mm × 51 mm and an operating frequency range of 22.9 GHz to 28.5 GHz.

[0012] The beneficial effects of this utility model include: using a circular polarizer with stepped partitions as the antenna's feed network system, it can generate and separate circularly polarized signals, ensuring the antenna's dual circular polarization performance; achieving high gain and broadband performance through the horn; and ensuring high reliability in target range environments through the addition of a radome and the application of conformal coating. This antenna has a simple structure, is easy to implement, and is convenient to manufacture. It offers advantages such as wide bandwidth, high power capacity, stable and reliable performance, and easy adjustment and use.

[0013] Other advantages, objectives, and features of the present invention will be described in detail in the following description and, to some extent, will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon examination and study of the following or may be learned from practice of the present invention. The objectives and other advantages of the present invention may be realized and obtained through the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0015] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a dual circularly polarized transceiver antenna provided by an embodiment;

[0016] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the antenna structure shown;

[0017] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the stepped circular polarizer structure;

[0018] Figure 4 is a graph showing the voltage standing wave ratio of the antenna changing with frequency;

[0019] Figure 5 is a graph showing the achievable gain of the antenna as a function of frequency;

[0020] Figure 6 is a graph showing the axial ratio of the antenna changing with frequency;

[0021] Figure 7 is the antenna pattern characteristics at different frequencies, Figure 7 (a) is at 22.9 GHz, Figure 7 (b) is at 25.7 GHz, Figure 7 (c) at 28.5 GHz;

[0022] Figure 8 is the three-dimensional radiation pattern of the antenna.

[0023] Reference numerals: 1 - feed probe; 2 - orthogonal mode coupler; 3 - waveguide; 4 - circular polarizer; 5 - stepped baffle; 6 - horn; 7 - radome. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The following describes the embodiments of the present invention through specific examples. Those skilled in the art can easily understand the other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through different specific embodiments. The details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic illustrations of the basic concept of the present invention. The following embodiments and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0025] Among them, the accompanying drawings are only for illustrative purposes and represent only schematic diagrams rather than actual pictures, and should not be understood as limiting the present invention. In order to better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts of the accompanying drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of the actual product. For those skilled in the art, it is understandable that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted in the accompanying drawings.

[0026] The same or similar numbers in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar parts; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if there are terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "back", etc. indicating directions or positional relationships, they are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings. This is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes and cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0027] The utility model proposes a Ka-band dual-circularly polarized transceiver antenna for use in aerospace target range measurement and control. The antenna uses a partition circular polarizer of appropriate height as the antenna's feed network system to generate or separate circularly polarized signals, ensuring the antenna's dual circular polarization performance. The antenna achieves high gain and wideband performance through a horn of appropriate height. By loading a radome and spraying three-conformal paint, the high reliability requirements in the target range environment are guaranteed.

[0028] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a dual circularly polarized transceiver antenna proposed in one embodiment of the present invention is composed of a feed probe 1, an orthogonal mode coupler (OMT) 2, a waveguide 3, a circular polarizer 4 and a metal frustum horn 6. A dual circular polarization horn antenna is formed in combination with a baffle circular polarizer. The conical horn can be well adapted to the baffle circular polarizer.

[0029] The orthogonal-mode coupler 2 has two opposing input ports. After passing through the circular polarizer, the input signals from different ports generate two orthogonal components with equal amplitudes and a 90° phase difference. The input signal from one port has a 90° phase difference, while the input signal from the other port has a -90° phase difference. Therefore, after passing through the circular polarizer 3, a circularly polarized signal is generated. This is then radiated by the speaker 5, producing both left-handed and right-handed signals with a well-symmetrical directivity pattern.

[0030] The waveguide 3 is composed of two symmetrical L-shaped waveguides, one part of which extends to the input port of the orthogonal mode coupler 2, and the other part extends to the circular polarizer 4. The circular polarizer 4 is arranged above the orthogonal mode coupler 2. A stepped partition 5 is arranged inside the circular polarizer 4 to separate the waveguide in the circular polarizer into two parts. The stepped partition is as shown in FIG. Figure 3As shown in the figure, better axial ratio performance, lower differential loss, better impedance matching, and wider operating bandwidth can be achieved by appropriately sized steps. Specifically, the lateral dimensions of the stepped partitions from top to bottom are 1.1mm, 3mm, 2.94mm, 2.8mm, 3.7mm, and 3.22mm, respectively, and the longitudinal dimensions of the steps from top to bottom are 2mm, 1.1mm, 1.1mm, 0.9mm, 0.6mm, and 1.53mm, respectively.

[0031] The antenna structure adopts direct contact probe feeding from the feeding area to the orthogonal mode coupling area, and adopts space radiation electromagnetic coupling feeding from the orthogonal mode coupling area to the circular polarization area and the radiation area; a radome 7 (polytetrafluoroethylene) is designed in the radiation area, which avoids the introduction of air while ensuring the high gain of the antenna, thereby ensuring the structural strength and three-proof requirements in the target range scenario, and achieving high reliability of the antenna; adding a spraying process to the surface of the antenna further improves the reliability of the antenna in the target range environment.

[0032] In this embodiment, the antenna is made of silver-plated aluminum. Its dimensions are 61 mm × 39 mm × 51 mm, the waveguide is 8 mm × 4.3 mm, and the circular polarizer is 9.6 mm × 0.4 mm. The antenna operates in the 22.9 GHz to 28.5 GHz frequency band, with a 5.6 GHz bandwidth and a temperature range of -40°C to 80°C.

[0033] This embodiment also uses Ansoft HFSS to perform electromagnetic simulation on the proposed dual circular polarization transceiver antenna. The results are as follows: Figures 4 to 8 shown.

[0034] in, Figures 4 to 6 It is demonstrated that the antenna proposed in this embodiment can achieve a voltage standing wave ratio of less than 1.5, a gain greater than 11 dBi, and an axial ratio less than 3 dB in the frequency band of 22.9 GHz to 28.5 GHz.

[0035] Figure 7 The figure shows the directional pattern characteristics of the antenna proposed in this embodiment at three frequency points: 22.9 GHz, 25.7 GHz, and 28.5 GHz. It can be seen that the antenna has a vertex gain greater than 13.6 dB and a half-power beamwidth greater than 35°.

[0036] Figure 8 The figure shows the three-dimensional radiation pattern of the antenna proposed in this embodiment at 25.7 GHz. It can be seen that the antenna has good radiation characteristics.

[0037] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and are not limiting. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, ordinary technicians in this field should understand that the technical solution of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solution, which should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dual circularly polarized transceiver antenna based on the Ka band, characterized in that: The orthogonal mode coupler comprises a feeding probe, an orthogonal mode coupler, a circular polarizer, a waveguide, a horn and a radome; the orthogonal mode coupler is cylindrical and has an input port on each of its two opposite sides, and the feeding probe is fixed at each input port; the circular polarizer is fixed on the surface of the orthogonal mode coupler; the lower part of the waveguide is arranged in the orthogonal mode coupler and extends to the input port, and the upper part is arranged in the circular polarizer; the horn is fixed at one end of the circular polarizer away from the orthogonal mode coupler; the radome is fixed on the surface of the orthogonal mode coupler and covers the circular polarizer and the horn.

2. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein The diameter of the horn at a side away from the circular polarizer is larger than the diameter of the horn at a side connected to the circular polarizer.

3. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein A stepped partition is provided in the circular polarizer, and the stepped partition separates the waveguide in the circular polarizer into two parts.

4. The antenna according to claim 3, wherein: The lateral dimensions of each step of the stepped partition from top to bottom are 1.1 mm, 3 mm, 2.94 mm, 2.8 mm, 3.7 mm and 3.22 mm respectively, and the longitudinal dimensions of each step from top to bottom are 2 mm, 1.1 mm, 1.1 mm, 0.9 mm, 0.6 mm and 1.53 mm respectively.

5. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein The material of the antenna cover is polytetrafluoroethylene.

Images