Connecting structure, fixed loading table and welding equipment

Abstract

The utility model discloses a metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material connecting structure, a fixed loading table and welding equipment. The connection structure of the metal and the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material comprises a metal connection strengthening structure, a metal plate, a carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material plate, a Z-shaped structure, a positioning step, a first welding surface, a second welding surface, a metal plate welding surface, a first area and a second area, the second welding face is connected with the first face of the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material plate in a welded mode, and the second area is connected with the second face of the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material plate in a welded mode. The fixed loading platform comprises an upper fixed loading platform and a lower fixed loading platform; the welding equipment comprises a fixed loading table, laser welding equipment and a load applying mechanism. According to the utility model, the connection strength, stability and reliability of the metal and the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material are improved, the welding accuracy and the welding quality are improved, and the performance consistency of the connector is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of connection between metal materials and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite materials, in particular to a connection structure of metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite materials, a fixed loading platform and welding equipment. Background Art

[0002] Carbon fiber thermoplastic composite is a carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite material. Its high specific strength, excellent weather resistance and low density make it one of the best candidate materials for energy saving and efficiency improvement of transportation vehicles. It shows very attractive application prospects in the fields of transportation, sea, air and aerospace. Although carbon fiber thermoplastic composites have shown excellent performance and broad application prospects, there are still many problems in completely replacing existing metal structures. The replacement of some parts is an important means to promote the application of carbon fiber thermoplastic composites and improve the energy efficiency of existing vehicles. At present, carbon fiber thermoplastic composites have been widely used in the latest large passenger aircraft, significantly reducing flight energy consumption. However, how to achieve the connection between carbon fiber thermoplastic composites and existing metal components of vehicles is still a big problem.

[0003] At present, the commonly used connection method is riveting, which can realize the connection between carbon fiber thermoplastic composites and metal components at any time. However, the dense riveting holes will destroy the continuity of the carbon fiber, causing the failure to expand outward along the riveting holes, reducing the load-bearing capacity of the carbon fiber. Although the gluing process will not destroy the structural continuity of the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite, the bonding force of the adhesive layer is low and it is easy to age, making it difficult to cope with applications under high load conditions. Relatively speaking, laser connection shows a more promising effect. It does not need to destroy the structural continuity of the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite and can achieve a dense connection at the interface. However, the huge differences in material structure and physical and chemical properties between metals and carbon fiber thermoplastic composites make it difficult to form molecular or atomic bonds at the connection interface, making it impossible to obtain high connection strength.

[0004] Moreover, a single lap joint is prone to shearing effects during stress, which can easily lead to failure of the joint interface. Therefore, it is very meaningful to optimize the joint structure of metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composites and develop more reasonable auxiliary devices and supporting processes, which can further improve the connection strength of metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composites.

[0005] Although the existing technology discloses some laser welding methods for metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composites, it does not solve the joint failure mode, nor does it achieve an exponential increase in strength. In addition, the related pressure loading is not uniform and the component positioning is not accurate, making it impossible to achieve high-quality and efficient processing of metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composites.

[0006] In summary, the existing technology has the technical defects of insufficient connection strength of metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material, easy to appear connection failure, insufficient stability and reliability, etc., which seriously limits the further development and popularization and application of the field.

[0007] Therefore, the utility model aims at providing a new technical scheme to solve the existing technical problems. Utility model content

[0008] In order to overcome the insufficient of prior art, the utility model provides a kind of metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material's connecting structure, fixed loading platform and welding equipment, effectively solve the technical defects of insufficient connection strength of existing metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material connection technology, easy to appear connection failure, insufficient stability and reliability, etc.

[0009] The utility model solves the technical scheme that it adopts is as follows:

[0010] A kind of metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material's connecting structure, including metal connection reinforcing structure, metal plate and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material plate, wherein, the metal connection reinforcing structure is Z-shaped structure, the Z-shaped structure forms positioning ladder, first welding surface and second welding surface on the metal connection reinforcing structure, the metal plate has metal plate welding surface on it, the metal plate welding surface has first area and second area, the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material plate is positioned at the positioning ladder of the metal connection reinforcing structure and is located between the metal connection reinforcing structure and the metal plate, the first area on the first welding surface of the metal connection reinforcing structure and the metal plate welding surface of the metal plate is welded and connected, the second welding surface of the metal connection reinforcing structure and the first surface of the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material plate are welded and connected, the second area on the metal plate welding surface of the metal plate and the second surface of the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material plate are welded and connected.

[0011] As further improvement of the above technical scheme, the second welding surface of the metal connection reinforcing structure and the second area on the metal plate welding surface are both provided with microgroove texture.

[0012] As further improvement of the above technical scheme, the pitch of microgroove texture on the second welding surface and the second area on the metal plate welding surface is 30-80 μm, the width is 10-50 μm, and the depth is 15-150 μm.

[0013] As further improvement of the above technical scheme, the metal connection reinforcing structure and the metal plate are aluminum alloy or magnesium alloy, and the thickness is 2-8 mm.

[0014] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material plate is one of polyamide, polyaryletherketone, and polyimide reinforced with continuous carbon fibers, and the thickness of the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material plate ranges from 2 to 8 mm.

[0015] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the step height of the positioning step on the metal connection reinforcement structure is the same as the thickness of the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material plate.

[0016] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the mutual welding connection between the metal connection reinforcement structure, the metal plate and the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material plate is achieved by laser welding.

[0017] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, a polymer film is provided between the second welding surface of the metal connection reinforcement structure and the first surface of the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material plate and between the second area of ​​the metal plate welding surface and the second surface of the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material plate.

[0018] The utility model also provides:

[0019] A fixed loading platform for metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material, the fixed loading platform is used to realize fixed loading of the connection structure of the metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material, and comprises an upper fixed loading platform and a lower fixed loading platform, wherein the upper fixed loading platform is used to fix the metal connection reinforcement structure, and the lower fixed loading platform is used to fix the metal plate. The upper fixed loading platform is provided with an upper loading platform first welding cavity and an upper loading platform second welding cavity, and the lower fixed loading platform is provided with a lower loading platform first welding cavity. The upper loading platform first welding cavity is used to weld the first welding surface of the metal connection reinforcement structure to the first area on the welding surface of the metal plate, the upper loading platform second welding cavity is used to weld the second welding surface of the metal connection reinforcement structure to the first surface of the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material plate, and the lower loading platform first welding cavity is used to weld the second area of ​​the welding surface of the metal plate to the second surface of the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material plate.

[0020] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, an upper protective gas delivery pipeline is provided inside the upper fixed loading platform, and the upper protective gas delivery pipeline is connected to an external protective gas delivery source and communicates with the first welding cavity and the second welding cavity of the upper loading platform;

[0021] A lower protective gas delivery pipeline is provided inside the lower fixed loading platform, and the lower protective gas delivery pipeline is connected to an external protective gas delivery source and communicated with the first welding cavity of the lower loading platform.

[0022] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the upper fixed loading platform has a loading surface and the loading surface of the upper fixed loading platform is a special-shaped surface whose shape is adapted to the metal connection reinforcement structure, and the lower fixed loading platform has a loading surface and the loading surface of the lower fixed loading platform is a special-shaped surface whose shape is adapted to the metal plate.

[0023] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the loading surface of the upper fixed loading platform is provided with an upper positioning recess, and the upper positioning recess forms an upper loading platform positioning boss on the upper fixed loading platform. The upper positioning recess and the upper loading platform positioning boss are used to position the metal connection reinforcement structure, and the loading surface of the lower fixed loading platform is provided with a lower positioning recess, and the lower positioning recess forms a lower loading platform positioning boss on the lower fixed loading platform. The lower positioning recess and the lower loading platform positioning boss are used to position the metal plate.

[0024] The utility model also provides:

[0025] A welding device for metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite materials includes the fixed loading platform for the metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite materials, and also includes a laser welding device and a load applying mechanism used in conjunction with the fixed loading platform for the metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite materials. The fixed loading platform for the metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite materials is used to achieve fixed loading of the connection structure of the metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite materials. The laser welding device is used to achieve mutual welding connection of the metal connection reinforcement structure, the metal plate and the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material plate. The load applying mechanism is used to apply a preset load between the upper fixed loading platform and the lower fixed loading platform.

[0026] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, a matching robot is also included, and the robot is used to realize the automatic operation of the upper fixed loading platform, the lower fixed loading platform and the laser welding equipment.

[0027] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the manipulator includes a loading platform manipulator, and the loading platform manipulator includes an upper loading platform manipulator and a lower loading platform manipulator. The upper loading platform manipulator and the lower loading platform manipulator are respectively fixedly connected to the upper fixed loading platform and the lower fixed loading platform and are respectively used to drive the upper fixed loading platform and the lower fixed loading platform to move.

[0028] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the manipulator includes a laser welding equipment manipulator, the laser welding equipment manipulator includes a first laser welding equipment manipulator, a second laser welding equipment manipulator and a third laser welding equipment manipulator, the laser welding equipment includes a first laser welding equipment, a second laser welding equipment and a third laser welding equipment, the first laser welding equipment is installed on the first laser welding equipment manipulator, the second laser welding equipment is installed on the second laser welding equipment manipulator, the third laser welding equipment is installed on the third laser welding equipment manipulator, the first laser welding equipment manipulator is used to drive the first laser welding equipment to perform laser welding in the first welding cavity of the upper loading platform, the second laser welding equipment manipulator is used to drive the second laser welding equipment to perform laser welding in the second welding cavity of the upper loading platform, and the third laser welding equipment manipulator is used to drive the third laser welding equipment to perform laser welding in the first welding cavity of the lower loading platform.

[0029] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the load pressure applied by the load applying mechanism to the upper fixed loading platform and the lower fixed loading platform is adjustable, and the adjustment range of the load pressure is 1000N-5000N.

[0030] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, when the laser welding equipment performs welding work on the first welding surface of the metal connection reinforcement structure and the first area of ​​the metal plate welding surface of the metal plate, the power of the laser welding equipment is 4000-10000W and the scanning speed is 10-30mm / s.

[0031] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, when the laser welding equipment performs welding work on the second welding surface of the metal connection reinforcement structure and the first surface of the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material plate and the metal plate welding surface of the metal plate and the second surface of the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material plate, the power of the laser welding equipment is 60-150W, the frequency is 1000-2000Hz, the pulse width is 72ns, the wavelength is 1064nm, and the scanning speed is 2-20mm / s.

[0032] The utility model also provides:

[0033] A metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material welding process, using the metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material welding equipment to complete the welding work, includes the following steps:

[0034] Step 1: Positioning the components: pre-place the metal plate on the lower fixed loading platform. Using the lower fixed loading platform to define the position of the metal plate, align the upper fixed loading platform pre-installed with the metal connection reinforcement structure with the lower fixed loading platform. Pre-set a gap between the upper and lower fixed loading platforms. Place the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material plate in the gap between the upper and lower fixed loading platforms. Use the upper fixed loading platform to limit the metal connection reinforcement structure.

[0035] Step 2: Loading pressure. After positioning is completed, the upper and lower fixed loading platforms are loaded with pressure by the cylinder load applying mechanism to tightly press the metal connection reinforcement structure, the metal plate, and the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite plate 3.

[0036] Step 3: Laser welding: Set the laser welding process parameters for the metal connection reinforcement structure and the metal plate, and for the metal connection reinforcement structure, the metal plate and the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite plate, respectively. Use the robot-controlled laser welding equipment to perform welding at the specified speed and output power.

[0037] Step 4: Unloading. After the laser welding equipment completes the welding work, the upper fixed loading platform is unloaded and moved away, completing the reinforced connection between the metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material.

[0038] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the load pressure applied by the load applying mechanism to the upper fixed loading platform and the lower fixed loading platform is adjustable, and the adjustment range of the load pressure is 1000N-5000N.

[0039] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, when the laser welding equipment performs welding work on the first welding surface of the metal connection reinforcement structure and the first area of ​​the metal plate welding surface of the metal plate, the power of the laser welding equipment is 4000-10000W and the scanning speed is 10-30mm / s.

[0040] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, when the laser welding equipment performs welding work on the second welding surface of the metal connection reinforcement structure and the first surface of the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material plate and on the metal plate welding surface of the metal plate and the second surface of the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material plate, the power of the laser welding equipment is 60-150W, the frequency is 1000-2000Hz, the pulse width is 72ns, the wavelength is 1064nm, and the scanning speed is 2-20mm / s.

[0041] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, before the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material plate is placed in the gap between the upper fixed loading platform and the lower fixed loading platform, a polymer film is provided on the first surface and the second surface of the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material plate.

[0042] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention provides a metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material connection structure, a fixed loading platform, and a welding device. The metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material connection structure, the fixed loading platform, and the welding device realize metal connection reinforcement structures and the connection of metal plates and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite plates through the metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material connection structure, and the processing of the metal plate and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite plate connection structure is realized through the fixed loading platform and the welding device. The present invention has the following advantages:

[0043] 1. Improve the connection strength of metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite materials, improve the structural stability of the connector, and improve its failure resistance;

[0044] 2. Solve the problem of welding position accuracy and welding surface quality, and ensure the performance consistency of the joints of metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite materials;

[0045] 3. Based on the overall uniform pressurization of the upper and lower fixed loading platforms, the precise limitation of the welding area, the reasonable interface micro-groove texture and the laser welding process, the interface welding of metal and metal can be completed quickly; and it can achieve the reasonable discharge of air from the connection interface of metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material, and the effective squeezing of molten polymer matrix into the micro-groove gap, to obtain a high-performance double-sided connection reinforcement joint, thereby obtaining a connection reinforcement structure of metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material.

[0046] 4. The process is simple and has strong automated processability. The upper and lower fixed loading platforms have simple structures and are easy to prepare and replace, making them suitable for industrial mass production.

[0047] In summary, this type of metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite connection structure, fixed loading platform and welding equipment effectively solves the technical defects of existing metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite connection technology, such as insufficient connection strength, prone to connection failure, insufficient stability and reliability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0049] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the connection structure of metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material in the present invention;

[0050] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the metal connection reinforcement structure in the utility model;

[0051] Figure 3 It is a microstructural schematic diagram of the microgroove texture in the present invention;

[0052] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of a fixed loading platform of metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite materials in the present invention;

[0053] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the lower fixed loading platform in the utility model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] The following will clearly and completely describe the concept, specific structure and technical effects of the present invention in combination with the embodiments and drawings, so as to fully understand the purpose, characteristics and effects of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, other embodiments obtained by technical personnel in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. In addition, all the connection / connection relationships involved in the patent do not refer to the direct connection of components, but refer to the formation of a better connection structure by adding or reducing connection accessories according to the specific implementation situation. The various technical features in the creation of the present utility model can be combined interactively without conflicting with each other, refer to Figure 1-5 .

[0055] The inventor of the utility model discovered that for the laser connection technology of metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite materials, the high temperature and high pressure at the connection interface can improve the fluidity of the molten polymer matrix, thereby improving the filling of the surface micro-texture voids by the polymer material. However, the high temperature will cause residual internal stress in the metal and decomposition of the polymer material, resulting in an increase in interface pores and a decrease in the stability of the connection interface. Secondly, the uneven distribution of pressure will also lead to unevenness in the molten polymer material, reducing the consistency of the connection interface performance. Although the ultrasonic treatment, rolling ball pressurization and other processes disclosed in the relevant technology can improve the welding interface, it is still impossible to achieve pressure uniformity and controllability at the welding interface, but instead affect the quality consistency of the connector and increase the difficulty of operation. Most importantly, the above process cannot achieve a significant increase in the strength of the joint of metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite materials, nor can it improve the problem that the connector is susceptible to shear failure.

[0056] In order to solve the existing technical problems, the utility model provides: a connection structure of metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material.

[0057] Specific reference Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3A connection structure of metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material, comprising a metal connection reinforcement structure 1, a metal plate 2 and a carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material plate 3, wherein the metal connection reinforcement structure 1 is a Z-shaped structure, the Z-shaped structure forming a positioning step 13, a first welding surface 11 and a second welding surface 12 on the metal connection reinforcement structure 1, the metal plate 2 having a metal plate welding surface 21, the metal plate welding surface 21 having a first area and a second area, the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material plate 3 being positioned at the positioning step 13 of the metal connection reinforcement structure 1 and located between the metal connection reinforcement structure 1 and the metal plate 2, the first welding surface 11 of the metal connection reinforcement structure 1 being welded to the first area on the metal plate welding surface 21 of the metal plate 2, the second welding surface 12 of the metal connection reinforcement structure 1 being welded to the first surface of the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material plate 3, and the second area on the metal plate welding surface 21 of the metal plate 2 being welded to the second surface of the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material plate 3. The second welding surface 12 of the metal connection reinforcement structure 1 and the second area on the metal plate welding surface 21 of the metal plate 2 are both provided with a micro-groove texture 4 .

[0058] Most current connection technologies use single-sided lap joints, which are prone to shearing when subjected to stress, leading to rapid joint failure. The present invention utilizes a metal connection reinforcement structure 1 to simultaneously connect both sides of a carbon fiber thermoplastic composite plate 3 to metal, thereby changing the stress response of the metal-carbon fiber thermoplastic composite joint and better utilizing the interlocking effect of the surface micro-grooved texture 4 and the molten polymer material, significantly improving the joint strength.

[0059] Surface microtexturing can increase the surface area of ​​the joining interface. Therefore, the microgroove texture 4 can enhance the mechanical interlocking effect between the molten carbon fiber thermoplastic composite matrix and the metal. Furthermore, the microgrooves of the surface microtexture further enhance this mechanical interlocking effect. Due to the rapid temperature rise at the interface during laser joining, gases that were not expelled during pre-compression can accumulate into bubbles. These bubble defects reduce the density and continuity of the joining interface, negatively impacting the joint strength between the metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite. Therefore, effectively eliminating bubbles at the joining interface is crucial for further improving the joint strength between the metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite. Although the pre-set microgrooves can store some air, the rapid temperature rise of the metal during laser joining causes the air in the microgrooves to expand rapidly. The excess air is then expelled along the interconnected microgrooves. Subsequent cooling causes the air in the microgrooves to contract, facilitating both the intrusion of the molten polymer matrix into the microgrooves and the migration of interfacial gas into the microgrooves, improving joint strength.

[0060] In the embodiment, the pitch of the microgroove texture 4 on the second welding surface 12 and the second region on the metal plate welding surface 21 is 30-80 μm, the width is 10-50 μm, and the depth is 15-150 μm.

[0061] The microgroove texture on the metal surface is a near-communicating structure, compared with the single groove and convex microstructure, which is more conducive to the partial discharge of air under the pressure assistance in the laser welding process, thereby reducing the bubble in the connection interface and the filling extrusion of the molten polymer material matrix, and other auxiliary facilities are not required. Specifically, the microgroove is in the form of a continuous or semi-continuous near-rectangular, near-cylindrical, and wedge-like structure.

[0062] In some embodiments, the metal connection reinforcement structure 1 and the metal plate 2 are aluminum alloy or magnesium alloy, and the thickness is 2-8 mm.

[0063] In some embodiments, the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite plate 3 is one of continuous carbon fiber reinforced polyamide, polyaryletherketone, and polyimide, and the thickness of the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite plate 3 ranges from 2 mm to 8 mm.

[0064] In some embodiments, the step height of the positioning step 13 on the metal connection reinforcement structure 1 is the same as the thickness of the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite plate 3.

[0065] In some embodiments, the mutual welding connection between the metal connection reinforcement structure 1, the metal plate 2, and the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite plate 3 is achieved by laser welding.

[0066] In some embodiments, a polymer film 5 is arranged between the second welding surface 12 of the metal connection reinforcement structure 1 and the first surface of the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite plate 3, and between the second region of the metal plate welding surface 21 and the second surface of the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite plate 3.

[0067] Based on the above-mentioned metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite connection structure, the utility model further provides:

[0068] Referring to Figure 4 , Figure 5, a fixed loading platform for metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material, the fixed loading platform is used to realize the fixed loading of the connection structure of the metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material, which includes an upper fixed loading platform 61 and a lower fixed loading platform 62, wherein the upper fixed loading platform 61 is used to fix the metal connection reinforcement structure 1, and the lower fixed loading platform 62 is used to fix the metal plate 2, the upper fixed loading platform 61 is provided with an upper loading platform first welding cavity 611 and an upper loading platform second welding cavity 612, and the lower fixed loading platform 62 is provided with a lower loading platform first welding cavity 621, the upper loading platform first welding cavity 611 is used to weld the first welding surface 11 of the metal connection reinforcement structure 1 to the first area on the metal plate welding surface 21, the upper loading platform second welding cavity 612 is used to weld the second welding surface 12 of the metal connection reinforcement structure 1 to the first surface of the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material plate 3, and the lower loading platform first welding cavity 621 is used to weld the second area of ​​the metal plate welding surface 21 to the second surface of the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material plate 3.

[0069] The positions of the welding cavities of the upper and lower fixed loading platforms correspond to each other to ensure that the laser connection positions of the metal connection reinforcement structure 1 and the metal plate 2 with the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material plate 3 are symmetrical along the center to ensure welding quality.

[0070] An upper protective gas delivery pipeline is provided inside the upper fixed loading platform 61, and the upper protective gas delivery pipeline is connected to an external protective gas delivery source and communicates with the first welding chamber 611 and the second welding chamber 612 of the upper loading platform;

[0071] A lower shielding gas delivery pipeline is provided inside the lower fixed loading platform 62 . The lower shielding gas delivery pipeline is connected to an external shielding gas delivery source and communicates with the first welding cavity 621 of the lower loading platform.

[0072] Through the above structure, the upper loading platform first welding chamber 611, the upper loading platform second welding chamber 612 and the lower loading platform first welding chamber 621 form a protective gas storage chamber, which protects the processing surface, reduces oxidation and improves processing quality.

[0073] Existing laser joining technologies for metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composites mostly rely on simple pressure-loading methods. While these devices are simple, the applied pressure distribution is relatively uneven, leading to uneven distribution of the molten polymer matrix. While ultrasonic vibration and ball rolling can assist in regulating the distribution of the molten polymer matrix, their overall effectiveness is limited. Moreover, these auxiliary facilities inevitably increase the complexity of the laser joining equipment, which is very unfavorable for large-scale and automated production.

[0074] This application, based on the goal of controllable and highly uniform pressure loading, combines the joint shape of the strengthening connection structure with the design of upper and lower fixed loading platforms. This design allows for uniform distribution of pressure loads through full-width loading. Furthermore, the upper loading platform's first welding chamber 611, the upper loading platform's second welding chamber 612, and the lower loading platform's first welding chamber 621 can retain shielding gas to protect the laser processing surface. Furthermore, by regulating the shielding gas flow rate, the turbulent effect in the laser processing area can be altered, thereby regulating the cooling rate of the laser-scanned metal surface.

[0075] In some embodiments, the upper fixed loading platform 61 has a loading surface and the loading surface of the upper fixed loading platform 61 is a special-shaped surface whose shape is adapted to the metal connection reinforcement structure 1, and the lower fixed loading platform 62 has a loading surface and the loading surface of the lower fixed loading platform 62 is a special-shaped surface whose shape is adapted to the metal plate 2.

[0076] The upper fixed loading platform 61 has an upper positioning recess on its loading surface, and an upper loading platform positioning boss 613 is formed on the upper fixed loading platform 61 at the upper positioning recess. The upper positioning recess and the upper loading platform positioning boss 613 are used to position the metal connection reinforcement structure 1. The lower fixed loading platform 62 has a lower positioning recess on its loading surface, and a lower loading platform positioning boss 623 is formed on the lower fixed loading platform 62 at the lower positioning recess. The lower positioning recess and the lower loading platform positioning boss 623 are used to position the metal plate 2.

[0077] The positioning and locking structures of the upper fixed loading platform 61 and the lower fixed loading platform 62, including the upper positioning recess, upper loading platform locking protrusion 613, lower positioning recess, and lower loading platform locking protrusion 623, effectively define the positions of the metal connection reinforcement structure 1, the metal plate 2, and the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite plate 3, improving processing efficiency and accuracy. Specifically, the upper loading platform locking protrusion 613 and the lower loading platform locking protrusion 623 are located on the same vertical plane.

[0078] In some other embodiments, a negative pressure adsorption system can be further provided inside the upper fixed loading platform 61 and the lower fixed loading platform 62. The negative pressure adsorption system can more conveniently and stably adsorb the metal connection reinforcement structure 1 and the metal plate 2, thereby improving reliability and efficiency.

[0079] Based on the above-mentioned connection structure of metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material and the fixed loading platform of metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material, the utility model further provides:

[0080] A welding device for metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite materials, including the fixed loading platform for the metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite materials, and also including a laser welding device and a load applying mechanism used in conjunction therewith. The fixed loading platform for the metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite materials is used to achieve the fixed loading work of the connection structure of the metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite materials. The laser welding device is used to achieve the mutual welding connection of the metal connection reinforcement structure 1, the metal plate 2 and the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material plate 3. The load applying mechanism is used to apply a preset load between the upper fixed loading platform 61 and the lower fixed loading platform 62.

[0081] The laser welding system also includes a matching robot for automatically operating the upper and lower fixed loading platforms 61 and 62, as well as the laser welding equipment. The robot includes a loading platform robot, which includes an upper loading platform robot and a lower loading platform robot. The upper loading platform robot and the lower loading platform robot are fixedly connected to the upper and lower fixed loading platforms 61 and 62, respectively, and are used to drive the upper and lower fixed loading platforms 61 and 62, respectively. The manipulator includes a laser welding equipment manipulator, and the laser welding equipment manipulator includes a first laser welding equipment manipulator, a second laser welding equipment manipulator and a third laser welding equipment manipulator. The laser welding equipment includes a first laser welding equipment, a second laser welding equipment and a third laser welding equipment. The first laser welding equipment is installed on the first laser welding equipment manipulator, the second laser welding equipment is installed on the second laser welding equipment manipulator, and the third laser welding equipment is installed on the third laser welding equipment manipulator. The first laser welding equipment manipulator is used to drive the first laser welding equipment to perform laser welding in the first welding cavity 611 of the upper loading platform, the second laser welding equipment manipulator is used to drive the second laser welding equipment to perform laser welding in the second welding cavity 612 of the upper loading platform, and the third laser welding equipment manipulator is used to drive the third laser welding equipment to perform laser welding in the first welding cavity 621 of the lower loading platform.

[0082] Preferably, the load pressure applied by the load applying mechanism to the upper fixed loading platform 61 and the lower fixed loading platform 62 is adjustable, and the adjustment range of the load pressure is 1000N-5000N.

[0083] Preferably, when the laser welding equipment is performing welding operations between the first welding surface 11 of the metal connection reinforcement structure 1 and the first region of the metal plate welding surface 21 of the metal plate 2, the power of the laser welding equipment is 4000-10000 W, and the scanning speed is 10-30 mm / s. When the laser welding equipment is performing welding operations between the second welding surface 12 of the metal connection reinforcement structure 1 and the first surface of the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material plate 3, and between the metal plate welding surface 21 of the metal plate 2 and the second surface of the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material plate 3, the power of the laser welding equipment is 60-150 W, the frequency is 1000-2000 Hz, the pulse width is 72 ns, the wavelength is 1064 nm, and the scanning speed is 2-20 mm / s.

[0084] In addition, the fluidity of the matrix of carbon fiber thermoplastic composites after melting is affected by the overall factors such as laser energy, pressure load, pressure uniformity, scanning speed and route. When the laser output energy and laser scanning speed are unreasonable, the molten polymer matrix material with too high or too low fluidity will cause insufficient filling of the microgrooves. Unreasonable and uneven pressure loads can also lead to insufficient filling of the microgrooves by the molten molecular matrix material. By regulating the laser output energy, pressure load, laser scanning speed and route, the melting state of the matrix polymer material of the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite can be better controlled to obtain a more ideal interface effect.

[0085] A metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material welding process uses the metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material welding equipment to complete the welding work.

[0086] The following steps are involved:

[0087] Step 1: Positioning the components: Pre-place the metal plate 2 on the lower fixed loading platform 61. Using the lower fixed loading platform 61 to define the position of the metal plate 2, align the upper fixed loading platform 61, which is pre-installed with the metal connection reinforcement structure 1, with the lower fixed loading platform 62. A gap is preset between the upper fixed loading platform 61 and the lower fixed loading platform 62. Place the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material plate 3 in the gap between the upper fixed loading platform 61 and the lower fixed loading platform 62. The upper fixed loading platform 61 limits the position of the metal connection reinforcement structure 1.

[0088] Before the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material plate 3 is placed in the gap between the upper fixed loading platform 61 and the lower fixed loading platform 62 , a polymer film 5 is provided on the first surface and the second surface of the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material plate 3 .

[0089] Step 2: Applying pressure. After positioning is completed, the upper fixed loading platform 61 and the lower fixed loading platform 62 are applied with pressure by the cylinder load applying mechanism to tightly press the metal connection reinforcement structure 1, the metal plate 2, and the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite plate 3.

[0090] Step 3: Laser welding: laser welding process parameters are set for the metal connection reinforcement structure 1 and the metal plate 2, and for the metal connection reinforcement structure 1, the metal plate 2, and the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite plate 3, respectively. The laser welding equipment controlled by the robot performs welding at a specified speed and output power.

[0091] Step 4: Unloading: After the laser welding equipment completes the welding work, the upper fixed loading platform 61 is unloaded and moved away, completing the reinforced connection between the metal and the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material.

[0092] During the laser joining process, the pressure load remains stable. The heat generated by the laser scanning promotes the melting of the polymer film and the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite matrix, causing the molten polymer to flow and fill the microgrooved texture, thereby forming an interfacial chimeric structure between the metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite and eliminating interfacial air bubbles. After the laser joining is completed, the pressure is maintained until the metal temperature drops below 50°C, thereby stabilizing the metal-carbon fiber thermoplastic composite interface.

[0093] Preferably, the load pressure applied by the load applying mechanism to the upper fixed loading platform 61 and the lower fixed loading platform 62 is adjustable, and the adjustment range of the load pressure is 1000N-5000N.

[0094] Preferably, when the laser welding equipment is performing welding operations between the first welding surface 11 of the metal connection reinforcement structure 1 and the first region of the metal plate welding surface 21 of the metal plate 2, the power of the laser welding equipment is 4000-10000 W, and the scanning speed is 10-30 mm / s. When the laser welding equipment is performing welding operations between the second welding surface 12 of the metal connection reinforcement structure 1 and the first surface of the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material plate 3, and between the metal plate welding surface 21 of the metal plate 2 and the second surface of the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material plate 3, the power of the laser welding equipment is 60-150 W, the frequency is 1000-2000 Hz, the pulse width is 72 ns, the wavelength is 1064 nm, and the scanning speed is 2-20 mm / s.

[0095] In addition, the fluidity of the matrix of carbon fiber thermoplastic composites after melting is affected by the overall factors such as laser energy, pressure load, pressure uniformity, scanning speed and route. When the laser output energy and laser scanning speed are unreasonable, the molten polymer matrix material with too high or too low fluidity will cause insufficient filling of the microgrooves. Unreasonable and uneven pressure loads can also lead to insufficient filling of the microgrooves by the molten molecular matrix material. By regulating the laser output energy, pressure load, laser scanning speed and route, the melting state of the matrix polymer material of the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite can be better controlled to obtain a more ideal interface effect.

[0096] Example 1:

[0097] like Figure 1 As shown, the surface where the metal connection reinforcement structure 1 and the metal plate 2 are connected to the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material plate is pre-set with a micro-groove texture array. The micro-grooves are nearly rectangular structures with a spacing of 70 μm, a width of 10 μm, and a depth of 20 μm.

[0098] The metal connection reinforcement structure 1 and the metal plate 2 are made of AZ31B magnesium alloy with a thickness of 3 mm, and the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material plate 3 is made of long continuous carbon fiber reinforced polyaryletherketone with a thickness of 3 mm.

[0099] The metal plate 2 is first placed on the lower fixed loading platform 62, where its position is defined by the lower loading platform's locking bosses 623. The metal connection reinforcement structure 1 is pre-placed in the positioning recess of the upper fixed loading platform 61, where its position is defined by the upper loading platform's locking bosses 613 and secured using suction grippers. The upper fixed loading platform 61, carrying the metal connection reinforcement structure 1, and the lower fixed loading platform 62, carrying the metal plate 2, are pre-aligned. The carbon fiber thermoplastic composite plate 3, with the polymer film 5 attached, is placed between the metal connection reinforcement structure 1 and the metal plate 2, where its position is defined by the metal connection reinforcement structure 1's positioning steps 13.

[0100] The upper and lower fixed loading platforms apply pressure loads through the manipulator, and the fiber laser, with the assistance of the manipulator, processes the upper loading platform metal first welding cavity 611, the upper loading platform second welding cavity 612 and the lower loading platform first welding cavity 621 according to the preset welding process.

[0101] Example 2:

[0102] In step 1, the metal surface is cleaned with alcohol. A pulsed fiber laser is then used to create a pre-defined microgroove texture 4 on the metal joint reinforcement structure 1 and the surface where the metal plate 2 and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite plate 3 are connected. The metal joint reinforcement structure 1 is pre-positioned on the retaining structure of the upper fixed loading platform 61, and the metal plate 2 is placed at the predetermined position on the lower fixed loading platform 62. The upper fixed loading platform 61 is moved to the predetermined position and aligned with the lower fixed loading platform 62, leaving a gap of 1-2 mm. The carbon fiber thermoplastic composite plate 3, with the polymer film 5 attached, is then pushed into the gap between the upper and lower fixed loading platforms and positioned using the positioning steps 13 of the metal joint reinforcement structure 1.

[0103] Step 2: After the components are positioned, the upper and lower loading platforms are fixed with a pressure of 1200 N. Shielding gas is introduced into the upper loading platform's first welding chamber 611, the upper loading platform's second welding chamber 612, and the lower loading platform's first welding chamber 621, with the airflow rate set as needed.

[0104] Step 3: Set the laser process parameters: the laser output power for metal-to-metal welding is 6000W, and the scanning speed is 15mm / s; the laser output power for metal-to-carbon fiber thermoplastic composite welding is 100W, the frequency is 1000Hz, the pulse width is 72ns, the wavelength is 1064nm, and the scanning speed is 3mm / s.

[0105] The metal material used in this embodiment is AZ31B magnesium alloy with a thickness of 3mm. The carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material is a long continuous carbon fiber reinforced polyaryletherketone with a thickness of 3mm. The metal surface microgroove texture is processed by nanosecond laser. The metal surface microgroove texture is a nearly rectangular structure with a spacing of 70μm, a width of 10μm, and a depth of 20μm ( Figure 4 and Figure 5 shown).

[0106] This embodiment utilizes the orderly scanning of the laser, combined with the uniform pressure-maintaining effect and the interconnected micro-groove texture to achieve the escape of thermally expanded air, eliminate the generation of bubbles, and promote the filling of the micro-groove structure by the molten polymer matrix, thereby forming a dense metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite connection interface and a deep interlocking structure. The double-sided reinforced connection structure of the metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite after laser connection will have higher performance ( Figure 3 shown).

[0107] The performance improvement differs from the present embodiment in that a reinforced connection structure achieves a double-sided reinforced connection between the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite and the metal, and changes the stress distribution characteristics of the connector when subjected to force. This facilitates the use of the interlocking structure formed by the microgroove texture and the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite, significantly improving the strength of the metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite. Upper and lower fixed loading platforms can better distribute the pressure at the interface between the metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite, while the interconnected microgroove texture facilitates the escape of thermally expanded air. These features expand the process parameter range of laser joining, simplify process control requirements, and improve laser joining quality. Furthermore, the upper and lower fixed loading platforms can be combined with a robotic arm to achieve efficient, automated processing of metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composites, facilitating large-scale production.

[0108] The above is a specific description of the preferred implementation of the present invention, but the invention of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make various equivalent modifications or substitutions without violating the spirit of the present invention. These equivalent modifications or substitutions are all included in the scope defined by the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A connection structure of metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material, characterized by: The invention comprises a metal connection reinforcement structure (1), a metal plate (2) and a carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material plate (3), wherein the metal connection reinforcement structure (1) is a Z-shaped structure, the Z-shaped structure forms a positioning step (13), a first welding surface (11) and a second welding surface (12) on the metal connection reinforcement structure (1), the metal plate (2) has a metal plate welding surface (21), the metal plate welding surface (21) has a first area and a second area, and the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material plate (3) is positioned at the positioning step of the metal connection reinforcement structure (1). The step (13) is located between the metal connection reinforcement structure (1) and the metal plate (2), the first welding surface (11) of the metal connection reinforcement structure (1) is welded to the first area on the metal plate welding surface (21) of the metal plate (2), the second welding surface (12) of the metal connection reinforcement structure (1) is welded to the first surface of the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material plate (3), and the second area on the metal plate welding surface (21) of the metal plate (2) is welded to the second surface of the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material plate (3).

2. The connection structure of metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second welding surface (12) of the metal connection reinforcement structure (1) and the second area on the metal plate welding surface (21) of the metal plate (2) are both provided with a micro-groove texture (4); The micro-groove texture (4) on the second welding surface (12) and the second region on the metal plate welding surface (21) has a spacing of 30-80 μm, a width of 10-50 μm, and a depth of 15-150 μm; The metal connection reinforcement structure (1) and the metal plate (2) are made of aluminum alloy or magnesium alloy, and have a thickness of 2-8 mm; The carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material plate (3) is one of polyamide, polyaryletherketone, and polyimide reinforced with continuous carbon fibers, and the thickness of the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material plate (3) ranges from 2 to 8 mm; The step height of the positioning step (13) on the metal connection reinforcement structure (1) is the same as the thickness of the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material plate (3).

3. A connection structure of metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that: The mutual welding connection between the metal connection reinforcement structure (1), the metal plate (2) and the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material plate (3) is achieved by laser welding; A polymer film (5) is provided between the second welding surface (12) of the metal connection reinforcement structure (1) and the first surface of the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material plate (3), and between the second region of the metal plate welding surface (21) and the second surface of the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material plate (3).

4. A fixed loading platform of metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material, characterized by: The fixed loading platform is used to realize the fixed loading of the connection structure of the metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, and comprises an upper fixed loading platform (61) and a lower fixed loading platform (62), wherein the upper fixed loading platform (61) is used to fix the metal connection reinforcement structure (1), and the lower fixed loading platform (62) is used to fix the metal plate (2), and the upper fixed loading platform (61) is provided with an upper loading platform first welding cavity (611) and an upper loading platform second welding cavity (612), and the lower fixed loading platform (62) is provided with a lower loading platform first welding cavity (621). 1), the first welding cavity (611) of the upper loading platform is used to perform welding work on the first welding surface (11) of the metal connection reinforcement structure (1) and the first area on the metal plate welding surface (21), the second welding cavity (612) of the upper loading platform is used to perform welding work on the second welding surface (12) of the metal connection reinforcement structure (1) and the first surface of the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material plate (3), and the first welding cavity (621) of the lower loading platform is used to perform welding work on the second area of ​​the metal plate welding surface (21) and the second surface of the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material plate (3).

5. The fixed loading platform of metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material according to claim 4, characterized in that: An upper protective gas delivery pipeline is provided inside the upper fixed loading platform (61), and the upper protective gas delivery pipeline is connected to an external protective gas delivery source and communicates with the first welding chamber (611) of the upper loading platform and the second welding chamber (612) of the upper loading platform; A lower protective gas delivery pipeline is provided inside the lower fixed loading platform (62), and the lower protective gas delivery pipeline is connected to an external protective gas delivery source and communicates with the first welding chamber (621) of the lower loading platform.

6. The fixed loading platform of metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material according to claim 4, characterized in that: The upper fixed loading platform (61) has a loading surface, and the loading surface of the upper fixed loading platform (61) is a special-shaped surface whose shape is adapted to the metal connection reinforcement structure (1); the lower fixed loading platform (62) has a loading surface, and the loading surface of the lower fixed loading platform (62) is a special-shaped surface whose shape is adapted to the metal plate (2); The upper fixed loading platform (61) has an upper positioning recess on its loading surface, and the upper positioning recess forms an upper loading platform positioning boss (613) on the upper fixed loading platform (61). The upper positioning recess and the upper loading platform positioning boss (613) are used to position the metal connection reinforcement structure (1). The lower fixed loading platform (62) has a lower positioning recess on its loading surface, and the lower positioning recess forms a lower loading platform positioning boss (623) on the lower fixed loading platform (62). The lower positioning recess and the lower loading platform positioning boss (623) are used to position the metal plate (2).

7. A welding device for metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite materials, characterized by: The invention comprises a fixed loading platform of metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material as described in any one of claims 4 to 6, and also comprises a laser welding device and a load applying mechanism used in conjunction therewith, wherein the fixed loading platform of metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material is used to realize the fixed loading work of the connection structure of metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, the laser welding device is used to realize the mutual welding connection of the metal connection reinforcement structure (1), the metal plate (2) and the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite plate (3), and the load applying mechanism is used to apply a preset load between the upper fixed loading platform (61) and the lower fixed loading platform (62).

8. The welding equipment for metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite materials according to claim 7, characterized in that: It also includes a matching manipulator, which is used to realize the automatic operation of the upper fixed loading platform (61), the lower fixed loading platform (62) and the laser welding equipment.

9. The welding equipment for metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite materials according to claim 8, characterized in that: The manipulator includes a loading platform manipulator, and the loading platform manipulator includes an upper loading platform manipulator and a lower loading platform manipulator, wherein the upper loading platform manipulator and the lower loading platform manipulator are respectively fixedly connected to the upper fixed loading platform (61) and the lower fixed loading platform (62) and are respectively used to drive the upper fixed loading platform (61) and the lower fixed loading platform (62) to move; The manipulator includes a laser welding equipment manipulator, the laser welding equipment manipulator includes a first laser welding equipment manipulator, a second laser welding equipment manipulator and a third laser welding equipment manipulator, the laser welding equipment includes a first laser welding equipment, a second laser welding equipment and a third laser welding equipment, the first laser welding equipment is installed on the first laser welding equipment manipulator, the second laser welding equipment is installed on the second laser welding equipment manipulator, and the third laser welding equipment is installed on the third laser welding equipment manipulator, the first laser welding equipment manipulator is used to drive the first laser welding equipment to perform laser welding in the first welding cavity (611) of the upper loading platform, the second laser welding equipment manipulator is used to drive the second laser welding equipment to perform laser welding in the second welding cavity (612) of the upper loading platform, and the third laser welding equipment manipulator is used to drive the third laser welding equipment to perform laser welding in the first welding cavity (621) of the lower loading platform.

10. The welding equipment for metal and carbon fiber thermoplastic composite materials according to claim 7, characterized in that: The load pressure applied by the load applying mechanism to the upper fixed loading platform (61) and the lower fixed loading platform (62) is adjustable, and the load pressure adjustment range is 1000N-5000N; When the laser welding equipment performs welding work on the first welding surface (11) of the metal connection reinforcement structure (1) and the first area of ​​the metal plate welding surface (21) of the metal plate (2), the power of the laser welding equipment is 4000-10000W and the scanning speed is 10-30mm / s; When the laser welding equipment performs welding operations between the second welding surface (12) of the metal connection reinforcement structure (1) and the first surface of the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material plate (3) and between the metal plate welding surface (21) of the metal plate (2) and the second surface of the carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material plate (3), the power of the laser welding equipment is 60-150W, the frequency is 1000-2000Hz, the pulse width is 72ns, the wavelength is 1064nm, and the scanning speed is 2-20mm / s.

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