Separated cutter shield tunneling machine for ultra-deep vertical shaft tunneling

Abstract

The utility model discloses a separated cutter head shield tunneling machine for ultra-deep vertical shaft tunneling, which comprises a cutter head assembly, a telescopic assembly, an annular cutter head driving assembly, a central cutter head driving assembly and a shield, and the annular cutter head driving assembly and the central cutter head driving assembly are both arranged in the shield. The telescopic assembly is installed on the annular cutter head driving assembly and connected with the cutter head assembly, and the center cutter head driving assembly is connected with the cutter head assembly; the cutterhead assembly comprises an arc-shaped block cutterhead and a central cutterhead, and the central cutterhead comprises a central circular cutterhead and a fan-shaped cutterhead; the telescopic assembly drives the arc-shaped block cutterhead to do lifting motion, the annular cutterhead driving assembly drives the telescopic assembly to do rotating motion, and the center cutterhead driving assembly drives the center cutterhead to do rotating motion. The arc-shaped block cutterhead shield has the advantages that the arc-shaped block cutterhead shield is adopted to form the annular pilot tunnel in the hard rock vertical shaft tunneling process, a presplitting face is provided for drilling and blasting excavation of a large-diameter hard rock vertical shaft, a blasting free face is added, over-excavation and under-excavation are accurately controlled and eliminated, and cost can be saved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of ultra-deep shaft excavation equipment, in particular to a separate cutterhead shield machine for ultra-deep shaft excavation. Background Art

[0002] Major cities have built vertical shaft parking garages to alleviate parking difficulties, underground water storage tanks to regulate flooding and recycle water resources, vertical shafts for underground energy storage and energy storage, and ventilation shafts in mountain tunnels. Vertical shaft construction methods include manual excavation, semi-mechanical excavation, and mechanical excavation. Shield tunneling is widely used due to its advantages such as high excavation speed, high safety, and minimal impact on the surrounding environment.

[0003] The mechanized construction of large-diameter, ultra-deep vertical shafts has always been a challenge in the underground engineering field. Currently, manual excavation is mostly used for vertical shaft construction. After the shaft is built on the ground, it is lowered as it is excavated. The construction speed is slow, and the shaft is prone to deflection, poor sinking, and the need to add sinking aids during sinking. In recent years, with the development of science and technology, some mechanized construction equipment has gradually emerged, but it has problems such as low mechanization, slow slag discharge speed affecting construction progress, severe tool wear and frequent tool changes. Especially in the construction of ultra-deep vertical shafts, the complex strata make it impossible to fully utilize the advantages of shield tunneling, such as high safety, low impact on the surrounding environment, and high efficiency of drilling and blasting for hard rock excavation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this utility model is to provide a split cutterhead shield machine for ultra-deep shaft excavation in light of the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art. The split cutterhead shield machine is composed of a cutterhead assembly, a telescopic assembly, an annular cutterhead drive assembly, a central cutterhead drive assembly, and a shield. The annular cutterhead drive assembly and the central cutterhead drive assembly are both arranged in the shield. The telescopic assembly is mounted on the annular cutterhead drive assembly and connected to the cutterhead assembly. The central cutterhead drive assembly is connected to the cutterhead assembly. The cutterhead assembly includes an arc block cutterhead and a central cutterhead. The telescopic assembly drives the arc block cutterhead to perform lifting and lowering movements, the annular cutterhead drive assembly drives the telescopic assembly to perform rotational movements, and the central cutterhead drive assembly drives the central cutterhead to perform rotational movements. In the process of hard rock shaft excavation, an arc block cutterhead shield is used to form an annular guide tunnel, providing a pre-crack surface and increasing the blasting free surface for large-diameter hard rock shaft drilling and blasting excavation. This not only achieves precise control to eliminate over-excavation and under-excavation, but also reduces the number of blasting cartridges and saves costs.

[0005] The purpose of this utility model is achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0006] A separate cutterhead shield machine for ultra-deep shaft excavation, the separate cutterhead shield machine includes a cutterhead assembly, a telescopic assembly, an annular cutterhead drive assembly, a central cutterhead drive assembly and a shield, the annular cutterhead drive assembly and the central cutterhead drive assembly are both arranged in the shield, the telescopic assembly is mounted on the annular cutterhead drive assembly and connected to the cutterhead assembly, the central cutterhead drive assembly is connected to the cutterhead assembly; the cutterhead assembly includes an arc block cutterhead and a central cutterhead, the arc block cutterhead is arranged on the outer side of the central cutterhead, a plurality of arc block cutterheads are arranged along the circumference, the central cutterhead includes a central circular cutterhead and a fan-shaped cutterhead, a plurality of fan-shaped cutterheads are arranged along the circumference of the central circular cutterhead, and slag inlets are formed between adjacent arc block cutterheads and between adjacent fan-shaped cutterheads; the telescopic assembly drives the arc block cutterhead to perform lifting and lowering movements, the annular cutterhead drive assembly drives the telescopic assembly to perform rotational movement, and the central cutterhead drive assembly drives the central cutterhead to perform rotational movement.

[0007] The annular cutter head drive assembly includes a reaction frame, a planetary motor and a gear. A plurality of the planetary motors are arranged along the circumference of the reaction frame, and a gear is provided on the planetary motor shaft of the planetary motor.

[0008] The reaction frame consists of a fan-shaped support plate, a reaction plate, radial ribs and arc-shaped ribs. The reaction plate is circular. There are multiple fan-shaped support plates arranged along the circumference of the reaction plate. The radial ribs and the arc-shaped ribs are arranged along the radial direction and arc direction of the fan-shaped support plate respectively.

[0009] The telescopic assembly includes a hydraulic cylinder, a base and a ring gear. The ring gear and the hydraulic cylinder are respectively arranged on the upper and lower sides of the base. The ring gear is engaged with the gear of the drive assembly. The hydraulic cylinder is arranged in multiple groups along the circumference of the base and installed in a protective telescopic tube. The base of the hydraulic cylinder is fixed on the base, and the telescopic rod is connected to the arc block cutter disc. The lower side of the base is sequentially provided with a spiral slag discharge wall and a protective cover from the inside to the outside.

[0010] The center cutter disc drive assembly includes a cutter disc frame and a center cutter disc motor. The base of the center cutter disc motor is installed on the reaction frame. The center cutter disc motor shaft is connected to the fan-shaped cutter disc of the center cutter disc through the cutter disc frame. The center cutter disc motor drives the center cutter disc to rotate.

[0011] The cutter disc frame consists of a connecting disc and a support foot. The connecting disc is annular. The two sides of the connecting disc are respectively connected to the central cutter disc motor shaft of the central cutter disc motor and the support foot. The support foot is inclined and arranged in plurality along the circumference of the connecting disc. The support foot is connected to the fan-shaped cutter disc of the central cutter disc.

[0012] The cutter disc assembly also includes rollers and scrapers. A group of scrapers is provided on each of the arc-shaped block cutter disc's two sides, a group of rollers is provided in the middle of the arc-shaped block cutter disc, several groups of scrapers are provided on each of the arc-shaped block cutter disc's two sides, several groups of rollers are provided in the middle of the fan-shaped cutter disc, and several groups of rollers are provided on the center circle cutter disc.

[0013] The advantages of the utility model are:

[0014] (1) The split cutterhead shield machine can achieve continuous ultra-deep excavation in complex strata such as soil, rock and hard rock with the same equipment;

[0015] (2) During the excavation of hard rock shafts, an arc-shaped cutterhead shield is used to form an annular guide tunnel, which provides a pre-crack surface and increases the blasting surface for large-diameter hard rock shaft drilling and blasting. This not only achieves precise control to eliminate over-excavation and under-excavation, but also reduces the number of blasting cartridges and saves costs.

[0016] (3) Shield tunneling is highly safe but suffers from the problem of severe tool wear and high maintenance costs in hard rock formations. The drilling and blasting method is low-cost but less safe. Combining the advantages and disadvantages of the shield method and the drilling and blasting method, only arc-shaped block tools are used to form the pre-splitting surface of the vertical shaft and increase the blasting free surface, which reduces the number of tools and the length of use, reduces tool wear, and saves costs.

[0017] (4) Using a curved cutterhead shield machine to construct a vertical shaft can form temporary support around the shaft wall to ensure the safety of the shaft construction;

[0018] (5) The spiral slag discharge wall can use the rotation of the spiral structure to discharge the rock slag from the annular guide hole. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a separate cutterhead shield machine of the utility model;

[0020] Figure 2 for Figure 1 AA cross-section of

[0021] Figure 3 for Figure 1 BB cross-section diagram;

[0022] Figure 4 for Figure 1 CC cross-section diagram;

[0023] Figure 5 for Figure 1 DD profile;

[0024] Figure 6 for Figure 1 EE profile diagram;

[0025] Figure 7 for Figure 1 FF cross-section diagram;

[0026] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the utility model's split cutterhead shield machine performing full-section shield construction in rock and soil strata;

[0027] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the construction of a circular pilot tunnel in a hard rock formation using a separate cutterhead shield machine according to the utility model;

[0028] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the utility model blasting the core rock mass in a hard rock formation;

[0029] like Figures 1 to 10 As shown, the marks in the figure represent:

[0030] 1. Split cutterhead shield machine, 2. Deep formation, 3. Vertical shaft, 4. Blast hole, 5. Explosive coil;

[0031] 11. Cutterhead assembly, 12. Telescopic assembly, 13. Ring cutterhead drive assembly, 14. Center cutterhead drive assembly, 15. Shield;

[0032] 111. Arc block cutter disc, 112. Center cutter disc, 113. Hob cutter, 114. Scraper, 115. Slag inlet;

[0033] 121. Hydraulic cylinder, 122. Telescopic rod, 123. Protective telescopic tube, 124. Base, 125. Ring gear, 126. Spiral slag discharge wall, 127. Protective cover;

[0034] 131. Reaction frame, 132. Planetary motor, 133. Planetary motor shaft, 134. Gear,

[0035] 141. Cutterhead frame, 142. Center cutterhead motor, 143. Center cutterhead motor shaft;

[0036] 1411. Connecting plate, 1412. Support foot;

[0037] 1311. Fan-shaped support plate, 1312. Reaction plate, 1313. Radial rib plate, 1314. Arc-shaped rib plate;

[0038] 21. Rock and soil layer, 22. Hard rock formation, 23. Palm face, 24. Annular pilot tunnel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The following is a further detailed description of the features of the present invention and other related features through embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art:

[0040] Example: Figures 1 to 10As shown, this embodiment relates to a split cutterhead shield machine for ultra-deep shaft excavation, which is used for excavating a deep stratum 2 in a shaft 3, wherein the deep stratum 2 includes a rock and soil layer 21 and a hard rock layer 22 arranged in sequence from top to bottom. The split cutterhead shield machine 1 mainly includes a cutterhead assembly 11, a telescopic assembly 12, an annular cutterhead drive assembly 13, a central cutterhead drive assembly 14 and a shield 15. The annular cutterhead drive assembly 13 and the central cutterhead drive assembly 14 are both arranged in the shield. The telescopic assembly 12 is mounted on the annular cutterhead drive assembly 13 and connected to the cutterhead assembly 11. The central cutterhead drive assembly 14 is connected to the cutterhead assembly 11. The cutterhead assembly 11 includes an arc block cutterhead 111, a central cutterhead 112, a roller cutter 113 and a scraper 114. The arc block cutterhead 111 is arranged on the central cutterhead. On the outside of the disc 112, the arc block cutter disc 111 and the center cutter disc 112 are both equipped with a roller cutter 113 and a scraper 114. The telescopic assembly 12 drives the arc block cutter disc 111 to move up and down, the annular cutter disc drive assembly 13 drives the telescopic assembly 12 (arc block cutter disc 111) to rotate, and the center cutter disc drive assembly 14 drives the center cutter disc 112 to rotate. The arc block cutter disc 111 and the center cutter disc 112 are used to excavate the rock and soil layer 21, and the arc block cutter disc 111 is used to excavate the annular guide tunnel 24 on the tunnel face 23 of the hard rock formation 22.

[0041] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, there are six arc-shaped cutter discs 111 arranged along the circumference, and the center cutter disc 112 includes a center circle cutter disc and a sector cutter disc. There are six sector cutter discs arranged along the circumference of the center circle cutter disc. The arc-shaped cutter discs 111, the sector cutter discs and the center circle cutter disc are arranged concentrically. Slag inlets 115 are formed between adjacent arc-shaped cutter discs 111 and between adjacent sector cutter discs. A group of scrapers 114 is provided on each of the arc-shaped sides of the arc-shaped cutter disc 111, and a group of rollers 113 is provided in the middle of the arc-shaped cutter disc 111. Two groups of scrapers 114 are provided on each of the arc-shaped sides of the sector cutter disc, and two groups of rollers 113 are provided in the middle of the sector cutter disc. Two groups of rollers 113 are provided on the center circle cutter disc, and the two groups of rollers 113 of the center circle cutter disc are in a cross shape. The roller cutter 113 and the scraper 114 are used to excavate the deep stratum 2 , thereby forming rock slag, and the rock slag can enter the telescopic assembly 12 from the slag inlet 115 .

[0042] like Figures 1 to 7As shown, the telescopic assembly 12 includes a hydraulic cylinder 121, a base 124, and a ring gear 125. The base 124 is annular, and the ring gear 125 and the hydraulic cylinder 121 are respectively located on the upper and lower sides of the base 124. Six groups of hydraulic cylinders 121 are arranged along the circumference of the base 124 and are installed in a protective telescopic tube 123. Each group of hydraulic cylinders 121 includes two hydraulic cylinders 121. The ends of the protective telescopic tube 123 are respectively connected to the arc block cutter head 111 and the base 124 to protect the hydraulic cylinders 121. The base of the hydraulic cylinder 121 is fixed to the base 124, and the telescopic rod 122 is connected to the arc block cutter head 111. The hydraulic cylinder 121 drives the arc block cutter head 111 to move up and down through the telescopic rod 122. A spiral slag discharge wall 126 and a protective cover 127 are sequentially provided on the lower side of the base 124 from the inside to the outside. The protective cover 127 plays a protective role. The spiral structure of the spiral slag discharge wall 126 facilitates the discharge of rock slag from the annular guide hole 24.

[0043] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, the annular cutter disc drive assembly 13 includes a reaction frame 131, a planetary motor 132 and a gear 134. There are 6 planetary motors 132 arranged circumferentially along the reaction frame 131. A gear 134 is provided on the planetary motor shaft 133 of the planetary motor 132. The gear 134 of the drive assembly 13 is engaged with the annular gear 125 of the telescopic assembly 12. The planetary motor 132 drives the gear 134 to rotate to drive the annular gear 125 to rotate, thereby rotating the telescopic assembly 12, and further realizing the rotation of the arc block cutter disc 111. The reaction frame 131 consists of a fan-shaped support plate 1311, a reaction plate 1312, radial ribs 1313 and arc-shaped ribs 1314. The reaction plate 131 is circular, and there are 6 fan-shaped support plates 1311 arranged along the circumference of the reaction plate 1312, that is, 6 planetary motors 132 are respectively installed on 6 fan-shaped support plates 1311, and the radial ends of the fan-shaped support plate 1311 are respectively connected to the reaction plate 1312 and the shield 15. The radial ribs 1313 and the arc-shaped ribs 1314 are respectively arranged along the radial direction and arc direction of the fan-shaped support plate 1311 to strengthen the fan-shaped support plate 1311.

[0044] like Figures 1 to 7As shown, the center cutterhead drive assembly 14 includes a cutterhead frame 141 and a center cutterhead motor 142. The base of the center cutterhead motor 142 is mounted on the reaction frame 131 (reaction plate 1312). The center cutterhead motor shaft 143 is connected to the fan-shaped cutterhead of the center cutterhead 112 through the cutterhead frame 141. The center cutterhead motor 142 drives the center cutterhead 112 to rotate. The cutterhead frame 141 consists of a connecting disk 1411 and support feet 1412. The connecting disk 1411 is annular and is concentrically arranged with the base 124. The two sides of the connecting disk 1411 are connected to the center cutterhead motor shaft 143 and the support feet 1412 of the center cutterhead motor 142 respectively. The support feet 1412 are arranged at an angle and are arranged in six directions along the circumference of the connecting disk 1411. The support feet 1412 are connected to the fan-shaped cutterhead of the center cutterhead 112.

[0045] like Figures 1 to 10 As shown, this embodiment also provides an ultra-deep shaft shield and blasting integrated excavation method, which mainly includes the following steps:

[0046] S1: Excavating the rock and soil layer 21 in the shaft 3 using the split cutterhead shield machine 1 .

[0047] Among them, when excavating the rock and soil layer 21, the telescopic rod 122 of the telescopic assembly 12 is in the minimum stroke state, and the planetary motor 132 of the annular cutter disc drive assembly 13 and the central cutter disc motor 142 of the central cutter disc drive assembly 14 are started. The planetary motor 132 of the annular cutter disc drive assembly 13 and the central cutter disc motor 142 of the central cutter disc drive assembly 14 respectively drive the arc block cutter disc 111 and the central cutter disc 112 of the cutter disc assembly 11 to perform rotational excavation.

[0048] S2: using the split cutterhead shield machine 1 to excavate an annular pilot tunnel 24 on the tunnel face 23 of the hard rock stratum 22 in the shaft 3.

[0049] Among them, when excavating the hard rock formation 22, the central cutter disc motor 142 of the central cutter disc drive assembly 14 is turned off, the hydraulic cylinder 121 of the telescopic assembly 12 and the planetary motor 132 of the annular cutter disc drive assembly 13 are started, the hydraulic cylinder 121 of the telescopic assembly 12 drives the arc block cutter disc 111 to move downward, and the planetary motor 132 of the annular cutter disc drive assembly 13 drives the arc block cutter disc 111 to rotate.

[0050] S3: After the excavation of the annular guide tunnel 24 is completed, the telescopic rod 122 of the telescopic assembly 12 is in the maximum stroke state, and the hydraulic cylinder 121 of the telescopic assembly 12 and the planetary motor 132 of the annular cutter head drive assembly 13 are turned off.

[0051] S4: A blast hole 4 is opened on the unexcavated tunnel face 23 , and a charge roll 5 is installed in the blast hole 4 .

[0052] The blast holes 4 are arranged along the circumferential direction and radial direction of the unexcavated tunnel face 21 .

[0053] S5: Start the hydraulic cylinder 121 of the telescopic assembly 12, which drives the arc block cutter head 111 to move upward, so that the arc block cutter head 111 retreats to the tunnel face 23. At this time, the telescopic rod 122 of the telescopic assembly 12 is in the minimum stroke state.

[0054] S6: Detonating the explosive roll 5 and removing the rock debris generated after the explosive roll 5 is blasted.

[0055] S7: Repeat steps S2 to S6 to excavate the next tunnel face 23 until the excavation of the shaft 3 is completed.

[0056] The beneficial technical effects of this embodiment are:

[0057] (1) The split cutterhead shield machine can achieve continuous ultra-deep excavation in complex strata such as soil, rock and hard rock with the same equipment;

[0058] (2) During the excavation of hard rock shafts, an arc-shaped cutterhead shield is used to form an annular guide tunnel, which provides a pre-crack surface and increases the blasting surface for large-diameter hard rock shaft drilling and blasting. This not only achieves precise control to eliminate over-excavation and under-excavation, but also reduces the number of blasting cartridges and saves costs.

[0059] (3) Shield tunneling is highly safe but suffers from the problem of severe tool wear and high maintenance costs in hard rock formations. The drilling and blasting method is low-cost but less safe. Combining the advantages and disadvantages of the shield method and the drilling and blasting method, only arc-shaped block tools are used to form the pre-splitting surface of the vertical shaft and increase the blasting free surface, which reduces the number of tools and the length of use, reduces tool wear, and saves costs.

[0060] (4) Using a curved cutterhead shield machine to construct a vertical shaft can form temporary support around the shaft wall to ensure the safety of the shaft construction;

[0061] (5) The spiral slag discharge wall can use the rotation of the spiral structure to discharge the rock slag from the annular guide hole.

[0062] Although the above embodiments have described the concepts and embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, ordinary technicians in this field can recognize that various improvements and modifications can still be made to the present invention without departing from the scope of the claims, so they are not described here one by one.

Claims

1. A split cutterhead shield machine for ultra-deep shaft excavation, characterized by: The separate cutterhead shield machine includes a cutterhead assembly, a telescopic assembly, an annular cutterhead drive assembly, a central cutterhead drive assembly and a shield, the annular cutterhead drive assembly and the central cutterhead drive assembly are both arranged in the shield, the telescopic assembly is mounted on the annular cutterhead drive assembly and connected to the cutterhead assembly, and the central cutterhead drive assembly is connected to the cutterhead assembly; the cutterhead assembly includes an arc block cutterhead and a central cutterhead, the arc block cutterhead is arranged on the outside of the central cutterhead, and multiple arc block cutterheads are arranged along the circumference, the central cutterhead includes a central circular cutterhead and a fan-shaped cutterhead, and multiple fan-shaped cutterheads are arranged along the circumference of the central circular cutterhead, and slag inlets are formed between adjacent arc block cutterheads and between adjacent fan-shaped cutterheads; the telescopic assembly drives the arc block cutterhead to perform lifting movements, the annular cutterhead drive assembly drives the telescopic assembly to perform rotational movements, and the central cutterhead drive assembly drives the central cutterhead to perform rotational movements.

2. The split cutterhead shield machine for ultra-deep shaft excavation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The annular cutter head drive assembly includes a reaction frame, a planetary motor and a gear. A plurality of the planetary motors are arranged along the circumference of the reaction frame, and a gear is provided on the planetary motor shaft of the planetary motor.

3. The split cutterhead shield machine for ultra-deep shaft excavation according to claim 2, characterized in that: The reaction frame consists of a fan-shaped support plate, a reaction plate, radial ribs and arc-shaped ribs. The reaction plate is circular. There are multiple fan-shaped support plates arranged along the circumference of the reaction plate. The radial ribs and the arc-shaped ribs are arranged along the radial direction and arc direction of the fan-shaped support plate respectively.

4. The split cutterhead shield machine for ultra-deep shaft excavation according to claim 2, characterized in that: The telescopic assembly includes a hydraulic cylinder, a base and a ring gear. The ring gear and the hydraulic cylinder are respectively arranged on the upper and lower sides of the base. The ring gear is engaged with the gear of the drive assembly. The hydraulic cylinder is arranged in multiple groups along the circumference of the base and installed in a protective telescopic tube. The base of the hydraulic cylinder is fixed on the base, and the telescopic rod is connected to the arc block cutter disc. The lower side of the base is sequentially provided with a spiral slag discharge wall and a protective cover from the inside to the outside.

5. The split cutterhead shield machine for ultra-deep shaft excavation according to claim 2, characterized in that: The center cutter disc drive assembly includes a cutter disc frame and a center cutter disc motor. The base of the center cutter disc motor is installed on the reaction frame. The center cutter disc motor shaft is connected to the fan-shaped cutter disc of the center cutter disc through the cutter disc frame. The center cutter disc motor drives the center cutter disc to rotate.

6. The split cutterhead shield machine for ultra-deep shaft excavation according to claim 5, characterized in that: The cutter disc frame consists of a connecting disc and a support foot. The connecting disc is annular. The two sides of the connecting disc are respectively connected to the central cutter disc motor shaft of the central cutter disc motor and the support foot. The support foot is inclined and arranged in plurality along the circumference of the connecting disc. The support foot is connected to the fan-shaped cutter disc of the central cutter disc.

7. The split cutterhead shield machine for ultra-deep shaft excavation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cutter disc assembly also includes rollers and scrapers. A group of scrapers is provided on each of the arc-shaped block cutter disc's two sides, a group of rollers is provided in the middle of the arc-shaped block cutter disc, several groups of scrapers are provided on each of the arc-shaped block cutter disc's two sides, several groups of rollers are provided in the middle of the fan-shaped cutter disc, and several groups of rollers are provided on the center circle cutter disc.

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