Tractor rear wheel drive slip and traction performance testing device

Abstract

The utility model relates to a tractor rear wheel drive slip and traction performance testing device, which meets the slip state and traction performance test of a multi-horsepower rear wheel drive tractor, and comprises an inner frame, an outer frame, a soil bin, a driving system, a driving wheel, a horizontal resistance loading device and a data acquisition system, the vertical load is applied to the driving wheel through the weight on the weight support, the horizontal resistance is applied to the driving wheel through the horizontal resistance loading device, the theoretical speed and the actual speed of the driving wheel are measured through the encoder and the Doppler radar respectively, the slip state of the driving wheel is obtained, and the traction performance of the driving wheel is analyzed. The tractor rear wheel drive slip and traction performance testing device can respectively control the vertical load and the horizontal resistance borne by the driving wheels, and simulates the operation condition that the rear wheel drive tractor drags or suspends various agricultural implements. And analyzing the slip state and traction performance of the rear driving wheel under different soil conditions and load conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to a device for testing the slippage and traction performance of rear-wheel drive tractors of tractors, which meets the requirements for testing the slippage state and traction performance of rear-wheel drive tractors in multiple horsepower ranges. Background Art

[0002] In addition to air resistance and gravity, all forces and torques on a vehicle originate from its tires. When a tractor is performing heavy-duty operations such as plowing in the field, if the ground cannot provide the required driving force, the rear drive wheels will slip and sink, resulting in only 60% to 70% of the engine's power being used for traction. On soft soil, this power utilization can even drop to 50%. Therefore, understanding the drive wheel slip and traction performance is crucial for selecting the appropriate tractor-implement combination.

[0003] Plowing is the most basic and arduous task for agricultural tractors. The static load on the rear wheels of dryland rear-wheel-drive tractors accounts for 60% to 65% of their total weight. Plowing with a suspended plow also places added weight on the rear drive wheels, causing the tangential traction required by the tractor to easily exceed the ground's available adhesion, leading to severe rear drive wheel slip. Current tractor drive wheel testing devices typically test tire deformation in a stationary state, failing to account for the tractor's rearward load on the wheel shaft. This fails to reflect the actual state of the rear drive wheel during tractor operation, hindering in-depth research on the tire-soil interaction mechanism during rear drive wheel slip. Furthermore, the widely used trailer test rigs mount the test tires on a trailer platform, which lacks inherent driving force and cannot be used as drive wheels for testing. Therefore, a device is needed that can effectively simulate the state of the rear drive wheel during actual tractor operation and conduct slip and traction performance testing.

[0004] Conventional tractor drive wheel slip and traction performance test devices mostly use fixed loading mechanisms or require field tests, which are labor-intensive and costly. The indoor soil trough test device used in this utility model has the following advantages:

[0005] First, the soil trough test is not restricted by the external natural environment, and the test conditions and test parameters can be controlled, so that the test can be carried out under a variety of combined working conditions; second, the soil trough test has good comparability and repeatability; third, it can shorten the test cycle, speed up the research progress, and save research costs. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to solve the problems in the above-mentioned background technology, the utility model provides a tractor rear wheel drive slip and traction performance testing device, which can test the slip and traction performance of the tractor drive wheel in a soil trough. By controlling the vertical load and horizontal resistance applied to the drive wheel respectively, various combined working conditions of the tractor are simulated. Combined with soil parameters, the tire-soil interaction mechanism when the tractor rear drive wheel slips can also be explored, providing a theoretical basis for improving the tractor's traction performance.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the utility model provides a tractor rear wheel drive slip and traction performance testing device, comprising an inner frame, an outer frame, a soil trough, a drive system, a driving wheel, a horizontal resistance loading device, and a data acquisition system, wherein the inner frame comprises a first guide rail, a weight bracket, a traction ring and a bearing seat, the outer frame and the inner frame are connected to the first guide rail and the first guide rail slider through the first guide rail and can slide up and down along the first guide rail, the weight bracket is placed with a weight to apply a vertical load to the driving wheel, the horizontal resistance loading device applies horizontal resistance to the inner frame through the traction ring, the driving wheel is supported and fixed on the bearing seat to bear the vertical load and horizontal resistance on the inner frame; the outer frame comprises a horizontal limiting wheel, two horizontal guide rails are provided on the inner wall of the soil trough, the horizontal limiting wheel slides in the horizontal guide rails of the soil trough and is used to guide the test device to move straight; the horizontal resistance loading device comprises a wire rope and a traction hook, and the horizontal resistance on the wire rope is applied to the traction ring through the traction hook.

[0008] Preferably, four first guide rails and four second guide rail sliders are fixedly mounted on the inner frame. The first guide rails cooperate with the first guide rail sliders fixedly mounted on the outer frame to allow the drive wheel to float up and down with the undulations of the ground. The second guide rail sliders cooperate with the second guide rails on the outer frame to make the traction ring height adjustable, thereby varying the height at which the horizontal resistance is applied.

[0009] Preferably, the outer frame includes a motor frame plate and four load-bearing casters, two driving motors are fixedly mounted on the motor frame plate by bolt connection, and the load-bearing casters are fixedly mounted on the bottom of the outer frame to support the outer frame to reciprocate on the side wall of the soil trough.

[0010] Preferably, the driving motor, driving sprocket, three-row chain, driven sprocket, bearing and bearing seat of the driving system are all arranged symmetrically with respect to the maximum diameter plane of the driving wheel.

[0011] Preferably, the driving motor drives the wheels through a driving sprocket, a three-row chain, a driven sprocket and a wheel axle.

[0012] Preferably, the horizontal resistance loading device further comprises a traction machine, a pulley block and a pulley block hanger, the traction machine is fixedly installed in front of the soil tank, the pulley block is hung on the pulley block hanger through a hook and moves forward with the rack, and the pulley block is used for converting the pulling force output by the traction machine into the horizontal resistance applied to the inner rack.

[0013] Preferably, the data acquisition system comprises a vibrating wire soil pressure cell, a wireless tire pressure monitor, an S-shaped tension sensor, an encoder, a Doppler radar, a soil compaction meter and a soil moisture detector.

[0014] Preferably, the vibrating wire soil pressure cell is used for detecting soil stress under the driving wheel, the wireless tire pressure monitor is used for detecting driving wheel tire pressure, the S-shaped tension sensor is used for detecting the applied horizontal resistance, the strain gauge is used for measuring the torque on the wheel shaft, the full-bridge circuit composed of the strain gauge is used for measuring the component moments in two vertical directions in the coordinate system rotating with the driving wheel, so as to calculate the load on the shaft, the encoder is installed on the wheel shaft through a shaft coupling and is used for measuring the theoretical speed of the driving wheel, the Doppler radar is installed on the outer rack and is used for measuring the actual speed of the driving wheel, the soil compaction meter is used for measuring the soil compaction of the test area, and the soil moisture detector is used for measuring the soil moisture content of the test area.

[0015] Therefore, the tractor rear wheel driving slip and traction performance test device has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] (1) The tractor rear wheel driving slip and traction performance test device can control the vertical load and the horizontal resistance received by the driving wheel respectively, and simulate the operation conditions of the tractor in traction or suspension of various agricultural machines.

[0017] (2) The driving wheel can float up and down along with the ground shape in the test process, which is helpful to simulate the real road conditions.

[0018] (3) The tractor rear wheel driving slip and traction performance test device adopts the traction machine to apply the horizontal resistance, reduces the fluctuation of the horizontal resistance, and improves the stability of the driving wheel in the test process.

[0019] (4) The tractor rear wheel driving slip and traction performance test method combines various sensors and has the monitoring capability of various test parameters, including the driving wheel vertical load, the traction force, the tire pressure, the theoretical speed, the actual speed, the angular acceleration, the soil stress under the wheel, the soil compaction and the soil moisture content, which is helpful to comprehensively analyze the slip state and the traction performance of the driving wheel under different soil conditions and load conditions.

[0020] (5) The tractor rear wheel drive slip and traction performance testing device of the present invention adopts a drive motor as a power source, thereby avoiding the influence of engine vibration on the testing process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a tractor rear wheel drive slip and traction performance testing device according to an embodiment of the utility model;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal frame structure and functions of an embodiment of the utility model;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cooperation between the outer frame and the soil trough of an embodiment of the utility model;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the drive system structure of an embodiment of the utility model;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic structural diagram of a horizontal resistance loading device according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0026] Figure 6 It is a right view of a device for testing the slip and traction performance of rear wheel drive of a tractor according to an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0027] Markings in the figure: 1-inner frame, 11-weight bracket, 12-inner frame base, 13-first guide rail, 14-second guide rail slider, 15-traction ring, 16-bearing, 17-bearing seat, 2-outer frame, 21-motor frame plate, 22-first guide rail slider, 23-second guide rail, 24-load-bearing caster, 25-horizontal limit wheel, 26-support arm, 3-soil trough, 31-horizontal guide rail, 4-drive system, 4 1-driving motor, 42-driving sprocket, 43-three-row chain, 44-driven sprocket, 5-driving wheel, 51-flange, 52-axle, 6-horizontal resistance loading device, 61-traction machine, 62-pulley block, 63-pulley block hanger, 64-wire rope, 65-traction hook, 7-data acquisition system, 71-wireless tire pressure monitor, 72-S-type tension sensor, 73-encoder, 74-Doppler radar. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The technical solution of the present utility model is further described below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0029] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this utility model shall have the ordinary meaning understood by persons of ordinary skill in the field to which this utility model belongs. The words "first", "second" and similar terms used in this utility model do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Words such as "include" or "comprise" mean that the elements or objects preceding the word include the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, but do not exclude other elements or objects. The terms "set", "install" and "connect" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can be fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can be mechanical connections or electrical connections; they can be direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium, or they can be internal connections between two elements. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the object being described changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0030] The present invention provides a soil trough test device that meets the requirements for testing the slip state and traction performance of multi-horsepower rear-wheel drive tractors. By adjusting the lengths of the first guide rail 13 and the second guide rail 23, the device can be used to simulate the operating conditions of a multi-horsepower rear-wheel drive tractor in a soil trough. The vertical load on the drive wheel 5 is adjusted by varying the number of weights on the weight bracket 11. The ground pressure of the drive wheel 5 is then detected using a vibrating wire soil pressure gauge installed under the wheel. The horizontal resistance on the drive wheel 5 is adjusted by varying the output power of the tractor. The horizontal resistance is then detected using an S-type tension sensor 72. The theoretical and actual speeds of the drive wheel 5 are obtained using an encoder and a Doppler radar, respectively, for calculating the slip rate. Combined with soil conditions, the traction performance of the drive wheel 5 and its influencing factors can be analyzed.

[0031] See also Figures 1 to 6 The utility model provides a tractor rear wheel drive slip and traction performance testing device, which includes an inner frame 1, an outer frame 2, a soil trough 3, a drive system 4, a drive wheel 5, a horizontal resistance loading device 6, and a data acquisition system 7.

[0032] The inner frame 1 includes a weight bracket 11, a first guide rail 13, a traction ring 15 and a bearing seat 17. The outer frame 2 is connected to the inner frame 1 through the first guide rail 13 and the first guide rail slider 22 and can slide up and down along the first guide rail 13. The weights are placed on the weight bracket 11 to apply a vertical load to the drive wheel 5. The horizontal resistance loading device 6 applies horizontal resistance to the inner frame 1 through the traction ring 15. The drive wheel 5 is supported and fixed on the bearing seat 17 to bear the vertical load and horizontal resistance on the inner frame 1; the outer frame 2 includes a horizontal limiting wheel 25, and two horizontal guide rails 31 are provided on the inner wall of the soil trough 3. The horizontal limiting wheel 25 slides in the horizontal guide rail 31 of the soil trough and is used to guide the test device to move straight; the horizontal resistance loading device 6 includes a wire rope 64 and a traction hook 65. The horizontal resistance on the wire rope 64 is applied to the traction ring 15 through the traction hook 65.

[0033] Four first guide rails 13 and four second guide rail sliders 14 are fixedly mounted on the inner frame 1. The first guide rails 13 cooperate with the first guide rail sliders 22 fixed to the outer frame 2, allowing the drive wheel 5 to float up and down with the ground. The second guide rail sliders 14 cooperate with the second guide rails 23 on the outer frame 2, making the traction ring 15 height-adjustable, thereby varying the height at which horizontal resistance is applied. The load-bearing surface of the weight bracket 11 is horizontal, with its center of gravity located on the plane of maximum diameter of the drive wheel 5, ensuring equal vertical load on both sides of the drive wheel 5.

[0034] The outer frame 2 includes a motor frame plate 21 and four load-bearing casters 24. Two drive motors 41 are fixedly mounted on the motor frame plate 21 via bolts. The load-bearing casters 24 are fixedly mounted on the bottom of the outer frame 2 to support the reciprocating movement of the outer frame 2 on the side walls of the soil trough 3. The outer frame 2 has four support arms 26 for mounting horizontal limit wheels 25.

[0035] Drive system 4 drives drive wheel 5 via drive motor 41, driving sprocket 42, three-row chain 43, driven sprocket 44, and axle 52. The power output of two symmetrically arranged drive motors 41 is reduced in speed and increased in torque by three-row chain 43, driving the coaxial drive wheel 5. The drive motor 41, driving sprocket 42, three-row chain 43, driven sprocket 44, bearing 16, and bearing seat 17 are all arranged symmetrically with respect to the plane of maximum diameter of the drive wheel 5 to minimize the impact of uneven chain drive motion on the testing process. A torque sensor can be mounted on axle 52 to measure the driving torque of the drive wheel 5 during driving.

[0036] The horizontal resistance loading device 6 also includes a tractor 61, a pulley block 62, and a pulley block hanger 63. The tractor 61 is fixedly mounted in front of the soil trough 3. The pulley block 62 is hooked to the pulley block hanger 63 and moves forward with the test stand. The pulley block 62 is used to convert the pulling force output by the tractor 61 into horizontal resistance applied to the inner frame 1. By adjusting the traction force and the take-up speed of the tractor 61, a stable horizontal resistance is provided for the test device during its forward movement. The application height of the horizontal resistance is determined by the height of the corresponding tractor's towing point.

[0037] The data acquisition system 7 includes a vibrating-wire earth pressure gauge, a wireless tire pressure monitor 71, an S-type tension sensor 72, an encoder 73, a Doppler radar 74, a soil compaction meter, and a soil moisture detector. The vibrating-wire earth pressure gauge detects soil stress under the drive wheel 5, the wireless tire pressure monitor 71 detects tire pressure on the drive wheel 5, the S-type tension sensor 72 detects applied horizontal resistance, the encoder 73 is mounted on the axle 52 via a coupling and measures the theoretical speed of the drive wheel 5, the Doppler radar 74 is mounted on the inner frame 1 and measures the actual speed of the drive wheel 5, the soil compaction meter measures soil compaction in the test area, and the soil moisture detector measures soil moisture content in the test area.

[0038] Therefore, the utility model adopts the above-mentioned tractor rear wheel drive slip and traction performance test device, which can control the vertical load and horizontal resistance of the drive wheel respectively, and simulate the operating conditions of the tractor towing or hanging various agricultural machinery; the drive wheel can float up and down with the shape of the ground during the test, which helps to simulate the road conditions of real operations; a tractor is used to apply horizontal resistance to the tractor rear wheel drive slip and traction performance test device, thereby reducing the fluctuation of the horizontal resistance and improving the stability of the drive wheel during the test; it is combined with a variety of sensors and has the ability to monitor multiple test parameters, including the vertical load of the drive wheel, traction, tire pressure, theoretical speed, actual speed, angular acceleration, soil stress under the wheel, soil compaction, and soil moisture content, which helps to comprehensively analyze the slip state and traction performance of the drive wheel under different soil conditions and load conditions; a drive motor is used as the power source to reduce the impact of engine vibration on the test process.

[0039] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify or replace the technical solution of the present invention with equivalents, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot cause the modified technical solution to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tractor rear wheel drive slip and traction performance testing device, characterized in that: It includes an inner frame, an outer frame, a soil trough, a drive system, a drive wheel, a horizontal resistance loading device, and a data acquisition system. The inner frame includes a first guide rail, a weight bracket, a traction ring and a bearing seat. The outer frame and the inner frame are connected to the first guide rail slider through the first guide rail and can slide up and down along the first guide rail. The weight is placed on the weight bracket to apply a vertical load to the drive wheel. The horizontal resistance loading device applies horizontal resistance to the inner frame through the traction ring. The drive wheel is supported by the bearing seat and fixed to the inner frame, bearing the vertical load and horizontal resistance on the inner frame; the outer frame includes a horizontal limiting wheel, and two horizontal guide rails are provided on the inner wall of the soil trough. The horizontal limiting wheel slides in the horizontal guide rail of the soil trough and is used to guide the test device to move straight; the horizontal resistance loading device includes a wire rope and a traction hook, and the horizontal resistance on the wire rope is applied to the traction ring through the traction hook.

2. The tractor rear wheel drive slip and traction performance testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Four first guide rails and four second guide rail sliders are fixedly installed on the inner frame; the first guide rails cooperate with the first guide rail sliders fixedly installed on the outer frame, so that the driving wheel can float up and down with the undulations of the ground; the second guide rail sliders cooperate with the second guide rails on the outer frame, so that the height of the traction ring is adjustable, which is used to change the application height of the horizontal resistance.

3. The tractor rear wheel drive slip and traction performance testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer frame includes a motor frame plate and four load-bearing casters. Two driving motors are fixedly installed on the motor frame plate through bolt connection. The load-bearing casters are fixedly installed on the bottom of the outer frame to support the outer frame to reciprocate on the side wall of the soil trough.

4. The tractor rear wheel drive slip and traction performance testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving system drives the wheels via a driving motor, a driving sprocket, a three-row chain, a driven sprocket and a wheel axle.

5. The tractor rear wheel drive slip and traction performance testing device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The driving motor, driving sprocket, three-row chain, driven sprocket, bearing and bearing seat of the driving system are all arranged symmetrically with respect to the maximum diameter plane of the driving wheel.

6. The tractor rear wheel drive slip and traction performance testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The horizontal resistance loading device also includes a traction machine, a pulley block and a pulley block hanger. The traction machine is fixedly installed in front of the soil trough. The pulley block is hung on the pulley block hanger through a hook and moves forward with the platform. The pulley block is used to convert the pulling force output by the traction machine into horizontal resistance applied to the inner frame.

7. The tractor rear wheel drive slip and traction performance testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data acquisition system includes a vibrating string soil pressure gauge, a wireless tire pressure monitor, an S-type tension sensor, a strain rosette, a full-bridge circuit consisting of strain gauges, an encoder, a Doppler radar, a soil compaction meter, and a soil moisture detector. The vibrating string soil pressure gauge is used to detect soil stress under the drive wheel, the wireless tire pressure monitor is used to detect the drive tire pressure, the S-type tension sensor is used to detect the applied horizontal resistance, the strain rosette is used to measure the torque on the wheel axle, and the full-bridge circuit consisting of the strain gauges measures the component torques in two perpendicular directions in a coordinate system rotating with the drive wheel to calculate the load on the axle. The encoder is installed on the wheel axle through a coupling to measure the theoretical speed of the drive wheel. The Doppler radar is installed on the inner frame to measure the actual speed of the drive wheel. The soil compaction meter is used to measure the soil compaction of the test area, and the soil moisture detector is used to measure the soil moisture content of the test area.

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