Fixing tool capable of actively bending pipe body bending control line
By designing a specific fixing tool with a half-groove and groove structure, the problems of inaccurate positioning and uneven glue spots of the bending control line cavity during the tube production process are solved, and accurate fixation and uniform glue spotting of the bending control line cavity are achieved, thereby improving the production quality of the tube body.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202423009470.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-06
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-17
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-12-06
AI Technical Summary
In the medical field, it is difficult to ensure the accurate circumferential position of the bending control lumen and the uniform position of the glue points during the tube manufacturing process with existing technologies, which makes the lumen easily twisted.
A fixed tooling that can actively bend the bending line of the tube body is adopted, including a base body and an upper seat body. By designing a specific half-groove and groove structure, it ensures that the bending line cavity fits the tube body, and is fixed by glue at a specific glue dot groove to achieve uniform distribution of glue point positions and accuracy of line cavity position.
The position accuracy of the bending control line cavity on the circumference and the uniformity of the glue point position are achieved, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the tube body production.
Smart Images
Figure CN223442823U_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the medical field, and in particular to a fixing tool for a controllable bending wire of an actively bendable tube. BACKGROUND
[0002] In the medical field, the bending form of an actively bendable tube during use is controlled by adjusting a controllable bending wire on the tube, which needs to be limited in a controllable bending wire cavity.
[0003] In the manufacturing process of the tube, the controllable bending wire cavity supported by a mandrel is usually fixed on the outer surface of the inner layer of the actively bendable tube, and the fixing method is generally manual glue dispensing. The straightness of the controllable bending wire cavity in the axial direction needs to be ensured without twisting and firmness.
[0004] Generally, the manual fixing process requires high proficiency and experience. Since the position of the wire cavity in the circumference and the position of the glue point are visually positioned by the person himself, it is difficult to avoid the twisting of the wire cavity. CONTENT OF THE INVENTION
[0005] The present application provides a fixing tool for a controllable bending wire of an actively bendable tube, which can ensure the accurate position of the wire cavity in the circumference and the uniform distribution of the position of the glue point, and solves the problem that it is difficult to ensure the uniformity of the glue dispensing position and the wire cavity is easily twisted during manual glue dispensing.
[0006] The present application provides a fixing tool for a controllable bending wire of an actively bendable tube, which comprises a base body and an upper seat body matched with the base body.
[0007] The first plane is provided with a first half groove, and the end of the first half groove away from the first plane is provided with a first groove. The first half groove and the first groove both penetrate the base body along the first direction.
[0008] The second plane is provided with a second half groove, and the end of the second half groove away from the second plane is provided with a second groove. The second half groove and the second groove both penetrate the upper seat body along the first direction. The side of the upper seat body opposite to the second plane is a glue dispensing surface, and the glue dispensing surface is provided with a first glue dispensing groove and a second glue dispensing groove in the first direction. The first glue dispensing groove and the second glue dispensing groove both communicate with the second groove and the second half groove.
[0009] When the upper seat body and the base body are connected, the first plane and the second plane are attached, the first half groove and the second half groove form a circular groove, the tube is inserted into the circular groove, the controllable bending wire cavity is inserted into the first groove or the second groove, and the controllable bending wire cavity is attached to the tube and exposed at the first glue dispensing groove and the second glue dispensing groove.
[0010] In a possible implementation, the first half-groove, the first groove, the second half-groove and the second groove are each provided with a tapered opening at two ends.
[0011] In a possible implementation, the second dispensing groove is provided with a dispensing frame, and the dispensing frame moves in a first direction in the second dispensing groove.
[0012] In a possible implementation, an outer wall of a bottom end of the second dispensing groove is provided with a sliding groove, the sliding groove extends in the first direction, a sliding block is slidably connected in the sliding groove, and the sliding block is fixedly connected with the dispensing frame.
[0013] In a possible implementation, the sliding groove is an L-shaped groove body, and the sliding block is an L-shaped sliding block.
[0014] An outer wall of the L-shaped sliding block is slidably connected with an inner wall of the L-shaped groove body.
[0015] In a possible implementation, one end of the outer wall of the bottom end of the second dispensing groove is provided with a connecting groove, the connecting groove is in communication with the sliding groove, and a width of the connecting groove is greater than or equal to a width of the sliding block.
[0016] The sliding block is inserted into the connecting groove.
[0017] In a possible implementation, the end of the connecting groove away from the sliding groove is fixedly provided with an elastic member, and the elastic member is telescopic in the first direction.
[0018] An end portion of the elastic member abuts against the sliding block.
[0019] In a possible implementation, an outer wall of a top end of the second dispensing groove is provided with a length identifier.
[0020] In a possible implementation, a middle portion of an outer wall of the dispensing frame is provided with an indication identifier, and the indication identifier points to the length identifier.
[0021] In a possible implementation, a plurality of first connecting holes are arranged on the base body, a plurality of second connecting holes are arranged on the upper seat body, and the plurality of second connecting holes correspond to the plurality of first connecting holes one by one.
[0022] A fixing member penetrates through the second connecting hole and the corresponding first connecting hole, so that the base body and the upper seat body are connected.
[0023] The fixing tool for controlling the bending line of the actively bendable pipe body provided by the embodiment of the application comprises a base body, a first plane is arranged on the base body, a first half groove is arranged on the first plane, a first groove is arranged at the end of the first half groove, an upper seat body is arranged on the base body, a second plane is arranged on the upper seat body, a second half groove is arranged on the second plane, a second groove is arranged at the end of the second half groove, a dot gluing surface is arranged on the upper seat body, the dot gluing surface is provided with a first dot gluing groove and a second dot gluing groove in the first direction, the first dot gluing groove and the second dot gluing groove are in communication with the second groove and the second half groove, when the upper seat body and the base body are connected, the control bending line cavity is inserted into the first groove or the second groove, the control bending line cavity is attached to the pipe body, and is exposed at the first dot gluing groove and the second dot gluing groove, the first dot gluing groove is used to determine the dot gluing position, the second dot gluing groove is used to determine the position to be dot glued, and the exposed part of the control bending line cavity and the pipe body is dot glued and fixed, so that the uniformity of the positions of the dot gluing points is ensured, and the position accuracy of the line cavity in the circumference is ensured. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0024] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a first fixing tool for controlling the bending line of an actively bendable pipe body provided by the application;
[0025] Figure 2 FIG. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a first base body;
[0026] Figure 3 FIG. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a first upper seat body;
[0027] Figure 4 FIG. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of a second fixing tool for controlling the bending line of an actively bendable pipe body provided by the application;
[0028] Figure 5 FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a second plane of a second upper seat body;
[0029] Figure 6 FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a dot gluing surface of the second upper seat body;
[0030] Figure 7 FIG. 7 is a side view of the second fixing tool for controlling the bending line of the actively bendable pipe body.
[0031] KEY
[0032] 10-base body; 20-upper seat body; 30-dot gluing frame; 40-sliding block; 50-elastic member; 60-fixing member;
[0033] 11-first plane; 12-first half groove; 13-first groove; 14-first connecting hole; 21-second plane; 22-second half groove; 23-second groove; 24-dot gluing surface; 25-first dot gluing groove; 26-second dot gluing groove; 27-sliding groove; 28-connecting groove; 29-second connecting hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0034] In order for those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described in the following with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work should belong to the scope of protection of the present application.
[0035] In the medical field, the actively bendable tube body is widely used.
[0036] For example, the catheter used in vascular intervention surgery, the actively bendable tube body can better adapt to the shape and direction of the blood vessels. The doctor can accurately reach the diseased blood vessel site by operation, such as coronary intervention, the catheter can shuttle in the complex blood vessel network by virtue of the active bending characteristics, and perform balloon expansion, stent implantation and other operations. Endoscopy field.
[0037] Such as gastroscope, colonoscope and other endoscopic equipment. The active bending function of the tube body can enable the doctor to flexibly manipulate the endoscope, facilitate the observation of various corners in the digestive tract, and reduce the blind area of the examination. It can also be well explored in the curved intestine or the wrinkle of the stomach, and the accuracy and efficiency of the examination are improved. Drainage and lavage operation.
[0038] Some catheters used for body cavity drainage or lavage also have an actively bendable tube body. This design enables the catheter to bend appropriately according to the shape of the body cavity and the requirements of the drainage site, thereby more effectively draining liquid or performing drug lavage. For example, if the closed thoracic drainage tube can actively bend, it can better fit the internal structure of the thoracic cavity and achieve better drainage effect.
[0039] The bending control wire in the actively bendable tube body is a very important component. Such a bending control wire can realize the active bending of the tube body, and its principle is usually realized by a metal wire or other material built in the tube body material. For example, in some endoscopic examination equipment, the bending control wire can enable the doctor to flexibly bend the end of the endoscope, so as to better observe the tissue conditions at different angles inside the human body. It can accurately control the direction and degree of bending, help the medical equipment smoothly pass through the complex pipeline system of the human body, and play an important role in the examination and treatment operation in the digestive tract, respiratory tract and other parts.
[0040] In the process of making the pipe body, the core shaft supported control bending line cavity is usually fixed on the outer surface of the inner layer of the active bending pipe body, and the fixing method is generally manual glue fixing. To ensure the straightness of the control bending line cavity in the axial direction without distortion and firmness. The manual fixing process usually requires high proficiency and experience. Since the position of the line cavity in the circumference and the position of the glue point are positioned by the human vision, it is difficult to avoid the distortion of the line cavity. The fixing tool of the active bending pipe body control bending line provided by the application can not only ensure the accurate position of the line cavity in the circumference, but also make the position of the glue point evenly distributed.
[0041] The specific structure of the fixing tool of the active bending pipe body control bending line provided by the application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0042] Referring to Figures 1-3 , the Figure 1 application embodiment provides a fixing tool of the active bending pipe body control bending line, which comprises a base body 10 and an upper seat body 20 matched with the base body 10, and the base body 10 and the upper seat body 20 can be rectangular seat bodies.
[0043] The upper surface of the base body 10 is a first plane 11, and the middle part of the first plane 11 is provided with a first half groove 12, which is a semicircular groove body. The end of the first half groove 12 away from the first plane 11 is provided with a first groove 13, that is, the bottom end of the first half groove 12 is provided with the first groove 13. The first groove 13 is a circular groove body connected with the first half groove 12. The first half groove 12 and the first groove 13 both penetrate the base body 10 along the first direction, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the first direction is horizontal, and the left and right ends of the first half groove 12 and the first groove 13 both penetrate the base body 10;
[0044] The lower surface of the upper seat body 20 is a second plane 21, and the middle part of the second plane 21 is provided with a second half groove 22, which is a semicircular groove body matched with the first half groove 12. The end of the second half groove 22 away from the second plane 21 is provided with a second groove 23, that is, the upper end of the second half groove 22 is provided with the second groove 23. The second groove 23 is a circular groove body connected with the second half groove 22. The second half groove 22 and the second groove 23 both penetrate the upper seat body 20 along the first direction, that is, the left and right ends of the second half groove 22 and the second groove 23 penetrate the upper seat body 20;
[0045] The side of the upper seat body 20 opposite to the second plane 21 is a dispensing surface 24, that is, the upper surface of the upper seat body 20 is the dispensing surface 24. The dispensing surface 24 can be a plane. The dispensing surface 24 is provided with a first dispensing groove 25 and a second dispensing groove 26 in the first direction. The first dispensing groove 25 and the second dispensing groove 26 are both rectangular groove bodies, and the interval between the first dispensing groove 25 and the second dispensing groove 26 is consistent. The front-to-back direction of the first dispensing groove 25 and the second dispensing groove 26 penetrates through the seat body. The first dispensing groove 25 and the second dispensing groove 26 are both in communication with the second groove 23 and the second half groove 22.
[0046] When the upper seat body 20 and the bottom seat body 10 are connected, the first plane 11 and the second plane 21 are attached to each other. The first half groove 12 and the second half groove 22 form a circular groove. The pipe body is inserted into the circular groove. The control bending line cavity is inserted into the first groove 13 or the second groove 23. The control bending line cavity is attached to the pipe body, and is exposed at the first dispensing groove 25 and the second dispensing groove 26.
[0047] The upper seat body 20 and the bottom seat body 10 are connected. The first plane 11 and the second plane 21 are attached to each other. The first half groove 12 and the second half groove 22 form a circular groove.
[0048] In use, two control bending line cavities are symmetrically glued to the outer wall of the pipe body. When fixing the first control bending line cavity, the pipe body is inserted into the circular groove, and the first control bending line cavity is inserted into the second groove 23, so that the control bending line cavity is attached to the pipe body and is exposed at the first dispensing groove 25 and the second dispensing groove 26. First, glue is dispensed in the second dispensing groove 26 to glue the first point of the pipe body and the first control bending line cavity. Then, the pipe body and the first control bending line cavity are moved to the left, so that the first point of the glue reaches the first dispensing groove 25. Then, glue is dispensed in the second dispensing groove 26 to glue the second point of the pipe body and the first control bending line cavity. The above steps are repeated. The position of the glue is determined by the first dispensing groove 25, and the position of the glue is determined by the second dispensing groove 26. The exposed part of the control bending line cavity and the pipe body is glued and fixed, so as to ensure the uniformity of the position of the glue point and the accuracy of the position of the line cavity in the circumference.
[0049] When fixing the second control bending line cavity, the pipe body is inserted into the circular groove, the first control bending line cavity is inserted into the first groove 13, and the second control bending line cavity is inserted into the second groove 23. The above dispensing steps are repeated, so that the first control bending line cavity and the second control bending line cavity are symmetrically fixed on the two sides of the pipe body.
[0050] In some embodiments, in order to facilitate the insertion of the control bending line cavity of the pipe body, the two ends of the first half groove 12, the first groove 13, the second half groove 22 and the second groove 23 are provided with tapered openings. The wide end of the tapered opening is outward, so as to facilitate the insertion.
[0051] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 7As shown in the drawings, in some embodiments, the first dispensing groove 25 is a narrow groove, and the width of the first dispensing groove 25 meets the dispensing requirement. The second dispensing groove 26 is a wide groove, and a dispensing frame 30 is arranged in the second dispensing groove 26. The dispensing frame 30 is a rectangular frame, the inner wall width of the dispensing frame 30 is consistent with the width of the first dispensing groove 25, and the width of the dispensing frame 30 meets the dispensing requirement. The dispensing frame 30 moves in the first direction in the second dispensing groove 26. By adjusting the position of the dispensing frame 30 in the second dispensing groove 26, the distance between the first dispensing groove 25 and the dispensing frame 30 is adjusted. When dispensing, the dispensing position is determined by the first dispensing groove 25, and the dispensing position is determined by the dispensing frame 30. The dispensing position is adjusted to fix the exposed part of the control bending wire cavity and the pipe body, so as to adjust the distance between the dispensing positions.
[0052] Referring to Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown in the drawings, in some embodiments, the outer wall of the bottom end of the second dispensing groove 26 is provided with a sliding groove 27 extending in the first direction. A sliding block 40 is slidably connected in the sliding groove 27, and the sliding block 40 is fixedly connected with the dispensing frame 30, so that the dispensing frame 30 can be transversely slid in the second dispensing groove 26 to adjust the position.
[0053] In some embodiments, the sliding groove 27 is an L-shaped groove body, and the sliding block 40 is an L-shaped sliding block. The L-shaped sliding block has a certain height to avoid the dispensing frame 30 from contacting the control bending wire cavity.
[0054] The outer wall of the L-shaped sliding block is slidably connected with the inner wall of the L-shaped groove body to avoid the sliding block 40 from being separated from the sliding groove 27.
[0055] In some embodiments, one end of the outer wall of the bottom end of the second dispensing groove 26 is provided with a connecting groove 28 having a certain width. The connecting groove 28 is in communication with the sliding groove 27, and the width of the connecting groove 28 is greater than or equal to the width of the sliding block 40.
[0056] As shown in the drawings, the right end of the second dispensing groove 26 is provided with the connecting groove 28, and the length of the connecting groove 28 is greater than the length of the sliding block 40. The sliding block 40 is inserted into the connecting groove 28. When the sliding block 40 is slid to the right end of the second dispensing groove 26 and located in the connecting groove 28, the sliding block 40 can be pulled out upward to clean the dispensing frame 30 and the sliding block 40. Figure 6 In some embodiments, the end of the connecting groove 28 away from the sliding groove 27 is fixedly provided with an elastic member 50, which can be a spring, a telescopic rod or the like. The elastic member 50 is telescopic in the first direction.
[0057] When the sliding block 40 slides to the right, the end of the elastic member 50 abuts against the sliding block 40, so that the sliding block 40 cannot completely enter the connecting groove 28, thereby avoiding the sliding block 40 from being separated from the upper seat body 20. When the sliding block 40 is pushed to the right to compress the elastic member 50, the sliding block 40 can completely enter the connecting groove 28.
[0058]
[0059] Referring to Figure 6 As shown in some embodiments, the top end outer wall of the second dispensing groove 26 is provided with a length mark, and the middle part of the outer wall of the dispensing frame 30 is provided with an indication mark, which points to the length mark;
[0060] Since the control accuracy of the dispensing distance is low, the unit of the length mark is centimeter, and the middle part of the first dispensing groove 25 is taken as the zero scale, the length is calculated to the right, and the length mark is sprayed on the bottom end inner wall of the first dispensing groove 25, and the indication mark can be an indication arrow, which points to the length mark, so as to facilitate the determination of the distance between the dispensing frame 30 and the first dispensing groove 25.
[0061] In some embodiments, a plurality of first connecting holes 14 are arranged on the base body 10, and a plurality of second connecting holes 29 are arranged on the upper seat body 20, and the plurality of second connecting holes 29 correspond to the plurality of first connecting holes 14 one by one.
[0062] The fixing member 60 penetrates the second connecting hole 29 and the corresponding first connecting hole 14, so as to connect the base body 10 and the upper seat body 20, and the fixing member 60 can be a fixing pin or a bolt.
[0063] According to the above technical features, the working principle of the fixed tool for actively bending the pipe body to control the bending line in the actual application scene is as follows:
[0064] Before use, the base body 10 and the upper seat body 20 are connected, the second connecting hole 29 corresponds to the first connecting hole 14, and the fixing member 60 penetrates the second connecting hole 29 and the corresponding first connecting hole 14, so as to fix the base body 10 and the upper seat body 20.
[0065] In use, the first bending line cavity is fixed, the pipe body is inserted into the circular groove, the first bending line cavity is inserted into the second groove 23, the glue is first dispensed in the second dispensing groove 26, the first point of the pipe body and the first bending line cavity is glued, then the pipe body and the first bending line cavity are moved to the left, so that the first point of the glue reaches the first dispensing groove 25, then the glue is dispensed in the second dispensing groove 26, the second point of the pipe body and the first bending line cavity is glued, and the above steps are repeated to fix the first bending line cavity.
[0066] The second bending line cavity is fixed, the pipe body is inserted into the circular groove again, the first bending line cavity is inserted into the first groove 13, and the second bending line cavity is inserted into the second groove 23, and the above dispensing steps are repeated, so that the first bending line cavity and the second bending line cavity are symmetrically fixed on both sides of the pipe body.
[0067] The present application determines the dispensed position by the first dispensing groove 25, determines the position to be dispensed by the second dispensing groove 26, and dispenses and fixes the exposed part of the bending line cavity and the pipe body, so as to ensure the uniformity of the position of the glue point and the accuracy of the position of the line cavity in the circumference.
[0068] It is easy to understand that the skilled in the art can combine, split, recombine, etc. the embodiments of the present application on the basis of the several embodiments provided in the present application to obtain other embodiments, and these embodiments do not exceed the protection scope of the present application.
[0069] The above detailed description of the specific embodiments of the present application has further detailed the purposes, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that the above is only a specific implementation of the embodiments of the present application, and is not used to limit the protection scope of the embodiments of the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made on the basis of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the embodiments of the present application.
Claims
1. A fixture capable of actively bending a pipe body and controlling a bending line, characterized in that: include; A base body (10), wherein a first plane (11) is provided on the base body (10), a first half groove (12) is provided on the first plane (11), a first groove (13) is provided at one end of the first half groove (12) away from the first plane (11), and the first half groove (12) and the first groove (13) both penetrate the base body (10) along a first direction; An upper seat (20) matched with the base body (10) is provided with a second plane (21) on the upper seat (20), a second half groove (22) is provided on the second plane (21), a second groove (23) is provided at one end of the second half groove (22) away from the second plane (21), and the second half groove (22) and the second groove (23) both pass through the upper seat (20) along the first direction; a side of the upper seat (20) facing away from the second plane (21) is a dispensing surface (24), and the dispensing surface (24) is provided with a first dispensing groove (25) and a second dispensing groove (26) in the first direction, and the first dispensing groove (25) and the second dispensing groove (26) are both connected with the second groove (23) and the second half groove (22); When the upper seat body (20) and the base body (10) are connected, the first plane (11) and the second plane (21) are fitted together, the first half groove (12) and the second half groove (22) form a circular groove, the tube body is plugged into the circular groove, the bending control line cavity is plugged into the first groove (13) or the second groove (23), and the bending control line cavity is fitted with the tube body and exposed at the first glue dispensing groove (25) and the second glue dispensing groove (26).
2. The fixture for fixing the actively bendable tube bending control line according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both ends of the first half groove (12), the first groove (13), the second half groove (22) and the second groove (23) are provided with tapered openings.
3. The fixture for fixing the actively bendable tube bending control line according to claim 2, characterized in that: A glue dispensing frame (30) is provided in the second glue dispensing groove (26), and the glue dispensing frame (30) moves along a first direction in the second glue dispensing groove (26).
4. The fixture for fixing the actively bendable tube bending control line according to claim 3, characterized in that: The outer wall of the bottom end of the second glue dispensing groove (26) is provided with a slide groove (27), and the slide groove (27) extends along the first direction. A slider (40) is slidably connected in the slide groove (27), and the slider (40) is fixedly connected to the glue dispensing frame (30).
5. The fixture for fixing the actively bendable tube bending control line according to claim 4, characterized in that: The chute (27) is an L-shaped chute, and the slider (40) is an L-shaped slider; The outer wall of the L-shaped sliding block is slidably connected to the inner wall of the L-shaped groove body.
6. The fixture for fixing the actively bendable tube bending control line according to claim 5, characterized in that: A connecting groove (28) is provided at one end of the outer wall of the bottom end of the second dispensing groove (26), the connecting groove (28) is connected to the sliding groove (27), and the width of the connecting groove (28) is greater than or equal to the width of the sliding block (40); The sliding block (40) is plugged into the connecting groove (28).
7. The fixture for fixing the actively bendable tube bending control line according to claim 6, characterized in that: One end of the connecting groove (28) away from the sliding groove (27) is fixed to an elastic member (50), and the elastic member (50) is retractable along the first direction; The end of the elastic member (50) abuts against the slider (40).
8. The fixture for fixing the actively bendable tube bending control line according to claim 3, characterized in that: The top outer wall of the second glue dispensing groove (26) is provided with a length mark.
9. The fixture for fixing the actively bendable tube bending control line according to claim 8, characterized in that: An indicator mark is provided in the middle of the outer wall of the dispensing frame (30), and the indicator mark points to the length mark.
10. The fixture for fixing the actively bendable tube bending control line according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The base body (10) is provided with a plurality of first connection holes (14), and the upper base body (20) is provided with a plurality of second connection holes (29), and the plurality of second connection holes (29) correspond one-to-one to the plurality of first connection holes (14); The fixing member (60) passes through the second connecting hole (29) and the corresponding first connecting hole (14) to connect the base body (10) and the upper seat body (20).