Hardening river bank side rural non-point source pollution intercepting and buffering system
By setting up buffer channels and purification components in rivers and combining them with aquatic plants and vines, the problem of non-point source pollution in rural rivers was solved, sewage purification and ecological restoration were achieved, and operation and maintenance costs were reduced.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422964451.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-03
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-17
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-12-03
AI Technical Summary
Rivers in rural areas are subject to non-point source pollution. Although hardening river banks has increased their strength, it has damaged the ecosystem. Existing technologies are difficult to effectively reduce agricultural non-point source pollution, and technologies such as ecological floating islands have little significant benefits and high operation and maintenance costs.
A buffer channel is set up between the river and the hardened river bank. Aquatic plant purification components and vines are installed in the buffer channel. The water flow is regulated by the filtering mechanism and the water inlet regulating mechanism, and the impurities are filtered out in combination with the sedimentation ditch to achieve sewage purification.
Effectively remove nitrogen, phosphorus and other pollutants in sewage, prevent river pollution, reduce operation and maintenance costs, adapt to flow changes, and maintain stable system operation.
Smart Images
Figure CN223446087U_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The utility model belongs to river harnessing technical field especially a kind of hardening river bank side rural non-point source pollution interception and buffer system. BACKGROUND
[0002] In rural areas, various pollution components are washed by precipitation and runoff, and enter rivers through surface runoff, farmland drainage and underground leakage, etc., resulting in river pollution by non-point source pollution. Hardened side river bank is a river bank that has been hardened. Hardening can improve the strength of the river bank and resist flood impact, while preventing surface sewage from seeping into the ground. However, after the river bank is hardened, the original ecological system of the river is destroyed, and agricultural non-point source pollution cannot be effectively reduced.
[0003] Infrastructure construction in rural areas lags behind, houses are built closely, rain and sewage separation is not complete, and rain and sewage mixing is a major problem. Common methods such as dredging, hardening and spraying can only treat the symptoms and cannot solve the root problem, making it difficult to ensure long-term water quality. Most of the ditches that pass through towns have been hardened, and the self-purification capacity of water bodies is inhibited. Due to relatively weak economic conditions, rural sewage pipe network reconstruction is difficult. Ecological floating islands and oxygenation aeration have little ecological benefit, and the cost of post-operation and maintenance is high, and flood control is prone to destroy them. UTILITY MODEL
[0004] The utility model solves the technical problem of providing a hardened river bank side rural non-point source pollution interception and buffer system, which can effectively purify rural non-point source sewage and prevent sewage from directly entering rivers.
[0005] To solve the above problems, the utility model adopts the technical scheme of a hardened river bank side rural non-point source pollution interception and buffer system, which includes a buffer channel arranged between a river and a hardened side river bank. The buffer channel is parallel to the river, and the buffer channel is separated from the river by a vertical barrier wall. An upper communication port is arranged at the upstream end of the buffer channel to communicate with the river, and a lower communication port is arranged at the downstream end of the buffer channel to communicate with the river. A filter mechanism and a water inlet adjusting mechanism are arranged in the upper communication port, and a lower permeable filter dam is arranged in the lower communication port. A plurality of aquatic plant purification assemblies are arranged in the buffer channel, and plants are planted on the surface of the aquatic plant purification assemblies. A vine plant is arranged on one side of the buffer channel facing the hardened side river bank.
[0006] Further, the aquatic plant purification assembly includes a permeation prevention layer, a filter water collection layer, a purification layer and a substrate layer arranged in sequence from bottom to top, and the plants are planted in the substrate layer.
[0007] Further, the upper end of the barrier wall is 300mm higher than the normal water level of the river.
[0008] Further, the filter mechanism is an upper permeable filter dam.
[0009] Furthermore, the water inlet regulating mechanism is a liftable gate.
[0010] Furthermore, the hardened river bank is provided with a sand settling ditch parallel to the river, and the sand settling ditch is divided into a sand settling chamber and a water outlet chamber by a vertical partition, and the water outlet chamber is located on the side facing the river.
[0011] Furthermore, the upstream end of the water outlet cavity is connected to the buffer flow channel through a connecting groove.
[0012] Furthermore, a grid plate is provided on the top of the sand settling ditch.
[0013] Furthermore, a plurality of flexible filler belts are suspended on the grid plate.
[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: in the present invention, by separating a buffer channel in the river channel, sewage on the hardened side of the river bank (such as domestic sewage, aquaculture sewage, farmland drainage, rainwater containing pollutants, etc.) flows into the buffer channel along the surface of the hardened side of the river bank, and then flows toward the downstream of the buffer channel. During the flow, the aquatic plant purification component can purify the sewage, remove rural non-point source pollution components such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the sewage, and then discharge it into the river after filtering through the lower permeable filter dam. The root system of the vine is located in the buffer channel and can also absorb organic matter and other polluting components in the water. At the same time, the vine can attach to the surface of the hardened side of the river bank to improve the greening effect. After being treated in the buffer channel, the polluting components in the sewage are removed, especially nitrogen, phosphorus and other components applied to farmland as fertilizers, which can effectively prevent river water pollution. Since the sewage flow from the hardened side of the river bank into the buffer channel is unstable, for example, the sewage flow is large when it rains and small when it is dry, in order to ensure the normal growth of plants and vines when the sewage flow is small, the utility model introduces water from the river into the buffer channel through the water inlet regulating mechanism, so that the water level in the buffer channel remains stable. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0015] Figure 1 It is a top view schematic diagram of the utility model;
[0016] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the utility model;
[0017] Figure numerals: 1—buffer channel; 2—barrier wall; 3—filtration mechanism; 4—water inlet regulating mechanism; 5—lower permeable filtration dam; 6—aquatic plant purification component; 61—anti-seepage layer; 62—filtration and water collection layer; 63—purification layer; 64—matrix layer; 7—plants; 8—vines; 9—sedimentation ditch; 10—partition; 11—connecting ditch; 12—grating plate; 13—filling belt; 100—river; 110—hardened side river bank. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0018] The utility model is further explained below in connection with the drawings and examples.
[0019] The hardening river bank side rural non-point source pollution interception and buffering system of the utility model, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 The buffering flow channel 1 is parallel to the river 100, the buffering flow channel 1 is separated from the river 100 by the vertical barrier wall 2, and the upstream end of the buffering flow channel 1 is provided with an upper communication port communicating with the river 100, and the downstream end of the buffering flow channel 1 is provided with a lower communication port communicating with the river 100, the upper communication port is provided with a filtering mechanism 3 and a water inlet adjusting mechanism 4, and the lower communication port is provided with a lower water-permeable filter dam 5; a plurality of aquatic plant purification assemblies 6 are arranged in the buffering flow channel 1, and plants 7 are planted on the surface layer of the aquatic plant purification assemblies 6; the side of the buffering flow channel 1 facing the hardening side river bank 110 is provided with a vine plant 8.
[0020] The hardening side river bank 110 is usually on one side or both sides of the concentrated residence of farmers, has a large number of farmlands, and is easy to produce non-point source pollution. By building a barrier wall 2 in the river 100, the flow channel of the river 100 is divided into a normal flow channel and a buffering flow channel 1, the main body of river water flows through the normal flow channel, and a small amount of river water enters the buffering flow channel 1 to maintain the water level of the buffering flow channel 1. The barrier wall 2 can adopt various existing ecological retaining walls, for example, two rows of wooden piles can be adopted, and a grass planting bag is arranged between the two rows of wooden piles.
[0021] Rural domestic sewage, breeding sewage, farmland drainage, rainwater containing pollutants and the like flow into the buffering flow channel 1 from the hardening side river bank 110 instead of directly entering the river 100, which can prevent the river 100 from being polluted. The aquatic plant purification assembly 6 can purify the sewage, for example, the plants 7 can absorb the nutrient components such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the sewage to reduce the content of pollutants. The plants 7 can specifically adopt one or a combination of several of the following: reevesia, nymphaea, vallisneria, hydrilla verticillata, potamogeton, and myriophyllum. The purified sewage then enters the river 100 through the lower water-permeable filter dam 5, the lower water-permeable filter dam 5 can be formed by stacking granular materials such as pebbles and gravel, and can filter out solid impurities in the water. The roots of the vine plant 8 are located in the buffering flow channel 1 and can absorb nutrient components in the water, and the vine plant 8 can also adhere to the side wall of the hardening side river bank 110 to green the hardening side river bank 110.
[0022] Since the sewage flow into the buffer flow channel 1 from the hardened side river bank 100 is unstable, for example, the sewage flow is large when it rains, and the sewage flow is small when it is dry, in order to ensure the normal growth of the plants 7 and the vines 8 when the sewage flow is small, the upstream end of the buffer flow channel 1 is provided with an upper communication port, the upper communication port is communicated with the river 100, and a water inlet adjusting mechanism 4 is arranged in the upper communication port. The water inlet adjusting mechanism 4 introduces an appropriate amount of river water into the buffer flow channel 1, dilutes the concentration of harmful components in the sewage, and adjusts the total water inlet amount in the buffer flow channel 1. When the sewage flow into the buffer flow channel 1 is low, the flow of river water is increased, so that the liquid level in the buffer flow channel 1 remains stable, thereby ensuring that the entire system can stably operate. The water inlet adjusting mechanism 4 can adopt the existing valve, preferably, the water inlet adjusting mechanism 4 adopts a liftable gate, which can adopt the existing technology. The filtering mechanism 3 can adopt a filter screen, or an upper water-permeable filter dam, which has the same structure as the lower water-permeable filter dam 5. The filtering mechanism 3 is located downstream of the water inlet adjusting mechanism 4 and is used to filter out solid impurities floating in the river water.
[0023] In the utility model, the aquatic plant purification assembly 6 comprises from bottom to top sequentially arranged anti-seepage layer 61, filter water collecting layer 62, purification layer 63 and substrate layer 64, and the plants 7 are planted in the substrate layer 64. The anti-seepage layer 61 is used to prevent the sewage from seeping into the river channel ground, and the existing waterproof layer can be adopted. The filter water collecting layer 62 can filter out solid impurities such as silt in the sewage, and specifically can adopt quartz sand particles. The purification layer 63 can adopt a filler with adsorption function, for example, volcanic rock particles, which have large specific surface area, and microorganisms can be attached to the particle surface to decompose organic matter and other pollution components in the sewage. The substrate layer 64 is used to provide nutrient components for the plants 7 to ensure the normal growth of the plants 7, and the substrate layer 64 can adopt the existing technology. The anti-seepage layer 61, the filter water collecting layer 62, the purification layer 63 and the substrate layer 64 etc. can be arranged in the net cage, and when installing, the whole net cage is put into the buffer flow channel 1, the whole aquatic plant purification assembly 6 is convenient to disassemble and assemble, the amount of reconstruction of the original hardened river channel is small, the construction cost is low, the construction period is short, and the post-maintenance is convenient.
[0024] The height of the barrier wall 2 should not be too large, and the upper end is higher than the normal water level of the river 100 by 300 mm, which can reduce the construction cost and does not affect the flood discharge.
[0025] The rural domestic sewage, rainwater, aquaculture sewage and the like contain a large amount of silt and other solid impurities, in order to reduce the load of the buffer flow channel 1 and slow down the plugging of the facilities in the buffer flow channel 1, the hardened side bank 110 is provided with a desilting ditch 9 parallel to the river 100, the desilting ditch 9 is a ditch with a certain depth, the desilting ditch 9 is divided into a desilting chamber and a water outlet chamber by a vertical partition plate 10, the length direction of the partition plate 10 is consistent with the length direction of the desilting ditch 9, the water outlet chamber of the desilting ditch 9 is located on the side facing the river 100, and the desilting chamber is located on the side facing the sewage source. The height of the partition plate 10 is lower than the top end of the desilting ditch 9, after the sewage reaches the desilting ditch 9, the sewage first flows into the desilting chamber, the silt and other solid impurities with high density in the sewage sink to the bottom of the desilting chamber, and the supernatant enters the water outlet chamber through the top of the partition plate 10, and then flows to the buffer flow channel 1.
[0026] In order to increase the residence time of the sewage in the buffer flow channel 1, the upstream end of the water outlet chamber is communicated with the buffer flow channel 1 through a connecting ditch 11. After the sewage enters the desilting ditch 9, the sewage is concentrated and enters the buffer flow channel 1 through the connecting ditch 11, since the connecting ditch 11 is located on the upstream of the buffer flow channel 1, the sewage enters from the upstream of the buffer flow channel 1, so that the flow distance of the sewage in the buffer flow channel 1 is prolonged, the residence time of the sewage is increased, and the treatment effect is improved.
[0027] A grating plate 12 is arranged on the top of the desilting ditch 9, the grating plate 12 can be a stainless steel grating, and can filter out large-volume impurities such as leaves and straws in the sewage.
[0028] In order to improve the treatment effect of the desilting ditch 9 on the sewage, a plurality of flexible filler belts 13 are suspended on the grating plate 12, the filler belts 13 can adopt existing braided filler belts, microorganisms can grow on the surface of the filler belts 13, decompose the pollution components in the sewage, and reduce the pollution concentration.
[0029] In the utility model, the sewage causing river surface source pollution is treated before being discharged into the river, so that the river can be prevented from being polluted.
[0030] The above only describes preferred embodiments of the utility model and is not used to limit the utility model, and the utility model can be changed and varied in various ways for those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the utility model shall be included in the protection scope of the utility model.
Claims
1. Hardened river bank side rural non-point source pollution interception and buffer system, characterized by: The invention comprises a buffer channel (1) arranged between a river (100) and a hardened river bank (110), wherein the buffer channel (1) is parallel to the river (100), separated from the river (100) by a vertical barrier wall (2), and an upper communication port connected to the river (100) is provided at the upstream end of the buffer channel (1), and a lower communication port connected to the river (100) is provided at the downstream end of the buffer channel (1), wherein a filtering mechanism (3) and a water inlet regulating mechanism (4) are provided in the upper communication port, and a lower permeable filter dam (5) is provided in the lower communication port; a plurality of aquatic plant purification components (6) are provided in the buffer channel (1), and plants (7) are planted on the surface of the aquatic plant purification components (6); and vines (8) are provided on the side of the buffer channel (1) facing the hardened river bank (110).
2. The rural non-point source pollution interception and buffering system on the hardened river bank side according to claim 1 is characterized by: The aquatic plant purification component (6) comprises an anti-seepage layer (61), a filtering and collecting layer (62), a purification layer (63) and a matrix layer (64) which are arranged in sequence from bottom to top, and the plants (7) are planted in the matrix layer (64).
3. The rural non-point source pollution interception and buffering system on the hardened river bank side according to claim 1 is characterized by: The upper end of the barrier wall (2) is 300 mm higher than the normal water level of the river (100).
4. The rural non-point source pollution interception and buffering system on the hardened river bank side according to claim 1 is characterized by: The filtering mechanism (3) is an upper permeable filtering dam.
5. The rural non-point source pollution interception and buffering system on the hardened river bank side according to claim 1 is characterized by: The water inlet regulating mechanism (4) is a liftable gate.
6. The rural non-point source pollution interception and buffering system for hardened river banks according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hardened side riverbank (110) is provided with a sand settling ditch (9) parallel to the river (100), and the sand settling ditch (9) is divided into a sand settling chamber and a water outlet chamber by a vertical partition (10), and the water outlet chamber is located on the side facing the river (100).
7. The rural non-point source pollution interception and buffering system on the hardened river bank side according to claim 6, characterized in that: The upstream end of the water outlet cavity is connected to the buffer flow channel (1) through a connecting groove (11).
8. The rural non-point source pollution interception and buffering system on the hardened river bank side according to claim 6, characterized in that: A grid plate (12) is provided on the top of the sand settling ditch (9).
9. The rural non-point source pollution interception and buffering system on the hardened river bank side according to claim 8, characterized in that: A plurality of flexible filler belts (13) are suspended on the grid plate (12).