Energy storage equipment

Abstract

The utility model provides energy storage equipment, which mainly solves the problem that the existing battery module has potential safety hazards. The energy storage equipment comprises a fire safety system and at least one battery module, the battery module comprises a battery pack and a pressure-bearing shell; the battery pack comprises a plurality of single batteries which are arranged in the pressure-bearing shell along the x direction; the polar terminals of the single batteries extend out of the first avoiding holes of the pressure-bearing shell and then are connected in series through an electric connection assembly; the top of the pressure-bearing shell is provided with a heat exchange device, the heat exchange device is provided with a heat exchange channel through which an insulating heat exchange medium passes, and the insulating heat exchange medium is in direct contact with the polar terminals of the single batteries for heat exchange; the fire safety system comprises a first-stage fire protection unit, and the first-stage fire protection unit comprises a flue gas collecting pipe and a flue gas treatment system; the explosion venting mechanism of each battery module is connected with a flue gas collecting pipe; and the flue gas collecting pipe is used for conveying thermal runaway flue gas of each battery module into a flue gas treatment system for treatment.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model belongs to the battery field, and specifically relates to a battery module. BACKGROUND

[0002] The existing energy storage equipment comprises a plurality of battery modules, each battery module is composed of a plurality of single batteries in series, so that the battery module has the characteristics of high integration and high energy density. However, due to the high concentration of single batteries in the battery module, a large amount of heat will be generated during the charging and discharging process, and the heat will gradually increase. If the generated heat is not released in time, the heat will accumulate, causing uneven temperature of the battery module, thereby reducing the service life of the battery module. In severe cases, the thermal balance of the single batteries in the battery module is destroyed, leading to thermal runaway of the battery module. After the battery module experiences thermal runaway, it is easy to catch fire and even cause explosion, causing safety hazards. SUMMARY

[0003] The utility model provides a kind of energy storage equipment, mainly solve the problem that existing battery module has safety hazard.

[0004] To solve the above problems, the technical scheme provided by the utility model is as follows:

[0005] An energy storage device includes a fire safety system and at least one battery module. The battery module includes a battery pack and a pressure-containing shell. The battery pack includes a plurality of single batteries arranged in the pressure-containing shell along the x-direction. The pressure-containing shell is a closed pressure shell with a venting channel covering the venting portion of each single battery. The pressure-containing shell top plate has a first avoidance hole corresponding to the polarity terminal of each single battery. After the polarity terminal of each single battery extends out of the first avoidance hole, it is connected in series through an electrical connection assembly. The area of the pressure-containing shell top plate corresponding to the first avoidance hole is fixed and sealed with the single battery shell. The top of the pressure-containing shell is provided with a heat exchange device, which is insulated from the pressure-containing shell and each single battery. The heat exchange device has a heat exchange channel through which an insulating heat exchange medium is in direct contact with the polarity terminal of each single battery for heat exchange. The fire safety system includes a primary fire unit, which includes a smoke collection pipe and a smoke treatment system. The pressure-containing shell is provided with a venting mechanism communicating with the venting channel. The venting mechanism of each battery module is connected to the smoke collection pipe, which transports the thermal runaway smoke of each battery module to the smoke treatment system for treatment.

[0006] Further, the heat exchange device is a hollow box with one open end, the open end of the hollow box is sealingly fixed to the top plate of the pressure-bearing shell, and the cavity formed by the hollow box and the top plate is used as a heat exchange channel; the hollow box is provided with a second avoiding hole corresponding to each single battery polarity terminal, each single battery polarity terminal extends out of the corresponding second avoiding hole, and the polarity terminal and the second avoiding hole are sealingly connected.

[0007] Further, the heat exchange device comprises a connecting pipe assembly, each single battery polarity terminal is provided with a channel penetrating through the polarity terminal, the connecting pipe assembly connects the channels on the polarity terminals of adjacent single batteries to form a heat exchange channel, and the connecting pipe assembly is insulated from each single battery polarity terminal.

[0008] Further, the heat exchange device comprises at least one heat exchange plate, the heat exchange plate has a first channel extending in the x direction and at least one group of second channels arranged in the x direction, the first channel of the heat exchange plate is used as a heat exchange channel, each second channel penetrates in the z direction and is connected to the first channel; the polarity terminal of each single battery penetrates through the second channel in the z direction and is electrically connected to the electrical connection assembly, and part of the structure of each single battery polarity terminal is located in the heat exchange channel and directly contacts the insulating heat exchange medium.

[0009] Further, the pressure-bearing shell comprises a cylinder with at least one open end at the top or bottom, a top plate sealing the open end of the top of the cylinder, and a bottom plate sealing the open end of the bottom of the cylinder, the top plate is provided with a protrusion extending in the x direction, and a blast vent channel is formed in the protrusion.

[0010] Further, an insulating sealing adhesive layer is provided above the pressure-bearing shell, the main part of the heat exchange device is located in the insulating sealing adhesive layer, the adapter pipe connected to the liquid inlet and liquid outlet of the heat exchange device extends out of the insulating sealing adhesive layer, the top of the pressure-bearing shell is provided with an insulating protective cover, and each single battery polarity terminal and the heat exchange device are located in the insulating protective cover.

[0011] Further, the flue gas treatment system comprises at least one of a liquid treatment device, a solid treatment device, a flue gas cooling device, and an ignition device; the liquid treatment device is mainly used for treating electrolyte and gas in the thermal runaway flue gas; the flue gas cooling device is mainly used for cooling the thermal runaway flue gas; the solid treatment device is mainly used for adsorbing the gas in the thermal runaway flue gas; and the ignition device is used for igniting the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0012] Further, the liquid treatment device comprises M liquid treatment tanks, each liquid treatment tank is provided with a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet, the first to M-1 liquid treatment tanks are filled with liquid treatment medium, and the Mth liquid treatment tank is empty, wherein M is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0013] Further, the flue gas treatment system comprises a liquid treatment device and an ignition device; the ignition device is connected at the flue gas outlet of the Mth liquid treatment tank and used for igniting the heat runaway flue gas treated by the liquid treatment device.

[0014] Further, the primary fire-fighting unit further comprises a buffer device, the buffer device comprises at least one buffer tank provided with a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet communicating with the inner cavity of the buffer tank, and the buffer device is arranged between the flue gas collecting pipe and the flue gas treatment system and used for buffering the heat runaway flue gas.

[0015] Further, the primary fire-fighting unit further comprises a safety device, the safety device comprises safety pipes and a safety discharge part; the inlet of each safety pipe communicates with the flue gas collecting pipe, the outlet of each safety pipe communicates with the external environment, and the safety discharge part is arranged on the safety pipe and has an opening pressure less than the opening pressure of the battery module explosion venting mechanism.

[0016] Further, the fire safety system further comprises a secondary fire-fighting unit, the secondary fire-fighting unit comprises a fire-fighting device and a fire-fighting pipe; the fire-fighting device is provided with a fire extinguishing substance, and the fire-fighting pipe is used for conveying the fire extinguishing substance in the fire-fighting device into the box of the energy storage equipment.

[0017] Further, the fire safety system further comprises a tertiary fire-fighting unit, the tertiary fire-fighting unit comprises a fire-fighting water spraying pipe and at least one water mist nozzle arranged on the fire-fighting water spraying pipe, and the inlet of the fire-fighting water spraying pipe is used for being connected with an external fire-fighting water pipe.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the technical scheme of the utility model are as follows:

[0019] 1. The energy storage equipment is provided with a heat exchange device, a pressure-bearing shell and a fire safety system. When the battery module is in normal operation, the heat exchange device controls the temperature of the battery module to reduce the probability of heat runaway of the battery module, thereby avoiding the safety hazard caused by heat runaway of the battery module. When the battery module is in heat runaway, the pressure-bearing shell with the explosion venting channel and the pressure-bearing capacity can collect the high-temperature and high-pressure heat runaway flue gas and electrolyte generated by the single battery in the pressure-bearing shell, avoid the harm caused by the leakage of the high-temperature and high-pressure heat runaway flue gas to the surrounding devices, and improve the safety of the battery module. At the same time, the fire safety system can treat the heat runaway flue gas discharged from the pressure-bearing shell, so that the discharged heat runaway flue gas does not cause safety hazards, and the safety of the battery module is further improved. Under the joint action of the heat exchange device, the pressure-bearing shell and the fire safety system, the safety hazard caused by heat runaway of the battery module is avoided, and the safety of the energy storage equipment is improved.

[0020] The heat exchange device is provided with a heat exchange channel through which the insulating heat exchange medium passes, and the heat exchange channel mainly exchanges heat with the polar terminals of the single batteries with relatively concentrated heat, so as to realize reliable temperature control of the single batteries in the battery pack. The heat exchange device adopts a direct heat exchange mode, and the insulating heat exchange medium in the heat exchange channel directly contacts the polar terminals of the single batteries, the insulating heat exchange medium directly acts on the polar terminals, the insulating heat exchange medium has a short heat exchange path, and therefore the utilization efficiency of the insulating heat exchange medium is improved, the heat exchange efficiency of the battery module is improved, and the temperature control effect of the battery module is improved.

[0021] 2. In the energy storage equipment, the heat exchange device is a hollow box body with one end open, and in the heat exchange channel formed by the hollow box body, the insulating heat exchange medium not only directly exchanges heat with the polar terminals of the single batteries, but also directly exchanges heat with the top plate of the pressure-bearing shell, further improving the heat exchange effect of the insulating heat exchange medium on the battery module.

[0022] 3. In the energy storage equipment, the heat exchange device comprises at least one heat exchange plate, and the heat exchange plate exchanges heat with the polar terminals of all the single batteries in the battery pack. The heat exchange device adopts an integrated structure, and compared with the structure in which a sub heat exchange device is arranged on each single battery, the heat exchange device has better overall sealing performance and is convenient to process and manufacture.

[0023] 4. In the energy storage equipment, the pressure-bearing shell comprises a cylindrical structure with at least one end of the top or bottom open, and a top plate sealing the open end of the top of the cylindrical body and a bottom plate sealing the open end of the bottom of the cylindrical body. In the pressure-bearing shell with the above structure, the height of the cylindrical body is similar to the height of the shell of the single battery, so that the volume and manufacturing cost of the entire battery module are small.

[0024] In addition, after the polar terminals of the single batteries pass through the top plate of the pressure-bearing shell, a heat exchange channel is formed outside the pressure-bearing shell, and electrical connection of the single batteries is performed outside the pressure-bearing shell. This mode is convenient for assembly of the heat exchange device and connection of the electrical connection assembly, and when the single batteries in the pressure-bearing shell are in thermal runaway, the electrical connection assembly and the heat exchange channel outside are not easily affected.

[0025] 5. In the energy storage equipment, an insulating sealing adhesive layer is arranged above the top plate of the pressure-bearing shell, and the main part of the heat exchange device is located in the insulating sealing adhesive layer. The insulating sealing adhesive layer can avoid short circuit caused by condensation outside the heat exchange device, and further improve the sealing performance of the entire heat exchange device. In addition, the battery module uses an insulating protective cover to provide insulation protection for the polar terminals and the heat exchange device, avoids possible safety hazards of the exposed polar terminals during operation of the battery module, and avoids the problem that foreign matters in the external environment fall into the position of the polar terminals and cause short circuit of the battery module, thereby improving the safety of the battery module.

[0026] 6. The energy storage device of the utility model, the flue gas treatment system includes at least one of liquid treatment device, solid treatment device, flue gas cooling device and ignition device; The flue gas treatment system generates heat runaway flue gas through multiple ways to avoid the security risks generated after the heat runaway flue gas is discharged.

[0027] 7. The energy storage device of the utility model, the liquid treatment device effectively processes electrolyte and gas in heat runaway flue gas, and the Mth liquid treatment tank of the liquid treatment device is empty tank, when the heat runaway flue gas pressure is too large, the empty tank can collect the liquid treatment medium of high-pressure heat runaway flue gas extruded from the liquid treatment tank, avoid the liquid treatment medium being extruded to the subsequent device, and influence the rear device.

[0028] 8. The energy storage device of the utility model, the flue gas treatment system includes liquid treatment device and ignition device, and the ignition device carries out controllable ignition treatment to the heat runaway flue gas treated by the liquid treatment device, and the heat runaway flue gas after ignition treatment can be directly discharged, and no hidden danger such as combustion explosion is generated.

[0029] 9. The energy storage device of the utility model, a buffer tank is added at the front end of the flue gas treatment system, the buffer tank not only buffers heat runaway flue gas, and the heat runaway flue gas enters the flue gas treatment system at a relatively stable flow rate, so that the heat runaway flue gas is fully treated by the flue gas treatment system, and the buffer tank can collect part of electrolyte carried in the heat runaway flue gas, so as to reduce the use cost of the rear flue gas treatment system.

[0030] 10. The energy storage device of the utility model, the primary fire-fighting unit further includes a safety device, which can discharge the heat runaway flue gas through the safety device when the heat runaway flue gas pressure in the flue gas collector pipe is too large, so as to avoid the security risks generated by the excessive pressure of the flue gas collector pipe, and improve the safety of heat runaway flue gas treatment.

[0031] 11. The energy storage device of the utility model, the fire safety system further includes a secondary fire-fighting unit, which can prevent heat runaway flue gas from causing fire or extinguish the battery module that has already caught fire when the battery module of the energy storage device exists heat runaway flue gas or combustion or explosion. Through the cooperation of the primary fire-fighting unit and the secondary fire-fighting unit, the safety of the battery module of the entire energy storage device is protected, and the safety of the entire energy storage device can be further improved.

[0032] 12. The energy storage device of the utility model, the fire safety system further includes a tertiary fire-fighting unit, which can continue to extinguish the battery module when multiple battery modules heat runaway combustion fire is large, or after the extinguishing substance in the secondary fire-fighting unit is consumed, further improving the safety of the entire energy storage device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of the energy storage device in Example 1;

[0034] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the battery module in Example 1;

[0035] Figure 3 The explosion of the battery module in Example 1 Figure 1 ;

[0036] Figure 4 The explosion of the battery module in Example 1 Figure 2 ;

[0037] Figure 5 This is an exploded view of the heat exchange device in Example 1;

[0038] Figure 6 The cross section of the battery module in Example 1 Figure 1 ;

[0039] Figure 7 The cross section of the battery module in Example 1 Figure 2 ;

[0040] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the structure of the single cell in Example 1;

[0041] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the connection between the same row of battery modules and the explosion venting manifold in Example 1;

[0042] Figure 10 This is a schematic structural diagram of the first-level fire protection unit in Example 1;

[0043] Figure 11 This is a schematic structural diagram of the liquid treatment tank in Example 1;

[0044] Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the structure of the battery module in Example 2;

[0045] Figure 13 This is an exploded view of the battery module in Example 2;

[0046] Figure 14 is a cross-sectional view of the battery module in Example 2;

[0047] Figure 15 Schematic diagram of the structure of the battery module in Example 3 Figure 1 ;

[0048] Figure 16 The structure of the heat exchange plate in Example 3 is shown in FIG. Figure 1 ;

[0049] Figure 17 Structure diagram of the battery module in Example 3 Figure 2

[0050] Figure 18 Structure diagram of the heat exchange plate in Example 3 Figure 2

[0051] Figure 19 Cross-sectional view of the battery module in Example 3

[0052] Figure 20 Structure diagram of the battery module in Example 4

[0053] Figure 21 Structure diagram of the single battery cell polarity terminal with a passage in Example 4

[0054] Figure 22 Exploded view of the battery module in Example 4

[0055] Figure 23 Cross-sectional view of the battery module in Example 4

[0056] Figure 24 Structure diagram of the flue gas treatment system in Example 5

[0057] Figure 25 Structure diagram of the flue gas treatment system in Example 6

[0058] Figure 26 Structure diagram of the flue gas treatment system in Examples 7 and 8

[0059] Figure 27 Structure diagram of the fire safety system in Example 9

[0060] Figure 28 Structure diagram of the secondary and tertiary fire units in Example 9

[0061] ​​Reference numerals: 1-battery module, 2-smoke gas manifold, 3-liquid treatment device, 4-buffer device, 5-solid treatment device, 6-ignition device, 7-safety device, 8-secondary fire extinguishing unit, 9-tertiary fire extinguishing unit, 11-battery pack, 12-pressure shell, 13-electric connection assembly, 14-adaptor pipe, 15-sealing connector, 16-supporting member, 17-insulating protective cover, 111-single battery cell, 112-sub connection pipe, 113-heat exchange pipe fitting, 114-heat exchange plate, 115-first channel, 116-second channel, 117-hollow box body, 118-O-shaped sealing ring, 119-explosion venting part, 1110-intermediate pipe section, 1111-polarity terminal, 1112-channel, 1113-fixing part, 1114-heat-conducting rib plate, 1115-functional structure, 121-cylinder body, 122-end plate, 123-explosion venting channel, 124-explosion venting mechanism, 1211-first avoiding hole, 1221-first sealing plate, 1222-second sealing plate, 131-first electric connector, 132-second electric connector, 1171-sealing top plate, 1172-second side plate, 1173-first side plate, 1174-second avoiding hole, 21-primary manifold, 22-secondary manifold, 23-explosion venting manifold, 31-liquid treatment tank, 32-smoke gas inlet, 33-smoke gas outlet, 34-drain pipe, 35-shunt part, 36-three-way valve, 37-connection pipeline, 41-buffer tank, 42-smoke gas inlet, 43-smoke gas outlet, 51-solid treatment tank, 61-smoke gas pipeline, 62-exhaust pipe, 63-igniter, 64-trigger, 65-fire barrier, 71-safety pipeline, 72-safety discharge part, 81-fire extinguishing device, 82-fire extinguishing pipeline, 91-fire extinguishing water spraying pipeline, 92-water mist nozzle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0062] In order to make the above objectives, features and advantages of the present application more apparent, specific embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work should fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0063] In the following description, many specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application. However, the present application can be practiced in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar generalizations without departing from the spirit of the present application, so the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0064] In the description of the utility model, it is necessary to explain that the position relation or the position relation indicated in the term "top, bottom" is based on the position relation or the position relation shown in the drawing, only for the convenience of describing the utility model and simplifying the description, and it is not indicated or implied that the indicated device or element must have a particular orientation, a particular orientation and operation, therefore it can not be understood as the limitation of the utility model. In addition, the term "first, second, third, etc." is only for the purpose of description, and can not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0065] The utility model provides a kind of energy storage equipment, the energy storage equipment includes at least one battery module, to reduce the security risk generated by thermal runaway of each battery module in energy storage equipment, the utility model is configured with heat exchange device, pressure containment shell and fire safety system for each battery module.Heat exchange device is set at the top of battery module, is equipped with the heat exchange passage of insulating heat exchange medium passing, the heat exchange passage mainly carries out heat exchange with the polarity terminal of each monomer battery heat more concentrated, i.e. the part of structure of polarity terminal is directly placed in heat exchange device, so that polarity terminal is directly contacted with insulating heat exchange medium, relative to indirect heat exchange mode, this kind of direct heat exchange mode has shorter heat exchange path, insulating heat exchange medium directly acts on the polarity terminal of each monomer battery, improves the utilization efficiency of insulating heat exchange medium, improves the heat exchange efficiency of battery pack, can effectively control the temperature of battery module, avoids the performance problem and safety problem generated by battery module temperature being too high or too low, also reduces the probability of battery module thermal runaway.For reducing the harm after battery module thermal runaway, a pressure containment shell that can withstand pressure is additionally arranged on the outside of each monomer battery, the pressure containment shell has pressure relief passage and certain pressure-bearing capacity, when monomer battery thermal runaway occurs, high-temperature high-pressure thermal runaway flue gas and electrolyte sprayed by monomer battery can be gathered in the pressure containment shell, to avoid the harm to surrounding devices after high-temperature high-pressure thermal runaway flue gas leaks.

[0066] Under the joint action of the above-mentioned heat exchange device, pressure containment shell and fire safety system, the harm caused by thermal runaway of energy storage equipment is reduced, so that the energy storage equipment has higher safety performance.

[0067] Embodiment 1

[0068] As Figure 1 shown, the utility model provides a kind of energy storage equipment, and the energy storage equipment includes fire safety system and at least one battery module 1;Fire safety system includes primary fire unit, and primary fire unit includes smoke gas busbar 2 and smoke gas processing system.

[0069] As Figures 2 to 4As shown, the battery module 1 in the embodiment includes a battery pack 11 and a pressure-bearing shell 12; the battery pack 11 includes a plurality of single batteries 111, and the number of single batteries 111 can be adjusted according to actual needs; the pressure-bearing shell 12 is a closed pressure shell, and the plurality of single batteries 111 are arranged in the same direction in the pressure-bearing shell and are insulated from the pressure-bearing shell 12. The insulation mode can specifically be that an insulation layer is arranged on the inner wall of the pressure-bearing shell 12, or an insulation layer is added to the shell of each single battery 111, or an insulation pad is added between the single battery 111 and the pressure-bearing shell 12. At the same time, the pressure-bearing shell 12 has a pressure relief channel 123, and the pressure relief channel 123 covers the pressure relief part 119 of each single battery. The pressure relief part 119 can specifically be a pressure relief film arranged on the shell of each single battery 111.

[0070] A first avoiding hole 1211 capable of making the polarity terminal 1111 of each single battery 111 extend out is arranged on the top plate of the pressure-bearing shell 12. After the plurality of single batteries 111 are arranged in the same direction in the pressure-bearing shell 12, the polarity terminal 1111 of each single battery 111 extends out of the corresponding first avoiding hole 1211 and is connected in series through the electric connection assembly 13. At the same time, a sealing connecting piece 15 is additionally arranged between the polarity terminal 1111 of each single battery 111 and the first avoiding hole 1211, so as to realize the fixed sealing of the region of the cylinder top plate corresponding to the first avoiding hole 1211 and the shell of the single battery 111.

[0071] As shown in Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 , the sealing connecting piece 15 includes a hollow member. The bottom of the hollow member is used for sealing connection with a first region of the single battery 111, and the top of the hollow member is sealingly connected with a second region of the top plate of the pressure-bearing shell 12. The first region is a region around any polarity terminal 1111 on the top plate of any single battery 111. The region around the polarity terminal 1111 is a region around the insulating sealing pad on the polarity terminal 1111. The insulating sealing pad is a part for insulating the polarity terminal 1111 from the top plate of the single battery 111. The second region is a region of the top plate of the pressure-bearing shell 12 corresponding to any one first avoiding hole 1211 of the top plate of the pressure-bearing shell 12. The region of the top plate of the pressure-bearing shell 12 corresponding to the first avoiding hole 1211 is a peripheral region of the top surface of the top plate of the pressure-bearing shell 12 corresponding to any one first avoiding hole 1211; or the region of the top plate of the pressure-bearing shell 12 corresponding to the first avoiding hole 1211 is the hole wall of the first avoiding hole 1211.

[0072] For the convenience of description, the arrangement direction of the single battery 111 is defined as the x direction, the height direction of the single battery 111 is defined as the z direction, and the direction perpendicular to the x direction and the z direction is defined as the y direction.

[0073] The pressure-containing shell 12 in the embodiment is a closed pressure shell, mainly for integrated installation of the battery pack 11, and also for safety protection of the battery pack 11. Unlike the general shell of the battery pack 11, the pressure-containing shell 12 in the utility model is a closed pressure shell, which can withstand a certain pressure. When each single battery 111 is in thermal runaway, the pressure-containing shell 12 can ensure that the thermal runaway flue gas does not leak from the pressure-containing shell 12, thereby avoiding harm to devices near the battery module 1. Meanwhile, the pressure-containing shell 12 is provided with a blast venting channel 123 and a blast venting mechanism 124, which are in communication with each other, and can discharge the thermal runaway flue gas discharged from each single battery 111 in a directional and orderly manner.

[0074] The shape and size of the pressure-containing shell 12 can be designed according to the application scenario of the battery module 1 to facilitate placement. In the embodiment, the pressure-containing shell 12 is a rectangular shell, which can have the following structure:

[0075] First, as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 , the pressure-containing shell 12 includes a cylinder 121 with both ends open and two end plates 122 sealingly arranged at the open ends of the cylinder 121. The front and rear parts of the cylinder 121 are both open, one of the end plates 122 is sealingly fixed to the open end of the front part of the cylinder 121, and the other end plate 122 is sealingly fixed to the open end of the rear part of the cylinder 121. The sealing fixation can be welding or threaded connection, etc. The pressure-containing shell 12 has good pressure resistance, and the cylinder 121 can be integrally formed by extrusion process, so that the cylinder 121 has good pressure resistance.

[0076] As shown in Figure 3 , based on the structure of the pressure-containing shell 12, when each single battery 111 is installed, each single battery 111 is pushed into the cylinder 121 from the open end of the cylinder 121, and then each single battery 111 is lifted so that the polarity terminal 1111 of each single battery 111 passes through the first avoiding hole 1211 of the top plate of the cylinder 121, and then a support 16 extending along the x direction can be inserted between the bottom plate of the cylinder 121 and each single battery 111, and the support 16 supports each single battery 111 in the z direction. From the installation process, it can be seen that since each single battery 111 is placed in the cylinder 121 from the open end of the side of the cylinder 121, and then the polarity terminal 1111 of each single battery 111 is stretched out from the first avoiding hole 1211 on the top plate of the cylinder 121, this installation method requires that the height between the bottom plate of the cylinder 121 and the top plate of the cylinder 121 be greater than the height between the polarity terminal 1111 of each single battery 111 and the bottom of the single battery 111, so as to realize the installation of each single battery 111.

[0077] After the above-mentioned support members 16 lift and support each single battery 111, a cavity is formed between each single battery 111 and the bottom plate of the cylinder 121. At this time, the cavity can be used as an explosion relief channel 123. The explosion relief channel 123 covers the explosion relief part 119 at the bottom of each single battery 111. When the explosion relief part 119 of any single battery 111 is broken through by the thermal runaway smoke in the inner cavity, the thermal runaway is discharged through the explosion relief channel 123.

[0078] As can be seen from the above description, it is a preferred solution to dispose the explosion relief channel 123 between the bottom plate of the cylinder 121 and the single battery 111 .

[0079] The end plate 122 is mainly used to seal the open end of the cylinder 121. The end plate 122 is provided with an explosion relief mechanism 124. The thermal runaway flue gas in the pressure shell 12 is discharged from the pressure shell 12 in a direction through the explosion relief mechanism 124. The end plate 122 in this embodiment includes a first sealing plate 1221 and a second sealing plate 1222 arranged in parallel. The first sealing plate 1221 is used to seal the open end of the cylinder 121, and the explosion relief mechanism 124 is provided on the first sealing plate 1221. By adjusting the size of the second sealing plate 1222 in the x-direction, the end plate 122 can clamp all the single cells 111 in the x-direction, preventing each single cell 111 from swelling and improving the stability of each single cell 111 in the pressure shell 12.

[0080] In other embodiments, the end plate 122 may also adopt a structure of a single sealing plate. Compared with the end plate 122 of the double sealing plate structure described above, the end plate 122 of this structure has relatively weaker pressure bearing performance.

[0081] Second, if Figure 4 As shown, the pressure-bearing shell 12 includes a cylinder, a top plate, and a bottom plate. At least one of the top or bottom ends of the cylinder is open. The top plate is sealed and fixed to the open end at the top of the cylinder 121, and the bottom plate is sealed and fixed to the open end at the bottom of the cylinder 121. The sealing and fixing can be welded or threaded. In some embodiments, the bottom plate and cylinder 121 are an integral structure, or the top plate and cylinder 121 are an integral structure. The pressure-bearing shell 12 of this structure has better pressure resistance and sealing performance.

[0082] The installation process of each single battery 111 is described below. When installing each single battery, each single battery is placed into the cylinder from the open end at the bottom of the cylinder 121, so that the polar terminal 1111 of each single battery 111 passes through the first avoiding hole 1211 of the top plate, and then the bottom plate is fixedly connected with the cylinder 121. This installation method makes the height of the cylinder 121 only slightly greater than the height of the shell of each single battery 111, that is, the height of the cylinder 121 only needs to consider the size of the shell of each single battery 111, without considering the size of the polar terminal of each single battery 111. Compared with the structure in which the cylinder 121 is open at the side end, the structure in which the cylinder 121 is open at the top or bottom makes the height of the entire cylinder 121 relatively small, thereby reducing the height of the entire battery module 1 in the z direction, and the volume and manufacturing cost of the battery module 1 are also reduced. At the same time, the pressure-containing shell 12 structure is installed from the top or bottom, and there is no need to provide a support in the cylinder 121, so the manufacturing cost of the entire battery module 1 is further reduced.

[0083] The pressure-containing shell 12 installed from the top or bottom has a venting channel 123 covering the venting part 119 of each single battery. When specifically provided, the venting channel 123 can be provided at the top of the inner cavity of the pressure-containing shell 12, or at the bottom of the inner cavity of the pressure-containing shell 12. When the venting channel 123 is provided at the top of the inner cavity of the pressure-containing shell 12, a protrusion extending in the x direction can be provided on the top plate of the pressure-containing shell 12, and the venting channel 123 is formed in the protrusion. Alternatively, the top plate of the pressure-containing shell 12 is a flat structure, and the venting channel 123 is formed between the top of each single battery 111 and the top plate. At this time, a certain space needs to be left between the top of each single battery 111 and the top plate. In actual installation, the height of the polar terminal 1111 of each single battery 111 needs to be increased to meet the requirements of contact between the polar terminal 1111 and the heat exchange channel, and electrical connection with the electrical connection assembly 13. After the height of the polar terminal 1111 of each single battery 111 is increased, the height of the sealing connection 15 and the cylinder 121 is also further increased, thereby increasing the height of the entire battery module 1 in the z direction, and the volume and manufacturing cost of the entire battery module 1 are further increased.

[0084] When the venting channel 123 is provided at the bottom of the inner cavity of the pressure-containing shell 12, a protrusion extending in the x direction can also be provided on the bottom plate of the pressure-containing shell 12, and the venting channel 123 is formed in the protrusion. Alternatively, a support extending in the x direction is inserted between the bottom plate of the pressure-containing shell 12 and each single battery 111, and the channel between the support and the bottom of each single battery is the venting channel after the support lifts and supports each single battery 111 in the z direction. However, this venting channel also increases the overall height of the pressure-containing shell 12 in the z direction.

[0085] Therefore, it is relatively preferable to provide the protrusion on the top plate of the pressure shell 12 and form the explosion venting passage 123 in the protrusion, which does not increase the overall height of the pressure shell 12, does not require the support in the cylinder 121, and relatively reduces the manufacturing cost of the battery module 1.

[0086] In order to improve the heat exchange efficiency of the battery module 1, the heat exchange device is provided on the top of the pressure shell 12, the heat exchange device is insulated from the pressure shell and each single battery, the heat exchange device has a heat exchange passage through which the insulating heat exchange medium passes, and the insulating heat exchange medium in the heat exchange passage directly contacts the polar terminal 1111 of each single battery 111 to exchange heat. The heat exchange passage adopts a direct heat exchange mode, so that the polar terminal 1111 directly contacts the insulating heat exchange medium to exchange heat; compared with the effect of indirectly exchanging heat between the insulating heat exchange medium and the polar terminal 1111 through the heat exchange member, firstly, the heat exchange path is relatively short, which can improve the utilization efficiency of the insulating heat exchange medium; secondly, the heat exchange area is relatively large, which improves the heat exchange efficiency, and further improves the heat exchange efficiency of the battery module 1.

[0087] The insulating heat exchange medium is introduced into the heat exchange passage to directly contact the polar terminal 1111, so as to control the temperature of the battery module 11. When the temperature of the battery module 11 is higher than the set threshold, the insulating heat exchange medium with a lower temperature is introduced into the heat exchange passage to cool the battery module 11; when the temperature of the battery module 11 is lower than the set threshold, the insulating heat exchange medium with a higher temperature is introduced into the heat exchange passage to heat the battery module 11; by controlling the temperature of the insulating heat exchange medium, the battery module 11 can always operate at a normal working temperature.

[0088] The heat exchange device and the heat exchange passage in the embodiment are implemented through the following structure:

[0089] As shown in Figure 5 The heat exchange device includes a plurality of sub-heat exchange devices, each of which corresponds to each single battery 111; each sub-heat exchange device includes at least one heat exchange pipe 113, each heat exchange pipe 113 has a first passage extending in the x direction and at least one second passage; the polar terminal 1111 of each single battery 111 passes through the first avoiding hole 1211 on the top plate of the cylinder 121, and then corresponds to the heat exchange pipe 113 in the z direction to realize electrical connection with the electrical connection assembly, the first passages of the heat exchange pipes of adjacent single batteries are communicated to form a heat exchange passage; part of the structure of the polar terminal of each single battery is located in the heat exchange passage and directly contacts the insulating heat exchange medium. Each heat exchange pipe is insulated from the adjacent single battery 111.

[0090] The specific sub-heat exchange device in the embodiment is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0091] a、as shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6 shown, the sub heat exchange device includes two heat exchange pipe fittings 113 arranged along the y direction, each heat exchange pipe fitting 113 is provided with a first channel 115 and a second channel 116; the first channel 115 penetrates along the x direction; the second channel 116 penetrates along the z direction and is communicated with the first channel 115; the two polarity terminals 1111 of each single battery 111 correspondingly pass through the second channels 116 on the two heat exchange pipe fittings 113 and are electrically connected with the electrical connection assembly 13, and the two ports of the second channel 116 are sealed with the polarity terminals 1111;

[0092] b、the sub heat exchange device includes one heat exchange pipe fitting 113, each heat exchange pipe fitting 113 is provided with a first channel 115 and two second channels 116 arranged along the y direction; the first channel 115 penetrates along the x direction; the second channel 116 penetrates along the z direction and is communicated with the first channel 115; the two polarity terminals 1111 of each single battery 111 correspondingly pass through the two second channels 116 on the heat exchange pipe fitting 113 and are electrically connected with the electrical connection assembly 13, and the two ports of the second channel 116 are sealed with the polarity terminals 1111;

[0093] c、as shown in Figure 7 shown, the sub heat exchange device includes two heat exchange pipe fittings 113 arranged along the y direction, the heat exchange pipe fitting 113 is a half pipe, which can be understood as being divided into two halves along the axial direction of the whole pipe, each half is a half pipe, the half pipe is buckled and sealed and fixed on the top plate of the cylinder body 121, each heat exchange pipe fitting 113 is provided with a first channel 115 and a second channel 116; the first channel 115 penetrates along the x direction; the second channel 116 penetrates along the z direction and is communicated with the first channel 115; the two polarity terminals 1111 of each single battery 111 correspondingly pass through the second channels 116 on the two heat exchange pipe fittings 113 and are electrically connected with the electrical connection assembly 13, and one port of the second channel 116 is sealed with the polarity terminal 1111;

[0094] d、the sub heat exchange device includes one heat exchange pipe fitting 113, the heat exchange pipe fitting 113 is a half pipe, the half pipe is buckled and sealed and fixed on the top plate of the cylinder body 121, each heat exchange pipe fitting 113 is provided with a first channel 115 and two second channels 116 arranged along the y direction; the first channel 115 penetrates along the x direction; the second channel 116 penetrates along the z direction and is communicated with the first channel 115; the two polarity terminals 1111 of each single battery 111 correspondingly pass through the two second channels 116 on the heat exchange pipe fitting 113 and are electrically connected with the electrical connection assembly 13, and one port of the second channel 116 is sealed with the polarity terminal 1111.

[0095] When the battery pack 11 is installed, the heat exchange pipes 113 on the polarity terminals 1111 of adjacent single batteries 111 are communicated with each other as heat exchange channels, and heat exchange between the single batteries 111 is realized. The cross-sectional shape of the heat exchange pipe 113 is not specifically limited in the utility model. Since the heat exchange pipe 113 in the embodiment is arranged on the top of the cylindrical body in a planar shape, the heat exchange pipe 113 in the embodiment is a rectangular pipe or a rectangular half pipe in consideration of structural regularity. In other embodiments, a round pipe or a pipe with other structural forms can also be used.

[0096] The first channel 115 is a channel opened along the length direction of the heat exchange pipe 113, and the inner cavity of the first channel 115 is used as a flow cavity of the insulating heat exchange medium. The two end ports of the first channel 115 are used as the inlet end and the outlet end of the heat exchange pipe 113, respectively.

[0097] The second channel 116 is used for the partial structure of the polarity terminal 1111 to pass through. In the embodiment, the second channel 116 is perpendicular to the first channel 115. In addition, in the z direction (the height direction of the single battery 111), the size of the second channel 116 is smaller than the size of the corresponding polarity terminal 1111, so that the top of the polarity terminal 1111 as an electrical connection part can extend out of the second channel 116.

[0098] The port shape of the second channel 116 in the embodiment is adapted to the cross-sectional shape of the polarity terminal 1111. The shape of the port of the second channel 116 is circular, the cross section of the polarity terminal 1111 is also circular, and the diameter of the two ports of the second channel 116 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the polarity terminal 1111. In other embodiments, the shape of the two ports of the second channel 116 can be different from the cross-sectional shape of the polarity terminal 1111, as long as the polarity terminal 1111 can be inserted into the second channel 116 and sealing can be realized.

[0099] When the battery module 1 is constructed, the heat exchange pipes 113 of the single batteries 111 on the same side can be communicated, two heat exchange channels are formed on the top of the battery pack 11, and the two heat exchange channels can be connected in parallel or in series. The heat exchange of the battery pack 11 is realized based on the two heat exchange channels.

[0100] When the heat exchange pipes 113 are connected, a connecting pipe section can be connected to the inlet end or the outlet end of the heat exchange pipe 113. Taking the connection of the inlet end as an example, the connecting pipe section of one of the heat exchange pipes 113 can be inserted into the outlet end of the other heat exchange pipe 113, so that the two adjacent heat exchange pipes 113 are communicated, and the connection position of the connecting pipe section and the other heat exchange pipe 113 needs to be sealed. Figure 5As shown, connecting pipe sections can also be provided at the liquid inlet and liquid outlet of each heat exchange pipe 113. Among two adjacent heat exchange pipes 113, the connecting pipe section of one heat exchange pipe 113 and the connecting pipe section of the other heat exchange pipe 113 are connected through an intermediate pipe section 1110.

[0101] like Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, since an insulating heat exchange medium flows in the heat exchange tube 113, the sealing of the heat exchange tube 113 is particularly important. In order to ensure the sealing of the heat exchange tube 113, in this embodiment, two second annular grooves extending along the circumference of each polarity terminal 1111 are opened, and the two second annular grooves are arranged along the z direction; and O-rings 118 are embedded in the two second annular grooves. The two O-rings 118 are respectively pressed against the two ports of the second channel 116, thereby achieving sealing and improving the stability of the heat exchange tube 113.

[0102] In some other embodiments, when a heat exchange fitting 113 made of metal is used, the polarity terminal 1111 and the top port of the second channel 116 can be sealed by welding (the top port mentioned here is the port close to the electrical connection part of the polarity terminal 1111, and the welding method can further improve the stability of the heat exchange fitting 113 on the polarity terminal 1111).

[0103] In order to facilitate connection with external pipelines, this embodiment further connects transfer tubes 14 to the free ends of the heat exchange channel serving as the liquid inlet and outlet ends, and connection with external pipelines is achieved through the transfer tubes 14.

[0104] At the same time, in this embodiment, the polarity terminal 1111 of the single cell 111 is provided with a structure that increases the heat exchange area of ​​the polarity terminal. For ease of description, the structure that can increase the heat exchange area of ​​the polarity terminal is collectively referred to as the functional structure 1115. When the polarity terminal 1111 of each single cell 111 passes through the heat exchange device, the portion of the polarity terminal 1111 provided with the functional structure 1115 is located within the heat exchange device and is in direct contact with the insulating heat exchange medium. After constructing the battery module 1 based on such single cells 111, the heat exchange area between the polarity terminal 1111 and the insulating heat exchange medium can be increased, thereby improving the heat exchange effect between the insulating heat exchange medium and the battery module 1. The functional structure 1115 on the polarity terminal 1111 can specifically adopt the following structure:

[0105] First, as Figure 8As shown, the functional structure 1115 includes at least one first annular groove opened in the side surface of the polarity terminal 1111, and a plurality of first annular grooves are arranged along the height direction of the polarity terminal 1111, and each first annular groove extends along the circumference of the side surface of the polarity terminal 1111. On the premise of not affecting the conductivity of the polarity terminal 1111, the number of the first annular grooves and the groove width and groove depth and other dimensions can be adjusted according to the needs. Based on the first annular groove, the heat exchange area of the part of the polarity terminal 1111 can be increased, and after the part is located in the inner cavity of the heat exchange device, compared with the polarity terminal 1111 with a smooth side surface, the polarity terminal with the point-shaped pit and the protrusion has a larger heat exchange area, and thus a better heat exchange effect can be obtained.

[0106] Second, the functional structure 1115 includes a point-shaped pit, a protrusion and the like located in the side surface of the polarity terminal 1111, and based on the point-shaped pit and the protrusion, the heat exchange area of the part of the polarity terminal 1111 can be increased, and after the part is located in the inner cavity of the heat exchange device, compared with the polarity terminal 1111 with a smooth side surface, the polarity terminal with the point-shaped pit and the protrusion has a larger heat exchange area, and thus a better heat exchange effect can be obtained.

[0107] Third, the functional structure 1115 includes a through hole opened in the polarity terminal 1111 and penetrating through the polarity terminal 1111, on the premise of not affecting the conductivity of the polarity terminal 1111, the cross-sectional area of the through hole is increased as much as possible to increase the heat exchange area and improve the heat exchange effect, and two or more than two through holes can also be opened on the premise of not affecting the conductivity of the polarity terminal 1111.

[0108] It should be noted that:

[0109] Since the polarity terminal of the utility model directly contacts with the insulating heat exchange medium, the ideal insulating heat exchange medium should have good insulation, high specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity, good flame retardant performance, low cost, suitable working temperature, long service life, non-corrosive and the like. In the utility model, the insulating heat exchange medium is the common insulating heat exchange medium in the prior art, which can be but is not limited to insulating oil and fluorinated liquid and the like;

[0110] After the heat exchange pipe fitting 113 contacts with the top plate of the cylinder 121 or the polarity terminal 1111, short circuit may be caused, and at this time, insulation between the heat exchange pipe fitting 113 and the top plate of the cylinder 121 or the polarity terminal 1111 needs to be realized, and the following methods can be used to realize the insulation:

[0111] 1.1, selecting the heat exchange pipe fitting 113 made of insulating material;

[0112] 1.2, selecting the intermediate pipe section 1110 made of insulating material;

[0113] 1.3. If the heat exchange fittings 113 are made of non-insulating materials, the wall of the heat exchange fittings 113 can be insulated, such as by spraying insulating paint or wrapping with insulating film, to overcome this problem. Insulating gaskets can also be added between the heat exchange fittings 113 and the polarity terminals 1111 or the top of the cylinder to overcome this problem. Of course, for the sake of safety, multiple insulation methods can be used in combination with the above methods to overcome this problem.

[0114] To further improve the stability of the heat exchange fitting 113 on the single cell 111, this embodiment can add L-shaped connecting ribs between the heat exchange fitting 113 and the barrel 121. The horizontal plate of the L-shaped connecting rib is fixedly connected to the heat exchange fitting 113, and the vertical plate of the L-shaped connecting rib is fixedly connected to the barrel 121. The specific connection method can be selected according to the material of the heat exchange fitting 113. For example, in this embodiment, the heat exchange fitting 113 is made of an insulating material, so the L-shaped connecting rib, the heat exchange fitting 113, and the barrel 121 can be fixedly connected by screws. When the heat exchange fitting 113 is made of metal, the L-shaped connecting rib, the heat exchange fitting 113, and the barrel 121 can be fixedly connected by welding.

[0115] like Figures 2 to 4 As shown, when the battery pack 11 is assembled, the electrical connection between the individual cells 111 is achieved through the electrical connection assembly 13. The electrical connection assembly 13 in this embodiment includes a first electrical connector 131 and a second electrical connector 132. The first electrical connector 131 is used to connect the individual cells 111 in the battery pack 11 in series, and the second electrical connector 132 connects the battery pack 11 to an external device. The individual cells 111 in the battery pack 11 can be connected in series specifically in the following manner:

[0116] First, the positive polarity terminal of each single battery 111 is located on the same side of the single battery 111, and the negative polarity terminal of each single battery 111 is located on the other side of the single battery 111; that is, the polarity terminals 1111 of adjacent single batteries 111 located on the same side have the same polarity, and the polarity terminals 1111 of adjacent single batteries 111 with different polarities are electrically connected via a first electrical connector 131 arranged obliquely with respect to the x-direction. The two second electrical connectors 132 are electrically connected to the single batteries 111 at both ends of the battery pack 11, and the two second electrical connectors 132 serve as external electrical connection terminals of the battery pack 11.

[0117] Second, the polarity of the polarity terminal 1111 of the adjacent monomer battery 111 on the same side is different, that is, the positive polarity terminal of one of the two adjacent monomer batteries 111 and the negative polarity terminal of the other monomer battery 111 are located on the same side of the battery pack 11; at this time, the polarity of the polarity terminal 1111 of the two adjacent monomer batteries 111 on the same side is opposite, and the polarity terminal 1111 of the adjacent monomer battery 111 on the same side is electrically connected by the first electrical connection piece 131 arranged in parallel with the x direction; the two second electrical connection pieces 132 are electrically connected with the monomer batteries 111 at both ends of the battery pack 11, and the two second electrical connection pieces 132 are respectively used as the electrical connection terminals connected outside the battery pack 11;

[0118] The first electrical connection piece 131 and the second electrical connection piece 132 are generally an electrical connection plate. When the electrical connection plate is electrically connected with the polarity terminal 1111 of each monomer battery 111, the electrical connection plate can be welded on the polarity terminal 1111 of each monomer battery 111, or a screw can be used to fix the electrical connection plate on the polarity terminal 1111 of each monomer battery 111 to realize electrical connection.

[0119] On the basis of the above-mentioned battery module of the embodiment, an insulating sealing glue layer is laid on the top of the cylinder 121. The main part of the heat exchange device is located in the insulating sealing glue layer, and the liquid inlet end and the liquid outlet end of the heat exchange device are exposed from the insulating sealing glue layer. At the same time, the insulating sealing glue layer also fills the space between the polarity terminal 1111 and the sealing connection piece 15. In this embodiment, the electrical connection part of all the polarity terminals 1111 extends out of the insulating sealing glue layer, so as to be connected with the electrical connection piece assembly.

[0120] Laying the insulating sealing glue layer on the top of the battery module 1 has at least the following advantages:

[0121] I. Further improve the sealing performance of the heat exchange channel;

[0122] Specifically, the insulating sealing glue constituting the insulating sealing glue layer penetrates into the small gap between the heat exchange device and the polarity terminal (the insulating sealing glue cannot pass through the small gap to enter the inner cavity of the heat exchange channel), and further seals the gap in the radial direction;

[0123] II. Secondary sealing of the first avoiding hole 1211 part;

[0124] Even if there is a small gap between the sealing connection piece 15 and the shell of the monomer battery 111 and the top plate of the cylinder 121 (which does not allow the insulating sealing glue to pass through), filling the insulating sealing glue in the space between the polarity terminal 1111 and the sealing connection piece 15 can also seal such small gaps, so as to further improve the sealing performance of the first avoiding hole 1211 part;

[0125] III. Anti-condensation;

[0126] In the long-term use process, due to the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the heat exchange device, condensation will be generated on the surface. When the condensation accumulates to a certain amount, it may cause a short circuit problem. The sub-connection pipe 112 or the heat exchange device is wrapped with an insulating sealant layer. When condensation is generated on the surface of the sub-connection pipe 112 or the heat exchange device, the insulating sealant layer can prevent the battery from short circuiting.

[0127] Four, improve the stability of the heat exchange device;

[0128] Because the heat exchange device is completely wrapped with an insulating sealant layer, the stability of the heat exchange device on the battery module 1 can be further improved.

[0129] In other embodiments, the electrical connection assembly 13 can be connected with the polarity terminal 1111, and then an insulating sealant layer is laid on the top of the battery module 1, that is, the insulating sealant layer completely covers the polarity terminal 1111 of the single battery 111 and the connection part of the electrical connection assembly 13 and the polarity terminal 1111. In the entire battery module 1, when the cylinder 121 is insulated, only the electrical connection terminal of the electrical connection assembly (used to realize the series connection of the battery module 1) is exposed and charged, and the rest is insulated, so that such a battery module 1 has higher safety performance.

[0130] In order to prevent overflow during the glue injection process, the local structure of the cylinder 121 is used as a glue stop plate in this embodiment. In the z direction, the height of the side plate of the cylinder 121 is higher than the height of the top plate of the cylinder 121. The part of the side plate of the cylinder 121 higher than the top plate of the cylinder 121 is used as a glue stop plate.

[0131] As shown in Figure 9 On the basis of the above structure, the insulating protective cover 17 is further provided on the top of the battery module in this embodiment, so as to provide insulation protection for the polarity terminal 1111 and the heat exchange device. This avoids the safety hazards that may exist when the polarity terminal 1111 is exposed during the operation of the battery module, and also avoids the problem that some foreign matters in the external environment fall into the position of the polarity terminal 1111 to cause the short circuit of the battery module, thereby improving the safety of the battery module. It should be noted that if the insulating protective cover 17 completely wraps the polarity terminal 1111, it will cause difficulty in electrical connection of such a battery pack 11. Therefore, a slit is formed in the side wall of the insulating protective cover 17 in this embodiment. The electrical connection member can be connected with the polarity terminal 1111 of the battery pack 11 through the slit, so as to realize electrical connection. It should be further noted that a channel for the liquid inlet and outlet of the heat exchange device to extend out is also formed in the side wall of the insulating protective cover 17.

[0132] As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 9As shown, in order to further improve the safety of the battery module 1 in use, the pressure shell 12 of the battery module 1 is provided with a venting mechanism 124 in communication with the venting channel, and the thermal runaway smoke in the venting channel 123 is discharged out of the pressure shell 12 through the venting mechanism 124. The venting mechanism 124 specifically includes a pressure relief pipe and a pressure relief part, the pressure relief pipe is connected with the venting port of the pressure shell 12, and the pressure relief part is arranged on the pressure relief pipe or the venting port of the pressure shell 12. Among them, the pressure relief part can be a venting membrane or a venting valve. The venting mechanism 124 can ensure that the thermal runaway smoke in the battery module 1 can be smoothly discharged when the battery module 1 occurs thermal runaway, avoiding the safety hazards such as explosion in the pressure shell 12 of the battery module 1.

[0133] As shown in Figure 1 , Figure 9 and Figure 10 , the smoke collecting pipe converges the thermal runaway smoke generated by the plurality of battery modules in the energy storage device, and concentrates and leads out to the rear smoke treatment system for treatment. The smoke collecting pipe in the embodiment includes a venting collecting pipe 23, a primary collecting pipe 21 and a secondary collecting pipe 22; the venting collecting pipe 23 is connected with the venting mechanism 124 arranged in the same row of battery modules, the primary collecting pipe 21 is connected with each venting collecting pipe 23, and the thermal runaway smoke in the plurality of venting collecting pipes 23 is converged, and the secondary collecting pipe 22 is connected with each primary collecting pipe 21, and the thermal runaway smoke in each primary collecting pipe 21 is concentrated and transported to the smoke treatment system.

[0134] The smoke treatment system in the embodiment includes a liquid treatment device 3, which is connected with the secondary collecting pipe 22 in the smoke collecting pipe 2, and is mainly used for fully treating the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway smoke and part of the combustible, so as to prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose to produce combustible gas, and further reduce the content of combustible (electrolyte and combustible gas) in the thermal runaway smoke.

[0135] As shown in Figure 10 , the liquid treatment device 3 in the embodiment includes M liquid treatment tanks 31, each liquid treatment tank 31 is provided with a smoke inlet 32 and a smoke outlet 33, the smoke inlet 32 is used for inputting the thermal runaway smoke into the liquid treatment tank 31, and the smoke outlet 33 is used for discharging the treated thermal runaway smoke, and at the same time, the liquid treatment tank 31 is filled with liquid treatment medium. The number of liquid treatment tanks 31 can be set according to the demand, if the liquid treatment tanks 31 are multiple, the multiple liquid treatment tanks 31 can be connected in series through the connecting pipe 37. The shape of the liquid treatment tank 31 is not limited, which can be rectangular tank, circular tank, oval tank and the like, and the circular tank is the best, which has good pressure bearing performance.

[0136] The above M liquid treatment tanks 31 can be filled with liquid treatment medium. When filled, the liquid treatment medium is filled to about 2 / 3 of the inner cavity of the liquid treatment tank 31 to avoid the liquid treatment medium in the previous liquid treatment tank 31 being squeezed into the next liquid treatment tank 31, resulting in poor treatment effect.

[0137] In actual use, the pressure of the thermal runaway smoke of the battery module during initial explosion relief is too large, and the liquid treatment medium in the last liquid treatment tank 31 can be squeezed out of the liquid treatment tank 31 by the thermal runaway smoke. Based on this, the last liquid treatment tank 31 can be set as an empty tank. For example, the liquid treatment device 3 includes four liquid treatment tanks 31, wherein the first to third liquid treatment tanks 31 are filled with liquid treatment medium, and the fourth liquid treatment tank 31 is an empty tank. When the pressure of the thermal runaway smoke discharged by the battery module is too large, the empty tank can collect the liquid treatment medium squeezed out by the high-pressure thermal runaway smoke, avoid the liquid treatment medium being squeezed out of the liquid treatment tank 31, and improve the safety of the liquid treatment device 3 in use.

[0138] As shown in Figure 11 , the smoke inlet 32 can be arranged at the top of the liquid treatment tank 31, or at the bottom of the liquid treatment tank 31. In order to facilitate the connection of each liquid treatment tank 31, the smoke inlet 32 and the smoke outlet 33 are preferably arranged at the top of the liquid treatment tank 31. At this time, each liquid treatment tank 31 only needs to be connected at the top, which improves the connectivity of the entire thermal runaway smoke treatment system and the compactness of the pipeline arrangement. In addition, the above-mentioned connecting pipeline 37 can adopt a metal bellows. After being connected by a metal bellows, each liquid treatment tank 31 can be arranged according to the requirements of the installation space, meet various installation requirements, and save installation space.

[0139] As shown in Figure 11 , after arranging the smoke inlet 32 at the top of the liquid treatment tank 31, in order to make the thermal runaway smoke fully contact with the liquid treatment medium in the liquid treatment tank 31, the smoke inlet 32 is connected with a flow guide pipe 34, and at least part of the flow guide pipe 34 can be immersed in the liquid treatment medium. Preferably, the flow guide pipe 34 extends to the bottom of the liquid treatment tank 31 and can be completely immersed in the liquid treatment medium. When the thermal runaway smoke passes through the liquid treatment tank 31, it fully contacts with the liquid treatment medium in the liquid treatment tank 31, the liquid treatment medium fully treats the thermal runaway smoke, and the treatment effect of the liquid treatment medium is improved.

[0140] As shown in Figure 11As shown, a diversion portion 35 is provided at one end of the drainage tube 34 immersed in the liquid treatment medium. The diversion portion 35 disperses and diverts the thermal runaway flue gas and then reacts with the liquid treatment medium in the liquid treatment tank 31, so that the thermal runaway flue gas enters with a large flow rate and exits with a small flow rate, which is beneficial to the dispersion of the thermal runaway flue gas, so that the thermal runaway flue gas and the liquid treatment medium are fully contacted and reacted, thereby improving the treatment effect of the liquid treatment medium. The diversion portion 35 in this embodiment can be a foam copper column. The foam copper column is easy to install and has a good dispersion and diversion effect. During the specific installation, it is fixed to the port of the drainage tube 34 at one end immersed in the liquid treatment medium. The foam copper is a structure with a large number of three-dimensional holes in the copper matrix, which has a dispersing and buffering effect on the fluid. When in use, it is processed into a columnar structure, and the thermal runaway flue gas flows out from the foam copper column through the drainage pipe 34, and then flows out through the side wall or bottom of the foam copper column to achieve the dispersion and buffering effect on the thermal runaway flue gas, so that the diverted thermal runaway flue gas can fully contact with the liquid treatment medium.

[0141] like Figure 11 As shown, to facilitate the injection of liquid treatment medium and the pressure testing and leak detection of the liquid treatment tank 31, a three-way valve 36 is installed on the flue gas outlet 33. Specifically, the three-way valve 36 can be a three-way ball valve, etc. This three-way valve 36 can be used to fill the liquid treatment medium after the pressure testing and leak detection of all liquid treatment tanks 31 are completed. Specifically, the first port of the three-way valve 36 is connected to the flue gas outlet 33, the second port is used to discharge thermal runaway flue gas, and the third port is used to inject the liquid treatment medium.

[0142] After the pressure test and leak detection of the liquid treatment tank 31 is completed, the liquid treatment medium is filled. The liquid treatment medium is mainly used to fully treat the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway flue gas to prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose and produce combustible gas, thereby reducing the content of combustibles (electrolyte and combustible gas) in the thermal runaway flue gas. The liquid treatment medium can specifically be made of the following substances:

[0143] First, the liquid treatment medium can be an organic solvent. According to the principle of like dissolves like, the organic solvent can fully treat the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway flue gas, and at the same time can prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose. The organic solvent is specifically an ester solvent, an alcohol solvent or an aldehyde solvent. The ester solvent can specifically be diethyl phthalate solvent, methyl salicylate solvent, ethyl acetate solvent or butyl acetate solvent, etc. The alcohol solvent can specifically be benzyl alcohol solvent, isoamyl alcohol solvent, isobutanol solvent, isopropyl alcohol solvent, isooctyl alcohol solvent, n-propyl alcohol solvent or cyclohexanol solvent, etc. The aldehyde solvent is benzaldehyde solvent, heptanal, phenylpropionaldehyde or methylnonaneacetaldehyde, etc.

[0144] Second, the liquid treatment medium is an alkaline solution, which can specifically be an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, an aqueous potassium hydroxide solution, an aqueous barium hydroxide solution, etc. The alkaline solution can react with carbonate substances in the electrolyte, preventing the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to produce harmful gases, and treating the thermal runaway flue gas at the source. At the same time, the alkaline solution can cool the thermal runaway flue gas and fully dissolve the electrolyte vapor in the thermal runaway flue gas in the alkaline solution. In addition, the alkaline solution has a good treatment effect on acidic substances such as CO2, POF3 and HF, and can achieve effective treatment of thermal runaway flue gas.

[0145] Among the two liquid treatment media mentioned above, the alkaline solution not only treats the electrolyte in the thermal runaway flue gas to prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose, but also treats part of the counter-gas. The amount of gas in the thermal runaway flue gas treated with the alkaline solution of this concentration is greatly reduced. Therefore, the alkaline solution has a better treatment effect than the organic solvent.

[0146] For alkaline solutions, generally speaking, the higher the concentration, the better the treatment effect on thermal runaway flue gas. However, the applicant found that low-concentration alkaline solutions have better treatment effects than high-concentration alkaline solutions, especially alkaline solutions of 0.05 to 0.5 mol / L. When thermal runaway flue gas passes through an alkaline solution of this concentration, the amount of gas collected is minimal, and its treatment effect is better than that of alkaline solutions with a concentration of 0.5 mol / L or above. Therefore, when using alkaline solutions to treat thermal runaway flue gas, the prejudice of the prior art is overcome, and low-concentration alkaline solutions are used to treat thermal runaway flue gas, so that the alkaline solution can achieve effective treatment of thermal runaway flue gas.

[0147] In other embodiments, the liquid treatment medium may also be a liquid such as water for treating thermal runaway flue gas.

[0148] Example 2

[0149] like Figures 12 to 14 As shown, the energy storage device in this embodiment is similar to the energy storage device in Example 1, except that the structure of the heat exchange device of the battery module in this embodiment is different from that in Example 1. The heat exchange device in this embodiment is implemented by the following structure:

[0150] In this embodiment, the heat exchange device includes a hollow box body 117 with one end open. In order to ensure the regularity of the structure of the battery module 1, a component with a shape and size suitable for the top plate of the cylinder body 121 is usually used as the heat exchange device. In this embodiment, the top plate of the cylinder body 121 is a rectangular plate, so the hollow box body 117 is a cubic box body. A second avoiding hole 1174 is formed in the hollow box body 117 opposite to the open end, corresponding to each single battery 111 polarity terminal 1111. When the heat exchange device with such a structure is fixed on the top of the cylinder body 121, it is buckled on the top of the cylinder body 121, and the open end is fixed and sealed with the cylinder body 121. In the z direction, the polarity terminal 1111 penetrates the heat exchange device, that is, part of the structure of the polarity terminal 1111 is located inside the heat exchange device and directly contacts the insulating heat exchange medium, and the polarity terminal 1111 is sealed between the corresponding second avoiding hole 1174. Another part of the structure of the polarity terminal 1111 is located outside the heat exchange device and is connected with the electrical connection assembly 13. The cavity formed by the hollow box body 12 and the top plate of the cylinder body 121 serves as a heat exchange channel.

[0151] In this embodiment, in the heat exchange channel formed by the hollow box body 117, the insulating heat exchange medium not only directly exchanges heat with the polarity terminal 1111 of each single battery 111, but also directly contacts the top plate of the cylinder body 121. The insulating heat exchange medium can also directly act on the top plate of the cylinder body 121, further improving the heat exchange effect of the insulating heat exchange medium on each single battery, and having a better heat exchange effect on the battery module 1.

[0152] As shown in Figures 11 to 14 In this embodiment, a hollow box body 117 made of insulating material with one end open is selected. The hollow box body 117 is buckled on the top plate of the cylinder body 121. In order to ensure that the electrical connection part of each single battery 111 polarity terminal 1111 can smoothly pass through the corresponding second avoiding hole 1174 on the hollow box body 117, the second avoiding hole 1174 needs to have an area slightly larger than the area of the electrical connection part of the corresponding polarity terminal 1111 in the xy plane. In the z direction, it is necessary to ensure that the electrical connection part of the corresponding polarity terminal 1111 can smoothly pass through the corresponding second avoiding hole 1174.

[0153] Generally, the shape of the second avoiding hole 1174 is matched with the cross-sectional shape of the electric connection part of the polarity terminal 1111. If the second avoiding hole 1174 is a round hole and the cross-section of the electric connection part of the polarity terminal 1111 is circular, the diameter of the second avoiding hole 1174 needs to be slightly larger than the outer diameter of the electric connection part of the polarity terminal 1111. If the second avoiding hole 1174 is a square hole and the cross-section of the electric connection part of the polarity terminal 1111 is square, the area of the second avoiding hole 1174 needs to be slightly larger than the cross-sectional area of the electric connection part of the polarity terminal 1111. Of course, the shape of the second avoiding hole 1174 can also be unmatched with the cross-sectional shape of the electric connection part of the polarity terminal 1111, as long as the electric connection part of the polarity terminal 1111 can smoothly pass through the corresponding second avoiding hole 1174 and the sealing between them can be realized.

[0154] When the insulating heat exchange medium is a liquid insulating heat exchange medium, the sealing performance of the hollow box body 117 is particularly important. In order to ensure the sealing performance of the hollow box body 117, the hollow box body 117 is preferably made of an insulating material. When the hollow box body 117 is made of a non-insulating material, an insulating sealing ring can be additionally arranged between the polarity terminal 1111 and the hollow box body 117 to overcome the problem. Figure 14 As can be seen, in the embodiment, a step structure is arranged on each polarity terminal 1111 along the circumferential direction thereof, and a sealing glue layer is laid on the step surface. When the electric connection part of the polarity terminal 1111 extends out of the corresponding second avoiding hole 1174 of the hollow box body 117, the area around the second avoiding hole 1174 of the hollow box body 117 is crimped on the sealing glue layer, and at the same time, the sealing glue layer penetrates into the gap between the second avoiding hole 1174 and the polarity terminal 1111, thereby realizing the sealing between the polarity terminal 1111 and the second avoiding hole 1174. In other embodiments, an O-shaped sealing ring can also be sleeved between the polarity terminal 1111 and the second avoiding hole 1174 to realize the sealing therebetween.

[0155] The heat exchange device in the embodiment is easy to contact the pressure-bearing shell and the polarity terminal 1111 of each single battery. If the heat exchange device is conductive, there is a short circuit problem. Therefore, the heat exchange device in the embodiment preferably adopts an insulating material. When a non-insulating material is adopted, an insulating sealing ring can be additionally arranged between the polarity terminal 1111 and the heat exchange device to overcome the problem. The heat exchange device can also be insulated, for example, by spraying insulating paint or wrapping an insulating film. To be on the safe side, multiple insulation methods can be combined to overcome the problem.

[0156] In other embodiments, a hollow box body 117 with one end open can be selected from a metal material. In order to ensure the insulation between the polarity terminal 1111 and the second avoiding hole 1174, an O-shaped insulating sealing ring can be additionally arranged therebetween to realize the insulation and the sealing therebetween. The open end of the hollow box body 117 and the cylinder body 121 can be fixed and sealed by welding.

[0157] As Figure 13 and Figure 14As shown, to further improve the sealing performance of the heat exchange device, the hollow box 117 can adopt the following structure: the hollow box 117 includes a sealing top plate 1171, two first side plates 1173, and two second side plates 1172. The first side plates are parallel to the yz plane, and the second side plates are parallel to the xz plane. When manufacturing the cylinder 121, the two second side plates 1172 are integrally formed with the cylinder 121. When constructing the heat exchange device, it is only necessary to fix the sealing top plate 1171 and the first side plates 1173 of the hollow box 117. In this structure, only the sealing top plate 1171 needs to be insulated.

[0158] Example 3

[0159] like Figures 15 to 17 As shown, the energy storage device in this embodiment is similar to the energy storage device in Example 1, except that the structure of the heat exchange device of the battery module in this embodiment is different from that in Example 1. The heat exchange device in this embodiment is implemented by the following structure:

[0160] The heat exchange device includes at least one heat exchange plate 114, which has a first channel 115 extending along the x-direction and at least one group of second channels 116 arranged along the x-direction. The first channel 115 in the heat exchange plate 114 serves as a heat exchange channel, and each second channel 116 runs through the z-direction and is connected to the first channel 115; the polarity terminal 1111 of each single battery 111 passes through the second channel 116 in the z-direction and is electrically connected to the electrical connection assembly. Part of the structure of the polarity terminal of each single battery is located in the heat exchange channel and is in direct contact with the insulating heat exchange medium. The side walls of the polarity terminal 1111 of each single battery 111 are sealed between the heat exchange plate 114.

[0161] The heat exchange device will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0162] a. Figure 15 and Figure 16 As shown, the heat exchange device includes two heat exchange plates 114 arranged along the y direction, and each heat exchange plate 114 corresponds to the polarity terminals 1111 of all the single batteries 111 in the battery pack 11 on the same side;

[0163] Each heat exchange plate 114 is provided with a first channel 115 and a group of second channels 116 arranged along the x-direction. The number of second channels 116 is the same as the number of single cells 111. The first channels 115 are continuous along the x-direction. The second channels 116 are continuous along the z-direction and connected to the first channels 115. The polarity terminals 1111 of all single cells 111 on one side pass through the second channels 116 on one heat exchange plate 114 and are electrically connected to the electrical connection assembly 13. The polarity terminals 1111 of all single cells 111 on the other side pass through the second channels 116 on the other heat exchange plate 114 and are electrically connected to the electrical connection assembly 13. At the same time, the two ends of each second channel 116 are sealed from the polarity terminals 1111.

[0164] The two heat exchange plates 114 are respectively mounted on the polarity terminals 1111 on different sides of the battery pack 11, and the two heat exchange plates 114 can be connected in series. In some other embodiments, the two heat exchange plates 114 can also be connected in parallel.

[0165] b. Figure 17 and Figure 18 As shown, the heat exchange device includes a heat exchange plate 114, which is provided with a first channel 115 and two groups of second channels 116 arranged along the x-direction. The first channel 115 is continuous along the x-direction. The number of the second channels 116 is twice the number of the single cells 111. Each second channel 116 is a second channel 116 along the z-direction and is connected to the first channel 115. The polarity terminals 1111 of all the single cells 111 in the battery pack 11 pass through the second channels 116 on the heat exchange plate 114 respectively and are electrically connected to the electrical connection assembly 13. At the same time, the two ports of the second channel 116 are sealed from the polarity terminals 1111.

[0166] The present invention does not impose any specific restrictions on the cross-sectional shape of the heat exchange plate 114. Since the heat exchange plate 114 in this embodiment is placed on a planar top plate structure, considering the structural regularity, it can be seen from the figure that the heat exchange plate 114 in this embodiment is a rectangular plate. In other embodiments, heat exchange plates with other structural forms may also be used.

[0167] The first channel 115 is a channel extending along the length of the heat exchange plate 114. In the present invention, after the heat exchange plate 114 is fixed to the top of the cylinder, the length of the heat exchange plate 114 is consistent with the length of the cylinder 121. Therefore, it can be considered that the first channel 115 extends along the x-direction, and the two end ports of the first channel 115 serve as the liquid inlet and outlet of the heat exchange plate 114.

[0168] The second channel 116 is a channel 1112 penetrating the heat exchange plate 114 and communicating with the first channel 115, in the utility model, the extension direction of the second channel 116 is consistent with the height direction of the single battery 111.

[0169] In addition, each group of second channels 116 needs to correspond to the polarity terminal 1111 of the plurality of single batteries 111 on the same side; in the z direction (the height direction of the single battery 111), the size of the second channel 116 is less than the size of the corresponding polarity terminal 1111, so that the top of the polarity terminal 1111 can extend out of the second channel 116 as an electrical connection part.

[0170] The port shape of the second channel 116 in the embodiment is adapted to the cross-sectional shape of the polarity terminal 1111, the shape of the port of the second channel 116 is circular, the cross section of the polarity terminal 1111 is also circular, and the caliber of the two ports of the second channel 116 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the polarity terminal 1111; in other embodiments, the shape of the two ports of the second channel 116 can be different from the cross-sectional shape of the polarity terminal 1111, as long as the polarity terminal 1111 can be inserted into the second channel 116 and sealing can be achieved.

[0171] After the heat exchange device is installed on the top of the cylinder body, the two ports of the heat exchange device are respectively used as liquid inlet and liquid outlet ends, in order to facilitate connection with external pipelines, the embodiment further connects an adapter pipe 14 to the liquid inlet and liquid outlet ends, and the adapter pipe 14 is connected with external pipelines.

[0172] As shown in Figure 19 Because the insulating heat exchange medium flows in the heat exchange plate 114, the sealing property of the heat exchange plate 114 is particularly important, in order to ensure the sealing property of the heat exchange plate 114, the embodiment is provided with two second annular grooves extending along the circumferential direction on each polarity terminal 1111, the two second annular grooves are arranged along the z direction, and an O-shaped sealing ring 118 is embedded in the two second annular grooves, the two O-shaped sealing rings 118 are respectively pressed against the two ports of the second channel 116, so that sealing is achieved, and the stability of the heat exchange plate 114 is also improved.

[0173] It should be noted that the heat exchange plate 114 contacts the polarity terminal 1111 of the plurality of single batteries 111 and the pressure-bearing shell for polarity heat exchange, in order to avoid short circuit problems, the following methods can be used to achieve insulation between the heat exchange plate 114 and the polarity terminal 1111:

[0174] 3.1, the heat exchange plate 114 made of insulating material can achieve insulation between the heat exchange plate 114, the pressure-bearing shell and the polarity terminal 1111, and also achieve insulation between the heat exchange plate 114 and the top of the battery pack 11;

[0175] 3.2, the heat exchange plate 114 is made of non-insulating material, and an insulating member ring is additionally arranged between the polar terminal 1111 and the heat exchange plate 114; the side wall of the heat exchange plate 114 is insulated, for example, by spraying insulating paint, wrapping insulating film, etc.; for safety, multiple insulation methods can be combined to overcome this problem.

[0176] In this embodiment, the heat exchange plate 114 is made of insulating material to achieve insulation between the heat exchange plate 114 and the top of the battery pack 11 and the polar terminal 1111.

[0177] To further improve the stability of the heat exchange plate 114 on the battery pack 11, an L-shaped connecting rib can be additionally arranged between the heat exchange plate 114 and the cylinder 121. The horizontal plate of the L-shaped connecting rib is fixedly connected with the heat exchange plate 114, and the vertical plate of the L-shaped connecting rib is fixedly connected with the cylinder 121. The specific connection method can be selected according to the material of the heat exchange plate 114. For example, the heat exchange plate 114 in this embodiment is made of insulating material, so the L-shaped connecting rib and the heat exchange plate 114 and the cylinder 121 can be fixedly connected by screws. When the heat exchange plate 114 is made of metal material, the L-shaped connecting rib and the heat exchange plate 114 and the cylinder 121 can be fixedly connected by welding.

[0178] Embodiment 4

[0179] As shown in Figures 20 to 23 , the energy storage device in this embodiment is similar to the energy storage device in Embodiment 1, except that the heat exchange device structure of the battery module in this embodiment is different from that in Embodiment 1. The heat exchange device in this embodiment is realized by the following structure:

[0180] As shown in Figures 20 to 22 , the heat exchange device includes a connecting pipe assembly, the polar terminal 1111 of each single battery 111 is provided with a channel 1112 penetrating the polar terminal 1111 in the x direction, the connecting pipe assembly connects the channels 1112 on the polar terminals 1111 of adjacent single batteries 111, forming a heat exchange channel, and the connecting pipe assembly is insulated from the polar terminal 1111 of each single battery 111.

[0181] The polar terminal 1111 described herein can be a single battery 111 pole, and when the height of the single battery 111 pole does not meet the set requirements, a pole adapter can be connected to the single battery 111 pole, and the combined structure of the single battery 111 pole and the pole adapter is used as the single battery 111 polar terminal 1111. The polar terminal 1111 in this embodiment is a single battery 111 pole, which is higher in height than a conventional single battery 111 pole.

[0182] The shape of the polar terminal 1111 of each single battery 111 is not limited in the embodiment, and the cross section thereof can be square, circular or the like. Meanwhile, the cross section of the channel 1112 is not limited, and the channel 1112 with a regular structure such as a circular or square cross section can be generally adopted. In addition, the cross section area of the channel 1112 is not too large, so as not to affect the conductivity of the polar terminal 1111, and the cross section area of the channel 1112 is not too small, so as not to affect the heat exchange area and the heat exchange effect. The cross section area of the channel 1112 can be as large as possible under the premise of not affecting the conductivity of the polar terminal 1111, so as to increase the heat exchange area and improve the heat exchange effect.

[0183] From Figure 22 It can be seen that the connecting pipe assembly of the embodiment includes a plurality of sub connecting pipes 112. The two ends of each sub connecting pipe 112 are connected with the channels 1112 of the polar terminals 1111 of the single batteries 111 located on the same side, respectively, to form two heat exchange channels at the top of the battery pack 11. Meanwhile, the sub connecting pipe 112 is used to connect the channels 1112 of the two polar terminals 1111 of the outermost single battery 111 in the battery pack 11, to realize the series connection of the two heat exchange channels, form a U-shaped heat exchange channel, and the free ends of the channels 1112 of the two polar terminals 1111 of the other outermost single battery 111 can be directly used as the two ports of the U-shaped heat exchange channel. The two ports of the U-shaped heat exchange channel are used as the liquid inlet end and the liquid outlet end, respectively.

[0184] In other embodiments, the two heat exchange channels can be connected in parallel, that is, the ports located on one side of the two heat exchange channels are used as the liquid inlet end, and the ports located on the other side of the two heat exchange channels are used as the liquid outlet end.

[0185] In order to facilitate the connection with the external pipeline, the embodiment further connects an adapter pipe 14 with the free ends used as the liquid inlet end and the liquid outlet end, to realize the connection with the external pipeline through the adapter pipe 14.

[0186] In the assembly, the two ends of the sub-connection pipe 112 are respectively inserted into the two ports of the adjacent single battery 111 polarity terminal 1111 channel 1112. When the sub-connection pipe 112 adopts a pipe segment of hard material, it is required that the channels 1112 on the adjacent single battery 111 polarity terminal 1111 must be coaxial to achieve effective connection. However, in some cases, due to the existence of machining errors, it is difficult to guarantee the coaxiality of the channels 1112 on the adjacent single battery 111 polarity terminal 1111, therefore, the non-connection part of the sub-connection pipe 112 (here, the non-connection part is the part of the sub-connection pipe 112 that is not connected with the port of the channel 1112, and can also be understood as the middle segment of the sub-connection pipe 112) is preferably flexible, based on the deformation of the sub-connection pipe 112, to overcome the above machining errors, and facilitate the sealed connection of the sub-connection pipe 112 with the corresponding channel 1112 port.

[0187] As shown in Figure 21 , in order to make the connection of the polarity terminal 1111 of each single battery 111 and the sub-connection pipe 112 more reliable, a fixing part 1113 can also be provided on the side wall of the above-mentioned polarity terminal 1111, which can adopt the following structure:

[0188] First, the fixing part 1113 is an annular boss integrally formed on the side wall of the polarity terminal 1111 and protruding from the side wall of the polarity terminal 1111, and the channel 1112 passes through the annular boss;

[0189] a. As shown in Figure 21 , the annular boss includes a first annular boss, and the outer wall circumferential dimension of the first annular boss is adapted to the inner wall circumferential dimension of the sub-connection pipe 112, that is, the outer wall circumferential dimension of the first annular boss is consistent with or slightly smaller than the inner wall circumferential dimension of the sub-connection pipe 112;

[0190] In connection, the sub-connection pipe 112 is sleeved on the outer wall of the first annular boss to realize the communication of the channels 1112 between the single batteries 111, and in detail, the sub-connection pipe 112 can be sleeved on the first annular boss by interference fit; the fixing part 1113 of this structure can increase the heat exchange area of the insulating heat exchange medium passing through, and also facilitate quick and reliable connection with the sub-connection pipe 112.

[0191] b. The annular boss includes a second annular boss, and the inner wall circumferential dimension of the second annular boss is adapted to the outer wall circumferential dimension of the sub-connection pipe 112, that is, the inner wall circumferential dimension of the second annular boss is consistent with or slightly smaller than the outer wall circumferential dimension of the sub-connection pipe 112;

[0192] In the connection, the sub-connection pipe 112 is embedded into the inner wall of the second annular boss to realize the communication of the passages 1112 between the single batteries 111. In the connection, the sub-connection pipe 112 can be inserted into the second annular boss through interference fit.

[0193] c. The annular boss comprises a first annular boss and a second annular boss. The outer wall of the first annular boss is adapted to the inner wall of the sub-connection pipe 112 in the circumferential dimension. The inner wall of the second annular boss is adapted to the outer wall of the sub-connection pipe 112 in the circumferential dimension.

[0194] In the connection, the sub-connection pipe 112 is clamped in the annular groove between the first annular boss and the second annular boss. At this time, the inner wall of the sub-connection pipe 112 is in contact with the outer wall of the first annular boss, and the outer wall of the sub-connection pipe 112 is in contact with the inner wall of the second annular boss. The fixing part 1113 of this structure can fix the inner wall and the outer wall of the sub-connection pipe 112 at the same time, improve the stability of the connection between the sub-connection pipe 112 and the polar terminal 1111, and at the same time, the fixing part 1113 of this structure forms multiple sealed contact surfaces between the sub-connection pipe 112 and the fixing part 1113, further improving the sealing and reliability of the connection.

[0195] Second, the fixing part 1113 is a third annular groove provided on the side wall of the polar terminal 1111.

[0196] The third annular groove is similar in shape to the sub-connection pipe 112, and the groove width of the third annular groove is consistent with or slightly smaller than the wall thickness of the sub-connection pipe 112. The groove width of the third annular groove specifically refers to the radial dimension of the third annular groove. In the connection, the end of the sub-connection pipe 112 is embedded in the third annular groove. Compared with the structure of the fixing part 1113 being an annular boss, the fixing part 1113 of this structure can be machined on the existing polar terminal 1111, reducing the manufacturing cost of the polar terminal 1111.

[0197] In addition, since the insulating heat exchange medium flows in the heat exchange passage, the sealing of the entire heat exchange passage is particularly important. In order to ensure the sealing of the heat exchange passage, the sub-connection pipe 112 and the fixing part 1113 of the corresponding polar terminal 1111 are connected in an interference fit. In other embodiments, a sealing ring can be additionally provided between the two to further improve the sealing performance of the connection part. When the sub-connection pipe 112 is made of metal, the connection and sealing between the polar terminal 1111 and the sub-connection pipe 112 can also be achieved by welding. However, attention should be paid to the insulation between the polar terminal 1111 and the sub-connection pipe 112 at this time.

[0198] In order to further optimize the heat exchange effect, functional structures can be set on the polarity terminal 1111, including heat-conducting ribs, dot-shaped pits, protrusions, etc. set on the inner wall of the channel 1112; the heat-conducting ribs, dot-shaped pits, and protrusions can increase the contact area between the insulating heat exchange medium and the polarity terminal 1111, thereby effectively improving the heat exchange effect. Figure 21 As shown, in this embodiment, multiple thermally conductive ribs 1114 are disposed within channel 1112. These ribs 1114 are evenly distributed along the circumference of channel 1112, and each rib 1114 extends axially along channel 1112. These ribs 1114 increase the contact area between the insulating heat exchange medium and the polarity terminals 1111, thereby increasing the heat exchange area and effectively improving the heat exchange effect. In other embodiments, the number and arrangement of the thermally conductive ribs 1114 can be adjusted based on the size of channel 1112, so as not to affect the flow of the insulating heat exchange medium.

[0199] It should be noted that:

[0200] 1. Because the polarity terminals 1111 of the present invention are in direct contact with the insulating heat exchange medium, the ideal insulating heat exchange medium should possess excellent insulation, high specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity, good flame retardancy, low cost, suitable operating temperature, long life, and be non-corrosive. In the present invention, the insulating heat exchange medium is a commonly used insulating heat exchange medium in the prior art, including, but not limited to, insulating oil and fluorinated liquid.

[0201] 2. Since the connecting tube assembly is in direct contact with the polarity terminals 1111, the connecting tube 112 and the two polarity terminals 1111 to which it is connected must be insulated. Insulation can usually be achieved by the following methods:

[0202] 2.1. Select the sub-connecting pipe 112 made of insulating material;

[0203] 2.2. If the sub-connecting tube 112 is made of non-insulating material, the wall of the sub-connecting tube 112 can be insulated, for example, by spraying insulating paint or wrapping it with an insulating film. The inner wall where the channel 1112 and the sub-connecting tube 112 are connected can also be insulated, for example, by spraying insulating paint. An insulating sleeve can also be added between the sub-connecting tube 112 and the channel 1112. Of course, for the sake of safety, the above methods can be combined to adopt multiple insulation methods to achieve insulation between the channel 1112, the sub-connecting tube 112, and the polarity terminal 1111.

[0204] 2.3. If the transfer tube 14 is made of metal, insulation between the transfer tube 14 and the polarity terminal 1111 must also be achieved. Specifically, the insulation treatment can be achieved in a similar manner to the insulation of the sub-connecting tube 112.

[0205] Example 5

[0206] The energy storage device in this embodiment is similar to the energy storage devices in Embodiments 1 to 4, except that, as shown in Figure 24 The smoke treatment system in this embodiment includes a liquid treatment device 3 and an ignition device 6. The liquid treatment device 3 is arranged at the front end of the ignition device 6. The thermal runaway smoke generated by the thermal runaway of the battery module is first delivered to the liquid treatment device 3 through the smoke bus duct 2. After being treated by the liquid treatment device 3, the remaining gas is ignited and treated by the ignition device 6. The above-mentioned ignition device 6 can adopt the structure disclosed in Chinese patents CN220324645U, CN219453979U, CN218523576U, CN218498146U, CN218414927U, etc.

[0207] In other embodiments, the smoke treatment system can only include the ignition device 6. The ignition device 6 performs controllable ignition treatment on the thermal runaway smoke to avoid the safety hazards caused by the discharge of the thermal runaway smoke.

[0208] As shown in Figure 24 The ignition device 6 in this embodiment includes a smoke pipeline 61 and at least one group of ignition assemblies. The smoke pipeline 61 is connected with the smoke bus duct 2. The ignition assemblies are connected on the smoke pipeline 61. The number of the ignition assemblies can be set according to the requirements, which can be set as one group, two groups, or three groups, etc. When set as multiple groups, not only can the thermal runaway smoke be fully ignited to ensure reliable ignition, but also the safety hazards caused by the failure or malfunction of a single ignition assembly to reliably ignite the thermal runaway smoke can be avoided.

[0209] As shown in Figure 24As shown, each ignition assembly includes a smoke exhaust pipe 62 connected with the smoke pipe 61 (when there are multiple ignition assemblies, the smoke exhaust pipes 62 of the multiple ignition assemblies are all communicated with the smoke pipe 61, and when there is one ignition assembly, the smoke exhaust pipe 62 and the smoke pipe 61 are made of the same pipe), and an igniter 63 arranged at the outlet of the smoke exhaust pipe 62, which is opened when the thermal runaway smoke passes through the smoke exhaust pipe 62, and ignites the thermal runaway smoke exhausted from the smoke exhaust pipe 62. The opening of the igniter 63 can be triggered by a trigger 64 or the BMS (battery management system). When triggered by the trigger 64, the trigger 64 can be a sensor of different structures, which can be arranged on the smoke exhaust pipe 62 or the smoke pipe 61, and can detect parameters such as temperature, pressure or gas volume fraction in real time, and when the set threshold is exceeded, a signal can be sent to start the igniter 63. Specifically, the trigger 64 can be at least one of a pressure sensor, a gas sensor or a temperature sensor. When triggered by the trigger 64, a flame arrester 65 can also be arranged on the smoke exhaust pipe 62, which is preferably a pipeline flame arrester, and is used to prevent the flame from transmitting downward through the smoke exhaust pipe 62 to damage the trigger 64 and other devices. When triggered by the BMS, the BMS can monitor the voltage, current and temperature of the battery pack in real time, and when any single battery cell is in thermal runaway, the voltage, current and temperature exceed the threshold, and the igniter 63 is started.

[0210] The structure of the igniter 63 can be various, for example, an existing electric arc igniter or resistance wire igniter can be used, and the electric arc igniter can be a pulse igniter. The power supply mode of the igniter 63 can be dry batteries or alternating current according to the site environment.

[0211] Embodiment 6

[0212] The energy storage device in this embodiment is similar to the energy storage device in Embodiments 1 to 5, but differs in that, as shown, Figure 25 As shown, the smoke treatment system in this embodiment includes a liquid treatment device 3 and a solid treatment device 5 arranged in sequence. As known from Embodiment 5, the liquid treatment device 3 can effectively treat the thermal runaway smoke, so that the volume of the treated thermal runaway smoke is greatly reduced. On this basis, the solid treatment device 5 can be used to treat the remaining gas, so that the treated thermal runaway smoke is completely non-combustible.

[0213] The solid treatment device 5 in the embodiment is arranged at the rear end of the liquid treatment device 3, and is used for treating the thermal runaway flue gas treated by the liquid treatment device 3. The solid treatment device 5 includes at least one solid treatment tank 51. The number of the solid treatment tanks 51 can be arranged according to the number of the single batteries and the demand. If the solid treatment tanks 51 are multiple, the multiple solid treatment tanks 51 can be arranged in series. At this time, the flue gas inlet of the first solid treatment tank 51 is connected with the flue gas outlet 33 of the last liquid treatment tank 31 in the liquid treatment device 3. The solid treatment tank 51 has a similar specific structure to the liquid treatment tank 31, and is filled with solid adsorption medium inside, which is used for treating the thermal runaway flue gas treated by the liquid treatment tank 31.

[0214] The solid adsorption medium in the solid treatment tank 51 can be activated carbon, graphene, carbon nanotube, graphite, alumina, montmorillonite, silicate, phosphate or porous glass, etc., which is used for treating the residual gas treated by the liquid treatment tank 31, such as adsorbing the excess H2, CO, methane, ethylene, etc. Preferably, the solid adsorption medium is activated carbon with relatively low cost and relatively excellent treatment effect. Generally, the activated carbon with high iodine value or modified activated carbon is selected. Such activated carbon is easy to be adsorbed with small molecular weight gas in the thermal runaway flue gas, such as hydrogen and methane.

[0215] The flue gas treatment system in the embodiment introduces the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the battery module thermal runaway into the liquid treatment tank 31 for treatment. The liquid treatment tank 31 treats the electrolyte and part of the gas carried in the thermal runaway flue gas, prevents the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose to generate gas, thereby reducing the gas production of the battery thermal runaway gas. The subsequent solid treatment tank 51 uses less solid adsorption medium to complete the treatment of the thermal runaway flue gas. At the same time, the treated gas is non-combustible, which improves the safety of the battery module thermal runaway.

[0216] In other embodiments, the flue gas treatment system can also use the solid treatment device 5 alone to treat the thermal runaway flue gas. Or the flue gas treatment system can use the flue gas cooling device alone to treat the thermal runaway flue gas, or the flue gas treatment system combines the flue gas cooling device and the solid treatment device 5 to treat the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0217] The smoke cooling device in the embodiment is used for cooling treatment of the thermal runaway smoke, and includes at least one cooling treatment tank. Each cooling treatment tank is provided with a smoke inlet and a smoke outlet. If the cooling treatment tanks are multiple, the multiple cooling treatment tanks can be connected in series. At this time, the smoke inlet of the first cooling treatment tank is connected with the secondary flow collecting pipe. The cooling treatment tank is filled with a cooling medium, which is used for cooling treatment of the thermal runaway smoke. The cooling medium can be ceramic balls, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, graphite rods, porous ceramics, etc. When the thermal runaway smoke passes through the cooling treatment tank, the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway smoke is cooled to a liquid state after passing through the cooling medium and is collected in the cooling treatment tank, thereby reducing the concentration of combustible substances in the thermal runaway smoke. At the same time, the cooling treatment tank also cools the gas in the thermal runaway smoke, which can reduce the temperature of the thermal runaway smoke.

[0218] Embodiment 7

[0219] The energy storage device in the embodiment is similar to the energy storage devices in the embodiments 1 to 6, and the difference is that the primary fire extinguishing unit in the embodiment further includes a buffer device 4, which is arranged between the smoke flow collecting pipe 2 and the smoke treatment system and buffers the thermal runaway smoke entering the smoke treatment system. The structure of the buffer device is described by taking the buffer device 4 arranged at the front end of the liquid treatment device 3 as an example. In other embodiments, the buffer device 4 can also be arranged at the front end of the ignition device 6, and the thermal runaway smoke is directly ignited after being buffered.

[0220] As shown in Figure 26 , the buffer device 4 includes at least one buffer tank 41. Each buffer tank 41 is provided with a smoke inlet 42 and a smoke outlet 43 which are in communication with the inner cavity of the buffer tank 41. The smoke inlet 32 of the first liquid treatment tank 31 is connected with the smoke outlet 43 of the last buffer tank 41. In the above buffer device 4, the number of buffer tanks 41 can be set according to the number of battery modules 1 and the demand. If the buffer tanks 41 are multiple, the multiple buffer tanks 41 can be connected in series through the connecting pipe. The shape of the buffer tank 41 is not limited, which can be a rectangular tank body, a circular tank body and an oval tank body, etc. The circular tank body is the best choice, which has good pressure-bearing performance.

[0221] The number of buffer tanks 41 in the embodiment is one, and the buffer tank 41 is an empty tank body, which is not filled with substances inside. The buffer tank 41 is arranged between the smoke flow collecting pipe 2 and the smoke treatment system, and mainly has the following functions:

[0222] First, the buffer tank 41 buffers the thermal runaway smoke;

[0223] The buffer tank 41 is arranged in front of the flue gas treatment system, buffers the thermal runaway flue gas, slows down the speed of the thermal runaway flue gas, and reduces the pressure of the thermal runaway flue gas, so that the thermal runaway flue gas enters the liquid treatment tank 31 or the ignition device 6 at a relatively stable flow rate, the liquid treatment medium can treat the thermal runaway flue gas more fully, or when the thermal runaway flue gas is ignited by the ignition device, the combustion flame is relatively stable, avoiding the defects that the thermal runaway flue gas with instantaneous large pressure rapidly passes through the liquid treatment medium and the thermal runaway flue gas cannot be fully treated, and the treatment effect of the liquid treatment medium is improved;

[0224] Second, the electrolyte in the thermal runaway flue gas is collected;

[0225] The battery module with a shared chamber has a certain amount of free electrolyte, which is sprayed out with the thermal runaway flue gas when the battery module is in thermal runaway, especially when the explosion venting area is arranged at the bottom of the shell, almost all the free electrolyte in the shared chamber is sprayed out with the thermal runaway flue gas. The buffer tank 41 is arranged in front of the liquid treatment device, which buffers the thermal runaway flue gas and separates the gas and liquid at the same time, so that the electrolyte carried by the thermal runaway flue gas is collected in the buffer tank 41, thereby reducing the amount of liquid treatment medium used in the subsequent liquid treatment device;

[0226] When the battery module is in thermal runaway, almost all the free electrolyte in the battery module is sprayed out with the thermal runaway flue gas, and the electrolyte is ignited with the combustible gas. At this time, the liquid electrolyte carried by the thermal runaway flue gas may cause flame spatter and other hazards during combustion. At the same time, when the thermal runaway flue gas is ignited, the electrolyte in the thermal runaway flue gas participates in combustion at the same time as the combustible gas, producing a large amount of combustion flame, which may affect the devices near the ignition device 6 and pose a certain safety hazard. The buffer tank 41 is arranged in front of the ignition device 6, which buffers the thermal runaway flue gas and separates the gas and liquid at the same time, so that the electrolyte carried by the thermal runaway flue gas is collected in the buffer tank 41. Not only can it prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose and produce combustible gas, reducing the amount of combustible gas, but also when the subsequent thermal runaway flue gas is ignited, only the combustible gas is burned (the electrolyte has been collected by the buffer tank), so that the size of the flame when the thermal runaway flue gas is ignited is reduced, reducing the safety hazard to the surrounding environment;

[0227] Third, the thermal runaway flue gas is removed;

[0228] When the battery module is in thermal runaway, the temperature inside each single battery is about 140℃-850℃. At this temperature, the separators, plastic films, plastic parts and other easy-melting parts inside the single battery are melted by high temperature. The above molten substances are ejected from the battery cavity along with the high-temperature and high-pressure thermal runaway smoke. During the process of flowing through the smoke collecting pipe 2 to the rear thermal runaway smoke treatment device, the molten substances gradually solidify and block the pipeline in the smoke treatment system as the temperature of the thermal runaway smoke decreases. At this time, the addition of the above buffer tank 41 can collect the impurities such as molten substances in the buffer tank 41 when the thermal runaway smoke is buffered in the buffer tank 41, thereby avoiding the blockage problem of the subsequent pipeline.

[0229] Fourth, the backflushed liquid treatment medium is collected;

[0230] When the battery module is in thermal runaway, the thermal runaway smoke ejected instantaneously has high pressure. The high-pressure thermal runaway smoke enters the liquid treatment tank 31 through the smoke collecting pipe 2. Since the liquid treatment tank 31 is filled with liquid treatment medium and is provided with a shunt, the thermal runaway smoke cannot be discharged from the liquid treatment tank 31 in time, and the liquid treatment tank 31 is pressurized. At this time, the following phenomena may occur: the liquid treatment medium in the liquid treatment tank 31 is backflushed by the high-pressure gas in the liquid treatment tank 31 to the smoke collecting pipe 2, the smoke collecting pipe 2 is blocked, and the subsequent generated thermal runaway smoke cannot be smoothly discharged to the liquid treatment tank 31 through the smoke collecting pipe 2;

[0231] A buffer tank 41 is added in front of the liquid treatment tank 31. When the liquid treatment medium in the liquid treatment tank 31 is backflushed, the liquid treatment medium is backflushed and collected in the front buffer tank 41, and does not flow into the smoke collecting pipe 2, thereby avoiding the blockage problem of the smoke collecting pipe 2, so that the thermal runaway smoke can be smoothly discharged to the liquid treatment device for treatment.

[0232] As Figure 26As shown, the buffer tank 41 is provided with a smoke inlet 42 and a smoke outlet 43 which are in communication with the inner cavity of the buffer tank 41. The smoke inlet 42 is mainly used for connecting with the smoke collecting pipe 2, and the smoke collecting pipe 2 is used for conveying the thermal runaway smoke generated by the battery module to the buffer tank 41. The smoke outlet 43 is mainly used for discharging the thermal runaway smoke in the buffer tank 41. The smoke inlet 42 and the smoke outlet 43 can be arranged on the side wall of the buffer tank 41 or on the top of the buffer tank 41. In the embodiment, the smoke inlet 42 and the smoke outlet 43 are arranged on the top of the buffer tank 41. The smoke inlet 42 is arranged on the top of the buffer tank 41, which can make the solid impurities and electrolyte carried by the thermal runaway smoke deposit on the bottom of the buffer tank 41 under the action of gravity, and the liquid in the buffer tank 41 is difficult to be squeezed into the smoke collecting pipe 2 in front of the buffer tank 41 through the smoke inlet 42 on the top of the buffer tank 41. The smoke outlet 43 is arranged on the top of the buffer tank 41, which can make the solid impurities and electrolyte carried by the thermal runaway smoke not be discharged smoothly, and the gas in the thermal runaway smoke can be discharged from the buffer tank 41 smoothly.

[0233] In addition, a liquid discharge valve (not shown in the figure) can be arranged at the bottom of the buffer tank 41, and the liquid discharge valve can timely discharge the liquid in the buffer tank 41. In order to facilitate the standardization and integration of the energy storage device, the buffer tank 41 can adopt a structure similar to the liquid treatment tank 31. Meanwhile, a three-way valve can be installed on the smoke outlet 43 of the buffer tank 41, and the liquid treatment tank 31 and the buffer tank 41 can be subjected to a pressure test and a leakage test at the same time.

[0234] Embodiment 8

[0235] The energy storage device in the embodiment is similar to the energy storage device in the embodiments 1 to 7, and the difference is that, as shown, Figure 26 The smoke treatment system in the embodiment further includes at least one safety device (each safety device includes a safety pipe 71 and a safety discharge part 72).

[0236] If the smoke treatment system does not have a safety device, the following problems can exist:

[0237] Firstly, if multiple battery modules simultaneously occur thermal runaway, the pressure of the thermal runaway smoke can be too large to open the explosion venting mechanism of the battery module reversely, which can affect the battery modules that do not occur thermal runaway and cause safety hazards, or damage the seal of the connection part of the smoke collecting pipe and cause the smoke collecting pipe to leak and cause safety hazards.

[0238] Secondly, since the liquid treatment tank 31 is filled with liquid treatment medium and is provided with a flow dividing part, the heat runaway flue gas cannot be discharged from the liquid treatment tank 31 in time, the heat runaway flue gas is accumulated in the flue gas manifold and is pressurized, when the pressure is too large, the reverse opening of the explosion relief mechanism of the battery module will affect the battery module that does not occur heat runaway, and a safety hazard will be caused, or the seal at the connection of the flue gas manifold will be damaged, the flue gas manifold will leak, and a safety hazard will be caused.

[0239] Therefore, the energy storage device of the embodiment can further comprise at least one safety device, which can discharge the heat runaway flue gas through the safety device when the pressure of the heat runaway flue gas in the flue gas manifold is too large, so as to avoid the safety hazard caused by the too large pressure of the flue gas manifold, and the safety of the energy storage device is improved.

[0240] As shown in Figure 26 each safety device comprises a safety pipeline 71 and a safety discharge part 72; the inlet of the safety pipeline 71 is in communication with the flue gas manifold, and the outlet is in communication with the external environment, or the outlet of the safety pipeline 71 is connected with the flue gas outlet of the Mth liquid treatment tank 31, or the outlet of the safety pipeline 71 is connected with the flue gas outlet of the last solid treatment tank 51, or the outlet of the safety pipeline 71 is in communication with the flue gas pipeline 61 of the ignition device 6. The safety discharge part 72 is arranged on the safety pipeline 71, and the opening pressure thereof is less than the opening pressure of the explosion relief mechanism 124 of the battery module. The safety device is used to discharge the heat runaway flue gas from the safety pipeline 71 when the pressure of the heat runaway flue gas in the flue gas manifold is too large to cause a safety hazard, so as to avoid the heat runaway flue gas affecting the battery module that does not occur heat runaway, or affecting the sealability of the connection of the flue gas manifold, and the safety of the energy storage device during use is improved.

[0241] The safety discharge part 72 can be realized by the following structures: first, a pressure relief membrane or a pressure relief valve is used; the pressure relief membrane or the pressure relief valve is installed on the safety pipeline 71; second, a safety valve is used, which can be opened at a set pressure; the safety valve can be a pressure valve, which can be automatically opened at a certain pressure; the pressure valve has a set opening threshold, and when the pressure in the flue gas manifold exceeds the threshold, the pressure valve is automatically opened, and the reliability is high, in addition, the installation of the safety valve is also convenient; third, a pressure measuring device and a control valve are used; the pressure measuring device is used to monitor the pressure of the gas in the flue gas manifold, and the control valve is opened when the pressure of the gas in the flue gas manifold exceeds the threshold; the pressure measuring device can be a pressure sensor, and the control valve is an electromagnetic valve, which is signal connected with the pressure measuring device, and the pressure measuring device controls the opening of the electromagnetic valve according to the pressure in the flue gas manifold.

[0242] Embodiment 9

[0243] The energy storage device in the embodiment is similar to the energy storage device in Embodiments 1 to 8, except that the fire safety system in the embodiment further comprises a secondary fire unit 8.

[0244] As shown in Figure 27 and Figure 28 , the secondary fire unit 8 mainly comprises a fire device 81 and a fire pipeline 82; the fire device 81 stores fire extinguishing substances, and the fire pipeline 82 is used to deliver the fire extinguishing substances in the fire device 81 into the box of the energy storage device. The inlet of the fire pipeline 82 is connected with the fire device 81, and the outlet is arranged in the box of the energy storage device.

[0245] In the embodiment, at least one fire extinguishing agent nozzle is arranged on the fire pipeline 82, and the fire extinguishing agent nozzle is arranged at the top of the box of the energy storage device. The fire extinguishing agent nozzle is used to spray the fire extinguishing substances to ensure that the fire extinguishing substances can cover all the battery modules. A certain amount of fire extinguishing substances, specifically perfluorohexanone, heptafluoropropane, aerosol, water, etc., are stored in the fire device 81. Meanwhile, a control valve is arranged at the outlet of the fire device 81. The control valve is started by the BMS or by the sensor arranged in the box of the energy storage device. When the sensor is started, the sensor comprises at least two of a temperature sensor, a gas sensor, and a smoke detector. The sensor monitors the environment in the box of the energy storage device in real time, and opens the control valve according to the detection data.

[0246] When the battery module is in thermal runaway, the thermal runaway smoke of the thermal runaway battery can be led out and treated by the primary fire unit, and the thermal diffusion is prevented, so that the situation that other batteries or even the whole energy storage device are out of control and explode due to thermal diffusion when individual battery modules are in thermal runaway is avoided. Meanwhile, the gathering of high-temperature and high-pressure gas in a limited space to cause danger is also avoided. When the thermal runaway smoke exists in the box of the energy storage device, the secondary fire unit 8 is started to spray the fire extinguishing substances on the thermal runaway smoke in the box of the energy storage device and the burning and exploding battery, so as to further prevent the thermal runaway from continuing to occur. The primary fire unit and the secondary fire unit 8 can cool and extinguish the battery in thermal runaway according to the situation, which greatly improves the safety of the energy storage device.

[0247] As shown in Figure 27 and Figure 28As shown, the fire safety system of the embodiment can also include a third fire unit 9. The third fire unit 9 includes a fire water spray pipeline 91 and at least one water mist nozzle 92 arranged on the fire water spray pipeline 91, and the fire water spray pipeline 91 is connected to an external fire water pipe, and the water mist nozzle 92 is arranged on the top of the box of the energy storage device. When multiple battery modules are in thermal runaway and the combustion fire is large, the fire water spray pipeline 91 can cooperate with the second fire unit 8 to extinguish the fire of the multiple batteries, or after the extinguishing substance in the second fire unit 8 is consumed, the third fire unit 9 is started to continue to take corresponding fire extinguishing measures on the battery modules, further improving the safety of the entire energy storage device. In other embodiments, the fire safety system described above can also not be provided with a third fire unit 9; or when the extinguishing substance in the second fire unit 8 is water, the third fire unit 9 is a fire water connector arranged on the fire pipeline 82, which is connected to an external fire water pipe.

[0248] The working principle of the fire safety system described above is as follows:

[0249] When the battery modules in the box of the energy storage device are working normally, the first fire unit, the second fire unit 8 and the third fire unit 9 are not working, when a certain battery module is in thermal runaway, the thermal runaway smoke generated by the thermal runaway of the battery module is transported to the smoke treatment system through the smoke busbar for treatment; when the smoke busbar leaks or the smoke treatment device fails, there is thermal runaway smoke in the box of the energy storage device, or the battery module is on fire or explodes, the second fire unit 8 is started, and the fire extinguishing device 81 sprays the extinguishing substance through the fire pipeline 82, which prevents the thermal runaway smoke from causing a fire or the extinguishing substance from extinguishing the battery that has caught fire or exploded, if the fire cannot be controlled after the second fire unit 8 is actuated: the third fire unit 9 connects to an external fire water, and the water mist nozzle 92 is used for fire extinguishing. Or when multiple battery modules are in thermal runaway and the combustion fire is large, the second fire unit 8 and the third fire unit 9 are started at the same time to start fire extinguishing.

[0250] It should be noted that when the second fire unit 8 and the third fire unit 9 are started, the ignition device 6 in the first fire unit does not work.

Claims

1. An energy storage device, characterized by, The battery module comprises a battery pack and a pressure-bearing shell; the battery pack comprises a plurality of single batteries arranged in the pressure-bearing shell along an x direction; The pressure-bearing shell is a closed pressure shell, and has a venting channel in the pressure-bearing shell, and the venting channel covers a venting part of each single battery; a first avoiding hole is formed in the top plate of the pressure-bearing shell corresponding to the polarity terminal of each single battery; the polarity terminal of each single battery extends out of the first avoiding hole and is connected in series through an electrical connection assembly; the region of the top plate of the pressure-bearing shell corresponding to the first avoiding hole is fixedly sealed with the shell of the single battery. The top of the pressure-bearing shell is provided with a heat exchange device, which is insulated from the pressure-bearing shell and each single battery; the heat exchange device has a heat exchange channel through which an insulating heat exchange medium passes, and the insulating heat exchange medium in the heat exchange channel directly contacts and exchanges heat with the polarity terminal of each single battery. The fire safety system comprises a primary fire unit, and the primary fire unit comprises a smoke flow collecting pipe and a smoke treatment system. The pressure-bearing shell is provided with a venting mechanism communicating with the venting channel, and the venting mechanism of each battery module is connected with the smoke flow collecting pipe, and the smoke flow collecting pipe delivers the thermal runaway smoke of each battery module to the smoke treatment system for treatment. The heat exchange device is a hollow box with an open end, the open end of the hollow box is sealingly fixed with the top plate of the pressure-bearing shell, and the cavity formed by the hollow box and the top plate of the pressure-bearing shell is used as the heat exchange channel; the second avoiding hole is formed in the hollow box corresponding to the polarity terminal of each single battery, and the polarity terminal of each single battery extends out of the corresponding second avoiding hole and is sealingly connected with the second avoiding hole.

2. The energy storage device of claim 1, wherein, The heat exchange device comprises a connecting pipe assembly, each single battery is provided with a channel penetrating through the polarity terminal, and the connecting pipe assembly connects the channels on the polarity terminals of adjacent single batteries to form the heat exchange channel, and the connecting pipe assembly is insulated from the polarity terminal of each single battery.

3. The energy storage device of claim 1, wherein, The heat exchange device comprises at least one heat exchange plate, the heat exchange plate has a first channel extending along the x direction and at least one group of second channels arranged along the x direction, the first channel of the heat exchange plate is used as the heat exchange channel, each second channel penetrates in the z direction and is connected to the first channel; the polarity terminal of each single battery penetrates through the second channel in the z direction and is electrically connected with the electrical connection assembly, and part of the structure of the polarity terminal of each single battery is located in the heat exchange channel and directly contacts with the insulating heat exchange medium.

4. The energy storage device of claim 1, wherein, The pressure-bearing shell comprises a cylinder with at least one open end at the top or bottom, a top plate sealing the open end of the top of the cylinder, and a bottom plate sealing the open end of the bottom of the cylinder, and the top plate is provided with a protrusion extending along the x direction, and the venting channel is formed in the protrusion.

5. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein An insulating sealing adhesive layer is arranged above the pressure-bearing shell, the main part of the heat exchange device is located in the insulating sealing adhesive layer, a connecting pipe connected with the liquid inlet and liquid outlet of the heat exchange device extends out of the insulating sealing adhesive layer, an insulating protective cover is arranged on the top of the pressure-bearing shell, and the polarity terminal of each single battery and the heat exchange device are located in the insulating protective cover.

6. The energy storage device of claim 5, wherein, The smoke treatment system comprises at least one of a liquid treatment device, a solid treatment device, a smoke cooling device, and an ignition device.

7. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein ​ The liquid treatment device is mainly used for treating electrolyte and gas in the thermal runaway smoke; The smoke cooling device is mainly used for cooling the thermal runaway smoke; The solid treatment device is mainly used for adsorbing gas in the thermal runaway smoke; The ignition device is used for igniting the thermal runaway smoke.

8. The energy storage device of claim 7, wherein, The liquid treatment device comprises M liquid treatment tanks, each of which is provided with a smoke inlet and a smoke outlet, the first to the M-1th liquid treatment tanks are filled with liquid treatment medium, and the Mth liquid treatment tank is empty, wherein M is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

9. The energy storage device of claim 8, wherein, The smoke treatment system comprises a liquid treatment device and an ignition device; the ignition device is connected to the smoke outlet of the Mth liquid treatment tank, and is used for igniting the thermal runaway smoke treated by the liquid treatment device.

10. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein The primary fire extinguishing unit further comprises a buffer device, the buffer device comprises at least one buffer tank, the buffer tank is provided with a smoke inlet and a smoke outlet which communicate with the inner cavity of the buffer tank, and the buffer device is arranged between the smoke collecting pipe and the smoke treatment system, and is used for buffering the thermal runaway smoke.

11. The energy storage device of claim 10, wherein, The primary fire extinguishing unit further comprises a safety device, the safety device comprises a safety pipeline and a safety discharge part; the inlet of each safety pipeline communicates with the smoke collecting pipe, the outlet of the safety pipeline communicates with the external environment, and the safety discharge part is arranged on the safety pipeline and has an opening pressure less than the opening pressure of the explosion venting mechanism of the battery module.

12. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein The fire safety system further comprises a secondary fire extinguishing unit, the secondary fire extinguishing unit comprises a fire extinguishing device and a fire extinguishing pipeline; the fire extinguishing device contains fire extinguishing substances, and the fire extinguishing pipeline is used for conveying the fire extinguishing substances in the fire extinguishing device into the box of the energy storage equipment.

13. The energy storage device of claim 12, wherein, The fire safety system further comprises a tertiary fire extinguishing unit, the tertiary fire extinguishing unit comprises a fire water spraying pipeline and at least one water mist nozzle arranged on the fire water spraying pipeline, and the inlet of the fire water spraying pipeline is used for being connected with an external fire water pipe.

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