Energy storage equipment

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the field of batteries, and particularly relates to energy storage equipment. The problem that potential safety hazards exist after thermal runaway flue gas of existing energy storage equipment is exhausted is solved. The energy storage equipment comprises a fire safety system and a battery pack assembly; the battery pack assembly comprises an explosion venting collecting pipe and a battery module assembly, and the battery module assembly comprises a battery module and a liquid cooling device; the battery module comprises a plurality of single batteries arranged along the same direction; the liquid cooling device comprises a liquid cooling plate; the liquid cooling plate is provided with a first channel and a second channel which are isolated from each other; a plurality of through holes penetrating through the first channel are formed in the liquid cooling plate; the polar terminals of the single batteries are inserted into the corresponding through holes one by one, and the electric connecting parts extend out of the through holes; and the battery module explosion venting part is connected with the inlet end of the second channel. The outlet end of the second channel of each battery module is communicated with the explosion venting collecting pipe, thermal runaway flue gas enters a fire safety system through the second channel to be treated, and potential safety hazards generated after the thermal runaway flue gas is exhausted are reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model belongs to the field of battery, specifically relates to a kind of energy storage equipment. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the development of solar energy, wind energy and other new energy, energy storage technology also develops, since lithium battery has the advantages of high energy, long service life, high rated voltage, high power bearing, low self-discharge rate, gradually becomes the mainstream product of energy storage.

[0003] With the scale application of lithium battery energy storage equipment, the safe use of lithium ion battery also attracts attention. Due to the high concentration of battery modules in energy storage equipment, under the influence of factors such as overcharge, overdischarge, overheating and mechanical impact, the battery separator is easy to collapse and internal short circuit, which leads to thermal runaway, generates thermal runaway smoke, and the above thermal runaway smoke is easy to gather and burn, and even cause explosion, causing safety hazards. SUMMARY

[0004] The utility model aims at providing a kind of energy storage equipment, solve the problem of safety hazard after the thermal runaway smoke of existing energy storage equipment is discharged.

[0005] The technical scheme of the utility model provides a kind of energy storage equipment, including fire safety system and at least one battery pack component;

[0006] The fire safety system includes a primary fire unit, the primary fire unit includes a smoke gas busbar and a smoke gas treatment unit, the smoke gas busbar is used to transport the thermal runaway smoke generated by each battery pack component into the smoke gas treatment unit, and the smoke gas treatment unit is used to process the thermal runaway smoke;

[0007] Each battery pack component includes a blast venting busbar and at least one battery module component;Each battery module component includes a battery module and a liquid cooling device;

[0008] The battery module includes a plurality of single batteries arranged along the x direction;The liquid cooling device is a liquid cooling plate arranged at the top of the battery module, and the liquid cooling plate is provided with a first channel and a second channel isolated from each other;The first channel serves as an insulating heat transfer medium flow passage;The second channel serves as a thermal runaway smoke pretreatment passage, and the second channel inlet end is connected with the blast venting part of the battery module;A plurality of through holes corresponding to all single battery polarity terminals in the battery module are formed on the liquid cooling plate;Each through hole extends along the z direction and penetrates the first channel;Each single battery polarity terminal is inserted into the corresponding through hole, and the electrical connection part protrudes from the through hole;The polarity terminal side wall and the through hole are insulated and sealed;

[0009] In each battery pack component, the second channel outlet end of each battery module is communicated with the blast venting busbar, and the outlet end of the blast venting busbar is communicated with the smoke gas busbar of the primary fire unit.

[0010] The utility model discloses energy storage equipment includes multiple battery module components, and each battery module component includes battery module and liquid cooling device, and each battery module is by multiple monomer battery and a shell with shared chamber constitutes, and multiple monomer batteries are placed in the shell, and the shared chamber and the cavity of each monomer battery in the shell are through, the difference between each monomer battery is reduced, and the consistency between each monomer battery is improved to a certain extent, thereby the cycle life of battery module is improved to a certain extent.

[0011] Meanwhile, the liquid cooling device is directly arranged on the top of the battery module, each polarity terminal is inserted into the corresponding through hole, and in the z direction, the electrical connection part of the polarity terminal protrudes out of the through hole; the two ports of the through hole are sealed with the corresponding polarity terminal. The first channel is used as a flow channel for the heat transfer medium, and part of the structure of the polarity terminal is located in the inner cavity of the first channel and directly contacts the heat transfer medium. Compared with the indirect heat exchange effect of the heat transfer medium on the polarity terminal through the tubular heat exchange part in Chinese patent CN118299714A, first, the heat exchange path is shortened (from "heat transfer medium-heat exchange part-polarity terminal" to "heat transfer medium-polarity terminal"), which can improve the utilization efficiency of the heat transfer medium; second, the heat exchange area is increased (from "a certain surface area of the clamping groove" to "part of the structure of the polarity terminal located in the inner cavity of the first channel"), which improves the heat exchange efficiency and further improves the heat exchange efficiency of such battery module.

[0012] The second channel is used as a heat runaway flue gas pretreatment channel; when the battery module experiences heat runaway, the heat runaway flue gas is transported into the second channel in the liquid cooling plate, and the second channel buffers and processes the heat runaway flue gas, so that the heat runaway flue gas is discharged at a relatively stable flow rate. When the heat runaway flue gas is buffered and processed in the second channel, the heat transfer medium in the first channel can also be used to cool the gas in the second channel. The high-temperature heat runaway flue gas is cooled in the second channel, thereby removing the high-temperature property of the heat runaway flue gas and avoiding damage to subsequent pipelines, joints and other related devices after the heat runaway flue gas is discharged, thereby improving the safety of the battery module.

[0013] Meanwhile, the utility model sets up one -level fire control unit in energy storage equipment, including flue gas collecting pipe and flue gas processing unit, and the second channel export end is connected through the explosion vent collecting pipe, flue gas collecting pipe and flue gas processing unit, and the heat runaway flue gas after pretreatment enters the flue gas processing unit through the explosion vent collecting pipe and flue gas collecting pipe in turn and is handled, further reduces the security risk generated after the heat runaway flue gas is discharged.

[0014] Further, different first channels can be obtained by setting different shaped partitions in the liquid cooling device, for example, two first partitions in a linear shape can be set in the liquid cooling plate; the two first partitions are arranged along the y direction, and both of the two first partitions extend along the x direction, so as to divide the inner cavity of the liquid cooling plate into two first channels and one second channel, and the second channel is located between the two first channels. A second partition in a U shape can also be set in the liquid cooling plate; the cavity between the second partition and the side plate of the liquid cooling plate is used as the first channel, and the inner cavity of the second partition is used as the second channel; in this structure, a first connecting pipe needs to be additionally arranged, one end of the first connecting pipe is connected with the bottom plate of the second partition and penetrates the second channel, and the other end of the first connecting pipe extends out of the liquid cooling plate and is used as the outlet end of the second channel.

[0015] Further, the battery module explosion venting part is the explosion venting port or explosion-proof port of each single battery; the second channel inlet end is multiple and arranged along the x direction on the bottom plate of the liquid cooling plate and connected with the explosion venting port or explosion-proof port of each single battery one by one.

[0016] Further, the battery module further comprises an electrolyte sharing pipeline; the inner cavity of the electrolyte sharing pipeline is in communication with the electrolyte area of the inner cavity of each single battery, and at least one end of the electrolyte sharing pipeline is provided with an explosion venting mechanism.

[0017] The explosion venting mechanism is used as the battery module explosion venting part; the second channel inlet end is located on the third side plate of the liquid cooling plate and connected with the explosion venting mechanism.

[0018] Further, the battery module further comprises a shell; the plurality of single batteries are arranged along the x direction in the inner cavity of the shell.

[0019] The shell is provided with at least one electrolyte sharing cavity and an explosion venting mechanism in communication with the electrolyte sharing cavity, the inner cavity of the electrolyte sharing cavity is in communication with the inner cavities of all single batteries; the top plate of the shell is provided with a relief hole corresponding to the polarity terminal of each single battery; the polarity terminal of each single battery extends out of the relief hole, and the region of the top plate of the shell corresponding to the relief hole is fixedly sealed with the shell of the single battery.

[0020] The explosion venting mechanism is used as the battery module explosion venting part; the second channel inlet end is located on the third side plate of the liquid cooling plate and connected with the explosion venting mechanism.

[0021] Further, the top plate of the shell is paved with a second insulating sealant layer, and the liquid cooling device is located in the second insulating sealant layer. On the one hand, the sealing performance of each part of the liquid cooling device can be further improved; on the other hand, the insulating sealant can also penetrate into the parts of the relief hole that have completed the preliminary sealing, so as to further improve the sealing performance of the relief hole; on the third hand, due to the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the liquid cooling device during long-term use, condensation may be generated on the surface, and when the condensation accumulates to a certain amount, short circuit may occur; by paving the insulating sealant layer on the top of the battery module, when the condensation is generated on the surface of the liquid cooling device, the short circuit of the battery can be prevented under the protection of the insulating sealant layer; on the fourth hand, the insulating sealant layer is wrapped outside the entire liquid cooling device, and when the liquid cooling device is made of non-insulating material, the insulation between the liquid cooling device and the top of the battery module can be further improved.

[0022] Further, the functional structure is arranged on the polar terminal, and the functional structure is used for increasing the heat exchange area of the polar terminal.

[0023] Further, the functional structure is n first annular grooves, and n is an integer greater than or equal to 1; each first annular groove extends in the circumferential direction of the side wall of the polar terminal, and the n first annular grooves are arranged in the height direction of the polar terminal. The annular groove is relatively convenient to process compared with other functional structures, so that the polar terminal has a lower cost.

[0024] Further, the above-mentioned flue gas treatment unit comprises at least one of a liquid treatment device, a solid treatment device, a flue gas cooling device and an ignition device; the above-mentioned liquid treatment device is mainly used for treating electrolyte and gas in the thermal runaway flue gas; the above-mentioned flue gas cooling device is mainly used for cooling treatment of the thermal runaway flue gas; the above-mentioned solid treatment device is mainly used for adsorbing treatment of the gas in the thermal runaway flue gas; and the above-mentioned ignition device is used for ignition treatment of the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0025] The flue gas treatment unit of the energy storage equipment of the utility model processes the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the energy storage equipment in multiple ways to avoid the safety hazards caused by the thermal runaway flue gas after being discharged.

[0026] Further, the above-mentioned flue gas treatment unit comprises a liquid treatment device, the liquid treatment device comprises M liquid treatment tanks, each liquid treatment tank is provided with a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet, the first liquid treatment tank to the M-1th liquid treatment tank is filled with a liquid treatment medium, and the Mth liquid treatment tank is an empty tank, wherein M is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0027] The utility model discloses energy storage equipment, because the above-mentioned battery module has a certain amount of electrolyte, the electrolyte is sprayed after heat runaway flue gas with heat runaway flue gas in battery module heat runaway, and the liquid treatment device carries out effective treatment to the electrolyte in heat runaway flue gas, simultaneously, the liquid treatment device's M liquid treatment jar is empty jar, when heat runaway flue gas pressure is too big, empty jar can collect the liquid treatment medium of high pressure heat runaway flue gas extrusion liquid treatment jar, avoids the liquid treatment medium being extruded to the device of subsequent, produces the influence to rear device.

[0028] Further, the above-mentioned flue gas treatment unit further comprises an ignition device; the above-mentioned ignition device is connected at the flue gas outlet of the Mth liquid treatment tank, and is used for igniting the heat runaway flue gas treated by the liquid treatment device.

[0029] In the energy storage equipment, the ignition device controllably ignites the heat runaway flue gas treated by the liquid treatment device, and the heat runaway flue gas after ignition can be directly discharged, without hidden dangers such as combustion explosion.

[0030] Further, the above-mentioned liquid treatment medium is an alkali solution, which can not only fully treat the electrolyte carried in the heat runaway flue gas to prevent the decomposed reaction of the vaporized electrolyte to produce flammable gas, but also treat part of the gas in the heat runaway flue gas, so that the gas amount of the heat runaway flue gas after treatment by the alkali solution is greatly reduced. The treatment effect of the NaOH solution with a concentration of 0.05-0.5 mol / L on the heat runaway flue gas is more prominent.

[0031] Further, the above-mentioned primary fire-fighting unit further comprises a buffer device, the above-mentioned buffer device comprises at least one buffer tank, the above-mentioned buffer tank is provided with an inlet and an outlet which communicate with the inner cavity thereof, and the above-mentioned buffer device is arranged between the flue gas collecting pipe and the flue gas treatment unit, and is used for buffering the heat runaway flue gas. The buffer tank is added at the front end of the flue gas treatment unit, which not only buffers the heat runaway flue gas, but also makes the heat runaway flue gas enter the flue gas treatment unit at a relatively stable flow rate, so that the heat runaway flue gas is fully treated by the liquid treatment device, and meanwhile, the buffer tank can collect part of the electrolyte carried in the heat runaway flue gas to reduce the use amount of the liquid treatment device behind.

[0032] Further, the primary fire-fighting unit further comprises a safety device, the safety device comprising safety pipes and a safety discharge part; the inlet of each safety pipe is communicated with the smoke gas manifold or the buffer tank, and the outlet of the safety pipe is communicated with the external environment; the safety discharge part is arranged on the safety pipe, and the opening pressure of the safety discharge part is less than the opening pressure of the battery module explosion venting part. When the pressure of the thermal runaway smoke in the smoke gas manifold is too large, the safety device can discharge the thermal runaway smoke through the safety device, so as to avoid the safety hazard caused by the excessive pressure of the smoke gas manifold, and the safety of the thermal runaway smoke treatment is improved.

[0033] Further, the smoke gas manifold comprises a primary manifold and a secondary manifold, the primary manifold is connected with the outlet end of the battery pack assembly explosion venting manifold, and the secondary manifold is connected with each primary manifold to centrally transport the thermal runaway smoke in each primary manifold to the smoke gas treatment unit.

[0034] Further, the fire safety system further comprises a secondary fire-fighting unit, the secondary fire-fighting unit comprising a fire-fighting device and a fire-fighting pipe; the fire-fighting device contains fire extinguishing substances, and the fire-fighting pipe is used for conveying the fire extinguishing substances in the fire-fighting device into the box of the energy storage equipment. When the thermal runaway smoke exists in the box of the energy storage equipment or the battery module is on fire or explodes, the secondary fire-fighting unit can prevent the thermal runaway smoke from causing a fire or extinguish the fire of the battery module that has occurred. Through the cooperation of the primary fire-fighting unit and the secondary fire-fighting unit, the safety of the battery module of the entire energy storage equipment is protected, and the safety of the entire energy storage equipment can be further improved.

[0035] Further, the fire safety system further comprises a tertiary fire-fighting unit, the tertiary fire-fighting unit comprising a fire-fighting water spraying pipe and at least one water mist nozzle arranged on the fire-fighting water spraying pipe, and the inlet of the fire-fighting water spraying pipe is used for being connected with an external fire-fighting water pipe. When multiple batteries are in thermal runaway and the fire is large, or after the fire extinguishing substances in the secondary fire-fighting unit are consumed, the tertiary fire-fighting unit can continue to extinguish the fire of the battery, and the safety of the entire energy storage equipment is further improved.

[0036] The utility model discloses the beneficial effect is:

[0037] The utility model discloses energy storage equipment includes multiple battery module assemblies, and each battery module assembly includes battery module and liquid cooling device, and each battery module is by multiple single battery and a shell with shared chamber constitutes, and multiple single batteries are placed in the shell, utilize shared chamber and the cavity of each single battery in the shell through -going, reduced the difference between each single battery, promoted the consistency between each single battery to a certain extent, thereby the cycle life of battery module is promoted to a certain extent.

[0038] At the same time, the liquid cooling device is directly arranged on the top of the battery module, each polarity terminal is inserted into the corresponding through hole, and in the z direction, the electrical connection part of the polarity terminal protrudes out of the through hole; the two ports of the through hole are sealed with the corresponding polarity terminal. The first channel is used as a flow channel of the heat transfer medium, and part of the structure of the polarity terminal is located in the inner cavity of the first channel and directly contacts the heat transfer medium. Compared with the effect of the heat transfer medium indirectly exchanging heat with the polarity terminal through the tubular heat exchange part in the Chinese patent CN118299714A, firstly, the heat exchange path is shortened (from "heat transfer medium-heat exchange part-polarity terminal" to "heat transfer medium-polarity terminal"), which can improve the utilization efficiency of the heat transfer medium; secondly, the heat exchange area is increased (from "a certain surface area of the clamping groove" to "part of the structure of the polarity terminal located in the inner cavity of the first channel"), which improves the heat exchange efficiency, and further improves the heat exchange efficiency of the battery module.

[0039] The second channel is used as a heat runaway flue gas pretreatment channel; when the battery module is in heat runaway, the heat runaway flue gas is transported into the second channel in the liquid cooling plate, and the second channel buffers and processes the heat runaway flue gas, so that the heat runaway flue gas is discharged at a relatively stable flow rate. When the heat runaway flue gas is buffered and processed in the second channel, the heat transfer medium in the first channel can also be used to cool the gas in the second channel. The high-temperature heat runaway flue gas is cooled in the second channel, thereby removing the high-temperature property of the heat runaway flue gas, avoiding damage to subsequent pipelines, joints and other related devices caused by the heat runaway flue gas, and improving the safety of the battery module.

[0040] At the same time, the utility model discloses a first fire-fighting unit in energy storage equipment, including flue gas collecting pipe and flue gas processing unit, and the second channel export is connected with flue gas processing unit through the explosion vent collecting pipe and flue gas collecting pipe, and the heat runaway flue gas after pretreatment enters flue gas processing unit through the explosion vent collecting pipe and flue gas collecting pipe in proper order and is handled, further reduce the security risk that heat runaway flue gas discharges produces. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0041] Figure 1 It is energy storage equipment structure schematic diagram;

[0042] Figure 2 It is battery pack assembly structure schematic diagram;

[0043] Figure 3 It is battery module assembly structure schematic diagram in embodiment 1;

[0044] Figure 4 It is explosion structure schematic diagram of battery module assembly in embodiment 1;

[0045] Figure 5 It is battery module assembly sectional view in embodiment 1;

[0046] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a liquid cooling device of Embodiment 1;

[0047] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a partial structure of a liquid cooling device of Embodiment 1;

[0048] Figure 8 A sectional view of a liquid cooling device of Embodiment 1;

[0049] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of a partial structure of a battery module assembly of Embodiment 1;

[0050] Figure 10 A sectional view of a battery module assembly of Embodiment 1 with added U-shaped connecting ribs;

[0051] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of a partial structure of a liquid cooling device of Embodiment 2;

[0052] Figure 12 A schematic diagram of a battery module assembly of Embodiment 3;

[0053] Figure 13 A schematic diagram of a partial structure of a liquid cooling device of Embodiment 3;

[0054] Figure 14 A schematic diagram of a partial structure of another liquid cooling device of Embodiment 3;

[0055] Figure 15 A schematic diagram of a battery pack assembly structure of Embodiment 4;

[0056] Figure 16 A schematic diagram of a battery module assembly of Embodiment 4;

[0057] Figure 17 A sectional view of a battery module assembly of Embodiment 4;

[0058] Figure 18 A sectional view of a battery module assembly of Embodiment 5;

[0059] Figure 19 An exploded view of a housing of Embodiment 5;

[0060] Figure 20 A schematic diagram of a structure of a cylinder of Embodiment 5.

[0061] Figure 21 A schematic diagram of a structure of a fire safety system of Embodiment 6;

[0062] Figure 22 A schematic diagram of a structure of a primary fire unit of Embodiment 6;

[0063] Figure 23 AFigure 1 Enlarged view of the area a;

[0064] Figure 24 Structural diagram of the liquid treatment device in Example 6;

[0065] Figure 25 Cross-sectional view of the liquid treatment tank in Example 6;

[0066] Figure 26 Structural diagram of the flue gas treatment unit containing the liquid treatment device, the solid treatment device, and the ignition unit in Example 6;

[0067] Figure 27 Structural diagram of the flue gas treatment unit containing the buffer tank, the liquid treatment device, and the ignition unit in Example 6;

[0068] Figure 28 Structural diagram of the secondary fire extinguishing unit and the tertiary fire extinguishing unit in Example 6.

[0069] Reference numerals in the drawings are:

[0070] 1, liquid cooling device; 11, liquid cooling plate; 12, first partition plate; 13, first channel; 14, second channel; 15, through hole; 16, heat transfer medium inlet; 17, heat transfer medium outlet; 18, second channel inlet end; 19, second partition plate; 10, first connecting pipe; 20, battery module; 21, single battery cell; 1211, polarity terminal; 212, electrical connection part; 122, explosion vent branch pipe; 23, open-ended box body; 124, U-shaped connecting rib; 125, electrolyte sharing pipeline; 126, second connecting pipe; 127, first annular groove; 3, shell; 31, shell top plate; 132, shell bottom plate; 33, avoidance hole; 34, first insulating sealant layer; 35, support; 36, electrolyte sharing chamber; 37, boss; 38, gas sharing chamber; 39, end plate; 30, explosion vent mechanism; 40, second insulating sealant layer; 41, cylinder body; 411, cylinder body side plate; 412, cylinder body top plate;

[0071] 2, fire safety system; 020, primary fire unit; 021, secondary fire unit; 022, tertiary fire unit; 211, primary manifold; 2120, secondary manifold; 22, flue gas treatment unit; 230, liquid treatment device; 2301, liquid treatment tank; 2302, connecting pipeline; 2303, flue gas inlet; 2304, flue gas outlet; 2305, liquid treatment medium filling port; 2306, drainage pipe; 2307, flow dividing part; 2308, spiral baffle; 2210, ignition device; 2220, safety pipeline; 2230, safety discharge part; 231, solid treatment tank; 2321, flue gas pipeline; 2322, smoke exhaust pipe; 2323, igniter; 2324, trigger; 2325, fire damper; 234, buffer tank; 2341, smoke inlet; 2342, smoke outlet; 24, fire extinguishing device; 25, fire extinguishing pipeline; 26, fire extinguishing water spraying pipeline; 27, water mist nozzle;

[0072] 32, explosion vent manifold; 5, battery pack assembly; 51, explosion vent manifold; 52, battery module assembly; 6, insulation shield. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0073] In order to make the above-mentioned purpose, features and advantages of the present application more apparent, obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor should belong to the protection scope of the present application.

[0074] In the following description, many specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application, but the present application can also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar generalizations without departing from the connotation of the present application, therefore the present application is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0075] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship of the terms "top, bottom, etc." is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the indicated device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, therefore it cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application. In addition, the terms "first, second, third, fourth, etc." are only for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0076] As Figure 1 shown, the present application discloses a kind of energy storage equipment, including fire safety system 2 and at least one battery pack assembly 5.

[0077] The fire safety system 2 comprises a primary fire unit 020, the primary fire unit 020 comprising a smoke flow collecting pipe and a smoke treatment unit, the smoke flow collecting pipe being used for conveying the thermal runaway smoke generated by each battery pack assembly 5 to the smoke treatment unit, and the smoke treatment unit being used for treating the thermal runaway smoke.

[0078] As shown in Figure 2 , each battery pack assembly 5 comprises a blast vent collecting pipe 51 and at least one battery module assembly 52.

[0079] As shown in Figure 3 , each battery module assembly 52 comprises a battery module 20 and a liquid cooling device 1.

[0080] The liquid cooling device is mainly used for heat exchange of the battery module 20, and can also be used for pretreatment of the thermal runaway smoke of the battery module 20.

[0081] The heat exchange here can be understood as heat dissipation of the battery module or heating of the battery module; when the temperature of the battery module is higher than a set threshold, the battery module is cooled by introducing a heat transfer medium with a lower temperature into the liquid cooling device; when the temperature of the battery module is lower than the set threshold, the battery module is heated by introducing a heat transfer medium with a higher temperature into the liquid cooling device; by controlling the temperature of the heat transfer medium, the battery module can always operate at a normal working temperature.

[0082] The pretreatment here can include the following aspects:

[0083] The first aspect is to buffer the thermal runaway smoke of the battery module, so that the thermal runaway smoke is discharged at a relatively stable flow rate;

[0084] The second aspect is to cool the thermal runaway smoke of the battery module, so as to remove the high-temperature attribute of the thermal runaway smoke and avoid damage to subsequent pipelines, joints and other related devices after the thermal runaway smoke is discharged, thereby improving the safety of the battery module;

[0085] Such battery modules can at least include the following three types:

[0086] The first type of battery module:

[0087] As shown in Figure 3 , Figure 4 , and Figure 5 , the first type of battery module 20 comprises a plurality of single batteries 21 arranged in the same direction;

[0088] For ease of description, in the utility model, the arrangement direction of the single battery 21 is defined as the x direction; the height direction of the single battery 21 is defined as the z direction; and the direction perpendicular to the x direction and the z direction is defined as the y direction.

[0089] The second type of battery module 20:

[0090] As shown in Figure 12 The second type of battery module 20 adds at least one electrolyte sharing pipeline 125 based on the first type of battery module 20, and the electrolyte sharing pipeline 125 is used to connect the electrolyte zones in the cavities of the plurality of single batteries 21, so as to realize electrolyte sharing, reduce the difference between the single batteries 21, and optimize the cycle performance of the battery module 20. The battery module 20 can also include a gas sharing pipeline, and the gas sharing pipeline is used to connect the gas zones in the cavities of the plurality of single batteries 21, so as to achieve gas balance and further optimize the cycle performance of the battery module 20. The at least one end of the electrolyte sharing pipeline 125 is provided with a blast releasing mechanism 30.

[0091] The third type of battery module 20:

[0092] As shown in Figure 16 and Figure 17 The third type of battery module 20 adds a shell 3 based on the first type of battery module 20, and the plurality of single batteries 21 are arranged along the x direction and placed in the cavity of the shell 3.

[0093] The shell 3 structure is not limited in the utility model, and at least the following two structures can be used:

[0094] The first structure includes a cylinder with two open ends (i.e., the port parallel to the yz plane is an open end) and end plates fixed at the two open ends of the cylinder (i.e., the end plates are parallel to the yz plane);

[0095] The second structure includes a cylinder with the top and bottom being open ends (i.e., the port parallel to the xy plane is an open end) and a top plate and a bottom plate fixed at the top and bottom open ends of the cylinder (i.e., the top plate and the bottom plate are parallel to the xy plane, and the bottom plate can be an integral structure with the cylinder);

[0096] The sharing chamber is arranged in the shell 3.

[0097] It should be noted that:

[0098] The shared chamber can be an electrolyte shared chamber 36, the inner cavity of the electrolyte shared chamber 36 and the inner cavities of the single batteries 21 are communicated, and the single batteries 21 can be in a unified electrolyte environment through the electrolyte shared chamber 36, so that the uniformity of the electrolyte in the single batteries 21 is ensured, and the performance and charge-discharge cycle life of the battery module 20 are improved. The electrolyte shared chamber 36 described herein is a liquid channel extending along the length direction of the shell 3 between the shell bottom plate 132 and the single batteries 21. The liquid channel can be integrally formed with the shell bottom plate 132, or can be formed by arranging a support 35 between the lower cover plate of the single battery 21 and the shell bottom plate 132. It should be noted that in the shell 3 of the first structure, the shell bottom plate 132 herein is the bottom plate of the cylinder 41; in the shell 3 of the second structure, the shell bottom plate 132 herein is the bottom plate.

[0099] The shared chamber can also be a gas shared chamber 38 arranged on the shell top plate 31, and the gas shared chamber 38 covers the gas ports on the top of the single batteries 21 in the battery module 20.

[0100] It should be noted that in the shell 3 of the first structure, the shell top plate 31 herein is the top plate of the cylinder; in the shell 3 of the second structure, the shell top plate 31 herein is the top plate.

[0101] It should also be noted that the gas port includes the following two meanings:

[0102] 1) The gas port is a first through hole directly arranged on the upper cover plate of the single battery 21 and penetrating the inner cavity of the single battery 21;

[0103] At this time, the inner cavity of the gas shared chamber 38 is communicated with the gas area in the inner cavity of each single battery 21 through the gas port, and the gas shared chamber 38 can communicate the gas areas of the single batteries 21, so as to achieve gas balance and make the single batteries 21 share gas to ensure the consistency of the single batteries 21, thereby improving the cycle life of the battery module 20 to a certain extent; when thermal runaway occurs in any single battery 21, the smoke in the inner cavity of the single battery 21 enters the gas shared chamber 38 and is discharged through the gas shared chamber 38, thereby improving the safety of the battery module 20.

[0104] 2) The gas port is a venting port or explosion-proof port arranged on the upper cover plate of the single battery 21, and the venting port or explosion-proof port is provided with a venting membrane;

[0105] At this time, the gas shared chamber 38 is used as a venting channel, and when the venting membrane at the gas port of any single battery 21 is broken by the smoke in the inner cavity, the inner cavity of the single battery 21 and the gas shared chamber 38 are communicated, and the smoke in the inner cavity is discharged through the gas shared chamber 38, thereby improving the safety of the battery module 20.

[0106] The shared chamber can also be a gas-liquid shared chamber, which can make each single battery 21 in a unified electrolyte environment and gas environment, thereby improving the performance and charge-discharge cycle life of the battery module 20.

[0107] The electrolyte shared chamber and the gas shared chamber can be communicated through a channel provided on the end plate of the shell (here, the end plate is a plate in the shell parallel to the yz plane).

[0108] The shell 3 of the battery module 20 is also provided with a blast relief mechanism 30 in communication with the electrolyte shared chamber.

[0109] In order to facilitate the electrical connection of such a battery module 20, an avoiding hole 33 is provided on the shell top plate 31 (in the first type of shell 3, the shell top plate 31 here is the top plate of the cylinder; in the second type of shell 3, the shell top plate 31 here is the top plate) corresponding to the polarity terminal 1211 of each single battery 21; each single battery 21 polarity terminal 1211 extends out of the corresponding avoiding hole 33 as the polarity terminal 1211 of the battery module 20, and the area of the shell top plate 31 corresponding to the avoiding hole 33 is fixedly sealed with the shell 3 of the single battery 21, so that the avoiding hole 33 part of the shell top plate 31 is sealed.

[0110] It should be noted that the single battery 21 polarity terminal 1211 described here can be a single battery 21 pole, and if the single battery 21 pole cannot be smoothly extended out of the avoiding hole 33 or the height of the single battery 21 pole extended out of the avoiding hole 33 does not meet the set requirements, a pole adapter can also be connected to the single battery 21 pole, and the entire structure of the single battery 21 pole and the pole adapter combined together can be used as the single battery 21 polarity terminal 1211.

[0111] In order to improve the heat exchange efficiency of the above three types of battery modules 20, the present application adopts a similar inventive concept as Chinese patent CN118299714A, that is, mainly performing heat exchange on the single battery 21 polarity terminal 1211 which concentrates more heat, but unlike Chinese patent CN118299714A, the present application considers that by optimizing the structure, a direct heat exchange method is adopted, so that the polarity terminal 1211 is directly in contact with the heat transfer medium, and the heat exchange of the polarity terminal 1211 is realized.

[0112] At the same time, in order to further improve the reliability of the above-mentioned battery module 20 during operation, the present application considers that the thermal runaway flue gas of such a battery module 20 is pretreated before being discharged.

[0113] Based on the above inventive concept, the present application adjusts the structure of the heat exchange member, such as Figure 6 to Figure 11As shown, the original tubular heat exchange element is optimized into a liquid cooling device 1 with a first channel 13 and a plurality of through holes 15 penetrating the first channel 13 in the z direction; each through hole 15 corresponds to one of the polarity terminals 1211 of all the single batteries 21 in the battery module 20, and the area of the through hole 15 in the xy plane is slightly larger than the area of the corresponding polarity terminal 1211 in the xy plane, ensuring that the corresponding polarity terminal 1211 can be inserted into the through hole 15, and in the z direction, the size of the through hole 15 is smaller than the size of the corresponding polarity terminal 1211, ensuring that in the z direction, the top end of the polarity terminal 1211 extends out of the through hole 15 as an electrical connection part 212; the first channel 13 is used as a flow channel for the insulating heat transfer medium, and the inlet and outlet of the first channel 13 are respectively connected to the outlet and inlet of the liquid cooling device.

[0114] Meanwhile, a second channel 14 isolated from the first channel 13 is provided on the liquid cooling device 1, and the second channel 14 is used as a thermal runaway smoke gas pretreatment channel; the inlet of the second channel 14 is connected to the explosion venting part of the battery module 20.

[0115] It should be noted that in the above-mentioned first type of battery module 20, the explosion venting part of the battery module 20 herein includes the explosion venting or explosion-proof openings of each single battery 21 constituting the battery module 20; in the above-mentioned second type of battery module 20, the explosion venting part of the battery module 20 herein is the explosion venting mechanism 30 provided at the port of the electrolyte sharing pipeline 125; in the above-mentioned third type of battery module 20, the explosion venting part of the battery module 20 herein is the explosion venting mechanism 30 in communication with the electrolyte sharing chamber.

[0116] For different battery modules 20, the number and position of the inlets of the second channel 14 are different; for the above-mentioned first type of battery module 20, the number of the inlets of the second channel 14 should be consistent with the number of the single batteries 21 in the battery module 20, and the position of the inlets of the second channel 14 should be located on the bottom plate of the liquid cooling plate 11, penetrating the second channel 14, and corresponding to each explosion venting or explosion-proof opening of the single battery 21; for details, please refer to Figure 7 、 Figure 8 and Figure 11 ; for the above-mentioned second type of battery module 20, the number of the inlets of the second channel 14 should be at least one, and the position thereof is preferably located at the end of the second channel 14, and is connected to the explosion venting mechanism 30 of at least one electrolyte sharing pipeline 125; for the above-mentioned third type of battery module 20, the number of the inlets of the second channel 14 should also be at least one, and the position thereof is preferably located at the end of the second channel 14, and is connected to at least one explosion venting mechanism 30; for details, please refer to Figure 13 and Figure 14 .

[0117] After the liquid cooling device 1 is fixed on the top of the battery module 20, each polarity terminal 1211 is inserted into the corresponding through hole 15, and in the z direction, the electrical connection part 212 of the polarity terminal 1211 protrudes out of the through hole 15; the two ports of the through hole 15 and the corresponding polarity terminal 1211 are insulated and sealed.

[0118] The first channel 13 is used as a flow channel of the heat transfer medium, and the partial structure of the polarity terminal 1211 (located in the inner cavity of the first channel 13 and directly in contact with the heat transfer medium; compared with the effect of indirectly exchanging heat between the heat transfer medium and the polarity terminal 1211 through the tubular heat exchange part, firstly, the heat exchange path is shortened (from "heat transfer medium-heat exchange part-polarity terminal 1211" to "heat transfer medium-polarity terminal 1211"), which can improve the utilization efficiency of the heat transfer medium; secondly, the heat exchange area is increased (from "a certain surface area of the clamping groove" to "the partial structure of the polarity terminal 1211 located in the inner cavity of the first channel"), which improves the heat exchange efficiency, and further improves the heat exchange efficiency of such battery module 20.

[0119] The second channel 14 is used as a heat runaway flue gas pretreatment channel; when the battery module 20 occurs heat runaway, the heat runaway flue gas is transported into the second channel 14 in the liquid cooling plate 11, and the second channel 14 buffers and processes the heat runaway flue gas, so that the heat runaway flue gas is discharged at a relatively stable flow rate. When the heat runaway flue gas is buffered and processed in the second channel 14, the heat transfer medium in the first channel 13 can be used to cool the gas in the second channel 14. The high-temperature heat runaway flue gas is cooled in the second channel 14, thereby removing the high-temperature property of the heat runaway flue gas, avoiding damage to subsequent pipelines, joints and other related devices after the heat runaway flue gas is discharged, and improving the safety of the battery module 20.

[0120] It should be noted that:

[0121] 1. Since the polarity terminal 1211 of the utility model directly contacts with the heat transfer medium, the ideal heat transfer medium should have good insulation, high specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity, good flame retardant performance, low cost, suitable working temperature, long service life, non-corrosive and other characteristics. In the utility model, the heat transfer medium is an insulating heat transfer medium commonly used in the prior art, which can be but is not limited to insulating oil and fluorinated liquid.

[0122] 2. The liquid cooling device 1 is easy to contact with different polarity terminals 1211 of the same single battery 21 at the same time, therefore, the liquid cooling device 1 must be insulated between the polarity terminal 1211 to avoid the two different polarity terminals 1211 being conducted through the liquid cooling device 1, which leads to short circuit; after the liquid cooling device 1 is insulated with the polarity terminal 1211, the polarity terminal 1211 cannot be electrically conducted with the top of the battery module 20 through the liquid cooling device 1.

[0123] The insulation between the liquid cooling device 1 and the polar terminal 1211 can be achieved in the following ways:

[0124] 2.1. Selecting a liquid cooling device 1 made of insulating material can achieve insulation between the liquid cooling device 1 and the polar terminal 1211, and also achieve insulation between the liquid cooling device 1 and the top of the battery module 20.

[0125] 2.2. Using a liquid cooling device 1 made of non-insulating material, and adding an insulating sealing gasket between the polar terminal 1211 and the liquid cooling device 1; insulating the wall surface of the liquid cooling device 1, such as spraying insulating paint, wrapping insulating film, etc.; for safety, multiple insulation methods can be combined to overcome this problem.

[0126] In combination with Figure 2 As can be seen, within each battery pack assembly 5, the explosion venting manifold 51 is in communication with the outlet end of the second channel 14 of each battery module 20, and the outlet end of the explosion venting manifold 51 of each battery pack assembly is in communication with the smoke manifold throughout the energy storage device.

[0127] The specific structure of the battery pack assembly 5, the battery module 20, the battery module assembly 52, the fire safety system 2, and the energy storage device will be described in detail below in combination with the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0128] Embodiment 1

[0129] This embodiment is a battery pack assembly, as shown in Figure 2 including an explosion venting manifold 51 and 13 battery module assemblies 52. In other embodiments, the number of battery module assemblies 52 can be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0130] The battery module assembly 52, the specific structure can be seen in Figure 3 to Figure 5 .

[0131] As shown in Figure 3 to Figure 5 , the battery module assembly 52 includes a battery module 20 and a liquid cooling device 1.

[0132] As can be seen from the figure, the battery module 20 of this embodiment includes 12 single batteries 21 arranged along the x direction. The single battery 21 in this embodiment is a square cell, and the inner cavity of each single battery 21 includes an electrolyte area and a gas area. In other embodiments, the number of single batteries 21 can be adjusted according to actual needs, and the form of single battery 21 can also be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0133] In other embodiments, an electrolyte sharing pipeline can also be provided at the bottom of the battery module, the inner cavity of the electrolyte sharing pipeline is in communication with the electrolyte area of each single battery inner cavity, realizing electrolyte sharing, reducing the difference between each single battery, and optimizing the cycle performance of the battery module.

[0134] The structure of the liquid cooling device 1 is specifically as shown in the figure Figure 6 to Figure 8 As can be seen from the figure, the liquid cooling device 1 of the embodiment includes a liquid cooling plate 11 and two first partitions 12 arranged in the liquid cooling plate 11; the two first partitions 12 are arranged along the x direction, and both of them extend along the y direction to divide the cavity in the liquid cooling plate 11 into two first channels 13 and a second channel 14, and the second channel 14 is located between the two first channels 13.

[0135] Twenty-four through holes 15 are formed on the liquid cooling plate 11, each of which extends along the z direction and penetrates the top plate and the bottom plate of the liquid cooling plate 11 and the first channel 13 at the same time, and as can be seen from the figure, the twenty-four through holes 15 are arranged in a matrix and correspond to all the polarity terminals 1211 of the single batteries 21 in the battery module 20 one by one.

[0136] In other embodiments, the number of through holes 15 can be adjusted according to the number of single batteries 21 in the battery module 20, and the arrangement of the through holes 15 can be adjusted according to the arrangement of the single batteries 21.

[0137] The cross-sectional shape of the liquid cooling plate 11 is not specifically limited in the utility model, and since the liquid cooling device 1 of the embodiment is placed on the top of the planar battery module 20, the structure regularity is considered, and as can be seen from the figure, the liquid cooling plate 11 of the embodiment is a rectangular liquid cooling plate. In other embodiments, a liquid cooling plate of other structural forms can also be used.

[0138] The two end ports of the first channel 13 serve as the heat transfer medium inlet end 16 and the heat transfer medium outlet end 17 and are respectively used for connecting with the outlet end and the inlet end of the liquid cooling device; it should be noted that the connection here can be direct connection or indirect connection.

[0139] In the embodiment, the two first channels 13 are independent of each other and can be connected to the liquid cooling device in parallel or in series; that is, if the inlet ends of the two first channels 13 are connected to the outlet end of the liquid cooling device at the same time, and the outlet ends of the two first channels 13 are connected to the inlet end of the liquid cooling device at the same time, the two first channels 13 are connected in parallel. If the inlet end and the outlet end of the two first channels 13 are connected in series through a connecting pipe, the inlet end of one of the first channels 13 is connected to the outlet end of the liquid cooling device, and the outlet end of the other first channel 13 is connected to the inlet end of the liquid cooling device, and at this time, the two first channels 13 are connected in series.

[0140] The second channel 14 is located between two first channels 13, and the second channel has at least one inlet end 18 connected to the battery module 20; specifically, the number of the second channel inlet ends 18 is consistent with the number of the single batteries 21 in the battery module 20, and the position of the second channel inlet ends 18 should be located on the bottom plate of the liquid cooling plate 11, pass through the second channel 14, and correspond to the explosion vent or explosion-proof vent of each single battery 21.

[0141] In combination Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 It can be seen that the liquid cooling device 1 is arranged on the top of the battery module 20, the polar terminal 1211 of each single battery 21 is inserted into the corresponding through hole 15 of the liquid cooling device 1, and the electrical connection part 212 of the polar terminal 1211 extends out of the through hole 15. The explosion vent or explosion-proof vent of each single battery 21 is in communication with the corresponding second channel inlet end 18. In this embodiment, in order to facilitate the connection of the two, an explosion vent branch pipe 122 is arranged at the explosion vent or explosion-proof vent position of the single battery 21, the explosion vent branch pipe 122 of each single battery 21 is inserted into the corresponding second channel inlet end 18, and the explosion vent branch pipe 122 and the second channel inlet end 18 are sealed.

[0142] The specific sealing method can be selected according to the material of the explosion vent branch pipe 122 and the liquid cooling device 1. For example, in this embodiment, by using the liquid cooling device 1 made of insulating material, the insulation between the liquid cooling device 1 and the top of the battery module 20 and the polar terminal 1211 is realized. Therefore, for this embodiment, the explosion vent branch pipe 122 and the second channel inlet end 18 can be sealed and connected in the following two ways:

[0143] The first connection method:

[0144] The explosion vent branch pipe 122 is inserted into the corresponding second channel inlet end 18 in an interference fit manner to realize the sealed connection between the two, and a circumferentially extending annular groove can be formed on the wall of the explosion vent branch pipe 122, and an O-shaped sealing ring is embedded in the annular groove, which improves the sealing performance between the explosion vent branch pipe 122 and the second channel inlet end 18;

[0145] The second connection method:

[0146] An external thread is arranged on the explosion vent branch pipe 122 of each single battery 21, the explosion vent branch pipe 122 of each single battery 21 is inserted into the corresponding second channel inlet end 18, the explosion vent branch pipe 122 is locked and fixed by a bolt, and sealing glue is coated at the threaded connection.

[0147] When the second connection mode is adopted, the single battery 21 is installed with the liquid cooling device 1, and the explosion relief branch pipe 122 needs to be locked and fixed from the inside of the liquid cooling plate 11. Therefore, for such a connection mode, the liquid cooling plate 11 can adopt a split structure, and the liquid cooling plate 11 can be combined with the battery module 20 to form a liquid cooling device 1. Figure 9 As shown in FIG. 6, the rectangular liquid cooling plate 11 is disassembled into a cover plate and a box body 23 with one end open. During installation, the box body 23 with one end open can be first fixed on the top of the battery module 20. The explosion relief branch pipe 122 of each single battery 21 is inserted into the corresponding second channel inlet end 18. The explosion relief branch pipe 122 is locked and fixed from the open end by bolts, and sealing glue is coated at the threaded connection. Finally, the cover plate is sealed and fixed at the open end of the box body 23 with one end open.

[0148] In other embodiments, when the liquid cooling device 1 is made of metal, the sealing between the explosion relief branch pipe and the second channel inlet end 18 can be achieved by welding. Similar to the second connection mode described above, the liquid cooling plate 11 can adopt a split structure. During installation, the box body 23 with one end open can be first fixed on the top of the battery module 20. The explosion relief branch pipe 122 of each single battery 21 is inserted into the corresponding second channel inlet end 18. The explosion relief branch pipe 122 is sealed with the second channel inlet end 18 by welding from the open end. Finally, the top plate is sealed and fixed at the open end of the box body.

[0149] In addition, since the first channel 13 of the liquid cooling device 1 flows with an insulating heat transfer medium, the sealing of the liquid cooling device 1 is particularly important. In order to ensure the sealing of the liquid cooling device 1, the liquid cooling device 1 is provided with a sealing structure. Figure 5 As can be seen, two annular grooves extending along the circumferential direction of the polar terminal 1211 are formed on each polar terminal 1211, and the two annular grooves are arranged along the z direction. O-shaped sealing rings are embedded in the two annular grooves. The outer circles of the two O-shaped sealing rings are pressed against the two ports of the through hole 15, achieving sealing while improving the stability of the liquid cooling device 1.

[0150] In other embodiments, when the liquid cooling device 1 is made of metal, the sealing between the polar terminal 1211 and the top port of the through hole 15 (the top port mentioned here is the port close to the electrical connection part 212 of the polar terminal 1211, and the welding method can further improve the stability of the liquid cooling device 1 on the polar terminal 1211) can be achieved by welding. An insulating pad is added between the liquid cooling device 1 and the top of the battery module 20 to achieve the insulation between the liquid cooling device 1 and the top of the battery module 20.

[0151] In order to further improve the stability of the liquid cooling device 1 on the battery module 20, as shown in FIG. 8, the liquid cooling device 1 is provided with a plurality of insulating pads 1212. Figure 10As shown, the embodiment can add a U-shaped connecting rib 124 between the liquid cooling device 1 and the barrel of at least one single battery 21 constituting the battery module 20, the U-shaped connecting rib 124 is inverted on the liquid cooling device 1, and the two sides of the U-shaped connecting rib 124 are fixedly connected with the opposite side walls of the barrel of at least one single battery 21 constituting the battery module 20. The specific connection mode can be selected according to the material of the liquid cooling device 1. For example, the liquid cooling device 1 of the embodiment adopts an insulating material, so the U-shaped connecting rib 124 and the barrel of the single battery 21 can be fixedly connected by screws. When the liquid cooling device 1 is made of metal, the U-shaped connecting rib 124 and the barrel of the single battery 21 can be fixedly connected by welding.

[0152] After the liquid cooling device 1 is installed at the top of the battery module 20, during normal use of the battery module 20, the single batteries 21 can be cooled by the insulating heat transfer medium in the first channel 13, reducing the risk of the battery module 20 being too hot. When any single battery 21 has a thermal runaway, the pressure in the cavity of each single battery 21 increases, the explosion vent or explosion-proof vent at the top of the single battery 21 opens, the thermal runaway smoke enters the second channel 14 through the explosion vent branch pipe 122, the second channel 14 buffers the thermal runaway smoke, allowing it to be smoothly discharged at a relatively stable flow rate. In addition, the heat transfer medium in the liquid cooling plate 11 can cool the thermal runaway smoke through the partition, so that the discharged gas will not harm the structure outside the battery module 20, reducing the risk of use of the battery module 20.

[0153] As shown in the drawings, Figure 2 In each battery pack assembly, the outlet end of the second channel of each battery module assembly of the embodiment is in communication with the explosion vent manifold.

[0154] Embodiment 2

[0155] Unlike embodiment 1, the liquid cooling device of the embodiment is different from that of embodiment 1.

[0156] As shown in the drawings, Figure 11 In the embodiment, a U-shaped second partition 19 is arranged in the liquid cooling plate 11, a U-shaped first channel 13 is formed between the second partition 19 and the side plate of the liquid cooling plate 11, and the inner cavity of the second partition 19 serves as a second channel 14. At the same time, the first connecting pipe 10 is connected through the second channel 14 at the bottom plate of the second partition 19, and the end of the first connecting pipe 10 extends out of the liquid cooling plate 11, serving as the outlet end of the second channel 14.

[0157] That is, the second partition 19 in the embodiment includes a first sub-partition, a second sub-partition and a third sub-partition, wherein the first sub-partition and the second sub-partition extend along the x direction, and the third sub-partition extends along the y direction.

[0158] The first sub-baffle and the first side plate of the liquid cooling plate 11 form a first sub-channel, and the second sub-baffle and the second side plate of the liquid cooling plate 11 form a second sub-channel; the third sub-baffle and the third side plate of the liquid cooling plate 11 form a third sub-channel, and the first side plate and the second side plate are parallel to the xz plane, and the third side plate is parallel to the yz plane. The first sub-channel, the second sub-channel and the third sub-channel are communicated to form a first channel 13 in the shape of U, and the cavity in the second baffle 19 is a second channel 14.

[0159] The assembly of the liquid cooling device and the battery module is the same as that of Embodiment 1, which will not be repeated here.

[0160] Embodiment 3

[0161] This embodiment is another battery pack assembly, which is different from the above-mentioned embodiments. The battery module 20 of this embodiment is the second type of battery module 20, and the structure of the corresponding liquid cooling device is also different.

[0162] As shown in Figure 12 , for example, an electrolyte sharing pipeline 125 is arranged at the bottom of the battery module 20, and the electrolyte sharing pipeline 125 is provided with a pressure relief mechanism 30. For the structure of the electrolyte sharing pipeline 125, please refer to the first hollow member and the second hollow member described in Chinese Patent CN117477186A and the electrolyte sharing channel described in CN115275453A.

[0163] Corresponding to the second type of battery module 20, the liquid cooling device is different from the above-mentioned embodiments. As shown in Figure 13 and Figure 14 , in this embodiment, a second channel inlet end 18 is arranged on the fourth side plate of the liquid cooling plate, and the fourth side plate is parallel to the yz plane.

[0164] As can be seen from Figure 12 , the second connecting pipe 126 connects the pressure relief mechanism 30 and the second channel inlet end 18.

[0165] During normal use of the battery module 20, the first channel 13 can be used to cool the battery module 20, reducing the risk of overheating of the battery module 20. When the battery module 20 has already occurred thermal runaway, the thermal runaway flue gas opens the pressure relief mechanism 30 of the electrolyte sharing pipeline 125 port, and the thermal runaway flue gas enters the second channel 14 of the liquid cooling plate 11 through the electrolyte sharing pipeline 125 and the second connecting pipe 126. The second channel 14 buffers the thermal runaway flue gas, so that the thermal runaway flue gas is smoothly discharged at a relatively stable flow rate. In addition, the heat transfer medium in the liquid cooling plate 11 can cool the thermal runaway flue gas through the baffle, so that the discharged gas will not cause damage to the structure outside the battery module 20, reducing the use risk of the battery module 20.

[0166] Embodiment 4

[0167] This embodiment is another battery pack assembly, as shown in Figure 15 Different from the above embodiment, the battery module 20 of this embodiment is the third type of battery module 20, and the structure of the corresponding liquid cooling device is the same as that in Embodiment 3.

[0168] As can be seen from Figure 16 and Figure 17 , the third type of battery module 20 of this embodiment arranges 12 single batteries 21 in the inner cavity of the shell 3. In this embodiment, the polarity terminal 1211 of the single battery 21 is a single battery 21 pole, which has a higher height relative to the conventional single battery 21 pole. Each single battery 21 polarity terminal 1211 extends out of the corresponding avoidance hole 33 opened on the shell top plate 31, and a first insulating sealing glue layer 34 is laid between the avoidance hole 33 and the polarity terminal 1211 to achieve the fixed sealing of the single battery 21 shell in the area of the shell top plate 31 corresponding to the avoidance hole 33. Figure 17 In , in order to facilitate the display of the avoidance hole 33, the first insulating sealing glue layer 34 is not shown between the avoidance hole 33 and the polarity terminal 1211 on one side.

[0169] In other embodiments, a sealing connector can also be added between the avoidance hole 33 and the polarity terminal 1211 to achieve the fixed sealing of the single battery 21 shell in the area of the shell top plate 31 corresponding to the avoidance hole 33.

[0170] The sealing connector includes a hollow member; the bottom of the hollow member is used for sealing connection with the first area of the single battery 21, and the top of the hollow member is sealingly connected with the second area of the shell top plate 31; wherein the first area is the area around any polarity terminal 1211 on the single battery 21 upper cover plate of any single battery 21; wherein the area around the polarity terminal 1211 is the area around the insulating sealing gasket on the polarity terminal 1211. The insulating sealing gasket is a part for insulating the polarity terminal 1211 and the single battery 21 upper cover plate. The second area is the area of the shell top plate 31 corresponding to any one avoidance hole 33 of the shell top plate 31. The area of the shell top plate 31 corresponding to the avoidance hole 33 is the peripheral area of the shell top plate 31 corresponding to any one avoidance hole 33 on the outer surface of the shell top plate 31; or the area of the shell top plate 31 corresponding to the avoidance hole 33 is the hole wall of the avoidance hole 33.

[0171] A support 35 extending in the x direction is provided between the shell bottom plate 132 and each single battery 21 to form a liquid passage as an electrolyte sharing chamber 36.

[0172] On the top plate 31 of the shell, a boss 37 extending along the x direction can also be provided, and a gas passage is formed on the boss 37, which is in communication with the inner cavity of the shell 3 and serves as a gas sharing chamber 38 and is in communication with the gas area in the inner cavity of each single battery 21; when the inner cavity of the single battery 21 produces gas, the inner cavity of the gas passage can also serve as a gas containing chamber to alleviate the problem of the shell 3 swelling due to gas production.

[0173] The electrolyte sharing chamber 36 can also be in communication with the gas sharing chamber 38 through a passage formed on the end plate 39 of the shell 3.

[0174] In other embodiments, only the electrolyte sharing chamber 36 or the gas sharing chamber 38 can be provided.

[0175] The explosion relief mechanism 30 is fixed to the shell 3, and the liquid cooling device 1 is arranged above the top plate 31 of the shell of the battery module 20, and the explosion relief mechanism 30 is connected to the second passage inlet end 18 of the liquid cooling plate 11 through the second connecting pipe 126.

[0176] In addition, in order to improve the stability of the liquid cooling device 1, the embodiment can adopt a similar manner as the above-mentioned embodiment, that is, by additionally providing a U-shaped connecting rib 124; the U-shaped connecting rib 124 is invertedly buckled on the liquid cooling device 1, and the two sides of the U-shaped connecting rib 124 are fixedly connected with the opposite side walls of the cylindrical body of the shell 3.

[0177] During normal use of the battery module 20, the first passage 13 can be used to cool the battery module 20, thereby reducing the possibility of overheating of the battery module 20 and causing danger. When the battery module 20 has already occurred thermal runaway, the thermal runaway flue gas opens the explosion relief mechanism 30 of the electrolyte sharing pipe 125 port, and the thermal runaway flue gas enters the second passage 14 of the liquid cooling plate 11 through the electrolyte sharing pipe 125 and the second connecting pipe 126, and the second passage 14 buffers the thermal runaway flue gas, so that the thermal runaway flue gas is smoothly discharged at a relatively stable flow rate. In addition, the heat transfer medium in the liquid cooling plate 11 can cool the thermal runaway flue gas through the partition plate, so that the discharged gas will not cause damage to the structure outside the battery module 20, thereby reducing the use risk of the battery module 20.

[0178] Embodiment 5

[0179] The embodiment is another battery module assembly, which is different from the embodiment 4 in that the embodiment is based on the embodiment 4, and a second insulating sealing glue layer 40 is laid on the top of the battery module 20.

[0180] The specific structure is shown in Figure 18 The second insulating sealing glue layer 40 covers the top of the battery module 20 and wraps the liquid cooling device 1.

[0181] FromFigure 18 As can be seen, the electrical connection portions 212 of the polarity terminals 1211 in this embodiment all extend out of the second insulating sealant layer 40 so as to be connected with the electrical connection component assembly. The electrical connection component assembly is an electrical connection component for realizing parallel connection of the individual battery cells 21 in the battery module 20 and / or series connection of adjacent battery modules 20. Meanwhile, the liquid inlet end and the liquid outlet end of the first channel 13 and the inlet end and the outlet end of the second channel 14 all expose out of the second insulating sealant layer 40.

[0182] Laying the second insulating sealant layer 40 on the top of the battery module 20 has at least the following advantages:

[0183] I. Further improving the sealing performance of the liquid cooling device 1 at various positions;

[0184] Specifically, the insulating sealant constituting the second insulating sealant layer 40 penetrates into the gap between the two ports of the through hole 15 and the polarity terminal 1211, further sealing the gap in the radial direction;

[0185] II. Preventing condensation;

[0186] During long-term use, condensation may occur on the surface of the liquid cooling device 1 due to the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the liquid cooling device 1. When the condensation accumulates to a certain amount, it may cause a short circuit problem. By laying the second insulating sealant layer 40 on the top of the liquid cooling device 1, when condensation occurs on the surface of the liquid cooling device 1, the second insulating sealant layer 40 can prevent the occurrence of battery short circuit;

[0187] III. Realizing insulation between the liquid cooling device 1 and the top of the battery module 20;

[0188] When the liquid cooling device 1 is made of non-insulating material, the insulation of such liquid cooling device 1 can be realized when the insulating sealant completely wraps the outside of the liquid cooling device 1, further improving the insulation performance of the liquid cooling device 1 and the top of the battery module 20.

[0189] In other embodiments, the electrical connection component assembly can be connected with the polarity terminal 1211, and then the second insulating sealant layer 40 is laid on the top of the battery module 20, i.e. the second insulating sealant layer 40 completely covers the polarity terminal 1211 of the individual battery cell 21 and the connection position of the electrical connection component assembly and the polarity terminal 1211. In the entire battery module 20, when the outer shell 3 is insulated, only the free end of the electrical connection component assembly (for realizing series connection of the battery module 20) is exposed and charged, and the rest is insulated, so that such battery module 20 has higher safety performance.

[0190] In order to prevent overflow during the glue injection process, the partial structure of the outer shell 3 is used as a glue blocking plate in this embodiment. The specific structure is shown in Figure 19 and Figure 20The structure of the shell 3 of the embodiment will be described in detail.

[0191] As shown in Figure 19 , it is an exploded structural schematic diagram of the shell 3 of the embodiment, the shell 3 is disassembled into a cylinder 41 with open ends and an end plate 39 covering the open end of the cylinder 41. The structure of the cylinder 41 is shown in Figure 20 , both ends of the cylinder 41 are open ends, that is, the open end of the cylinder 41 is parallel to the yz plane; in the z direction, the height of the cylinder side plate 411 is higher than the height of the cylinder top plate 412; the part of the cylinder side plate 411 higher than the cylinder top plate 412 is used as a glue blocking plate. The cylinder 41 can be integrally formed by aluminum extrusion process, which is convenient to process, and at the same time, has good sealing property compared with a split structure.

[0192] In addition, the embodiment can also be provided with an insulating protective cover 6 on the top of the battery module assembly 52 (as shown in Figure 15 ), the part of the insulating protective cover 6 is used as a glue injection mold in the embodiment, and the glue injection is completed without demolding, which can also improve the bonding strength of the insulating protective cover 6 and the top of the battery module assembly 52. In addition, if the polarity terminal is directly exposed to the external environment, there is a great safety hazard due to the electrification of the polarity terminal in the use process. Therefore, the insulating protective cover 6 provided on the top of the battery module assembly 52 can also provide insulation protection for the polarity terminal, avoiding the safety hazard that the polarity terminal may exist in the running process of the battery module assembly 52, and also avoiding the problem that some foreign matters in the external environment fall into the position of the polarity terminal to cause the short circuit of the battery module assembly 52, thereby improving the safety of the battery module assembly 52.

[0193] Embodiment 6

[0194] The embodiment is based on the above-mentioned embodiments, and a functional structure is arranged on the polarity terminal 1211 of each single battery 21 to increase the heat exchange area of the part of the polarity terminal 1211; the part with the functional structure is located in the first channel 13, and the heat exchange effect can be further improved.

[0195] The specific structure of the polarity terminal 1211 can be seen from Figure 17 , two first annular grooves 127 are arranged on the side wall of the polarity terminal 1211, and each first annular groove 127 extends along the circumferential direction of the side wall of the polarity terminal 1211. Based on the two first grooves, the heat exchange area of the part of the polarity terminal 1211 can be increased, and after the part is located in the inner cavity of the first channel 13, a better heat exchange effect can be obtained compared with the polarity terminal 1211 with a smooth side wall.

[0196] In some other embodiments, the number of the first annular grooves 127 and the sizes such as the groove width and the groove depth can be adjusted according to requirements, provided that the conductivity of the polarity terminal 1211 is not affected.

[0197] In some other embodiments, other structures can also be processed on the polarity terminal 1211 to increase the heat exchange area of the polarity terminal 1211; such functional structures can include point-shaped pits on the side wall of the polarity terminal 1211, protrusions, and through holes on the polarity terminal 1211 (heat dissipation teeth can be additionally provided in the through hole along the axial direction to further increase the heat exchange area in the through hole), etc.; compared with the above functional structures, the first annular groove 127 structure in this embodiment is easy to process and has a low processing cost.

[0198] Embodiment 7

[0199] The present embodiment is an energy storage device, which comprises a fire safety system and at least one battery pack assembly in the above embodiments.

[0200] As shown in Figure 21 , the fire safety system 2 comprises a first fire unit 020, and the structure of the first fire unit 020 is as shown in Figure 22 , which comprises a smoke gas collecting pipe and a smoke gas treatment unit 22, the smoke gas collecting pipe is used to transport the thermal runaway generated by the battery module assembly 52 to the smoke gas treatment unit 22; the smoke gas treatment unit 22 is used to treat the thermal runaway smoke gas generated by each battery module assembly 52. The structure of the smoke gas collecting pipe and the smoke gas treatment unit 22 will be described in detail below.

[0201] The smoke gas collecting pipe in this embodiment comprises a first collecting pipe 211 and a second collecting pipe 2120; the first collecting pipe 211 is connected with the outlet end of the explosion vent collecting pipe 51 of each battery pack assembly 5, and the second collecting pipe 2120 is connected with each first collecting pipe 211 to transport the thermal runaway smoke gas in each first collecting pipe 211 to the smoke gas treatment unit 22.

[0202] In combination with Figure 1 , the battery pack assemblies 5 of the energy storage device in this embodiment are arranged along the z direction to form one battery cluster, and a total of four battery clusters are included; for this energy storage device, in combination with Figure 1 and Figure 22 , it can be seen that this embodiment comprises four first collecting pipes 211, each of which is connected with the outlet end of the explosion vent collecting pipe 51 of each battery pack assembly 5 in each battery cluster (as shown in Figure 23 , and Figure 23 is an enlarged schematic view of region a in Figure 1 ); the second collecting pipe 2120 is connected with each first collecting pipe 211 to transport the thermal runaway smoke gas in each first collecting pipe 211 to the smoke gas treatment unit 22.

[0203] The above smoke manifold converges the thermal runaway smoke generated by each battery cluster and concentrates it to the rear smoke treatment unit 22 for treatment. However, in each battery module assembly 52, there is a certain amount of electrolyte in the shared chamber, which has a certain safety hazard when the electrolyte is sprayed out with the thermal runaway smoke. Based on this, combined with Figure 24 The smoke treatment unit 22 in the embodiment includes a liquid treatment device 230, the inlet of which is connected with the outlet of the secondary smoke manifold 2120, mainly used for fully treating the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway smoke of the battery module assembly 52, to prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose to produce flammable gas, thereby reducing the content of flammable substances (electrolyte and flammable gas) in the thermal runaway smoke.

[0204] The liquid treatment device 230 in the embodiment includes M liquid treatment tanks 2301, which are filled with liquid treatment medium. The number of liquid treatment tanks 2301 can be set according to the number and needs of the battery module assembly 52 in the energy storage device. If there are multiple liquid treatment tanks 2301, the multiple liquid treatment tanks 2301 can be connected in series through a connecting pipe 2302. The shape of the liquid treatment tank 2301 is not limited, which can be a rectangular tank, a circular tank, an oval tank, etc. The circular tank is the best choice, which has good pressure-bearing performance.

[0205] The above M liquid treatment tanks 2301 can all be filled with liquid treatment medium. When filling, the liquid treatment medium is filled to about 2 / 3 of the inner cavity of the liquid treatment tank 2301, so as to avoid the liquid treatment medium in the previous liquid treatment tank 2301 being squeezed into the next liquid treatment tank 2301, resulting in poor treatment effect.

[0206] In actual use, the pressure of the thermal runaway smoke of the battery module assembly 52 at the initial explosion relief is too large, and the liquid treatment medium in the last liquid treatment tank 2301 may be squeezed out of the liquid treatment tank 2301 by the thermal runaway smoke. Based on this, the last liquid treatment tank 2301 can be set as an empty tank. For example, the liquid treatment device 230 includes 9 liquid treatment tanks 2301, of which the first to eighth liquid treatment tanks 2301 are filled with liquid treatment medium, and the ninth liquid treatment tank 2301 is an empty tank. When the pressure of the thermal runaway smoke discharged by the battery module assembly 52 is too large, the empty tank can collect the liquid treatment medium squeezed out by the high-pressure thermal runaway smoke, avoid the liquid treatment medium being squeezed out of the liquid treatment tank 2301, and improve the safety of the liquid treatment device 230 in use.

[0207] For example, the liquid treatment device 230 includes 9 liquid treatment tanks 2301, of which the first to eighth liquid treatment tanks 2301 are filled with liquid treatment medium, and the ninth liquid treatment tank 2301 is an empty tank. When the pressure of the thermal runaway smoke discharged by the battery module assembly 52 is too large, the empty tank can collect the liquid treatment medium squeezed out by the high-pressure thermal runaway smoke, avoid the liquid treatment medium being squeezed out of the liquid treatment tank 2301, and improve the safety of the liquid treatment device 230 in use. Figure 24As shown, the liquid treatment tank 2301 is provided with a flue gas inlet 2303, a flue gas outlet 2304, and a liquid treatment medium filling port 2305. The flue gas inlet 2303 is used to input the thermal runaway flue gas into the liquid treatment tank 2301, the flue gas outlet 2304 is used to discharge the treated thermal runaway flue gas, and the liquid treatment medium filling port 2305 is used to fill the liquid treatment medium. When the flue gas inlet 2303 is specifically set, it can be set at the top of the liquid treatment tank 2301, or it can be set at the bottom of the liquid treatment tank 2301. In order to facilitate the connection of each liquid treatment tank 2301, it is preferred to set the flue gas inlet 2303 and the flue gas outlet 2304 at the top of the liquid treatment tank 2301. In this case, each liquid treatment tank 2301 only needs to be connected at the top, which improves the connectivity of the entire thermal runaway flue gas treatment device and the compactness of the pipeline layout. In addition, the above-mentioned connecting pipeline 2302 can adopt a metal bellows. After the metal bellows are used for connection, each liquid processing tank 2301 can be arranged according to the requirements of the installation space, meeting various installation requirements and saving installation space.

[0208] like Figure 25 As shown, after the flue gas inlet 2303 is positioned at the top of the liquid treatment tank 2301, a drainage tube 2306 is connected to the flue gas inlet 2303 to ensure full contact between the thermal runaway flue gas and the liquid treatment medium within the liquid treatment tank 2301. At least a portion of the drainage tube 2306 can be submerged in the liquid treatment medium. Optimally, the drainage tube 2306 extends to the bottom of the liquid treatment tank 2301 so that it is completely submerged in the liquid treatment medium. As the thermal runaway flue gas passes through the liquid treatment tank 2301, it fully comes into contact with the liquid treatment medium within the tank 2301. The liquid treatment medium then effectively treats the thermal runaway flue gas, enhancing the effectiveness of the liquid treatment medium.

[0209] A diversion portion 2307 is provided at one end of the drainage tube 2306 immersed in the liquid treatment medium. The diversion portion 2307 disperses and diverts the thermal runaway flue gas before reacting with the liquid treatment medium in the liquid treatment tank 2301, so that the thermal runaway flue gas enters with a large flow rate and exits with a small flow rate, which is beneficial to the dispersion of the thermal runaway flue gas, so that the thermal runaway flue gas and the liquid treatment medium are fully contacted and reacted, thereby improving the treatment effect of the liquid treatment medium. The diversion portion 2307 in this embodiment can be a foam copper column. The foam copper column is easy to install and has a good dispersion and diversion effect. During the specific installation, it is fixed to the port of the drainage tube 2306 at one end immersed in the liquid treatment medium. The foam copper is a structure with a large number of three-dimensional holes in the copper matrix, which has a dispersing and buffering effect on the fluid. When in use, it is processed into a columnar structure, and the thermal runaway flue gas flows out from the foam copper column through the drainage pipe 2306, and then flows out through the side wall or bottom of the foam copper column to achieve the dispersion and buffering effect on the thermal runaway flue gas, so that the diverted thermal runaway flue gas can fully contact with the liquid treatment medium.

[0210] To further make the thermal runaway smoke fully react with the liquid treatment medium, a spiral baffle 2308 is arranged on the above-mentioned draft tube 2306, or a plurality of baffles are arranged on the draft tube 2306. The spiral baffle 2308 or the plurality of baffles increases the travel of the thermal runaway smoke when the thermal runaway smoke passes through the liquid treatment tank 2301, so that the thermal runaway smoke is more fully contacted with the liquid treatment medium. The thermal runaway smoke enters from the smoke inlet 2303 of the liquid treatment tank 2301, then passes through the draft tube 2306 to the bottom of the liquid treatment medium, then is dispersed by the foam copper column, and then rises from the bottom. The spiral baffle 2308 or the plurality of baffles makes the thermal runaway smoke fully contact with the liquid treatment medium in the liquid treatment tank 2301 during the rising process, so as to be treated correspondingly. When specifically connected, the spiral baffle 2308 can be fixed on the draft tube 2306. The baffle is a semicircular baffle, and a plurality of baffles are arranged from bottom to top and are respectively fixed on the draft tube 2306, and adjacent baffles are installed in a staggered manner.

[0211] After the above-mentioned liquid treatment tank pressure test leak detection is completed, the liquid treatment medium is filled. The liquid treatment medium is mainly used to fully treat the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway smoke, so as to prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose to produce flammable gas, and then reduce the content of flammable substances (electrolyte and flammable gas) in the thermal runaway smoke. The liquid treatment medium can specifically use the following substances:

[0212] First, the liquid treatment medium can be an organic solvent. According to the principle of similar dissolves similar, the organic solvent can fully treat the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway smoke, and can also prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose. The organic solvent is specifically an ester solvent, an alcohol solvent or an aldehyde solvent. The ester solvent can be specifically diethyl phthalate solvent, methyl salicylate solvent, ethyl acetate solvent or butyl acetate solvent, etc. The alcohol solvent can be specifically benzyl alcohol solvent, isoamyl alcohol solvent, isobutyl alcohol solvent, isopropyl alcohol solvent, iso-octanol solvent, n-propanol solvent or cyclohexanol solvent, etc. The aldehyde solvent is benzaldehyde solvent, heptanal, phenylpropyl aldehyde or methyl non ethyl aldehyde, etc.

[0213] Second, the liquid treatment medium is an alkali solution, which can be specifically sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, barium hydroxide aqueous solution, etc. The alkali solution can react with the carbonate substances in the electrolyte to prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to produce harmful gas, and can treat the thermal runaway smoke at the source. At the same time, the alkali solution can cool the thermal runaway smoke, and fully dissolve the electrolyte vapor in the thermal runaway smoke in the alkali solution. In addition, the alkali solution has a good treatment effect on CO2, POF3 and HF, etc. Acidic substances can effectively treat the thermal runaway smoke.

[0214] Among the two liquid treatment mediums, the alkali solution not only treats the electrolyte in the thermal runaway smoke, preventing the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose, but also treats part of the gas. The gas volume of the thermal runaway smoke treated by the alkali solution is greatly reduced, and thus, the alkali solution has a better treatment effect than the organic solvent.

[0215] For the alkali solution, the higher the concentration, the better the treatment effect on the thermal runaway smoke. However, the inventors found that a low-concentration alkali solution has a better treatment effect than a high-concentration alkali solution, and in particular, when the thermal runaway smoke passes through an alkali solution with a concentration of 0.05-0.5 mol / L, the collected gas volume is the smallest, and the treatment effect is better than that of an alkali solution with a concentration of 0.5 mol / L or higher. Therefore, when the alkali solution is used to treat the thermal runaway smoke, the prejudice of the prior art is overcome, and a low-concentration alkali solution is used to treat the thermal runaway smoke, so that the alkali solution can effectively treat the thermal runaway smoke.

[0216] A large number of battery thermal runaway tests were conducted using an alkali solution of NaOH as an example, and the treatment effects of water and NaOH solutions with different concentrations on the thermal runaway smoke were compared. It was found that the gas volume collected after the thermal runaway smoke was treated by a NaOH solution with a concentration of 0.05-0.5 mol / L was the smallest, the effect was significantly improved after the thermal runaway smoke was treated by a NaOH solution with a concentration of 0.1-0.2 mol / L, and the effect was best after the thermal runaway smoke was treated by a NaOH solution with a concentration of 0.1 mol / L.

[0217] When the thermal runaway smoke is transported into the NaOH solution, the NaOH solution reacts with the electrolyte, CO2, POF3, HF, and other acidic substances in the thermal runaway smoke, for example, the ester in the electrolyte reacts with the NaOH solution: CHOOCR + NaOH = RCOONa + CHOH; CO2 reacts with the NaOH solution: 2NaOH + CO2 = Na2CO3 + H2O; subsequent CO2 also reacts: Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O = 2NaHCO3; POF3 reacts with the NaOH solution: POF3 + 2NaOH = NaPF2O2 + NaF + H2O; and HF reacts with the NaOH solution: NaOH + HF = NaF + H2O. Through the above reactions, the volume of the thermal runaway smoke is greatly reduced.

[0218] Table 1 Thermal runaway data of full-electric 32650 batteries without treatment

[0219]

[0220] Table 2 Treatment results of NaOH solutions with different concentrations

[0221]

[0222]

[0223] According to the above test data, it is found that the thermal runaway smoke of the full 32650 battery after thermal runaway is not treated, and the collected gas volume is 4L. When the thermal runaway smoke of the full 32650 battery after thermal runaway is treated by NaOH solution with a concentration of 0.5 mol / L or more, the collected gas is generally greater than 2L, and the treatment effect is not ideal. The gas volume is small after the thermal runaway smoke of the full 32650 battery after thermal runaway is treated by NaOH solution with a concentration of 0.05-0.5 mol / L, and is all below 2L. The effect is remarkable after treatment by NaOH with a concentration of 0.1-0.2 mol / L. The gas volume collected after treatment by NaOH with a concentration of 0.1 mol / L is the smallest, only about 1L, and the effect is the best. Therefore, NaOH solution with a concentration of 0.05-0.5 mol / L has a good treatment effect on the thermal runaway smoke after battery thermal runaway.

[0224] As shown in Figure 26 the smoke treatment unit of the present embodiment can also include a solid treatment device. According to the above test results, an alkaline solution with a certain concentration can effectively treat the thermal runaway smoke, so that the volume of the treated thermal runaway smoke is greatly reduced. On this basis, the remaining gas can be treated by the solid treatment device, so that the treated thermal runaway smoke is completely non-combustible.

[0225] As can be seen from Figure 26 , the solid treatment device is arranged at the rear end of the liquid treatment device and is used for treating the thermal runaway smoke treated by the liquid treatment device. The solid treatment device includes at least one solid treatment tank 231. The number of solid treatment tanks 231 can be set according to the number of battery modules in the energy storage device and the demand. If there are multiple solid treatment tanks, the multiple solid treatment tanks can be arranged in series. In this case, the smoke inlet of the first solid treatment tank is connected with the smoke outlet of the last liquid treatment tank in the liquid treatment device. The solid treatment tank has a structure similar to that of the liquid treatment tank, and is filled with a solid adsorption medium for treating the thermal runaway smoke treated by the liquid treatment tank.

[0226] The solid adsorption medium in the above solid treatment tank can be activated carbon, graphene, carbon nanotube, graphite, alumina, montmorillonite, silicate, phosphate or porous glass, etc., and is used for treating the residual gas treated by the liquid treatment tank, such as adsorbing excess H2, CO, methane, ethylene, etc. Preferably, the solid adsorption medium is activated carbon which has a relatively low cost and a relatively excellent treatment effect. Generally, activated carbon with a high iodine value or modified activated carbon is selected. Such activated carbon is easy to adsorb small molecular weight gases in the thermal runaway smoke, such as hydrogen and methane.

[0227] Table 3 Adsorption test after combination of NaOH solution and activated carbon

[0228]

[0229] Through the test data, it is found that the effect of using NaOH solution and activated carbon (No. 1 filter canister P-B-3 activated carbon) to treat the thermal runaway smoke of the battery thermal runaway space is very good. After many tests, it is found that the thermal runaway smoke of the full 32650 battery after thermal runaway is first treated by 1500 mL of 0.1 mol / L NaOH solution, and then treated by 270 g of activated carbon adsorption, the collected gas volume is 0.3-0.5 L, and the collected gas is not flammable.

[0230] The smoke treatment system in this embodiment introduces the thermal runaway smoke generated by the battery module thermal runaway into the liquid treatment tank for treatment. The liquid treatment tank treats the electrolyte and part of the gas carried in the battery thermal runaway smoke, prevents the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose to generate gas, thereby reducing the gas production of the battery thermal runaway gas. The subsequent solid treatment tank can complete the treatment of the thermal runaway smoke by using less solid adsorption medium. At the same time, the treated gas is not flammable, which improves the safety of the energy storage device.

[0231] In some embodiments, the smoke treatment unit can also only include a solid treatment device. The thermal runaway smoke generated by the battery module is directly delivered to the solid treatment device through the smoke bus duct for treatment.

[0232] The smoke treatment unit in this embodiment can also include an ignition device 2210. As shown in Figure 26 , the ignition device 2210 is arranged at the rear end of the liquid treatment device or the solid treatment device, and performs controllable ignition treatment on the thermal runaway smoke treated by the liquid treatment device or the solid treatment device. The above-mentioned ignition device 2210 can adopt the structure disclosed in Chinese patents CN220324645U, CN219453979U, CN218523576U, CN218498146U, CN218414927U, etc.

[0233] In some embodiments, the smoke treatment unit can also only include an ignition device. The thermal runaway smoke generated by the battery module is directly delivered to the ignition device through the smoke bus duct, and the ignition device directly performs separate ignition treatment on all the thermal runaway smoke.

[0234] As shown in Figure 26As shown, the above-mentioned ignition device 2210 comprises a flue gas pipeline 2321 connected with the flue gas outlet 2304 of the Mth liquid treatment tank 2301 in the liquid treatment device 230 (for example, without setting a solid adsorption device), and at least one set of ignition assembly. The ignition assembly is connected to the flue gas pipeline 2321. Among them, the number of ignition assemblies can be set according to the needs, which can be set to 1 set, 2 sets, 3 sets or 4 sets or more sets. When multiple sets are set, not only can the hot runaway flue gas be fully ignited to ensure reliable ignition, but also the safety hazard that a single ignition assembly fails or fails to reliably ignite the hot runaway flue gas can be avoided.

[0235] As shown in Figure 26 Each ignition assembly comprises a smoke exhaust pipe 2322 and an igniter 2323 arranged at the outlet of the smoke exhaust pipe 2322. The smoke exhaust pipe 2322 is connected to the flue gas pipeline 2321 (when there are multiple ignition assemblies, the inlets of the smoke exhaust pipes 2322 of the multiple ignition assemblies are all connected to the flue gas pipeline 2321). The igniter 2323 is turned on when the thermal runaway occurs in any battery module assembly 52, and then the hot runaway flue gas treated by the liquid treatment device 230 is transported into the smoke exhaust pipe 2322 by the flue gas pipeline 2321, and the igniter 2323 ignites the hot runaway flue gas discharged from the smoke exhaust pipe 2322. The igniter 2323 can be turned on by a trigger 2324 or by a BMS (battery management system). When the trigger 2324 is turned on, the trigger 2324 can be a sensor of different structures, which can be arranged in the smoke exhaust pipe 2322 or on the flue gas pipeline 2321 to detect parameters such as temperature, pressure or gas volume fraction in real time, and when the set threshold is exceeded, a signal can be sent to start the igniter 2323. Specifically, the above-mentioned trigger 2324 can be at least one of a pressure sensor, a gas sensor or a temperature sensor. When the trigger 2324 is started, a flame arrester 2325 can also be arranged on the smoke exhaust pipe 2322, which is preferably a pipeline flame arrester 2325, used to prevent the flame from transmitting downward through the smoke exhaust pipe 2322 to damage the trigger 2324 and other devices. When the BMS is turned on, the BMS monitors the voltage, current and temperature of each battery module assembly 52 in the energy storage device in real time, and when the voltage, current and temperature of any battery module assembly 52 exceed the threshold, the igniter 2323 is started.

[0236] The structure of the above-mentioned igniter 2323 can be various, for example, it can specifically adopt an existing electric arc igniter 2323 or resistance wire igniter 2323, etc. The electric arc igniter 2323 can specifically adopt a pulse igniter 2323, and the power supply mode of the igniter 2323 can adopt dry batteries or alternating current according to the site environment.

[0237] When the battery module assembly 52 is in thermal runaway, the thermal runaway smoke generated by the battery module assembly 52 in thermal runaway enters the liquid treatment device 230 through the smoke busbar, the liquid treatment device 230 carries out targeted treatment on the electrolyte and part of the gas carried in the battery thermal runaway smoke, and then the ignition device 2210 carries out controllable ignition treatment on the thermal runaway smoke treated by the liquid treatment device 230, so as to reduce the safety hidden danger generated after the thermal runaway smoke is discharged.

[0238] The smoke treatment unit 22 of the embodiment can also include a buffer device, which is arranged between the smoke busbar and the smoke treatment unit 22 and buffers the thermal runaway smoke entering the smoke treatment unit 22.

[0239] As shown in Figure 27 The buffer device includes N buffer tanks 234, each of which is provided with a smoke inlet port 2341 and a smoke outlet port 2342 communicating with the inner cavity thereof; the smoke inlet port 2303 of the first liquid treatment tank 2301 is connected with the smoke outlet port 2342 of the Nth buffer tank 234, wherein N is an integer greater than or equal to 1. Figure 27 As shown in the smoke treatment unit 22 includes a buffer device, a liquid treatment device 230 and an ignition device 2210, the buffer device is arranged at the front end of the liquid treatment device 230, and the ignition device 2210 is arranged at the rear end of the liquid treatment device 230. In other embodiments, the buffer device can also be arranged at the front end of the ignition device 2210.

[0240] In the above buffer device, the number of buffer tanks 234 can be set according to the number and demand of the battery module assembly 52. If the buffer tanks 234 are multiple, the multiple buffer tanks 234 can be connected in series through the connecting pipeline 2302. The shape of the buffer tank 234 is not limited, which can be a rectangular tank, a circular tank and an oval tank, etc., and the circular tank is the best, which has good pressure-bearing performance.

[0241] The number of buffer tanks 234 in the embodiment is one, which is an empty tank body, and the inside is not filled with substances, which is arranged between the smoke busbar and the smoke treatment unit 22 and mainly has the following functions:

[0242] First, buffer the thermal runaway smoke;

[0243] A buffer tank 234 is arranged in front of the flue gas treatment unit 22. The buffer tank 234 buffers the thermal runaway flue gas, slows down the speed of the thermal runaway flue gas, and reduces the pressure of the thermal runaway flue gas, so that the thermal runaway flue gas enters the liquid treatment tank 2301 or the ignition device 2210 at a relatively stable flow rate. The liquid treatment medium can sufficiently treat the thermal runaway flue gas, or when the thermal runaway flue gas is ignited by the ignition device 2210, the combustion flame is relatively stable, avoiding the defects that the thermal runaway flue gas with a large instantaneous pressure rapidly passes through the liquid treatment medium and the thermal runaway flue gas cannot be sufficiently treated, thereby improving the treatment effect of the liquid treatment medium.

[0244] Second, the electrolyte in the thermal runaway flue gas is collected.

[0245] The battery module assembly 52 with the shared chamber has a certain amount of free electrolyte. When the battery module assembly 52 is in thermal runaway, the free electrolyte is sprayed out with the thermal runaway flue gas. When the explosion venting area is arranged at the bottom of the shell 3, almost all the free electrolyte in the shared chamber is sprayed out with the thermal runaway flue gas. The buffer tank 234 is arranged in front of the liquid treatment device 230. The buffer tank 234 buffers the thermal runaway flue gas and separates the gas and liquid in the thermal runaway flue gas, so that the electrolyte carried by the thermal runaway flue gas is collected in the buffer tank 234, thereby reducing the amount of liquid treatment medium used in the subsequent liquid treatment device 230.

[0246] When the battery module assembly 52 is in thermal runaway, almost all the free electrolyte in the battery module assembly 52 is sprayed out with the thermal runaway flue gas. The electrolyte is ignited together with the flammable gas. At this time, the liquid electrolyte carried by the thermal runaway flue gas may cause flame spatter and other hazards during combustion. At the same time, when the thermal runaway flue gas is ignited, the electrolyte in the thermal runaway flue gas participates in combustion together with the flammable gas, generating a large amount of combustion flame. The large amount of combustion flame may affect the devices near the ignition device 2210, and there is a certain safety hazard. The buffer tank 234 is arranged in front of the ignition device 2210. The buffer tank 234 buffers the thermal runaway flue gas and separates the gas and liquid in the thermal runaway flue gas, so that the electrolyte carried by the thermal runaway flue gas is collected in the buffer tank 234. This not only prevents the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose to generate flammable gas, reducing the amount of flammable gas, but also, when the subsequent thermal runaway flue gas is ignited, only the flammable gas is combusted (the electrolyte has been collected by the buffer tank 234), so that the size of the flame when the thermal runaway flue gas is ignited is reduced, and the safety hazard to the surrounding environment is reduced.

[0247] Third, the thermal runaway flue gas is decontaminated.

[0248] When the battery module assembly 52 is in thermal runaway, the temperature inside each single battery 21 is about 140°C to 850°C. At this temperature, the separators, plastic films, plastic parts, and other fusible parts inside the single battery 21 are melted by the high temperature. The above molten substances are ejected from the battery cavity along with the high-temperature and high-pressure thermal runaway smoke. During the process of flowing through the smoke manifold to the rear thermal runaway smoke treatment device, the molten substances gradually solidify and block the pipeline in the smoke treatment unit 22 as the temperature of the thermal runaway smoke decreases. At this time, the addition of the buffer tank 234 can collect the impurities such as molten substances in the buffer tank 234 when the thermal runaway smoke is buffered in the buffer tank 234, thereby avoiding the blockage of the subsequent pipeline.

[0249] Fourth, the backflushed liquid treatment medium is collected.

[0250] When the battery module assembly 52 is in thermal runaway, the thermal runaway smoke ejected instantaneously has high pressure. The high-pressure thermal runaway smoke enters the liquid treatment tank 2301 through the smoke manifold. Since the liquid treatment tank 2301 is filled with liquid treatment medium and is provided with a shunt part 2307, the thermal runaway smoke cannot be discharged from the liquid treatment tank 2301 in time, and the liquid treatment tank 2301 is pressurized. At this time, the following phenomena may occur: the liquid treatment medium in the liquid treatment tank 2301 is backflushed by the high-pressure gas in the liquid treatment tank 2301 to the smoke manifold, the smoke manifold is blocked, and the subsequent generated thermal runaway smoke cannot be smoothly discharged to the liquid treatment tank 2301 through the smoke manifold.

[0251] The buffer tank 234 is added in front of the liquid treatment tank 2301. When the liquid treatment medium in the liquid treatment tank 2301 is backflushed, the liquid treatment medium is collected in the buffer tank 234 in front and cannot flow into the smoke manifold, thereby avoiding the blockage of the smoke manifold, so that the thermal runaway smoke can be smoothly discharged to the liquid treatment device 230 for treatment.

[0252] As Figure 27As shown, the buffer tank 234 is provided with a smoke inlet 2341 and a smoke outlet 2342 which are in communication with the inner cavity of the buffer tank 234. The smoke inlet 2341 is mainly used for connecting with the smoke manifold, and the smoke manifold is used to transport the thermal runaway smoke generated by the battery module assembly 52 into the buffer tank 234. The smoke outlet 2342 is mainly used for discharging the thermal runaway smoke in the buffer tank 234. When the smoke inlet 2341 and the smoke outlet 2342 are arranged, they can be arranged on the side wall of the buffer tank 234 or on the top of the buffer tank 234. In the embodiment, the smoke inlet 2341 and the smoke outlet 2342 are arranged on the top of the buffer tank 234. The smoke inlet 2341 is arranged on the top of the buffer tank 234, which can make the solid impurities and electrolyte carried by the thermal runaway smoke deposit on the bottom of the buffer tank 234 under the action of gravity, and the liquid in the buffer tank 234 is difficult to be squeezed into the smoke manifold in front of the top smoke inlet 2341. The smoke outlet 2342 is arranged on the top of the buffer tank 234, which can make the solid impurities and electrolyte carried by the thermal runaway smoke not be discharged smoothly, and make the gas in the thermal runaway smoke be discharged from the buffer tank 234 smoothly.

[0253] In addition, a liquid discharge valve can be arranged at the bottom of the buffer tank 234 to timely discharge the liquid in the buffer tank 234. In order to facilitate the standardization and integration of the energy storage device, the buffer tank 234 can adopt a structure similar to the liquid treatment tank 2301.

[0254] Reference Figure 27 The smoke gas treatment system of the embodiment can further include at least one safety device (each safety device including a safety pipeline 2220 and a safety discharge part 2230).

[0255] If the smoke gas treatment system does not have a safety device, the following problems can exist:

[0256] First, if multiple battery module assemblies 52 simultaneously occur thermal runaway, the pressure of the thermal runaway smoke can be too large to open the reverse explosion-proof part of the battery module assembly 52, which can affect the battery module assembly 52 that does not occur thermal runaway, and can cause safety hazards, or can damage the seal at the connection of the smoke manifold, causing the smoke manifold to leak and causing safety hazards.

[0257] Second, because the liquid treatment tank 2301 is filled with liquid treatment medium and is provided with a shunt part 2307, the thermal runaway smoke cannot be discharged from the liquid treatment tank 2301 in time, and the thermal runaway smoke is accumulated and pressurized in the smoke manifold. When the pressure is too large, the reverse explosion-proof part of the battery module assembly 52 can be opened, which can affect the battery module assembly 52 that does not occur thermal runaway, and can cause safety hazards, or can damage the seal at the connection of the smoke manifold, causing the smoke manifold to leak and causing safety hazards.

[0258] Based on this, the energy storage device of the embodiment can further include at least one safety device. When the pressure of the thermal runaway flue gas in the flue gas manifold is too large, the safety device can discharge the thermal runaway flue gas through the safety device to avoid the safety hazard caused by the excessive pressure of the flue gas manifold, thereby improving the safety of the energy storage device.

[0259] As shown in Figure 27 , each safety device includes a safety pipeline 2220 and a safety discharge part 2230. The inlet of the safety pipeline 2220 is in communication with the flue gas manifold or the buffer tank 234, and the outlet is in communication with the external environment, or the outlet of the safety pipeline 2220 is connected with the flue gas outlet 2304 of the Mth liquid treatment tank 2301, or the outlet of the safety pipeline 2220 is connected with the flue gas outlet 2304 of the last solid treatment tank 231, or the outlet of the safety pipeline 2220 is in communication with the flue gas pipeline 2321 of the ignition device 2210. The safety discharge part 2230 is arranged on the safety pipeline 2220, and the opening pressure thereof is less than that of the battery module assembly 52. The safety device is used to discharge the thermal runaway flue gas from the safety pipeline 2220 when the pressure of the thermal runaway flue gas in the flue gas manifold is too large to cause a safety hazard, so as to avoid the influence of the thermal runaway flue gas on the battery module that does not occur thermal runaway, or the influence on the sealing of the connection of the flue gas manifold, thereby improving the safety of the energy storage device during use.

[0260] The safety discharge part 2230 can be implemented in the following structures: first, a pressure relief membrane or a pressure relief valve is used; the pressure relief membrane or the pressure relief valve is installed on the safety pipeline 2220; second, a safety valve is used, which can be opened at a set pressure; the safety valve can be a pressure valve, which can be automatically opened at a certain pressure; the pressure valve has a set opening threshold, and when the pressure in the flue gas manifold exceeds the threshold, the pressure valve is automatically opened, which has high reliability, and in addition, the safety valve is also convenient to install; third, a pressure measuring device and a control valve are used; the pressure measuring device is used to monitor the pressure of the gas in the flue gas manifold, and the control valve is opened when the pressure of the gas in the flue gas manifold exceeds the threshold; the pressure measuring device can be a pressure sensor, and the control valve is an electromagnetic valve, which is signal-connected with the pressure measuring device; the pressure measuring device controls the opening of the electromagnetic valve according to the pressure in the flue gas manifold.

[0261] In combination with Figure 21 and Figure 28 , the fire safety system 2 of the embodiment can further include a secondary fire extinguishing unit 021, which mainly includes a fire extinguishing device 24 and a fire extinguishing pipeline 25. The fire extinguishing device 24 stores extinguishing substances, and the fire extinguishing pipeline 25 is used to deliver the extinguishing substances in the fire extinguishing device 24 into the box of the energy storage device. The inlet of the fire extinguishing pipeline 25 is connected with the fire extinguishing device 24, and the outlet is arranged in the box of the energy storage device.

[0262] In the present embodiment, at least one fire extinguishing agent nozzle is arranged on the fire pipe 25, and the fire extinguishing agent nozzle is arranged at the top of the box of the energy storage device. The fire extinguishing agent nozzle is used for spraying the fire extinguishing agent to ensure that the fire extinguishing agent can cover all the battery module assemblies 52. The fire extinguishing device 24 stores a certain amount of fire extinguishing agent, which is specifically perfluorohexone, heptafluoropropane, aerosol, water, etc. At the same time, a control valve is arranged at the outlet of the fire extinguishing device 24. The control valve is started by the BMS or by the sensor arranged in the box of the energy storage device. When the sensor is started, the sensor includes at least two of a temperature sensor, a gas sensor, and a smoke detector. The sensor monitors the environment in the box of the energy storage device in real time, and opens the control valve according to the detection data.

[0263] When the battery module assembly 52 is in thermal runaway, the first fire extinguishing unit 020 can guide the thermal runaway smoke of the thermal runaway battery out of the box of the energy storage device and process it, thereby preventing the thermal diffusion of the thermal runaway battery. In this way, the situation that the thermal runaway of an individual battery module assembly 52 causes the thermal diffusion of other batteries or even the entire energy storage device to explode can be avoided. At the same time, the gathering of high-temperature and high-pressure gas in a limited space can also be avoided. When the thermal runaway smoke exists in the box of the energy storage device, the second fire extinguishing unit 021 is started to spray the fire extinguishing agent on the thermal runaway smoke in the box of the energy storage device and the burning and exploding battery, thereby further preventing the thermal runaway from continuing to occur. The first fire extinguishing unit 020 and the second fire extinguishing unit 021 can cool and extinguish the thermal runaway battery according to the situation, thereby greatly improving the safety of the energy storage device.

[0264] In combination with Figure 21 and as Figure 28 described above, the fire safety system 2 of the present embodiment can further include a third fire extinguishing unit 022. The third fire extinguishing unit 022 includes a fire water spraying pipe 26 and at least one water mist nozzle 27 arranged on the fire water spraying pipe 26. The inlet of the fire water spraying pipe 26 is used for connecting with an external fire water pipe, and the water mist nozzle 27 is arranged at the top of the box of the energy storage device. When multiple battery module assemblies 52 are in thermal runaway and the fire is large, the fire water spraying pipe 26 can cooperate with the second fire extinguishing unit 021 to extinguish the multiple batteries, or when the fire extinguishing agent in the second fire extinguishing unit 021 is consumed, the third fire extinguishing unit 022 is started to continue to take corresponding fire extinguishing measures on the battery module assemblies 52, thereby further improving the safety of the entire energy storage device. In other embodiments, the fire safety system 2 can not be provided with the third fire extinguishing unit 022, or when the fire extinguishing agent in the second fire extinguishing unit 021 is water, the third fire extinguishing unit 022 is a fire water connector arranged on the fire pipe 25. The fire water connector is used for connecting with an external fire water pipe.

[0265] The working principle of the above fire safety system 2 is as follows:

[0266] When the battery module assembly 52 in the box of the energy storage device is working normally, the first fire unit 020, the second fire unit 021 and the third fire unit 022 do not work. When a certain battery module assembly 52 occurs thermal runaway, the thermal runaway smoke generated by the thermal runaway of the battery module assembly 52 is transported to the smoke treatment unit 22 through the smoke manifold for treatment. When the smoke manifold leaks or the smoke treatment device fails, there is thermal runaway smoke in the box of the energy storage device, or the battery module assembly 52 occurs combustion or explosion, the second fire unit 021 starts, and the fire extinguishing device 24 sprays the fire extinguishing material through the fire extinguishing pipeline 25. The fire extinguishing material prevents the thermal runaway smoke from causing a fire, or the fire extinguishing material extinguishes the fire of the battery that has combusted and exploded. If the fire cannot be controlled after the second fire unit 021 operates, the third fire unit 022 connects the external fire water, and the water mist nozzle 27 starts to extinguish the fire. Or when multiple battery module assemblies 52 simultaneously occur thermal runaway and the combustion fire is large, the second fire unit 021 and the third fire unit 022 start simultaneously to extinguish the fire.

[0267] It should be noted that when the second fire unit 021 and the third fire unit 022 start, the ignition device 2210 in the first fire unit 020 does not work.

Claims

1. An energy storage device, characterized by: The fire safety system comprises at least one battery pack assembly. The fire safety system comprises a first fire unit, the first fire unit comprises a smoke confluence pipe and a smoke treatment unit, the smoke confluence pipe is used for conveying thermal runaway smoke generated by each battery pack assembly into the smoke treatment unit, and the smoke treatment unit is used for treating the thermal runaway smoke. Each battery pack assembly comprises a venting confluence pipe and at least one battery module assembly; each battery module assembly comprises a battery module and a liquid cooling device. The battery module comprises a plurality of single batteries arranged along an x direction; the liquid cooling device is a liquid cooling plate arranged on the top of the battery module, and the liquid cooling plate is provided with a first channel and a second channel which are isolated from each other; the first channel serves as a flow channel of an insulating heat transfer medium; the second channel serves as a thermal runaway smoke pretreatment channel, and an inlet end of the second channel is connected with a venting part of the battery module; a plurality of through holes corresponding to all polarity terminals of the single batteries in the battery module are arranged on the liquid cooling plate; each through hole extends along a z direction and penetrates the first channel; each polarity terminal of the single batteries is inserted into the corresponding through hole and extends out of the through hole; the polarity terminal side wall and the through hole are insulated and sealed. In each battery pack assembly, the outlet end of the second channel of each battery module is communicated with the venting confluence pipe, and the outlet end of the venting confluence pipe is communicated with the smoke confluence pipe of the first fire unit.

2. The energy storage device of claim 1, wherein: Two first baffles are arranged in the liquid cooling plate; the two first baffles are arranged along a y direction and extend along an x direction, so as to divide the inner cavity of the liquid cooling plate into two first channels and one second channel, and the second channel is located between the two first channels.

3. The energy storage device of claim 1, wherein: A first connecting pipe and a second baffle are arranged in the liquid cooling plate; the second baffle is a U-shaped baffle; a cavity between the second baffle and the side plate of the liquid cooling plate is used as the first channel, and the inner cavity of the second baffle is used as the second channel. One end of the first connecting pipe is connected with the bottom plate of the second baffle and penetrates the second channel; the other end of the first connecting pipe extends out of the liquid cooling plate and serves as the outlet end of the second channel.

4. The energy storage device of claim 1, wherein: The venting part of the battery module is a venting port or an explosion-proof port of each single battery; the inlet end of the second channel is a plurality of inlet ends which are arranged along the x direction on the bottom plate of the liquid cooling plate and are connected with the venting port or the explosion-proof port of each single battery one by one.

5. The energy storage device of claim 1, wherein: The battery module further comprises an electrolyte sharing pipeline; the inner cavity of the electrolyte sharing pipeline is communicated with the electrolyte area in the inner cavity of each single battery, and at least one end of the electrolyte sharing pipeline is provided with a venting mechanism; the venting mechanism serves as the venting part of the battery module; the inlet end of the second channel is located on the third side plate of the liquid cooling plate and is connected with the venting mechanism.

6. The energy storage device of claim 1, wherein: The battery module further comprises a shell; a plurality of single batteries are arranged in the inner cavity of the shell along the x direction. The shell is provided with at least one electrolyte sharing chamber and a venting mechanism communicated with the electrolyte sharing chamber, the inner cavity of the electrolyte sharing chamber is communicated with the inner cavities of all single batteries; the top plate of the shell is provided with a plurality of avoiding holes corresponding to the polarity terminals of the single batteries; each polarity terminal of the single batteries extends out of the avoiding hole, and the area of the top plate of the shell corresponding to the avoiding hole is fixedly sealed with the shell of the single battery; The venting mechanism serves as the venting part of the battery module; the inlet end of the second channel is located on the third side plate of the liquid cooling plate and is connected with the venting mechanism.

7. The energy storage device of claim 6, wherein: The top plate of the shell is paved with a second insulating sealing glue layer, and the liquid cooling plate is located in the second insulating sealing glue layer.

8. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: The functional structure is arranged on the polar terminal and used for increasing the heat exchange area of the polar terminal, and the part of the polar terminal provided with the functional structure is located in the first channel and directly contacts the insulating heat transfer medium.

9. The energy storage device of claim 8, wherein: The functional structure is n first annular grooves, n is an integer greater than or equal to 1; each first annular groove extends in the circumferential direction of the side wall of the polar terminal, and the n first annular grooves are arranged in the height direction of the polar terminal.

10. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: The flue gas treatment unit comprises at least one of a liquid treatment device, a solid treatment device, a flue gas cooling device and an ignition device; The liquid treatment device is mainly used for treating electrolyte and gas in the thermal runaway flue gas; The flue gas cooling device is mainly used for cooling treatment of the thermal runaway flue gas; The solid treatment device is mainly used for adsorbing treatment of the gas in the thermal runaway flue gas; The ignition device is used for ignition treatment of the thermal runaway flue gas.

11. The energy storage device of claim 10, wherein: The flue gas treatment unit comprises a liquid treatment device, and the liquid treatment device comprises M liquid treatment tanks, each of which is provided with a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet, the first liquid treatment tank to the M-1th liquid treatment tank are filled with liquid treatment medium, and the Mth liquid treatment tank is empty, wherein M is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

12. The energy storage device of claim 11, wherein: The flue gas treatment unit further comprises an ignition device connected to the flue gas outlet of the Mth liquid treatment tank, which is used for ignition treatment of the thermal runaway flue gas treated by the liquid treatment device.

13. The energy storage device of claim 12, wherein: The liquid treatment medium is an alkali solution, and the alkali solution is a 0.05-0.5 mol / L NaOH solution.

14. The energy storage device of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: The first fire extinguishing unit further comprises a buffer device comprising at least one buffer tank provided with a smoke inlet and a smoke outlet communicating with the inner cavity thereof, the buffer device being arranged between the flue gas collecting pipe and the flue gas treatment unit and used for buffering treatment of the thermal runaway flue gas.

15. The energy storage device of claim 14, wherein: The first fire extinguishing unit further comprises a safety device comprising safety pipelines and a safety discharge part; the inlets of the safety pipelines communicate with the flue gas collecting pipe or the buffer tank, the outlets of the safety pipelines communicate with the external environment; and the safety discharge part is arranged on the safety pipeline and has an opening pressure less than that of the battery module explosion vent.

16. The energy storage device of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: The flue gas collecting pipe comprises a primary collecting pipe and a secondary collecting pipe, the primary collecting pipe is connected to the outlet end of the battery pack assembly explosion vent collecting pipe, and the secondary collecting pipe is connected to each primary collecting pipe to centrally transport the thermal runaway flue gas in each primary collecting pipe to the flue gas treatment unit.

17. The energy storage device of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: The fire safety system further comprises a secondary fire extinguishing unit, the secondary fire extinguishing unit comprises a fire extinguishing device and a fire extinguishing pipeline; the fire extinguishing device contains fire extinguishing substances, and the fire extinguishing pipeline is used for conveying the fire extinguishing substances in the fire extinguishing device into the box of the energy storage equipment.

18. The energy storage device of claim 17, wherein: The fire safety system further comprises a tertiary fire extinguishing unit, the tertiary fire extinguishing unit comprises a fire water spraying pipeline and at least one water mist nozzle arranged on the fire water spraying pipeline, and the inlet of the fire water spraying pipeline is used for connecting with an external fire water pipe.

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