Optimized structure of train panoramic image detection system

Abstract

The utility model relates to an optimized structure of a train panoramic image detection system, which structurally comprises a light source module and an image acquisition module of the image detection system, and a light source light path of the light source module is provided with a diffuse emission light transmission piece; a beam expanding lens is arranged at the light beam output end of the light source module; the diffuse emission light-transmitting piece is arranged on the light-emitting side of the beam expanding lens; an incident light beam of the light source module sequentially penetrates through the beam expanding lens and the diffuse reflection light transmitting piece and is suitable for generating scattered light beams distributed on a vehicle body. An image acquisition area of the image acquisition module on the vehicle body and a scattered light beam area projected to the vehicle body by the light source module are mutually overlapped. The non-imaging illumination technology is adopted, the scattering effect is achieved at the light source output end, and the problem that the illumination light source is difficult to design due to the fact that the reflection characteristic difference of the vehicle surface is large is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of visual inspection technology for rail trains, and in particular to an optimized structure for a panoramic image inspection system for trains. Background Technology

[0002] After daily operations conclude, rail trains return to the depot and undergo meticulous routine inspections to ensure they are in optimal condition and effectively prevent potential threats to safe operation from loosening, displacement, deformation, and foreign object intrusion. However, traditional manual inspection methods are not only labor-intensive but also inefficient and costly, failing to meet the demands of modern rail transit for efficient and precise maintenance. To address this issue, existing technology has introduced a 360-degree panoramic image inspection system for train vehicles. This system cleverly combines image acquisition and image analysis technologies, enabling comprehensive and automated inspections during the train's return to the depot, significantly improving inspection efficiency while effectively reducing maintenance costs. A typical 360-degree panoramic image inspection system for train vehicles includes an image acquisition system, the core component of the inspection system. This system primarily consists of a high-performance CCD camera and a carefully designed lighting source (such as LED light sources). High-quality lighting is crucial to ensuring accurate image analysis.

[0003] like Figure 1 As shown, in existing image detection systems, the LED light source is shaped and diffused by a lens before being output, while the camera focuses the image through a lens. Under normal circumstances, such as Figure 2As shown, when the vehicle body surface is a diffuse reflective surface, the light intensity received by the camera lens is chaotic yet uniform, which can be considered to meet the design requirements and achieve the detection target. In other words, when the vehicle body surface is a diffuse reflective surface, the illumination distribution is more uniform, and the image captured by the CCD camera can generate better image quality, allowing the system to identify the exterior details of the train body. However, when the vehicle body surface is a high reflectivity surface, the main light intensity received by the camera lens is the total internal reflection of the emitted light, and the camera image is a core image at a certain magnification, which cannot achieve the detection target. Since the reflective characteristics of different models or styles of trains generally vary significantly, the design of the lighting source presents a considerable challenge. For example, on the underside of a train, because most components are coated with dark gray reflective paint, the projected area of ​​the light source for image capture is extremely limited under LED lighting. Most areas are under-lit, primarily due to differences in reflectivity between surfaces. Highly reflective surfaces can obscure minute details, leading to image loss and reduced quality. Uneven lighting can also affect overall brightness and clarity. Furthermore, highly reflective surfaces reflect more light, potentially causing overexposure of the imaging sensor, resulting in excessively bright images and loss of detail, especially noticeable in bright light. 360-degree panoramic images are typically stitched together from multiple cameras. High reflectivity can cause significant differences in brightness and color between images captured by different cameras, increasing the difficulty of image processing algorithms during stitching and resulting in unnatural marks or errors at the stitching points. High reflectivity can also obscure or distort important features of the train surface, such as cracks and rust, posing a challenge to detection systems that rely on image features for identification and analysis. Utility Model Content

[0004] In order to solve the technical problems existing in the prior art to a certain extent, this utility model provides an optimized structure for a train panoramic image detection system. It adopts non-imaging lighting technology to achieve a scattering effect at the light source output end, thereby solving the problem that the large differences in the reflective characteristics of the vehicle surface make it difficult to design the lighting source.

[0005] This utility model discloses an optimized structure for a train panoramic image detection system, including a light source module and an image acquisition module for the image detection system.

[0006] The light source module is provided with a diffuse reflection light-transmitting element in the light source path;

[0007] The incident light beam from the light source module passes through the diffuse reflection light-transmitting element and generates a scattered light beam distributed throughout the vehicle body.

[0008] The image acquisition module's image acquisition area of ​​the vehicle body overlaps with the area of ​​the scattered beam projected onto the vehicle body by the light source module.

[0009] According to the optimized structure of the train panoramic image detection system of this utility model, the transmittance of the diffuse reflection light-transmitting element is ≥90%.

[0010] An optimized structure for a train panoramic image detection system according to this utility model:

[0011] The light source module includes an LED light source;

[0012] The diffuse reflective light-transmitting element includes a diffuse reflective sheet;

[0013] The diffuser is positioned in front of the beam output end of the LED light source.

[0014] An optimized structure for a train panoramic image detection system according to this utility model:

[0015] The image acquisition module includes an imaging camera;

[0016] The shooting direction of the imaging camera and the illumination direction of the LED light source form a certain angle with each other.

[0017] The LED light source passes through the diffuser.

[0018] The resulting scattered beam of light is distributed across the vehicle body and falls into the imaging area of ​​the imaging camera.

[0019] According to the optimized structure of the train panoramic image detection system of this utility model, the diffuse emission sheet is connected to a telescopic rod, and the telescopic rod drives the diffuse emission sheet to move linearly in the optical path of the LED light source.

[0020] According to the optimized structure of the train panoramic image detection system of this utility model, the number of diffuse emission plates is several, and the diameter, thickness, reflectivity, spectral range, Lambertianity, optical flatness or stray angle of each diffuse emission plate is different from each other.

[0021] Each of the aforementioned diffuser sheets can be alternatively disposed on the beam output end of the LED light source.

[0022] According to the optimized structure of the train panoramic image detection system of the present invention, it also includes a turntable, and each of the diffuse emission plates surrounds the rotation axis of the turntable and is circumferentially distributed on the outer periphery of the turntable and is respectively connected to the turntable;

[0023] The turntable drives each diffuser to rotate and moves them in turn to the beam output end of the LED light source.

[0024] According to the optimized structure of the train panoramic image detection system of this utility model, the diffuse emission sheet is made of Teflon or white acrylic material.

[0025] According to the optimized structure of the train panoramic image detection system of this utility model, the diffuse emission sheet is a controllable light diffusion sheet.

[0026] This utility model discloses an optimized structure for a train panoramic image detection system. By setting a diffuse reflection and light-transmitting component in the output optical path of the light source module, the diffuse reflection and light-transmitting component scatters the originally concentrated incident light beam generated by the light source module. This causes the light source module to project a dispersed and scattered light beam onto the train vehicle surface, making it easier for the train vehicle surface to generate diffusely reflected light beams and form a diffuse reflection area. Since the image acquisition module's image acquisition area of ​​the vehicle vehicle overlaps with the area of ​​the scattered light beam projected onto the vehicle vehicle by the light source module, the diffuse reflection area of ​​the vehicle vehicle surface will not produce a high reflectivity for the image acquisition module. After the image acquisition module performs image acquisition on the scattered light beam area of ​​the vehicle vehicle, it can more clearly acquire the image of the vehicle vehicle, improve the imaging quality of the image detection system, and effectively solve the problem that the large differences in the reflective characteristics of the vehicle surface bring difficulties to the design of the lighting source. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a working structure diagram of a panoramic image detection system in the existing technology;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a working structure diagram of a panoramic image detection system in the existing technology;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram and rendering of the overall structure of this utility model;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an optional structure of this utility model;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of an optional structure of the present invention (side view);

[0033] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of an optional structure of this utility model (front view);

[0034] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of an optional structure of this utility model;

[0035] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 Activity diagram;

[0036] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of an optional structure of this utility model.

[0037] Figure label:

[0038] 1. LED light source, 2. Diffuser, 3. Imaging camera, 4. Telescopic rod, 5. Turntable, 6. Beam expander lens, 7. Swing arm. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The embodiments of this utility model are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this utility model, and should not be construed as limiting this utility model. In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships, are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting this utility model.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] like Figure 3As shown, the optimized structure of the train panoramic image detection system in this embodiment includes a light source module and an image acquisition module for the image detection system, and an additional diffuse reflection light-transmitting element is installed on the light source path of the light source module. Specifically, the diffuse reflection light-transmitting element is a diffuse reflection sheet 2. A beam expander lens 6 is installed on the beam output end of the light source module, and the diffuse reflection light-transmitting element is installed on the light output side of the beam expander lens 6. The incident beam of the light source module passes through the beam expander lens 6 and the diffuse reflection light-transmitting element in sequence, and then generates a scattered beam distributed on the vehicle body. That is, after the incident beam of the light source module is shaped and diffused by the beam expander lens 6, it continues to penetrate the diffuse reflection sheet 2, and the light source light output from the light source module to the vehicle body is scattered by the diffuse reflection sheet 2. In addition, the image acquisition area of ​​the vehicle body of the image acquisition module overlaps with the area of ​​the scattered beam of the light source module projected onto the vehicle body, so that the image acquisition module of the image detection system performs image acquisition on the area of ​​the scattered beam of the vehicle body.

[0042] It is understood that the optimization scheme of the panoramic image detection system for rail vehicles in this embodiment mainly involves setting a diffuse reflection light-transmitting component in the output optical path of the light source module. The diffuse reflection characteristics of the light-transmitting component scatter the relatively concentrated incident light beam originally generated by the light source module, so that the light source module projects a dispersed scattered light beam onto the surface of the train body. The surface of the train body then easily generates diffusely reflected light beams, forming a diffuse reflection area. Since the image acquisition area of ​​the image acquisition module on the train body overlaps with the area of ​​the scattered light beam projected onto the train body by the light source module, the diffuse reflection area on the train body surface will not produce a high reflectivity for the image acquisition module. After the image acquisition module performs image acquisition on the scattered light beam area of ​​the train body, it can more clearly acquire the image of the train body, improve the imaging quality of the image detection system, and effectively solve the problem that the large differences in the reflective characteristics of the vehicle surface make the design of the lighting source difficult. In the design of the light source output end of the panoramic image detection system for rail vehicles, a diffuse reflector is installed between the light source and the vehicle surface. This diffuse reflector has highly scattering characteristics, and its main function is to break the direct light emitted by the light source, converting it into soft light scattered in multiple directions. This design can effectively reduce the intensity of direct light and avoid forming strong light spots and shadows on the vehicle surface, thus making the vehicle surface a more ideal diffuse reflective surface. When the light from the light source passes through the diffuse reflector, the light is scattered in multiple directions, forming a uniformly distributed light field. The characteristic of this light field is that the light intensity distribution is disordered yet uniform, avoiding the phenomenon of local over-brightness or under-brightness caused by traditional light sources. In this case, the light received by the camera lens comes from all directions on the vehicle surface, rather than a single direction. Such light distribution is beneficial for the camera to detect targets. In this way, the panoramic image detection system for rail vehicles can have the following obvious beneficial effects. The first beneficial effect is that it can improve image quality. Due to the light scattering effect, the light received by the camera lens is more uniform, which helps to eliminate image noise and artifacts caused by uneven light. This allows the camera to better capture the details of the vehicle surface, thereby achieving clearer imaging. The second beneficial effect is enhanced detection capability. In a uniform light field, the camera detects the vehicle surface more accurately. Because the light is evenly distributed in all directions, the camera can more easily identify the features of the vehicle surface, such as color, shape, and texture, thereby improving the accuracy of target detection. The third beneficial effect is adaptability to various environments. The design of the diffuser makes the scattering effect of the light source more stable. Even under different lighting conditions, the camera can still maintain good imaging results, which provides great flexibility for the camera's application in different scenarios.The fourth benefit is that it can reduce costs and complexity. By adding a diffuser, we can simplify the optical design of the camera system and reduce the overall cost. In addition, this design reduces the hardware connection between the light source and the camera, reducing the complexity of the system. In particular, it effectively solves the problem that the large differences in the reflective properties of vehicle surfaces make it difficult to design lighting sources.

[0043] By adding a diffuse reflector to the light source output end, this technical solution actively increases the scattering effect of the light source output. This not only makes it easier for the vehicle body surface to form a diffuse reflective surface, but also makes the light intensity received by the camera lens both chaotic and uniform, thus meeting the design requirements. This allows the camera to better achieve the detection target and more easily form clear images. This improvement provides a new solution for the 360-degree panoramic image detection system for rail vehicles.

[0044] In this embodiment, the diffuse reflective light-transmitting element includes a diffuse reflector sheet 2, which has a transmittance of ≥90%. That is, when the diffuse reflector sheet 2 receives light from a light source, at least 90% of the light can pass through the light-transmitting element, thereby ensuring efficient utilization and uniform distribution of light.

[0045] In one embodiment, the light source module specifically includes an LED light source 1, a beam expander lens 6 disposed at the beam output end of the LED light source 1, and a diffuser 2 disposed in front of the beam output end of the LED light source 1. The image acquisition module includes an imaging camera 3, the shooting direction of the imaging camera 3 forming a certain angle with the illumination direction of the LED light source 1, and the scattered beam generated by the LED light source 1 after passing through the diffuser 2 is distributed on the vehicle body and falls into the shooting area of ​​the imaging camera 3.

[0046] In this embodiment, optionally, the diffuser 2 is made of Teflon or white acrylic. These two materials have high diffuse reflectivity, high temperature resistance, and anti-aging properties, which helps to prevent the diffuser 2 from overheating or aging due to prolonged exposure to light. Alternatively, the diffuser 2 can be configured as a controllable light diffuser. A controllable light diffuser is an optical element whose main function is to control the scattering of light to achieve a uniform and soft lighting effect. Unlike ordinary diffusers, controllable light diffusers allow for external adjustment of the scattering degree. The controllability of a controllable light diffuser can generally be achieved through electrical control and temperature control. When controlling the scattering degree of a controllable light diffuser using electrical control, the arrangement of tiny particles or liquid crystal molecules within the material is controlled by voltage, thereby altering the light scattering characteristics. When controlling the scattering degree of a controllable light diffuser using temperature control, the microstructure within the material is altered by temperature changes, thereby adjusting the light scattering. The technical advantage of setting the diffuse reflector 2 as a controllable light diffuser is that when light passes through the controllable diffuse reflector, the degree of light scattering can be adjusted as needed to adapt to different lighting requirements. This helps to ensure the uniformity of the scattered beam on the vehicle body and reduce glare. By adjusting the scattering characteristics of the controllable light diffuser, it can work with the train panoramic image detection system to achieve a more flexible, efficient and high-quality imaging effect.

[0047] In one embodiment, optionally, there are multiple diffuser sheets 2, each with different diameters, thicknesses, reflectivities, spectral ranges, Lambertian characteristics, optical flatness, or stray angles. Each diffuser sheet 2 is replaceably disposed on the beam output end of the LED light source 1. It is understood that since diffuser sheets 2 with different characteristics can be replaced on the beam output end of the LED light source 1, in practical applications, the diffuser sheets 2 on the beam output end of the LED light source 1 can be flexibly replaced for different application scenarios (e.g., for various train body shapes, or the installation position and angle of the imaging camera 3), optimizing the distribution of the scattered beam from the LED light source 1 on the vehicle body and ensuring the imaging effect of the image detection system.

[0048] Example 2

[0049] This embodiment is an optional solution to Embodiment 1, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the diffuser 2 is connected to a telescopic rod 4. During operation, the telescopic rod 4 causes the diffuser 2 to move linearly along the optical path of the LED light source 1. The telescopic rod 4 assists the panoramic image detection system for rail vehicles, working in conjunction with the imaging camera 3. The system can adjust the distance between the diffuser 2 and the light-emitting end of the LED light source 1 based on the real-time imaging quality of the imaging camera 3, thereby helping to optimize and adjust the scattering effect of the light from the LED light source 1 on the vehicle body.

[0050] Example 3

[0051] This embodiment is an optional solution to Embodiment 1, such as... Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the system also includes a turntable 5, which is connected to a servo motor. The system can precisely control the rotation angle of the turntable 5 through the servo motor. Multiple diffuser plates 2 with different characteristics surround the rotation axis of the turntable 5, and each diffuser plate 2 is circumferentially distributed on the outer periphery of the turntable 5. Each diffuser plate 2 is connected to a rotating mechanism 5, so that each diffuser plate 2 can move with the turntable 5. During operation, the turntable 5 drives each diffuser plate 2 to rotate and take turns moving each diffuser plate 2 with different characteristics to the beam output end of the LED light source 1. It can be understood that the turntable 5 allows multiple diffuser plates 2 with different characteristics to take turns cutting into front of the beam output end of the LED light source 1 in a rotating manner, which more flexibly and conveniently assists the image detection system in optimizing the distribution of the scattered beam of the LED light source 1 on the vehicle body. In other words, multiple diffuse emitters 2 are distributed circumferentially around the outer periphery of the rotating mechanism 5. Each diffuse emitter 2 is connected to the turntable 5, which drives these diffuse emitters 2 to rotate, allowing diffuse emitters 2 with different characteristics to move in turn to the beam output end of the LED light source 1. This facilitates dynamic switching of the diffuse emitters at the beam output end of the light source. Through the dynamic switching of the turntable 5, the system can use different diffuse emitters in different situations, thereby achieving flexible adjustment of the light source parameters. This not only improves the adaptability of the system but also helps to reduce the complexity and cost of the system. Furthermore, it can help optimize the illumination effect of the light source on the train body. By using the turntable 5, the system can dynamically call up suitable diffuse emitters according to different detection environments and needs, thereby achieving the best illumination effect on the train body and ensuring the accuracy and efficiency of image detection.

[0052] Furthermore, such as Figure 7 and Figure 8As shown, the system also includes a swing arm 7. One end of the swing arm 7 is connected to a servo motor, which controls the swing arm 7 to rotate and swing. The other end of the swing arm 7 can be connected to a fixed part of the turntable 5, such as the servo motor housing connected to the turntable 5. The swing arm 7 moves the turntable 5 in front of the beam output end of the LED light source 1 by swinging. During operation, the system can control the swing arm 7 to swing. When the swing arm 7 drives the turntable 5 to rotate in front of the beam output end of the LED light source 1, the diffuser 2 mounted on the outer periphery of the turntable 5 can scatter the light beam. Conversely, when the swing arm 7 drives the turntable 5 to rotate and move away from the beam output end of the LED light source 1, the diffuser 2 mounted on the outer periphery of the turntable 5 also moves away from the beam output end of the LED light source 1, and the diffuser 2 no longer scatters the light beam. With the above structural design, in actual operation, when the system needs to activate or adjust the light source scattering mode, the swing arm 7 will swing under the drive of the servo motor, causing the entire turntable 5 (including the diffuser plate mounted on it) to rotate in front of the beam output end of the LED light source. At this time, the diffuser plate on the turntable can effectively intercept and scatter the beam emitted by the light source, forming a diffused beam evenly distributed on the surface of the train body, providing ideal lighting conditions for the image acquisition module. Conversely, when the system does not need the diffused light source, the swing arm 7 will cause the turntable 5 to rotate away from in front of the beam output end, and the diffuser plate will move away accordingly, thereby avoiding interference with the light source beam and ensuring that the system can flexibly switch working modes at different detection stages.

[0053] Furthermore, such as Figure 9 As shown, the telescopic end of the displacement mechanism 4 is connected to the fixed part of the flipping mechanism 7. During operation, the displacement mechanism 4 can drive the flipping mechanism 7, the rotating mechanism 5 and the diffuser 2 to move linearly in the optical path of the LED light source 1. This can further improve the flexibility of position adjustment of the diffuser 2, so as to more comprehensively assist the train image detection system in acquiring high-quality images.

[0054] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and not to limit it. Although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model.

Claims

1. An optimized structure for a train panoramic image detection system, comprising a light source module and an image acquisition module for the image detection system. Its characteristics are: The light source module is provided with a diffuse reflection light-transmitting element in the light source path; A beam expander (6) is provided on the beam output end of the light source module; The diffuse reflection light-transmitting element is disposed on the light-emitting side of the beam expander lens (6); The incident beam of the light source module passes through the beam expander (6) and the diffuse reflector in sequence and is adapted to generate a scattered beam distributed on the vehicle body. The image acquisition module's image acquisition area of ​​the vehicle body overlaps with the area of ​​the scattered beam projected onto the vehicle body by the light source module.

2. The optimized structure of the train panoramic image detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transmittance of the diffuse reflective light-transmitting element is ≥90%.

3. The optimized structure of the train panoramic image detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The light source module includes an LED light source (1); The diffuse reflective light-transmitting element includes a diffuse reflective sheet (2); The diffuser (2) is positioned in front of the beam output end of the LED light source (1).

4. The optimized structure of the train panoramic image detection system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The image acquisition module includes an imaging camera (3); The shooting direction of the imaging camera (3) and the illumination direction of the LED light source (1) form a certain angle with each other; The LED light source (1) passes through the diffuser (2). The resulting scattered beams are distributed across the vehicle body and fall into the imaging area of ​​the imaging camera (3).

5. The optimized structure of the train panoramic image detection system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The diffuse emitter (2) is connected to a telescopic rod (4), which drives the diffuse emitter (2) to move linearly along the optical path of the LED light source (1).

6. The optimized structure of the train panoramic image detection system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The number of diffuse emission plates (2) is several, and the diameter, thickness, reflectivity, spectral range, Lambertianity, optical flatness or stray angle of each diffuse emission plate (2) are different from each other; Each of the diffuser plates (2) can be alternatively disposed on the beam output end of the LED light source (1).

7. The optimized structure of the train panoramic image detection system according to claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes a turntable (5), and each of the diffuse emission plates (2) surrounds the rotation axis of the turntable (5) and is circumferentially distributed on the outer periphery of the turntable (5) and is respectively connected to the turntable (5); The turntable (5) drives each diffuser (2) to rotate and takes turns moving each diffuser (2) to the beam output end of the LED light source (1).

8. The optimized structure of the train panoramic image detection system according to claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes a swing arm (7), the free end of which is connected to the turntable (5); The swing arm (7) moves the turntable (5) into or away from the beam output end of the LED light source (1) by swinging the turntable (7).

9. The optimized structure of the train panoramic image detection system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The diffuser (2) is made of Teflon or white acrylic.

10. The optimized structure of the train panoramic image detection system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The diffuse emission sheet (2) is a controllable light diffuser.

Images