Antenna and network equipment

Abstract

The utility model provides an antenna and network equipment, and belongs to the technical field of wireless communication. A network device where the antenna is located can be an ONU or an ONT in an FTTR. The antenna comprises a radiation unit, a short circuit arm and a grounding plate. The radiation unit, the short circuit arm and the grounding plate are integrally formed, the short circuit arm is connected between the radiation unit and the grounding plate, and the radiation unit and the grounding plate are parallel and opposite in position; the edge of the radiation unit is provided with a feed sheet, and the feed sheet extends in the direction close to the grounding plate. According to the invention, the signal intensity of the omnidirectional antenna right below can be enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and in particular to an antenna and network device. Background Technology

[0002] In modern network environments, ceiling-mounted network devices, such as ceiling-mounted wireless access points (APs), ceiling-mounted optical network terminals (ONTs), or ceiling-mounted optical network units (ONUs), have become ideal choices for homes and commercial spaces due to their advantages of saving space and improving Wi-Fi performance.

[0003] However, the signal strength directly below the antenna in current ceiling-mounted network devices is relatively weak, resulting in a situation where the signal directly below the antenna is weak. Utility Model Content

[0004] This application provides an antenna and a network device, wherein the antenna is an omnidirectional antenna and is capable of enhancing the signal strength directly below the antenna.

[0005] In a first aspect, this application provides an antenna, which includes a radiating element, a short-circuit arm, and a ground plane;

[0006] The radiating unit, the short-circuit arm, and the ground plane are integrally formed. The short-circuit arm is connected between the radiating unit and the ground plane. The radiating unit and the ground plane are parallel and opposite to each other.

[0007] The edge of the radiating unit has a feed plate, and the feed plate extends toward the ground plane.

[0008] In the scheme shown in this application, the antenna includes an integrally formed radiating element, a short-circuit arm, and a ground plane. The short-circuit arm is vertically connected between the radiating element and the ground plane. The radiating element and the ground plane are parallel and opposite in position. This antenna structure is simple, low in cost, and suitable for mass production. By adjusting the length and width of the ground plane, this antenna structure can make the vertically polarized beam and the horizontally polarized beam orthogonally distributed, making the antenna an omnidirectional antenna. Moreover, the maximum gain of the horizontally polarized beam is directly opposite to the antenna's position in the height direction perpendicular to the ground plane, thereby alleviating the problem of weak signal strength directly below the antenna, a common issue with traditional omnidirectional antennas.

[0009] In one implementation, the short-circuit arm is connected to the first side of the ground plane, and the straight line containing the first side of the ground plane coincides with the straight line containing the intersection of the short-circuit arm and the ground plane.

[0010] In the scheme shown in this application, the short-circuit arm is vertically connected to the side of the ground plane, and the radiating element is vertically connected to the side of the short-circuit arm. Therefore, in the fabrication of this antenna, a single metal sheet can be formed by a single vertical bend to create the short-circuit arm, another vertical bend to create the radiating element, and a final vertical bend to create the feed plate. It is evident that the antenna can be formed from a single metal sheet, resulting in a simple structure, low cost, and ease of mass production.

[0011] In one implementation, the distance between the feed plate and the ground plane is 1 mm.

[0012] In the scheme shown in this application, the distance between the feed piece and the ground plane is the gap between the bottom end of the feed piece facing the ground plane and the surface of the ground plane facing the feed piece. If the distance between the feed piece and the ground plane is too large, it will cause an impedance mismatch between the antenna and the coaxial feed line at the feed point. If the distance is too small, it will cause a short circuit between the inner conductor of the feed piece and the coaxial feed line during soldering, and between the outer conductor of the coaxial feed line and the ground plane. Therefore, the distance between the feed piece and the ground plane is approximately 1 mm.

[0013] In one implementation, the distance between the lower surface of the radiating element facing the ground plane and the upper surface of the ground plane facing the radiating element is greater than or equal to 0.06λ and less than or equal to 0.15λ, where λ is the operating wavelength of the antenna.

[0014] In one implementation, the feed plate is located on the side edge of the radiating element in the width direction, wherein the width direction of the radiating element is parallel to the intersection line of the radiating element and the short-circuit arm.

[0015] In one implementation, the length of the ground plane in the longitudinal direction is greater than or equal to 0.3λ and less than or equal to 0.6λ, and the width of the ground plane in the width direction is greater than or equal to 0.3λ and less than or equal to 0.8λ.

[0016] Wherein, λ is the operating wavelength of the antenna, the width direction of the ground plane is consistent with the width direction of the radiating element, and the length direction of the ground plane is perpendicular to the width direction of the ground plane.

[0017] In the scheme shown in this application, the feed patch is located on the side edge of the radiating element in the width direction, and the ground plane dimensions satisfy the following: length greater than or equal to 0.3λ and less than or equal to 0.6λ, width greater than or equal to 0.3λ and less than or equal to 0.8λ. This allows the vertically polarized beam and the horizontally polarized beam to have a similar proportion and be orthogonally distributed. The position of maximum gain of the horizontally polarized beam is opposite to the position of the antenna in the height direction perpendicular to the ground plane. This enhances the signal strength directly below the omnidirectional antenna and alleviates the "dark spot" situation directly below the antenna.

[0018] In one implementation, the feed plate is located on the side edge of the radiating unit along its length and is away from the short-circuit arm, wherein the length direction of the radiating unit is perpendicular to the intersection line of the radiating unit and the short-circuit arm.

[0019] In one implementation, the length of the ground plane in the longitudinal direction is greater than or equal to 0.3λ and less than or equal to 0.6λ, and the width of the ground plane in the width direction is greater than or equal to 0.3λ and less than or equal to 0.7λ.

[0020] Wherein, λ is the operating wavelength of the antenna, the length direction of the ground plane is consistent with the length direction of the radiating element, and the width direction of the ground plane is perpendicular to the length direction of the ground plane.

[0021] In the scheme shown in this application, the feed plate is located on the side edge of the radiating element along its length. The feed plate and the short-circuit arm are positioned opposite each other along the length of the radiating element. Furthermore, the dimensions of the ground plane satisfy the following conditions: length greater than or equal to 0.3λ and less than or equal to 0.6λ, width greater than or equal to 0.3λ and less than or equal to 0.7λ. This allows the vertically polarized beam and the horizontally polarized beam to have similar proportions and be orthogonally distributed. The position of maximum gain of the horizontally polarized beam is opposite to the antenna's position in the height direction perpendicular to the ground plane. This enhances the signal strength directly below the omnidirectional antenna and alleviates the "dark spot" phenomenon directly below the antenna.

[0022] In one implementation, both the radiating element and the short-circuit arm are sheet-like, and the dimension of the radiating element in the width direction is larger than the dimension of the short-circuit arm in the width direction;

[0023] The width direction of the radiating element is consistent with the width direction of the short-circuit arm, and is parallel to the intersection line of the radiating element and the short-circuit arm.

[0024] In the scheme shown in this application, the antenna is a planar inverted F antenna, so the radiating element is sheet-like and has a large area. The short-circuit arm is used to adjust impedance matching, so the width of the short-circuit arm can be smaller than the width of the radiating element.

[0025] In one implementation, the area of ​​the radiating element is smaller than the area of ​​the ground plane, and the orthographic projection of the radiating element onto the ground plane is located on the ground plane.

[0026] In the scheme shown in this application, the area of ​​the radiating element is smaller than the area of ​​the ground plane, and the orthographic projection of the radiating element onto the ground plane falls entirely on the ground plane, which enables the electromagnetic waves radiated by the radiating element to be reflected outward through the ground plane.

[0027] In a second aspect, a network device is provided, the network device including any of the antennas described in the first aspect. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a fiber-to-the-home or fiber-to-the-office system architecture provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a fiber-to-the-room system architecture provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna structure provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0031] Figure 4 Yes Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the antenna as viewed from above in the height direction;

[0032] Figure 5 Yes Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the antenna viewed from the front along its width direction;

[0033] Figure 6 Yes Figure 3 The diagram shown is a frontal view of the antenna along its length.

[0034] Figure 7 It is formed Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the metal sheet of the antenna shown;

[0035] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna structure provided in another exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0036] Figure 9 Yes Figure 8 The diagram shown is a frontal view of the antenna along its width.

[0037] Figure 10 Yes Figure 8 The diagram shown is a frontal view of the antenna along its length.

[0038] Figure 11 It is formed Figure 8A schematic diagram of the structure of the metal sheet of the antenna shown;

[0039] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the relationship between a three-dimensional spherical coordinate system and a polar coordinate system;

[0040] Figure 13 Yes Figure 3 The antenna shown is simulated, and the resulting schematic diagram illustrates the relationship between the antenna's output reflection coefficient and frequency.

[0041] Figure 14 Yes Figure 3 The antenna shown is simulated with a ground plane width of 0.3λ to 0.5λ.

[0042] Figure 15 Yes Figure 3 The antenna shown is simulated with a ground plane width of 0.8λ.

[0043] Figure 16 Yes Figure 3 The antenna shown is simulated with a ground plane length ranging from 0.3λ to 0.6λ, and the resulting radiation pattern is obtained.

[0044] Figure 17 Yes Figure 8 The antenna shown is simulated with a ground plane width of 0.3λ to 0.5λ.

[0045] Figure 18 Yes Figure 8 The antenna shown is simulated with a ground plane width of 0.6λ to 0.7λ.

[0046] Figure 19 Yes Figure 8 The antenna shown is simulated with a ground plane width of 0.3λ to 0.6λ.

[0047] Figure 20 Yes Figure 3 The antenna shown has a radiation pattern at an operating frequency of 5.2 GHz.

[0048] Figure 21 Yes Figure 3 The antenna shown has a radiation pattern at an operating frequency of 5.5 GHz.

[0049] Figure 22 Yes Figure 3 The antenna shown has a radiation pattern at an operating frequency of 5.8 GHz.

[0050] Figure 23 Compared to traditional vertically polarized antennas and Figure 3 The hybrid polarization antenna shown was tested at a frequency of 5.5 GHz, and the radiation pattern in the xoy plane was obtained.

[0051] Figure 24 Compared to traditional vertically polarized antennas and Figure 3 The hybrid polarization antenna shown was tested at a frequency of 5.5 GHz, and the radiation pattern in the xoz plane was obtained.

[0052] Figure 25 Compared to traditional vertically polarized antennas and Figure 3 The hybrid polarization antenna shown was tested at a frequency of 5.5 GHz, and the radiation pattern in the yoz plane was obtained.

[0053] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0054] 1. Radiation unit; 11. Feed plate; 2. Short-circuit arm; 3. Ground plate; 101. First part; 102. Second part; 103. Third part; 104. Fourth part. Detailed Implementation

[0055] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the embodiments of this application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0056] This embodiment relates to an antenna for a network device. The network device is installed on the ceiling and is a ceiling-mounted network device. User terminals access the network through the network device. Therefore, the network device is specifically a ceiling-mounted wireless access point (AP).

[0057] With the development of communication technology, fiber optic transmission is increasingly being used in communication systems, among which fiber to the room (FTTR) is a crucial component of optical networks. An FTTR system consists of a main device and sub-devices, connected via optical fiber. The main device, acting as an optical network terminal (ONT) in a passive optical network (PON), is connected to the optical line terminal (OLT) at the operator's central office via optical fiber. The sub-devices, acting as optical network units (ONUs) in a PON, provide signals to user terminals.

[0058] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the system architecture for fiber to the home / office (FTTH / O).

[0059] refer to Figure 1 As shown, upstream network-side equipment (such as switches and routers) is deployed in a central office (CO), and connects to downstream ONTs via an optical distribution network (ODN). The ONTs are deployed in homes or offices. The ODN includes passive optical splitters for optical power distribution, a backbone fiber connecting the passive optical splitters and the OLT, and branch fibers connecting the passive optical splitters and the ONTs. When transmitting downlink signals, the downlink signal sent by the OLT is transmitted to each ONT through the passive optical splitter, and each ONT selectively receives the downlink data belonging to itself from the downlink signal. When transmitting uplink signals, the uplink signals sent by N ONTs are combined into a single optical signal by the passive optical splitter and transmitted to the OLT.

[0060] Building upon FTTH / O, to address signal coverage issues in home or office networks, such as WLAN signal coverage, fiber optic cables can be extended further into each room. Optical terminal equipment (APs) can be installed inside these rooms to provide WLAN signals. These APs act as access points (APs) for user terminals to access the network, thus reducing the distance between the user terminal and the AP and improving signal strength. This technology is called Fiber to the Room (FTTR).

[0061] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the FTTR system architecture. In an FTTR network, the master device acts as the ONT in the FTTH network, connecting to the OLT via fiber optic cables plugged into its passive optical network (PON) interface. Simultaneously, it acts as an upstream device for the FTTR slave devices, managing them. The slave devices in an FTTR network can be deployed in various rooms of a home or office, possessing both ONT and AP functions, and are used to provide signals to user terminals via wired / wireless user network interfaces (UNI).

[0062] Multiple slave devices can be deployed in an FTTR system. Each slave device is connected to the master device via an optical splitter, and the master device can centrally manage and configure all slave devices. The master device can also be called a "master gateway," "master optical modem," "master FTTR unit (MFU)," or "master fiber unit (MFU)," etc., while slave devices can be called "slave gateways," "slave optical modems," "slave FTTR unit (SFU)," or "slave fiber unit (MFU)," etc.

[0063] The ONT in FTTH / O and FTTR, as well as the ONU in FTTR, have integrated Wi-Fi modules and AP functions. These network devices can be deployed on the ceiling as ceiling-mounted network devices.

[0064] Currently, ceiling-mounted network devices mostly use vertically polarized omnidirectional antennas. However, the radiation pattern of a vertically polarized omnidirectional antenna is flattened and apple-shaped, resulting in weak signal strength at the center, creating a "blind spot" situation. This leads to a situation where, in extreme speed testing scenarios where the ceiling-mounted network device and the user terminal are 2 meters apart, the network device and the user terminal cannot negotiate a 4K quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) modulation rate directly below the device.

[0065] To address this, this embodiment provides an antenna for a network device. This antenna is a hybrid polarization omnidirectional antenna, including vertical polarization and horizontal polarization. Moreover, the maximum gain of the horizontal polarization is directly below the network device, in order to solve the problem of signal radiation from the network device being "under the light" (i.e., unavailable signal under the device).

[0066] like Figures 3 to 6 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of an antenna provided in this embodiment. Figure 3 This is a 3D schematic diagram of the antenna. Figure 4 Yes Figure 3 The diagram shown is a top view of the antenna in the height direction. Figure 5 Yes Figure 3 The diagram shown is a frontal view of the antenna along its width direction. Figure 6 Yes Figure 3 The diagram shows the antenna viewed from the front along its length.

[0067] For ease of explanation, in this embodiment, the width direction is defined as the direction along the intersection of the radiating unit 1 and the short-circuit arm 2, which is also the direction along the intersection of the short-circuit arm 2 and the ground plane 3; the height direction is defined as the direction perpendicular to the ground plane 3; and the length direction is defined as the direction perpendicular to both the width and height directions.

[0068] refer to Figures 3 to 6 As shown, the antenna includes a radiating element 1, a shorting arm 2, and a ground plane 3. Both the radiating element 1 and the ground plane 3 are sheet-like, arranged parallel to each other vertically, and positioned opposite each other. The shorting arm 2 connects the radiating element 1 and the ground plane 3. For example, one end of the shorting arm 2 in the height direction is connected to the side of the ground plane 3, and the shorting arm 2 is perpendicular to the ground plane 3; the other end of the shorting arm 2 in the height direction is connected to the side of the radiating element 1, and the shorting arm 2 is perpendicular to the radiating element 1.

[0069] It should be noted that the radiating unit 1 and the ground plane 3 are parallel and opposite to each other. The short-circuit arm 2 is connected between the radiating unit 1 and the ground plane 3. The short-circuit arm 2 can be vertically connected between the radiating unit 1 and the ground plane 3, or it can be inclined between the radiating unit 1 and the ground plane 3. This embodiment does not limit this, and it can be arranged as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the short-circuit arm 2 is vertically connected between the radiating unit 1 and the ground plane 3.

[0070] In one example, refer to Figure 3 As shown, the first side of the grounding plate 3 along its length is connected to the short-circuit arm 2, and the straight line containing the first side is on the same straight line as the intersection of the short-circuit arm 2 and the grounding plate 3.

[0071] refer to Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, a feed pad 11 is located at the edge of the radiating unit 1. The feed pad 11 extends towards the ground plane 3 and is used to connect to the feed line. Therefore, the feed pad 11 is also called a signal pad or feed point pad. For example, the inner conductor of the coaxial feed line is soldered to the feed pad 11, while the outer conductor is soldered to the ground plane 3.

[0072] In one example, reference Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the distance d between the feed plate 11 and the ground plane 3 is approximately 1 mm. If the distance between the feed plate 11 and the ground plane 3 is too large, the inner conductor of the coaxial feed line will be soldered to the feed plate 11, and the outer conductor will be soldered to the ground plane 3. In this case, the impedance of the coaxial feed line at the solder joint may not be 50 ohms, resulting in an impedance mismatch between the coaxial feed line and the antenna. If the distance between the feed plate 11 and the ground plane 3 is too small, the inner conductor of the coaxial feed line may connect to the feed plate 11, and the outer conductor may connect to the ground plane 3, leading to a short circuit.

[0073] It should be noted that the distance d between the feed plate 11 and the ground plane 3 specifically refers to the gap distance between the edge of the feed plate 11 facing the ground plane 3 and the surface of the ground plane 3 facing the feed plate 11 (refer to...). Figure 5 and Figure 6 shown).

[0074] In one example, the short-circuit arm 2 is also sheet-shaped, so the radiating element 1, the short-circuit arm 2 and the ground plane 3 are integrally formed. For example, a metal sheet is formed by bending it multiple times to form the radiating element 1, the short-circuit arm 2 and the ground plane 3, as well as the feed piece 11 on the edge of the radiating element 1. The antenna formation process will be described later based on the specific location of the feed piece 11.

[0075] In one example, the antenna is a planar inverted F antenna (PIFA). By setting the size of the ground plane 3 and the height of the shorting arm 2, the antenna can be vertically polarized along its length in the horizontal plane and horizontally polarized along its width. Furthermore, the maximum gain of the horizontally polarized beam is directly opposite the antenna in the height direction. For example, the maximum gain of the horizontally polarized beam is directly above the antenna, and after reflection by the ground plane 3, it is directed directly below the antenna, thus mitigating the weak signal under the network device.

[0076] Vertical polarization means that the electric field of an electromagnetic wave is perpendicular to the ground, while horizontal polarization means that the electric field of an electromagnetic wave is parallel to the ground.

[0077] In one example, ground plane 3 is used to reflect electromagnetic waves, so refer to... Figure 4 As shown, the area of ​​the ground plane 3 is larger than the area of ​​the radiating element 1, and the orthographic projection of the radiating element 1 onto the ground plane 3 falls entirely on the ground plane 3. That is, referring to... Figure 4 As shown, the length dimension of the ground plane 3 is larger than the length dimension of the radiating unit 1, and the width dimension of the ground plane 3 is also larger than the width dimension of the radiating unit 1. This allows most of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the radiating unit 1 to be reflected away through the ground plane 3.

[0078] Regarding the dimensions of radiating element 1 and short-circuit arm 2 in the longitudinal direction, refer to... Figure 6 As shown, the dimension of the radiating element 1 in the length direction is larger than the dimension of the short-circuit arm 2 in the length direction.

[0079] As described above, the feed plate 11 is located at the edge of the radiating element 1. For example, refer to... Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, the feed plate 11 is located on the side edge of the radiating element 1 in the width direction. (Reference) Figure 3 As shown, the radiating element 1 has two opposite sides in the width direction, and the feed plate 11 is located on the edge of either of the two sides in the width direction of the radiating element 1.

[0080] It should be noted that the specific position of the feed piece 11 on the side of the radiating element 1 is related to the impedance matching of the antenna and the feed line. The specific position of the feed piece 11 on the side of the radiating element 1 is selected based on the impedance matching of the antenna and the feed line.

[0081] In one example, Figure 3 The antenna shown can be used Figure 7 The metal sheet shown is formed by bending. (Reference) Figure 7 As shown, the metal sheet is cut to include a first portion 101, a second portion 102, a third portion 103, and a fourth portion 104. The second portion 102 is bent at the intersection with the first portion 101, until the second portion 102 and the first portion 101 are perpendicular. Then, the third portion 103 is bent at the intersection with the second portion 102, until the third portion 103 is perpendicular to the second portion 102 and directly opposite the first portion 101. Next, the fourth portion 104 is bent towards the first portion 101 at the intersection with the third portion 103, until the fourth portion 104 is perpendicular to the third portion 103. Thus, the first portion 101 forms the ground plane 3, the second portion 102 forms the short-circuit arm 2, the third portion 103 forms the radiating unit 1, and the fourth portion 104 forms the feed plate 11.

[0082] In one example, reference Figure 3 As shown, the centerline of the radiating element 1 along its length direction intersects perpendicularly with the centerline of the short-circuit arm 2 along its height direction, and the centerline of the short-circuit arm 2 along its height direction intersects perpendicularly with the centerline of the grounding plate 3 along its length direction. That is, referring to... Figure 7 As shown, the center lines of the first part 101 along the length direction, the second part 102 along the length direction, and the third part 103 along the length direction of the metal sheet are collinear, that is, on a straight line.

[0083] For example, refer to Figures 8 to 10 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of another antenna provided in this embodiment. Figure 8 This is a 3D schematic diagram of the antenna. Figure 9 Yes Figure 8 The diagram shown is a frontal view of the antenna along its width. Figure 10 Yes Figure 8 The diagram shows the antenna viewed head-on along its length. (Reference) Figures 8 to 10 As shown, the feed plate 11 is located on the side edge of the radiating unit 1 away from the short-circuit arm 2 in the length direction, and the feed plate 11 extends toward the ground plane 3.

[0084] Figure 8 The antenna shown can be used Figure 11 The metal sheet shown is formed by bending. (Reference) Figure 11 As shown, the metal sheet is cut to include a first portion 101, a second portion 102, a third portion 103, and a fourth portion 104. The second portion 102 is bent at the intersection with the first portion 101, until the second portion 102 and the first portion 101 are perpendicular. Then, the third portion 103 is bent at the intersection with the second portion 102, until the third portion 103 is perpendicular to the second portion 102 and directly opposite the first portion 101. Next, the fourth portion 104 is bent towards the first portion 101 at the intersection with the third portion 103, until the fourth portion 104 is perpendicular to the third portion 103. Thus, the first portion 101 forms the ground plane 3, the second portion 102 forms the short-circuit arm 2, the third portion 103 forms the radiating unit 1, and the fourth portion 104 forms the feed plate 11.

[0085] In one example, reference Figure 8 As shown, the centerline of the radiating element 1 along its length intersects perpendicularly with the centerline of the short-circuit arm 2 along its height. The centerline of the radiating element 1 along its length also intersects perpendicularly with the centerline of the feed plate 11 along its height. The centerline of the short-circuit arm 2 along its height intersects perpendicularly with the centerline of the ground plane 3 along its length. That is, referring to... Figure 11 As shown, the center lines of the first part 101 along the length direction, the second part 102 along the length direction, the third part 103 along the length direction, and the fourth part 104 along the length direction of the metal sheet are collinear, that is, on a straight line.

[0086] In one example, to make Figure 3 The antenna shown forms a hybrid polarized omnidirectional antenna; correspondingly, for Figure 3 The antenna shown is for reference. Figure 4 As shown, the dimension of the grounding plate 3 in the length direction is greater than or equal to 0.3λ and less than or equal to 0.6λ, and the dimension of the grounding plate 3 in the width direction is greater than or equal to 0.3λ and less than or equal to 0.8λ.

[0087] Where λ is the operating wavelength of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna propagating in the air, and y is the wavelength of the antenna at the center frequency point. The length and width directions are perpendicular to the plane of the ground plane 3, and the length direction is perpendicular to the surface of the short-circuit arm 2.

[0088] right Figure 3 The antenna shown is simulated. The dimension of the ground plane 3 in the width direction satisfies 0.3λ to 0.6λ, referring to... Figure 14As shown, the antenna's vertically polarized beam is mainly concentrated to the left and right of the antenna's width. When the width of the ground plane 3 is 0.8λ, the reference... Figure 15 As shown, the coverage area of ​​the vertically polarized beam is increased, covering the antenna in front of it along the length direction, and to the left and right of it along the width direction. When the length of the ground plane 3 in the length direction satisfies 0.3λ to 0.6λ, the reference... Figure 16 As shown, the horizontally polarized beam is mainly concentrated in front of and behind the antenna along its length. Furthermore, the maximum gain of the horizontally polarized beam is directly opposite to the antenna's position in the height direction; for example, the maximum gain of the horizontally polarized beam is directly above the antenna. The current transmitted on the ground plane 3 has the same phase along its length, resulting in increased energy, while its phase is opposite along its width, resulting in decreased energy. However, when the length dimension of the ground plane 3 is greater than 0.6λ or the width dimension is greater than 0.8λ, the maximum gain of the horizontally polarized beam will deflect and will no longer be directly above the antenna.

[0089] Therefore, in order to ensure that the maximum gain of the horizontally polarized beam is directly above the antenna, the dimensions of the ground plane 3 in the length direction must be greater than or equal to 0.3λ and less than or equal to 0.6λ, and the dimensions of the ground plane 3 in the width direction must be greater than or equal to 0.3λ and less than or equal to 0.8λ. Moreover, under this dimensional relationship, the vertical polarization ratio of the antenna is close to the horizontal polarization ratio, and the ratio between vertical and horizontal polarization is close to 1:1.

[0090] In one example, the distance between the surfaces of the radiating element 1 and the ground plane 3 facing each other is greater than or equal to 0.06λ and less than or equal to 0.15λ. That is, the distance between the surface of the radiating element 1 facing the ground plane 3 and the surface of the ground plane 3 facing the radiating element 1 is greater than or equal to 0.06λ and less than or equal to 0.15λ.

[0091] In one example, to make Figure 8 The antenna shown forms a hybrid polarized omnidirectional antenna; correspondingly, for Figure 8 The antenna shown has a ground plane 3 with a length dimension greater than or equal to 0.3λ and less than or equal to 0.6λ, and a width dimension greater than or equal to 0.3λ and less than or equal to 0.7λ. The distance between the surfaces of the radiating element 1 and the ground plane 3 facing each other is greater than or equal to 0.06λ and less than or equal to 0.15λ. That is, the distance between the surface of the radiating element 1 facing the ground plane 3 and the surface of the ground plane 3 facing the radiating element 1 is greater than or equal to 0.06λ and less than or equal to 0.15λ.

[0092] right Figure 8The antenna shown is simulated. When the width of the ground plane 3 in the width direction is between 0.3λ and 0.5λ, the vertical polarization beam of the antenna is mainly concentrated on the left and right sides of the antenna along the width direction. When the width of the ground plane 3 is greater than 0.7λ, the reference... Figure 18 As shown, the proportion of vertically polarized beams increases significantly, while the proportion of horizontally polarized beams decreases significantly. When the length dimension of the ground plane 3 is between 0.3λ and 0.6λ, the horizontally polarized beam is mainly concentrated in front of and behind the antenna along its length, and the maximum gain of the horizontally polarized beam is directly above the antenna. The current transmitted on the ground plane 3 has the same phase in the length direction, resulting in increased energy, while it has opposite phase in the width direction, resulting in decreased energy. When the length dimension of the ground plane is greater than 0.6λ, the horizontally polarized beam will be severely distorted, and the maximum gain will not be directly above the antenna.

[0093] Therefore, in order to make the ratio of vertical polarization to horizontal polarization of the antenna close, such as a ratio of vertical polarization to horizontal polarization close to 1:1, and the maximum gain of the horizontal polarization beam can be located directly above the antenna, the dimensions of the ground plane 3 in the length direction must be greater than or equal to 0.3λ and less than or equal to 0.6λ, and the dimensions of the ground plane 3 in the width direction must be greater than or equal to 0.3λ and less than or equal to 0.7λ.

[0094] In one example, the distance between the surfaces of the radiating element 1 and the ground plane 3 facing each other is greater than or equal to 0.06λ and less than or equal to 0.15λ. That is, the distance between the surface of the radiating element 1 facing the ground plane 3 and the surface of the ground plane 3 facing the radiating element 1 is greater than or equal to 0.06λ and less than or equal to 0.15λ.

[0095] The following is an introduction to... Figure 3 and Figure 8 The simulation results for the two antennas shown are presented. The introduction will cover the antenna's radiation patterns in three-dimensional spherical and polar coordinate systems; therefore, the three-dimensional spherical and polar coordinate systems will be introduced first. For example... Figure 12 The diagram illustrates the relationship between a three-dimensional spherical coordinate system and polar coordinates. θ (also called Theta) represents the angle between the line connecting the origin O to point P and the positive z-axis. Φ (also called Phi) represents the angle of rotation counterclockwise from the x-axis to the projection line. The projection line is the line connecting the projection P' of point P in space onto the xoy plane and the origin O. r represents the length of the line connecting the origin O and point P in space. The θ direction generally corresponds to the vertical plane of the antenna, and the Φ direction generally corresponds to the horizontal plane of the antenna.

[0096] like Figure 13 As shown, this is for Figure 3The diagram shows the relationship between the antenna's output reflection coefficient and frequency, obtained through simulation. (Reference) Figure 13 As shown, the antenna's output reflection coefficient is approximately -10dB at 5GHz, approximately -19dB at 5.45GHz, and approximately -10dB at 5.89GHz. This indicates that the antenna's output reflection coefficient is less than -10dB within the 5GHz operating frequency band, demonstrating good impedance matching at the antenna's output.

[0097] like Figure 14 As shown, this is for Figure 3 The antenna pattern shown is obtained through simulation, where the dimension of the ground plane 3 in the width direction ranges from 0.3λ to 0.5λ. (Reference) Figure 14 As shown, the energy of vertically polarized electromagnetic waves is mainly concentrated on the left and right sides of the antenna along its width. Figure 14 The three-dimensional coordinate system x'y'z' in the following figures is the orthographic projection of the three-dimensional coordinate system xyz onto the xoy plane.

[0098] like Figure 15 As shown, this is for Figure 3 The antenna pattern shown is obtained from simulation, where the ground plane 3 has a width dimension of 0.8λ. (Reference) Figure 15 As shown, the energy of vertically polarized electromagnetic waves is mainly concentrated in front of the antenna in the length direction, and on the left and right sides in the width direction.

[0099] like Figure 16 As shown, this is for Figure 3 The antenna pattern shown is obtained through simulation, where the dimension of the ground plane 3 in the length direction ranges from 0.3λ to 0.6λ. (Reference) Figure 16 As shown, the maximum energy of the horizontally polarized electromagnetic wave is located directly above the antenna, which is the position of maximum gain of the horizontally polarized electromagnetic wave. This position is directly opposite to the antenna's position in the vertical direction, which is perpendicular to the ground plane.

[0100] based on Figure 3 The simulation results of the antenna show that the size of the ground plane 3 in the width direction is greater than or equal to 0.3λ and less than or equal to 0.8λ, and the size in the length direction is greater than or equal to 0.3λ and less than or equal to 0.6λ.

[0101] like Figure 17 As shown, this is for Figure 8 The antenna pattern shown is obtained through simulation, where the dimension of the ground plane 3 in the width direction ranges from 0.3λ to 0.5λ. (Reference) Figure 17As shown, the energy of vertically polarized electromagnetic waves is mainly concentrated on the left and right sides of the antenna in the width direction.

[0102] like Figure 18 As shown, this is for Figure 8 The antenna pattern shown is obtained through simulation, where the dimension of the ground plane 3 in the width direction ranges from 0.6λ to 0.7λ. (Reference) Figure 18 As shown, the energy of vertically polarized electromagnetic waves is mainly concentrated in front of and behind the antenna along its length, and on the left and right sides along its width.

[0103] like Figure 19 As shown, this is for Figure 8 The antenna pattern shown is obtained through simulation, where the dimension of the ground plane 3 in the width direction ranges from 0.3λ to 0.6λ. (Reference) Figure 19 As shown, the maximum energy of the horizontally polarized electromagnetic wave is located directly above the antenna, which is the position of maximum gain of the horizontally polarized electromagnetic wave. This position is directly opposite to the antenna's position in the vertical direction, which is perpendicular to the ground plane.

[0104] based on Figure 8 The simulation results of the antenna show that the width of the ground plane 3 in the width direction is greater than or equal to 0.3λ and less than or equal to 0.7λ, and the length in the length direction is greater than or equal to 0.3λ and less than or equal to 0.6λ.

[0105] The following is an introduction to... Figure 3 The antenna shown is the result of actual testing.

[0106] As shown in Table 1, the antenna efficiency and gain at different frequencies are as follows. It can be seen from Table 1 that the antenna efficiency is greater than 60% and the gain is about 4dBi at the 5GHz frequency band.

[0107] Table 1: Antenna efficiency and gain at different frequencies

[0108]

[0109] As shown in Table 2, traditional vertically polarized omnidirectional antennas, and Figure 3 The parameters of the hybrid polarization omnidirectional antenna are compared as shown in Table 2. Table 2 shows that the total radiation gain of the traditional vertically polarized omnidirectional antenna is -1.87384 dB, and the total efficiency is 64.9555%. Specifically, the horizontal polarization gain is -9.52269 dB (representing -9.52269%), and the vertical polarization gain is -2.69297 dB (representing 53.79018%), with a vertical-to-horizontal polarization ratio of 5:1. Figure 3The hybrid polarization omnidirectional antenna shown has an overall gain of -1.48616 dB and an overall efficiency of 71.02051%. The horizontal polarization gain is -4.9181 dB, accounting for 32.22481%, while the vertical polarization gain is -4.11175 dB, accounting for 38.79937%. The ratio of vertical to horizontal polarization is close to 1:1.

[0110] Table 2: Traditional Vertical Polarized Omnidirectional Antennas and Figure 3 Data comparison between the hybrid polarized omnidirectional antennas shown

[0111]

[0112] like Figures 20 to 25 To Figure 3 The antenna pattern of the hybrid polarized omnidirectional antenna shown is the result of actual measurements.

[0113] like Figure 20 The image shows the radiation pattern at the operating frequency of 5.2 GHz. Figure 21 The image shows the radiation pattern at the operating frequency of 5.5 GHz. Figure 22 The image shows the radiation pattern at the operating frequency of 5.8 GHz. (Reference) Figures 20 to 22 As shown, the antenna is an omnidirectional antenna.

[0114] like Figures 23 to 25 As shown, this is an example of the comparison between traditional vertically polarized antennas and... Figure 3 The hybrid polarization antenna shown has its radiation patterns obtained from actual measurements at a frequency of 5.5 GHz. Figures 23 to 25 The unit for medium gain is dBi. Figure 23 This is the orientation pattern in the xoy plane (i.e., the horizontal plane). Figure 24 This is the orientation pattern in the xoz plane (i.e., the vertical plane). Figure 25 This is the orientation pattern in the yoz plane (i.e., the vertical plane).

[0115] refer to Figure 23 As shown, the hybrid polarization antenna in this embodiment is specifically a hybrid polarization omnidirectional antenna, and the average gain of the hybrid polarization antenna in the horizontal plane is no less than the gain of the vertically polarized antenna in the horizontal plane. (Reference) Figure 24 As shown, at Theta of 0 degrees, the gain of the hybrid polarization antenna is 0.97 dBi, and the gain of the vertical polarization antenna is -4.2 dBi. (Reference) Figure 25 As shown, at Theta of 0 degrees, the gain of the hybrid polarization antenna is 1.69 dBi, and the gain of the vertical polarization antenna is -3.98 dBi. It can be seen that the gain directly below the hybrid polarization antenna is 5 dB higher than that directly below the vertical polarization antenna.

[0116] In this embodiment, after the network device with the antenna is ceiling-mounted, in extreme speed testing scenarios where it is connected to a mobile phone at a distance of 2 meters, the traditional vertically polarized omnidirectional antenna suffers from a "dark spot"—low signal strength—and cannot negotiate a 4KQAM modulation rate. By using the hybrid polarized omnidirectional antenna provided in this embodiment, the signal strength directly below the network device can be significantly improved, achieving a 4KQAM modulation rate, without sacrificing long-distance coverage.

[0117] Table 3 below shows the extreme speed test results of the network device in this embodiment when connected to a mobile phone at a distance of 2 meters. In Table 3, RSSI represents the Received Signal Strength Indicator, used to measure the strength of the wireless signal detected by the mobile phone. The closer to zero, the better the signal strength. Therefore, as shown in Table 3, the hybrid polarization omnidirectional antenna provided in this embodiment has a strong RSSI in all channels. MCS represents the Modulation and Coding Scheme, used to define the transmission rate and reliability of the wireless link. The MCS of the hybrid polarization omnidirectional antenna in this embodiment is greater than that of the traditional vertical polarization omnidirectional antenna, indicating a higher transmission rate. Per represents the Packet Error Rate, a key parameter for measuring the reliability of a communication system, reflecting the stability of data transmission. It represents the percentage of data packets incorrectly received by the receiver during data transmission. The lower the Per value (i.e., the lower the error rate), the better the communication quality.

[0118] Table 3: Maximum speed test results of the network device in this embodiment when connected to a mobile phone at a distance of 2 meters.

[0119]

[0120] In this embodiment, the antenna includes an integrally formed radiating element, a short-circuit arm, and a ground plane. The short-circuit arm connects the radiating element and the ground plane. The radiating element and the ground plane are parallel and opposite in position. This antenna structure is simple, low in cost, and suitable for mass production. Moreover, by adjusting the length and width of the ground plane, this antenna structure can make the vertically polarized beam and the horizontally polarized beam orthogonally distributed. The maximum gain of the horizontally polarized beam and the antenna are directly opposite each other in the height direction perpendicular to the ground plane, thereby solving the problem of weak signal strength directly below the antenna in traditional omnidirectional antennas.

[0121] This embodiment also provides a network device, specifically a ceiling-mounted network device, which includes the antenna described above.

[0122] The terminology used in the embodiments section of this application is for explaining the embodiments of this application only and is not intended to limit this application. Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in the embodiments of this application should have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this application specification and claims do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Similarly, the terms "a" or "one," etc., do not indicate a quantity limitation, but indicate the presence of at least one. The terms "comprising," "including," etc., mean that the elements or objects preceding "comprising" or "including" cover the elements or objects listed after "comprising" or "including" and their equivalents, and do not exclude other elements or objects. "Above," "below," "left," "right," etc., are only used to indicate relative positional relationships, and the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly when the absolute position of the described object changes. "A plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise expressly defined.

[0123] The above description is merely an optional embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. An antenna, characterized in that, The antenna includes a radiating element (1), a short-circuiting arm (2), and a ground plane (3). The radiating unit (1), the short-circuit arm (2) and the grounding plate (3) are integrally formed. The short-circuit arm (2) is connected between the radiating unit (1) and the grounding plate (3). The radiating unit (1) and the grounding plate (3) are parallel and opposite to each other. The edge of the radiating unit (1) has a feed plate (11), and the feed plate (11) extends toward the ground plane (3).

2. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The short-circuit arm (2) is connected to the first side of the grounding plate (3), and the straight line of the first side of the grounding plate (3) coincides with the straight line of the intersection of the short-circuit arm (2) and the grounding plate (3).

3. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The distance between the lower surface of the radiating element (1) facing the ground plane (3) and the upper surface of the ground plane (3) facing the radiating element (1) is greater than or equal to 0.06λ and less than or equal to 0.15λ, where λ is the operating wavelength of the antenna.

4. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The feed plate (11) is located on the side edge of the radiating unit (1) in the width direction, wherein the width direction of the radiating unit (1) is parallel to the intersection line of the radiating unit (1) and the short-circuit arm (2).

5. The antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that, The dimension of the grounding plate (3) in the length direction is greater than or equal to 0.3λ and less than or equal to 0.6λ, and the dimension of the grounding plate (3) in the width direction is greater than or equal to 0.3λ and less than or equal to 0.8λ; Wherein, λ is the operating wavelength of the antenna, the width direction of the ground plane (3) is consistent with the width direction of the radiating element (1), and the length direction of the ground plane (3) is perpendicular to the width direction of the ground plane (3).

6. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The feed plate (11) is located on the side edge of the radiation unit (1) along its length and is far from the short-circuit arm (2). The length direction of the radiation unit (1) is perpendicular to the intersection line of the radiation unit (1) and the short-circuit arm (2).

7. The antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that, The dimension of the grounding plate (3) in the length direction is greater than or equal to 0.3λ and less than or equal to 0.6λ, and the dimension of the grounding plate (3) in the width direction is greater than or equal to 0.3λ and less than or equal to 0.7λ; Wherein, λ is the operating wavelength of the antenna, the length direction of the ground plane (3) is consistent with the length direction of the radiating element (1), and the width direction of the ground plane (3) is perpendicular to the length direction of the ground plane (3).

8. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the radiating unit (1) and the short-circuit arm (2) are sheet-shaped, and the dimension of the radiating unit (1) in the width direction is larger than the dimension of the short-circuit arm (2) in the width direction; The width direction of the radiating unit (1) is consistent with the width direction of the short-circuit arm (2), and is parallel to the intersection line of the radiating unit (1) and the short-circuit arm (2).

9. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The area of ​​the radiating unit (1) is smaller than the area of ​​the ground plane (3), and the orthographic projection of the radiating unit (1) on the ground plane (3) is located on the ground plane (3).

10. A network device, characterized in that, The network device includes the antenna as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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